Tests carried out during the pre-commissioning test.

Test date: 28/01/2013 - 03/02/2013 Followings are present during the test: 1. Voltech, office based in Tamil Nadu, India. 2. CGL, office based in Kolkata. 3. BPCL, office based in Tsirang. 4. KECL, Site office based in Tsirang. Knee point voltage test: It is a minimum voltage test performed using the injection of voltage (for eg. HVN core) for PS- class, 1s1-1s2. While conducting the test, the tap position 1s1 & 1s2 is connected from the step up transformer applying the minimum of 1000V injection so as to get the output current of 150mA maximum. The test is further carried out with the application of 10% on the 1000V application so as to get maximum current flowing across the secondary core terminals. However, the secondary CT current at the minimum knee point voltage is comparably less than that of the designated current of 150mA. If voltage exceeds minimum knee point voltage, the core goes into saturation no matter what the excitation current is being implied. At the point when the CT core reaches saturation point, Ixe increase by 50% of the normal current where it leads to detoriation in CT core and severe damages. Instruments used during the test: Variac (auto transformer), 5KV step-up transformer, multimeter ( measures knee point voltage) & leakage current tester (tongue)- measures current corresponding to knee point voltage. Ratio test: Ratio test is conducted for both protection and metering class which covers every core terminals of U, V & W phases. The test is so conducted, where the two tap position of HVN (eg. 1N1S1 & 1N1S2, 1N2S1 & 1N2S2) will be shorted. The current will be noted at the short guard wire with the gradual application of primary injection current from a loading transformer, where the conductor from the loading transformer will be passed through the core. Both the primary injection current in the primary cable and shorted core terminal wire measures current using leakage tester. The gradual increase in primary current up to300A should gives out 1A across the shorted secondary terminals. Instrument used: Variac (auto transformer), Loading transformer, Leakage current tester- 2nos. Winding resistance test: Winding resistance test is conducted for only PS class core, using resistance tester. The minimum of 1.5ohms should be obtained at the end of test. Tap to Tap (in a single core)- o ohm, Tap to tap (in a different core)- G ohm range, single core to earth- G ohm value should be shown in a galvanometer for a insulation resistance measurement check. Tan Delta test: Tan Delta test is so performed by the injection of voltage from the control transformer with the variation of voltage in three different ranges (i.e 2kV to 10kV), three readings are performed. The high voltage input is connected at the top of a bushing and another wire is tapped from the Rphase control unit to the tan delta point. With the application of voltage up to 10kV, the input current should be at the range of 100 of mA, which decreases with the rise in voltage and the capacitance is read in pico farad range (usually 350 to 500 PF range in case of 220kV transformer bushing). The tan

delta, dissipation should be maintained within a range of 0.005 range to assure specified value which indicates that the insulation of a bushing is perfect. Value above 0.005 is unacceptable. The test so carried out is only UST (un-ground specimen test). GST (grounded specimen test) & GSTG(grounded specimen test with guard) will be performed after creation of transformer vacuum, oil infiltration and filling of oil. This latter two test shall be carried out after performing the above action before final commissioning. UST test is carried out only for bushings whereas GST & GSTG tests are carried out for windings of transformer. Polarization Index (PI): PI is the special test carried out to note resistance of transformer bushing on HV side after filling up insulating oil in main transformer tank and following an immersion of bushing into insulating transformer oil. The test is thus performed setting a range of time interval from 1min to 10 min, automatically noting the value of bushing resistance in mega ohm. PI value is a ratio of resistance measured in 1min to 10 min where the value should be proportional to or more than 1.5. Higher the PI value, indicated high insulating oil and bushing dielectric strength. The test is so performed after shorting all three HV terminal bushing with HVN bushing using meger testing instrument. Positive terminal of megger is connected to the shorted bushing at HVN terminal and negative terminal is earthed. The above mentioned test details are all conducted for the transformer- T10024/1. Test date- 20/02/2013 - 22/02/2013 Polarity test (CT): Polarity test is so performed to know the polarity of current transformer. The CT terminal P1 & P2 is connected with a probe. At the other spectrum, a galvanometer is connected across each and every tap position of individual core to see a correct deflection of galvanometer towards right. ( i.e 1S1-1S2, 1S1-1S3.....5S1-5S4). A 9V Pb battery is energized to the CT primary terminal P1 & P2 to read a deflection of galvanometer who's terminal is connected to respective tap position as stated above. If a galvanometer pointer deflects towards the right, the equipment polarity is correct and if deflected towards left equipment polarity is incorrect. IR test (CT): Insulation resistance (IR) test is so conducted to know the dielectric withstanding capacity of insulation of CT winding. The test is performed in different stages viz. Primary terminal (P1 or P2) to earth with 5kV DC meger input, Primary terminal (P1 or P2) to individual core (1S1....1S5) with 500V DC meger input, Core (1S1.....) to core (2S1.....) injecting 500V DC meger input. The IR value should be in the range of Giga Ohm, where primary to earth meger value is higher as compared to remaining connection as mentioned above. CT winding resistance test, Knee point voltage test and Ratio test is similar to the test as conducted in transformer CT for primary, secondary and Neutral CT inside respective turrets. The above test are conducted for ICT-1 CT. Test Date- 23/02/2013 1. Megger test- Meger test is carried out for the transformer HV-Earth, LV-Earth & HV-LV. The test is conducted with the help of 5kV rated meger. The above test result is obtained in the range of 37G and above.

2. Vector Group test- Vector group test is so conducted for the transformer having a vector group of Yyn0. Vector group test is conducted with the help of 3 4 wire AC supply which is connected to a 4 pole MCB, which is then connected to a HV bushings U, V, W. The U point terminals of the MCB is then connected to another U point terminal bushing of LV along with V & W. The voltages are measured so with respect to the terminals between each phases where the summation of two terminal result shall correspond to the terminal of the earlier measured. The test is conducted with the help of multimeter. Transformer-10MVA U1 V1 R Y B N 3 Phase supply connected on HV side bushings W1 HVN

4P MCB(for HV)

U2 V2 4P MCB(for LV) R Y B N U1 U2

W2

LVN

N1

W1

V1

N2 V2 W2 U1-N2= U1-N1 + U1-N2 W1-W2= V1+ V2

SF6 Circuit Breaker1. Difference between touch contact and fully closed contact- Wipe (in mm) (83-51) 2. Difference between fully opened contact and fully closed contact- Pole stroke (in mm) (280-51) The test is performed along with the personnel specified from the CGL, Nashik, India. During the period, carried out slow closing and opening operation of breaker for all the breakers and thus conclusively obtained the above results. The above results correspond to the stipulated test requirement for the breakers generally. Hence the above test satisfied. 24/02/2012 Current Transformer Conducted tests for the fulfilment of CT application regarding Dagachhu incomer line bay. The test are conducted similar to the earlier test conducted for ICT-1 bay CT. All the tests are passed and concluded satisfactory. Transformer-10MVA Followed by the voltage ratio test for the 10MVA transformer. Test is so conducted starting from the OLTC tap no. 1 gradually increasing to tap no.17 4P MCB(for HV) R Y B N 3-phase supply connected on HV side. Transformer Bushings positioned on HV & LV Transformer-10MVA U1 V1 W1 HVN

U2 V2 4P MCB(for LV) R Y B N

W2

LVN

The above test should witnessed as follows. While testing on tap no. 1, the voltage readings are conducted on each and every phase terminals across for both HV and LV side i.e R-B, B-Y, Y-R, RN, Y-N & B-N by giving supply only in HV side regardless of LV side to satisfy the test. The voltage should show gradual increasing trend while increasing the tap position practically but the test result

was found unsatisfactory. It was agreed to carry out the test the next day to attain correct result. The test is further corrected whether the values obtained are correct or not by calculating from the standard value, for the rest of the tap position readings. HV-220000/ LV-66000= 3.33 (constant) Polarization index test- The test is conducted for the transformer ICT-1 after complete oil filtration and full filling of insulating oil in to transformer with the acquired BDV of 71kV. 1minute- 31.7ohm 10min- 115ohm PI value is calculated as 2.9 Date- 25/02/2013 SF6 CB- 1. Checked continuity test for inter-pole CB. The continuity is done for the control panel linking in between R, Y & B phase CB pole and Marshalling box. The test is carried out using digital multimeter. 2. Carried out filling of SF6 gas for CB up to the ceiling requirement of normally 7.2 Kgf/mm. During the filling of gas, it is checked for gas locked out and gas alarm pressure as noted below. SF6 gas pressure Low Gas locked out (GL) Nominal SF6 gas pressure Gas alarm (GA)

Gas alarm (GA)

Gas locked out (GL)

For R-phase- During the zero SF6 gas, the GL contact will be NO and GA contact will be NC. At the fully filled SF6 gas level, GL contact will be NC and GA contact shall be NO. Continuity is sound during NC contact which shall be checked in R-phase TB- XR1. Date- 26/02/2012 Magnetization balance test and magnetizing current test. (for ICT-1) The magnetizing balance and current test procedure are different for star and delta connected transformer. The test is conducted for star connected transformer, injecting supply on HV side and test read, then inject supply on LV side then test read where tapping out single phase supply (for e.g. Rphase) keeping other two phases open. Hence the voltage is measured across R-N, Y-N & B-N, whereas Vrn= Vyn + Vbn. Magnetizing current is measured using clamp meter on R-phase, approximately 1mA. The test is conducted for delta connected transformer, injecting supply on HV side and test read, then injecting supply on LV side and test read. The R-phase is connected to R-phase MCB and Y-phase is connected to MCB neutral, remaining B-phase is kept open. The voltage is measured across R-Y, Y-B & R-B whereas the Vry= Vyb + Vrb. Magnetizing current is measured in R-phase.

4P MCB(for HV) R Y B N

Transformer-10MVA Y(open) U1 V1 W1 HVN

B(open)

Vrn= Vyn + Vbn (hence the same test is conducted serially for other two opened phases and then the same test is adopted for LV side also)

U1 V1 4P MCB(for HV) R Y B N

W1

B-phase opened

Vry= Vrb + Vyb (The same test is serially conducted for the remaining two opened phases and is adopted for LV side. SF6 Circuit Breaker 1. Conducted CB closing and opening timing using CB operational analyzer kit giving DC supply. The closing time should be not more than 5ms and opening time should be not more than 3.3 ms. 2. DCRM(Dynamic contact resistance measurement) test. Conducted using DC battery kit and CB operational analyzer kit to check for contact resistance check. It is just tested to see the condition of breaker analyzing through graph denoting various parameters viz. closing coil current, tripping coil current, resistance and status of sharp shoot of tripping coil and closing coil current. If it is found sharp shoot, the test is not passed till the graph is normalized. 3. CRM(Contact resistance measurement) test. The test measures the contact resistance during the time of arching operation. The contact resistance should be normally 90 micro ohms and below, shall indicate the contact is proper. 04/03/2013 Relay test- Carried out various test for distance relay, Restricted earth fault relay, differential over current relay. Simens relay uses Digsi manager software and PCM software for ABB relay. Omicron software is used during the testing of relay and generation of fault for relay, where this software is used along with omnicron kit which injects actuating quantities current and voltage to learn about the correct operation and detecting of fault, time delay performed by relay.

REF relay- Uses metro cells which is connected in parallel and rheostat in series, where metro cells control and blocks the voltage and rheostat control and blocks the current. Thereby huge rush of short circuit current and high voltage is limited for the safety of relay. Distance relay- The relay operates based upon the ratio measurement (V/I) where the fault is detected in protected section of line length based on measuring impedance. The protection zone is also divided into four namely Zone-1, 2, 3 and reversed zone. Zone-1: Operating time - 0sec. Zone-3: Operating time- 8 sec. Zone-2: Operating time- 4 sec. Reverse zone: Operating time- 1 sec.

During the relay test, the fault is created by omicron kit through injection of current and voltage to see the correct sensing and operating of relay on time for the specified protected distance. Fault and operation of relay is displayed on the Resistance- reactance diagram for all four zones. PUTT- permissible under reach transfer trip relay shall energise and actuate the relay coil for the zone-1 operating time though the faults occur in zone-2. Time setting for Directional over current relay. (for normal inverse 67/67N ) Time setting=[ Where; =0.02 (Constant) I= Injected fault current Ip= Setted current (0.2Amps) 0.15= Time multiplier setting(TMS) Rated full load current(Ifl)= For 300Amps-------CT sec. current= 1Amps For 26.243Amps= 0.087 Amps (CT sec. current, considering cos=1) 0.087Amps for HV side of the transformer 4370mA for LV side of the transformer considering the same calculation for the above HV side. Actual matching factor= 1.5 (0.087x0.2x1.5)= 1 coil pick up current (0.087x0.2)= 3 coil pick up current Transformer 87T relay operates both the function for HVRef + SEF protection along with differential protection. 14/03/2013 Line Distance Protection 21.1(main 1) & 21.2 (main 2)

SOTF(Switch on to fault) trip The SOFT trip occurs only during the time of breaker switching, whereas its considered to be a temporary fault and if the fault persist further the SOTF relay trips and SOTF LED glows. Settings.... Voltage----------60% Current---------20% .:. 0.6x 63.51= 38.106V 0.2x 1= 0.2A As the voltage drops and the current rises in respect to the above values, the relay gives trip command to the breaker and breaker gets tripped. Directional Earth fault---for normal inverse status TMS (Tp) setted at 0.73sec Ip setting= 0.2 A Injecting current= 2x 0.2= 0.4A The above two operational settings are for the distance relay. If the above fault occurs then respectively the above LED blinks. 87T Relay The LED glows w.r.t to the below operational settings. V/F setting V/F= 63.51/50= 1.27 Setting= 1.4 1.27x 1.4= 1.778 1.778= V/F V=Fx 1.778= 50x 1.778= 88.9V F= 63.51/1.778= 35.71Hz The LED glows and relay trips if the above values varies so from the respective normal data. i.e V=63.51V & F=50Hz Harmonic inrush 15% for 2nd harmonic and 30% for 5th harmonics. Where I2= Secondary current (LV) I1= Secondary current (HV)

I2/I1= 15% or less and 30% or less for the respective harmonics settings. Relay gets tripped if the percentage gets exceed the above prescribed percentage and relay won't operate if the above percentage is below the above the setted percentage. Distance Protection relay PUTT- Following the eventual line fault detected in zone-2, the substation-1 does trip in the zone-1 timing after receiving carrier signal from substation-2. Thereby in receiving the carrier from substation-2, LED in relay 21 does not glow unless the carrier is transmitted from substation-1. Due to the fact that the 20% of the line seen from S/s-1, the zone-1 protection falls for S/s-2, hence S/s-2 transmit carrier signal for instantaneous tripping. Hence the tripping time shall be reduced for the cause of reliability of transmission line. 80% 20%

S/s-1

S/s-2

Power Swing- It is so-called temporary power surges due to over loading of power transformer and rotor slip of generator due to fast reversing of rotor during the time of shutting down of a generator. The relay sense that the power swing cause due to ramping of voltage (dV/dt) and ramping of current (dI/dt)... which the summation of two ramping parameters gives rise to the ramping of impedance in the transmission line. There by relay sense it to be a temporary fault in the power system and it will just block the various setted zone, letting the power continuity through. Whereby the relay does not get tripped operated. Fuse Failure relay- The fuse failure relay gives annunciation and gets operated if the fuse inside CVT fails in one of the secondary phase till control panel, though the CT secondary phases are correctly operated the FFR gets operated. This is due to the drop in voltage or zero in voltage in one of the CVT secondary phase. The FFR gets operated if the actuating quantity particularly in voltage is so droped due to any wire/ fuse malfunction, though the line till bus is charged and in healthy status. The jurisdiction of FFR is from CVT secondary till the control panel. Directional Earth fault- The Directional earth fault relay do sense if any one or more of the phases in transmission gets earth fault. During the course of earth fault, say R- phase its voltage will be zero or too low which thereby it forms a path for neutral current. Hence the current will arise in R phase of a line and the remaining two Y & B phase will be having zero current. Thus due neutral current flowing, the current in the relay gets imbalance and relay gets trip operated. R-phase- 0V, IL(1)- 2A Y-phase- 63.51V, IL(2)- 0A B-phase- 63.51V IL(3)- 0A

CVT Ratio test. Voltage at the secondary core (1a-1n)=

= CT Ratio test.

(Let Primary injected voltage= 1100v)

Current at the secondary core (1s1-1s2)= Transformer Differential stability test. Direction of power flow LV

HV

Relay

DCRM Test for the SF6 Circuit Breaker. During the DCRM test, following important factors are to be noted: Contact travel timing. Contact travel distance. Dynamic and Static contact resistance. Pole mis-match.

Contact travel distance for 220kV CB is specified at 130mm with the tolerance of +2mm and -5mm is accountable. Contact resistance should be below 100 is the acceptable limit as per the required standard. Dynamic contact resistance is more important to trace the contact resistance as compared to the static contact resistance, since dynamic resistance is measured at the first stable position of the contact for close-open operation, whereas static resistance is measured always at the time of stable position of the contact after the contact is fully closed. Therefore dynamic resistance will be always more as compared to the static resistance. Pole mis-match should be considered important for maintaining equal voltage induced and current flowing through respective pole. Pole mis-match is considered 5ms or less for closing operation and 3.3ms or less for opening operation. While conducting DCRM, first the contact travel signature should be conducted via single normal closing operation using transducer. The rated resistance of transducer is 6k but while testing should be setted at 3k between L-E terminals. In practical three terminals are connected L,N & E. The resistance between rest of the terminal should be half of 3k. Note that the, DCRM test shall be operated only for C-O operation whereas timing test shall be operated for only O-C operation considering the importance of auto-reclose.

The picture below shows the connection in the DCRM kit for testing the CB contact operation.

Terminals to be connected on DCRM kit to the CB MB: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Source 1- (CLS & TRP 1)--- X1-118 (in the same TB link) Source 2- (CLS & TRP 2)--- X1-119 (in the same TB link) Closing coil (C-)--- X1-24 (shorting not required for three phases, is shorted internally) Tripping coil 1 (C-)--- X1-40 (short at X1-40-41-42 externally) Tripping coil 2 (C-)--- X1-52 (short at X1-52-53-54 externally) C+ & CH1 C+, T1+ & CH2 C+ are shorted for Trip 1. C+ & CH1 C+, T2+ & CH3 C+ are shorted for Trip 2.

Surge Monitor test on Lightning Arrester. Surge monitor test is so conducted using auto transformer and 5kV step-up transformer. The output voltage link of the step up transformer is connected to the surge monitor gauge meter giving input voltage of 40V to the surge gauge. while giving the voltage, the monitor meter should deflect towards the right of the scale and the counter should read in an increasing order. If the counter reads in an decreasing order the surge meter is found to be not working and ultimately the meter should be changed. Isolator Interlock operation for all bays. Page no: RB6 For 89B close interlock coil (It pick only I/C, if u wish u can close 89B or u can keep it open) *** All bays 89C should be in open condition and TTX should not be operated. Page no: RB5 For 89C Interlock

***All bays 89B should open and bay in normal mode and operate the TTX circuit. (NE1 for line). Then Interlock gets satisfied.