Mathproblems

Volume 1 Issue 1(2010), Pages 1-3.

Editors: Valmir Krasniqi, Jose Luis Daz-Barrero, Ovidiu Furdui, Enkel Hysnelaj,
Paolo Perfetti, Armend Sh.Shabani, David R.Stone

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Proposals and solutions must be legible and should appear on separate sheets, each
indicating the name of the sender. Drawings must be suitable for reproduction.
Proposals should be accompanied by solutions. An asterisk (*) indicates that nei-
ther the proposer nor the editors have supplied a solution. The editors encourage
undergraduate and pre-college students to submit solutions. Teachers can help by
assisting their students in submitting solutions. Student solutions should include
the class and school name. Solutions will be evaluated for publication by a com-
mittee of professors according to a combination of criteria. Questions concerning
proposals and/or solutions can be sent by e-mail to: mathproblems-ks@hotmail.com
Solutions to the problems stated in this issue should arrive before
18. 12 . 2010
Problems
1. Proposed by Valmir Krasniqi, Department of Mathematics, University of Prish-
tina, Republic of Kosova. Let be f : (0, ) R. Show that the function g(x) =
f
_
1
x
_
is convex in (0, ), if and only if the function h(x) = xf(x) is convex in
(0, ).
2. Proposed by Jose Luis Daz-Barrero, Polytechnical University of Catalonia,
Barcelona, Spain. Find all ntuples (x
1
, x
2
, . . . , x
n
) of real numbers such that
x
2
1
+
_
x
2
2
+ 7 =
_
x
2
2
+ 160,
x
2
2
+
_
x
2
3
+ 7 =
_
x
2
3
+ 160,
. . . . . .
x
2
n1
+
_
x
2
n
+ 7 =
_
x
2
n
+ 160,
x
2
n
+
_
x
2
1
+ 7 =
_
x
2
1
+ 160.
_

_
3. Proposed by Jose Luis Daz-Barrero, Polytechnical University of Catalonia,
Barcelona, Spain. Let a
1
, a
2
, . . . , a
n
be n positive real numbers and let k m be
c 2010 Mathproblems (ISSN:*****), Prishtine, Kosove.
1
2
positive integers. Prove that
n

i=1
F
2
i
a
m
i

1
F
n
F
n+1
_
n

i=1
F
2
i
a
k
i
__
n

i=1
F
2
i
a
mk
i
_
,
where F
n
is the n
th
Fibonacci number dened by F
0
= 0, F
1
= 1, and for all
n 2, F
n
= F
n1
+ F
n2
.
4. Proposed by Paolo Perfetti, Department of Mathematics, Tor Vergata University,
Rome, Italy. Let x, y be positive real numbers. Prove that
2xy
x + y
+
_
x
2
+ y
2
2

xy +
x + y
2
+
(
x+y
2
L(x, y))
2
x+y
2
,
where L(x, y) = (x y)/(ln(x) ln(y)) if x = y and L(x, x) = x.
5. Proposed by Paolo Perfetti, Department of Mathematics, Tor Vergata University,
Rome, Italy. Let [a] be the integer part of a. Evaluate
_
1
0
_
1x
0
dxdy
__
x
y
_
+ 1
_
2
6. Proposed by Paolo Perfetti, Department of Mathematics, Tor Vergata University,
Rome, Italy. Let {a
k
}
k1
be a sequence of real positive numbers. Dene S
n
=

n
k=1
a
k
. Prove that if a
k+1
a
k
e
a
k+1
then
lim
n+
na
n
e
Sn
= 0
7. Proposed by Ovidiu Furdui and Alina Sntamarian, Cluj, Rumania. Let k 1
and p 2 be positive integers and let (x
n
)
nN
be a sequence of positive numbers
such that lim
n
xn
p

n
= L > 0. Find the value of,
lim
n
x
n
+ x
n+1
+ + x
kn
nx
n
.
3

MATHCONTEST SECTION

This section of the Journal oers readers an opportunity to solve interesting and ele-
gant mathematical problems mainly appeared in Math Contest around the world
and most appropriate for training Math Olympiads. Proposals are always wel-
comed. The source of the proposals will appear when the solutions be published.
Proposals
1. Let n be an even positive integer. Find all triples (x, y, z) of real numbers such
that
x
n
y + y
n
z + z
n
x = xy
n
+ yz
n
+ zx
n
2. Let A
1
, A
2
, . . . , A
n
be the vertices of a cyclic ngon P. Suppose that the lengths
of the sides of P satisfy the inequalities A
n
A
1
> A
1
A
2
> A
2
A
3
> . . . > A
n1
A
n
.
Prove that

A
1
<

A
2
<

A
3
< <

A
n1
and

A
n1
>

A
n
>

A
1
, where

A
i
, 1 i
n, are the interior angles of P.
3. Let m
a
, m
b
, m
c
and R be the medians and the circum-radius of a triangle ABC.
Prove that
m
2
a
+ m
2
b
+ m
2
c
R
2
(sin
2
A + sin
2
B + sin
2
C)
is a positive integer and determine its value.
4. Given 5 points of a sphere of radius r, show that two of the points are a distance
less than or equal to r

2 apart.
5. Let n be a positive integer. Prove that
F
4
n
F
4
n+1

_
n

k=1
F
k
F
2k
__
n

k=1
F
2
k
3

L
k
_
3
where F
n
and L
n
are the n
th
Fibonacci and Lucas numbers respectively.