From: http://physics.nist.

gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Extensive Listing

Quantity

Symbol

Value

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

UNIVERSAL

0

299 792 458

4 107
= 12.566 370 614... 107
8.854 187 817... 1012

m s1
N A2
N A2
F m1

(exact)
(exact)

Z0

376.730 313 461...

(exact)

G
G/hc
h

6.6742(10) 1011
6.7087(10) 1039
6.626 0693(11) 1034
4.135 667 43(35) 1015
1.054 571 68(18) 1034
6.582 119 15(56) 1016
197.326 968(17)

m3 kg1 s2
(GeV/c2 )2
Js
eV s
Js
eV s
MeV fm

1.5 104
1.5 104
1.7 107
8.5 108
1.7 107
8.5 108
8.5 108

2.176 45(16) 108

1.416 79(11) 1032
1.616 24(12) 1035
5.391 21(40) 1044

kg
K
m
s

7.5 105
7.5 105
7.5 105
7.5 105

speed of light in vacuum

magnetic constant

c, c0
0

electric constant 1/0 c2

characteristicpimpedance
of vacuum 0 /0 = 0 c
Newtonian constant
of gravitation
Planck constant
in eV s
h/2
in eV s
hc in Mev fm

Planck mass (
hc/G)1/2
Planck temperature (
hc5 /G)1/2 /k
Planck length h/mP c = (
hG/c3 )1/2
Planck time lP /c = (hG/c5 )1/2

mP
TP
lP
tP

(exact)

ELECTROMAGNETIC
elementary charge

e
e/h

1.602 176 53(14) 1019

2.417 989 40(21) 1014

C
A J1

8.5 108
8.5 108

magnetic flux quantum h/2e

conductance quantum 2e2/h
inverse of conductance quantum
Josephson constant1 2e/h
von Klitzing constant2
h/e2 = 0 c/2

0
G0
G1
0
KJ

2.067 833 72(18) 1015

7.748 091 733(26) 105
12 906.403 725(43)
483 597.879(41) 109

Wb
S

Hz V1

8.5 108
3.3 109
3.3 109
8.5 108

RK

25 812.807 449(86)

3.3 109

Bohr magneton e
h/2me
in eV T1

927.400 949(80) 1026

5.788 381 804(39) 105
13.996 2458(12) 109
46.686 4507(40)
0.671 7131(12)

J T1
eV T1
Hz T1
m1 T1
K T1

8.6 108
6.7 109
8.6 108
8.6 108
1.8 106

5.050 783 43(43) 1027

3.152 451 259(21) 108
7.622 593 71(65)
2.542 623 58(22) 102
3.658 2637(64) 104

J T1
eV T1
MHz T1
m1 T1
K T1

8.6 108
6.7 109
8.6 108
8.6 108
1.8 106

B /h
B /hc
B /k
nuclear magneton e
h/2mp
in eV T1

N
N /h
N /hc
N /k

ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR

General

Page 1

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Extensive Listing

Quantity

Symbol

Value

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

fine-structure constant e2/40

hc
inverse fine-structure constant

7.297 352 568(24) 103

137.035 999 11(46)

Rydberg constant 2 me c/2h

R
R c
R hc

10 973 731.568 525(73)

3.289 841 960 360(22) 1015
2.179 872 09(37) 1018
13.605 6923(12)

m1
Hz
J
eV

6.6 1012
6.6 1012
1.7 107
8.5 108

a0

0.529 177 2108(18) 1010

3.3 109

Eh

4.359 744 17(75) 1018

27.211 3845(23)
3.636 947 550(24) 104
7.273 895 101(48) 104

J
eV
m2 s1
m2 s1

1.7 107
8.5 108
6.7 109
6.7 109

GeV2

8.6 106

R hc in eV
Bohr radius /4R = 40
h2/me e2
2
Hartree energy e /40 a0 = 2R hc
= 2 me c2
in eV
quantum of circulation

h/2me
h/me

3.3 109
3.3 109

Electroweak
Fermi coupling constant3
weak mixing angle4 W (on-shell scheme)
sin2 W = s2W 1 (mW /mZ )2

GF /(
hc)3

1.166 39(1) 105

sin2 W

0.222 15(76)

3.4 103

Electron, e
9.109 3826(16) 1031

kg

1.7 107

me c

5.485 799 0945(24) 104

8.187 1047(14) 1014
0.510 998 918(44)

u
J
MeV

4.4 1010
1.7 107
8.6 108

electron-muon mass ratio

electron-tau mass ratio
electron-proton mass ratio
electron-neutron mass ratio
electron-deuteron mass ratio
electron to alpha particle mass ratio

me /m
me /m
me /mp
me /mn
me /md
me /m

4.836 331 67(13) 103

2.875 64(47) 104
5.446 170 2173(25) 104
5.438 673 4481(38) 104
2.724 437 1095(13) 104
1.370 933 555 75(61) 104

electron charge to mass quotient

electron molar mass NA me
Compton wavelength h/me c
C /2 = a0 = 2/4R
classical electron radius 2 a0
Thomson cross section (8/3)re2

e/me
M (e), Me
C
C
re
e

1.758 820 12(15) 1011

5.485 799 0945(24) 107
2.426 310 238(16) 1012
386.159 2678(26) 1015
2.817 940 325(28) 1015
0.665 245 873(13) 1028

C kg1
kg mol1
m
m
m
m2

8.6 108
4.4 1010
6.7 109
6.7 109
1.0 108
2.0 108

electron magnetic moment

to Bohr magneton ratio
to nuclear magneton ratio
electron magnetic moment
anomaly |e |/B 1
electron g-factor 2(1 + ae )

e
e /B
e /N

928.476 412(80) 1026

1.001 159 652 1859(38)
1838.281 971 07(85)

J T1

8.6 108
3.8 1012
4.6 1010

ae
ge

1.159 652 1859(38) 103

2.002 319 304 3718(75)

electron mass
in u, me = Ar (e) u (electron
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent
in MeV

Page 2

me
2

2.6 108
1.6 104
4.6 1010
7.0 1010
4.8 1010
4.4 1010

3.2 109
3.8 1012

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Extensive Listing

Quantity

Symbol

electron-muon
magnetic moment ratio
electron-proton
magnetic moment ratio
electron to shielded proton
magnetic moment ratio
(H2 O, sphere, 25 C)
electron-neutron
magnetic moment ratio
electron-deuteron
magnetic moment ratio
electron to shielded helion5
magnetic moment ratio
(gas, sphere, 25 C)
electron gyromagnetic ratio 2|e |/
h

Value

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

e /

206.766 9894(54)

2.6 108

e /p

658.210 6862(66)

1.0 108

e /0p

658.227 5956(71)

1.1 108

e /n

960.920 50(23)

2.4 107

e /d

2143.923 493(23)

1.1 108

e /0h

864.058 255(10)

1.2 108

e
e /2

1.760 859 74(15) 1011

28 024.9532(24)

s1 T1
MHz T1

8.6 108
8.6 108

1.883 531 40(33) 1028

kg

1.7 107

m c

0.113 428 9264(30)

1.692 833 60(29) 1011
105.658 3692(94)

u
J
MeV

2.6 108
1.7 107
8.9 108

muon-electron mass ratio

muon-tau mass ratio
muon-proton mass ratio
muon-neutron mass ratio
muon molar mass NA m

m /me
m /m
m /mp
m /mn
M (), M

206.768 2838(54)
5.945 92(97) 102
0.112 609 5269(29)
0.112 454 5175(29)
0.113 428 9264(30) 103

kg mol1

2.6 108
1.6 104
2.6 108
2.6 108
2.6 108

muon Compton wavelength h/m c

C, /2
muon magnetic moment
to Bohr magneton ratio
to nuclear magneton ratio

C,
C,

/B
/N

11.734 441 05(30) 1015

1.867 594 298(47) 1015
4.490 447 99(40) 1026
4.841 970 45(13) 103
8.890 596 98(23)

a
g

1.165 919 81(62) 103

2.002 331 8396(12)

5.3 107
6.2 1010

/p

3.183 345 118(89)

2.8 108

Muon,
muon mass
in u, m = Ar () u (muon
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent
in MeV

muon magnetic moment anomaly

| |/(eh/2m ) 1
muon g-factor 2(1 + a )
muon-proton
magnetic moment ratio

m
2

m
m
J T1

2.5 108
2.5 108
8.9 108
2.6 108
2.6 108

Tau,
tau mass6
in u, m = Ar () u (tau
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent

Page 3

m
2

m c

3.167 77(52) 1027

kg

1.6 104

1.907 68(31)
2.847 05(46) 1010

u
J

1.6 104
1.6 104

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Extensive Listing

Quantity

Symbol

Value
1776.99(29)

in MeV

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

MeV

1.6 104

tau-electron mass ratio

tau-muon mass ratio
tau-proton mass ratio
tau-neutron mass ratio
tau molar mass NA m

m /me
m /m
m /mp
m /mn
M (), M

3477.48(57)
16.8183(27)
1.893 90(31)
1.891 29(31)
1.907 68(31) 103

kg mol1

1.6 104
1.6 104
1.6 104
1.6 104
1.6 104

tau Compton wavelength h/m c

C, /2

C,
C,

0.697 72(11) 1015

0.111 046(18) 1015

m
m

1.6 104
1.6 104

1.672 621 71(29) 1027

kg

1.7 107

u
J
MeV

1.3 1010
1.7 107
8.6 108

C kg1
kg mol1

4.6 1010
2.6 108
1.6 104
5.8 1010
8.6 108
1.3 1010

Proton, p
proton mass
in u, mp = Ar (p) u (proton
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent
in MeV

mp

mp c

1.007 276 466 88(13)

1.503 277 43(26) 1010
938.272 029(80)

proton-electron mass ratio

proton-muon mass ratio
proton-tau mass ratio
proton-neutron mass ratio
proton charge to mass quotient
proton molar mass NA mp

mp /me
mp /m
mp /m
mp /mn
e/mp
M (p), Mp

1836.152 672 61(85)

8.880 243 33(23)
0.528 012(86)
0.998 623 478 72(58)
9.578 833 76(82) 107
1.007 276 466 88(13) 103

proton Compton wavelength h/mp c

C,p /2
proton rms charge radius
proton magnetic moment
to Bohr magneton ratio
to nuclear magneton ratio

C,p
C,p
Rp
p
p /B
p /N

1.321 409 8555(88) 1015

0.210 308 9104(14) 1015
0.8750(68) 1015
1.410 606 71(12) 1026
1.521 032 206(15) 103
2.792 847 351(28)

proton g-factor 2p /N
proton-neutron
magnetic moment ratio
shielded proton magnetic moment
(H2 O, sphere, 25 C)
to Bohr magneton ratio
to nuclear magneton ratio
proton magnetic shielding
correction 1 0p /p
(H2 O, sphere, 25 C)

gp

5.585 694 701(56)

p /n
0p

1.459 898 05(34)

1.410 570 47(12) 1026

0p /B
0p /N

1.520 993 132(16) 103

2.792 775 604(30)

1.1 108
1.1 108

p0

25.689(15) 106

5.7 104

p
p /2

2.675 222 05(23) 108

42.577 4813(37)

s1 T1
MHz T1

8.6 108
8.6 108

p0

2.675 153 33(23) 108

s1 T1

8.6 108

proton gyromagnetic ratio 2p /

h
shielded proton gyromagnetic
ratio 20p /h
(H2 O, sphere, 25 C)

Page 4

m
m
m
J T1

6.7 109
6.7 109
7.8 103
8.7 108
1.0 108
1.0 108
1.0 108

JT

2.4 107
8.7 108

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Extensive Listing

Quantity

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

MHz T1

8.6 108

1.674 927 28(29) 1027

kg

1.7 107

u
J
MeV

5.5 1010
1.7 107
8.6 108

kg mol1

7.0 1010
2.6 108
1.6 104
5.8 1010
5.5 1010

Symbol

Value

p0 /2

42.576 3875(37)
Neutron, n

neutron mass
in u, mn = Ar (n) u (neutron
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent
in MeV

mn

mn c

1.008 664 915 60(55)

1.505 349 57(26) 1010
939.565 360(81)

neutron-electron mass ratio

neutron-muon mass ratio
neutron-tau mass ratio
neutron-proton mass ratio
neutron molar mass NA mn

mn /me
mn /m
mn /m
mn /mp
M (n), Mn

1838.683 6598(13)
8.892 484 02(23)
0.528 740(86)
1.001 378 418 70(58)
1.008 664 915 60(55) 103

neutron Compton wavelength h/mn c

C,n /2
neutron magnetic moment
to Bohr magneton ratio
to nuclear magneton ratio

C,n
C,n
n
n /B
n /N

1.319 590 9067(88) 1015

0.210 019 4157(14) 1015
0.966 236 45(24) 1026
1.041 875 63(25) 103
1.913 042 73(45)

neutron g-factor 2n /N
neutron-electron
magnetic moment ratio
neutron-proton
magnetic moment ratio
neutron to shielded proton
magnetic moment ratio
(H2 O, sphere, 25 C)
neutron gyromagnetic ratio 2|n |/h

gn

3.826 085 46(90)

2.4 107

n /e

1.040 668 82(25) 103

2.4 107

n /p

0.684 979 34(16)

2.4 107

n /0p

0.684 996 94(16)

2.4 107

n
n /2

1.832 471 83(46) 108

29.164 6950(73)

m
m
J T1

6.7 109
6.7 109
2.5 107
2.4 107
2.4 107

s1 T1
MHz T1

2.5 107
2.5 107

3.343 583 35(57) 1027

kg

1.7 107

u
J
MeV

1.7 1010
1.7 107
8.6 108

kg mol1

4.8 1010
2.0 1010
1.7 1010

Deuteron, d
deuteron mass
in u, md = Ar (d) u (deuteron
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent
in MeV

md

md c

2.013 553 212 70(35)

3.005 062 85(51) 1010
1875.612 82(16)

deuteron-electron mass ratio

deuteron-proton mass ratio
deuteron molar mass NA md

md /me
md /mp
M (d), Md

3670.482 9652(18)
1.999 007 500 82(41)
2.013 553 212 70(35) 103

deuteron rms charge radius

deuteron magnetic moment
to Bohr magneton ratio
to nuclear magneton ratio

Rd
d
d /B
d /N

2.1394(28) 1015
0.433 073 482(38) 1026
0.466 975 4567(50) 103
0.857 438 2329(92)

Page 5

m
J T1

1.3 103
8.7 108
1.1 108
1.1 108

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Extensive Listing

Quantity

Symbol

deuteron-electron
magnetic moment ratio
deuteron-proton
magnetic moment ratio
deuteron-neutron
magnetic moment ratio

Value

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

d /e

4.664 345 548(50) 104

1.1 108

d /p

0.307 012 2084(45)

1.5 108

d /n

0.448 206 52(11)

2.4 107

Helion, h
5.006 412 14(86) 1027

kg

1.7 107

mh c

3.014 932 2434(58)

4.499 538 84(77) 1010
2808.391 42(24)

u
J
MeV

1.9 109
1.7 107
8.6 108

mh /me
mh /mp
M (h), Mh
0h

5495.885 269(11)
2.993 152 6671(58)
3.014 932 2434(58) 103
1.074 553 024(93) 1026

kg mol1
J T1

2.0 109
1.9 109
1.9 109
8.7 108

0h /B
0h /N

1.158 671 474(14) 103

2.127 497 723(25)

1.2 108
1.2 108

0h /p

0.761 766 562(12)

1.5 108

0h /0p

0.761 786 1313(33)

4.3 109

h0

2.037 894 70(18) 108

s1 T1

8.7 108

h0 /2

32.434 1015(28)

MHz T1

8.7 108

6.644 6565(11) 1027

kg

1.7 107

m c

4.001 506 179 149(56)

5.971 9194(10) 1010
3727.379 17(32)

u
J
MeV

1.4 1011
1.7 107
8.6 108

m /me
m /mp
M (), M

7294.299 5363(32)
3.972 599 689 07(52)
4.001 506 179 149(56) 103

kg mol1

4.4 1010
1.3 1010
1.4 1011

helion mass5
in u, mh = Ar (h) u (helion
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent
in MeV

mh

helion-electron mass ratio

helion-proton mass ratio
helion molar mass NA mh
shielded helion magnetic moment
(gas, sphere, 25 C)
to Bohr magneton ratio
to nuclear magneton ratio
shielded helion to proton
magnetic moment ratio
(gas, sphere, 25 C)
shielded helion to shielded proton
magnetic moment ratio
(gas/H2 O, spheres, 25 C)
shielded helion gyromagnetic
ratio 2|0h |/h
(gas, sphere, 25 C)

Alpha particle,
alpha particle mass
in u, m = Ar () u (alpha particle
relative atomic mass times u)
energy equivalent
in MeV
alpha particle to electron mass ratio
alpha particle to proton mass ratio
alpha particle molar mass NA m

m
2

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL
Avogadro constant
atomic mass constant
1
mu = 12
m(12 C) = 1 u

Page 6

NA , L

6.022 1415(10) 1023

mol1

1.7 107

mu

1.660 538 86(28) 1027

kg

1.7 107

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Extensive Listing

Quantity

Symbol

= 103 kg mol1/NA
energy equivalent
in MeV
Faraday constant7 NA e

1.7 107
8.6 108
8.6 108

k/h
k/hc

3.990 312 716(27) 1010

0.119 626 565 72(80)
8.314 472(15)
1.380 6505(24) 1023
8.617 343(15) 105
2.083 6644(36) 1010
69.503 56(12)

J s mol1
J m mol1
J mol1 K1
J K1
eV K1
Hz K1
m1 K1

6.7 109
6.7 109
1.7 106
1.8 106
1.8 106
1.7 106
1.7 106

Vm
n0
Vm

22.413 996(39) 103

2.686 7773(47) 1025
22.710 981(40) 103

m3 mol1
m3
m3 mol1

1.7 106
1.8 106
1.7 106

S0 /R

1.151 7047(44)
1.164 8677(44)

c1
c1L
c2

5.670 400(40) 108

3.741 771 38(64) 1016
1.191 042 82(20) 1016
1.438 7752(25) 102

W m2 K4
W m2
W m2 sr1
mK

7.0 106
1.7 107
1.7 107
1.7 106

2.897 7685(51) 103

mK

1.7 106

NA h
NA hc
R
k

molar volume of ideal gas RT /p

T = 273.15 K, p = 101.325 kPa
Loschmidt constant NA /Vm
T = 273.15 K, p = 100 kPa
Sackur-Tetrode constant
(absolute entropy constant)8
5
2 3/2
kT1 /p0 ]
2 + ln[(2mu kT1 /h )
T1 = 1 K, p0 = 100 kPa
T1 = 1 K, p0 = 101.325 kPa
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
(2 /60)k 4/h3 c2
first radiation constant 2hc2
first radiation constant for spectral radiance 2hc2
second radiation constant hc/k
Wien displacement law constant
b = max T = c2 /4.965 114 231...

Relative std.
uncert. ur

J
MeV
C mol1

molar gas constant

Boltzmann constant R/NA
in eV K1

Unit

1.492 417 90(26) 1010

931.494 043(80)
96 485.3383(83)

mu c2

molar Planck constant

Value

3.8 106
3.8 106

See the Adopted values table for the conventional value adopted internationally for realizing representations of the volt using the Josephson effect.
2
See the Adopted values table for the conventional value adopted internationally for realizing representations of the ohm using the quantum Hall
effect.
3
Value recommended by the Particle Data Group (Hagiwara, et al., 2002).
4
Based on the ratio of the masses of the W and Z bosons mW /mZ recommended by the Particle Data Group (Hagiwara, et al., 2002). The value for
sin2 W they recommend, which is based on a particular variant of the modified minimal subtraction (MS) scheme, is sin2 W (MZ ) = 0.231 24(24).
5
The helion, symbol h, is the nucleus of the 3 He atom.
6
This and all other values involving m are based on the value of m c2 in MeV recommended by the Particle Data Group, (Hagiwara, et al.,
2002), but with a standard uncertainty of 0.29 MeV rather than the quoted uncertainty of 0.26 MeV, +0.29 MeV.
7
The numerical value of F to be used in coulometric chemical measurements is 96 485.336(16) [1.7 107 ] when the relevant current is measured in terms of representations of the volt and ohm based on the Josephson and quantum Hall effects and the internationally adopted conventional
values of the Josephson and von Klitzing constants KJ90 and RK90 given in the Adopted values table.
8
The entropy of an ideal monoatomic gas of relative atomic mass Ar is given by S = S0 + 23 R ln Ar R ln(p/p0 ) + 52 R ln(T /K). 9 The
relative atomic mass Ar (X) of particle X with mass m(X) is defined by Ar (X) = m(X)/mu , where mu = m(12 C)/12 = Mu /NA = 1 u is the
atomic mass constant, NA is the Avogadro constant, and u is the atomic mass unit. Thus the mass of particle X in u is m(X) = Ar (X) u and the
molar mass of X is M (X) = Ar (X)Mu .

Page 7

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

10

This is the value adopted internationally for realizing representations of the volt using the Josephson effect.
This is the value adopted internationally for realizing representations of the ohm using the quantum Hall effect. a This is the lattice parameter
(unit cell edge length) of an ideal single crystal of naturally occurring Si free of impurities and imperfections, and is deduced from measurements
on extremely pure and nearly perfect single crystals of Si by correcting for the effects of impurities.
11

Page 8

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Universal constants

Quantity

Symbol

0

(exact)
(exact)

Z0

376.730 313 461...

(exact)

G
G/
hc
h

6.6742(10) 1011
6.7087(10) 1039
6.626 0693(11) 1034
4.135 667 43(35) 1015
1.054 571 68(18) 1034
6.582 119 15(56) 1016
197.326 968(17)

m3 kg1 s2
(GeV/c2 )2
Js
eV s
Js
eV s
MeV fm

1.5 104
1.5 104
1.7 107
8.5 108
1.7 107
8.5 108
8.5 108

2.176 45(16) 108

1.416 79(11) 1032
1.616 24(12) 1035
5.391 21(40) 1044

kg
K
m
s

7.5 105
7.5 105
7.5 105
7.5 105

electric constant 1/0 c2

characteristicpimpedance
of vacuum 0 /0 = 0 c

Planck mass (
hc/G)1/2
Planck temperature (
hc5 /G)1/2 /k
Planck length h/mP c = (
hG/c3 )1/2
Planck time lP /c = (hG/c5 )1/2

Page 1

Relative std.
uncert. ur

m s1
N A2
N A2
F m1

c, c0
0

Planck constant
in eV s
h/2
in eV s
hc in Mev fm

Unit

299 792 458

4 107
= 12.566 370 614... 107
8.854 187 817... 1012

speed of light in vacuum

magnetic constant

Newtonian constant
of gravitation

Value

mP
TP
lP
tP

(exact)

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Frequently used constants

Quantity

Symbol

Value

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

0

299 792 458

4 107
= 12.566 370 614... 107
8.854 187 817... 1012

m s1
N A2
N A2
F m1

(exact)
(exact)

6.6742(10) 1011

m3 kg1 s2

1.5 104

Planck constant
h/2
elementary charge
magnetic flux quantum h/2e
conductance quantum 2e2/h

h
h

e
0
G0

6.626 0693(11) 1034

1.054 571 68(18) 1034
1.602 176 53(14) 1019
2.067 833 72(18) 1015
7.748 091 733(26) 105

Js
Js
C
Wb
S

1.7 107
1.7 107
8.5 108
8.5 108
3.3 109

electron mass
proton mass
proton-electron mass ratio
hc
fine-structure constant e2/40
inverse fine-structure constant

me
mp
mp /me

9.109 3826(16) 1031

1.672 621 71(29) 1027
1836.152 672 61(85)
7.297 352 568(24) 103
137.035 999 11(46)

kg
kg

1.7 107
1.7 107
4.6 1010
3.3 109
3.3 109

Rydberg constant 2 me c/2h

Avogadro constant
Faraday constant NA e
molar gas constant
Boltzmann constant R/NA
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
(2 /60)k 4/h3 c2

R
NA , L
F
R
k

10 973 731.568 525(73)

6.022 1415(10) 1023
96 485.3383(83)
8.314 472(15)
1.380 6505(24) 1023

m1
mol1
C mol1
J mol1 K1
J K1

6.6 1012
1.7 107
8.6 108
1.7 106
1.8 106

5.670 400(40) 108

W m2 K4

7.0 106

speed of light in vacuum

magnetic constant

c, c0
0

electric constant 1/0 c2

Newtonian constant
of gravitation

(exact)

Non-SI units accepted for use with the SI

electron volt: (e/C) J
(unified) atomic mass unit
1
1 u = mu = 12
m(12 C)
= 103 kg mol1/NA

Page 1

eV

1.602 176 53(14) 1019

8.5 108

1.660 538 86(28) 1027

kg

1.7 107

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Adopted values

Quantity
molar mass of 12 C
molar mass constant1 M (12 C)/12
conventional value of Josephson
constant2
conventional value of von Klitzing
constant3
standard atmosphere
standard acceleration of gravity

Relative std.
uncert. ur

Symbol

Value

Unit

M (12 C)
Mu

12 103
1 103

kg mol1
kg mol1

(exact)
(exact)

KJ90

483 597.9

GHz V1

(exact)

RK90

25 812.807
101 325
9.806 65

Pa
m s2

(exact)
(exact)
(exact)

gn

The relative atomic mass Ar (X) of particle X with mass m(X) is defined by Ar (X) = m(X)/mu , where mu = m(12 C)/12 = Mu /NA = 1 u
is the atomic mass constant, NA is the Avogadro constant, and u is the atomic mass unit. Thus the mass of particle X in u is m(X) = Ar (X) u and
the molar mass of X is M (X) = Ar (X)Mu .
2
This is the value adopted internationally for realizing representations of the volt using the Josephson effect.
3
This is the value adopted internationally for realizing representations of the ohm using the quantum Hall effect.

Page 1

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Electromagnetic constants

Quantity

Symbol

Value

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

elementary charge

e
e/h

1.602 176 53(14) 1019

2.417 989 40(21) 1014

C
A J1

8.5 108
8.5 108

magnetic flux quantum h/2e

conductance quantum 2e2/h
inverse of conductance quantum
Josephson constant1 2e/h
von Klitzing constant2
h/e2 = 0 c/2

0
G0
G1
0
KJ

2.067 833 72(18) 1015

7.748 091 733(26) 105
12 906.403 725(43)
483 597.879(41) 109

Wb
S

Hz V1

8.5 108
3.3 109
3.3 109
8.5 108

RK

25 812.807 449(86)

3.3 109

Bohr magneton eh/2me

in eV T1

927.400 949(80) 1026

5.788 381 804(39) 105
13.996 2458(12) 109
46.686 4507(40)
0.671 7131(12)

J T1
eV T1
Hz T1
m1 T1
K T1

8.6 108
6.7 109
8.6 108
8.6 108
1.8 106

5.050 783 43(43) 1027

3.152 451 259(21) 108
7.622 593 71(65)
2.542 623 58(22) 102
3.658 2637(64) 104

J T1
eV T1
MHz T1
m1 T1
K T1

8.6 108
6.7 109
8.6 108
8.6 108
1.8 106

B /h
B /hc
B /k
nuclear magneton eh/2mp
in eV T1

N
N /h
N /hc
N /k

See the Adopted values table for the conventional value adopted internationally for realizing representations of the volt using the Josephson effect.
2
See the Adopted values table for the conventional value adopted internationally for realizing representations of the ohm using the quantum Hall
effect.

Page 1

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Physico-chemical constants

Quantity

Symbol

Avogadro constant
atomic mass constant
1
mu = 12
m(12 C) = 1 u
3
= 10 kg mol1/NA
energy equivalent
in MeV
Faraday constant1 NA e

molar volume of ideal gas RT /p

T = 273.15 K, p = 101.325 kPa
Loschmidt constant NA /Vm
T = 273.15 K, p = 100 kPa
Sackur-Tetrode constant
(absolute entropy constant)2
5
2 3/2
kT1 /p0 ]
2 + ln[(2mu kT1 /h )
T1 = 1 K, p0 = 100 kPa
T1 = 1 K, p0 = 101.325 kPa
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
(2 /60)k 4/h3 c2
first radiation constant 2hc2
first radiation constant for spectral radiance 2hc2
second radiation constant hc/k
Wien displacement law constant
b = max T = c2 /4.965 114 231...
1

Relative std.
uncert. ur

6.022 1415(10) 1023

mol1

1.7 107

mu

1.660 538 86(28) 1027

kg

1.7 107

mu c2

1.492 417 90(26) 1010

931.494 043(80)
96 485.3383(83)

J
MeV
C mol1

1.7 107
8.6 108
8.6 108

k/h
k/hc

3.990 312 716(27) 1010

0.119 626 565 72(80)
8.314 472(15)
1.380 6505(24) 1023
8.617 343(15) 105
2.083 6644(36) 1010
69.503 56(12)

J s mol1
J m mol1
J mol1 K1
J K1
eV K1
Hz K1
m1 K1

6.7 109
6.7 109
1.7 106
1.8 106
1.8 106
1.7 106
1.7 106

Vm
n0
Vm

22.413 996(39) 103

2.686 7773(47) 1025
22.710 981(40) 103

m3 mol1
m3
m3 mol1

1.7 106
1.8 106
1.7 106

S0 /R

1.151 7047(44)
1.164 8677(44)

c1
c1L
c2

5.670 400(40) 108

3.741 771 38(64) 1016
1.191 042 82(20) 1016
1.438 7752(25) 102

W m2 K4
W m2
W m2 sr1
mK

7.0 106
1.7 107
1.7 107
1.7 106

2.897 7685(51) 103

mK

1.7 106

NA h
NA hc
R
k

molar gas constant

Boltzmann constant R/NA
in eV K1

Unit

NA , L

molar Planck constant

Value

3.8 106
3.8 106

The numerical value of F to be used in coulometric chemical measurements is 96 485.336(16) [1.7 10 ] when the relevant current is
measured in terms of representations of the volt and ohm based on the Josephson and quantum Hall effects and the internationally adopted conventional values of the Josephson and von Klitzing constants KJ90 and RK90 given in the Adopted values table.
2
The entropy of an ideal monoatomic gas of relative atomic mass Ar is given by S = S0 + 23 R ln Ar R ln(p/p0 ) + 52 R ln(T /K).

Page 1

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Non-SI units

Quantity

Symbol

electron volt: (e/C) J

(unified) atomic mass unit:
1
1 u = mu = 12
m(12 C)
3
= 10 kg mol1/NA

Value

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

eV

1.602 176 53(14) 1019

8.5 108

1.660 538 86(28) 1027

kg

1.7 107

Natural units (n.u.)

n.u. of velocity:
speed of light in vacuum
n.u. of action:
reduced Planck constant (h/2)
in eV s
in MeV fm
n.u. of mass:
electron mass
n.u. of energy
in MeV

c, c0

299 792 458

m s1

(exact)

1.054 571 68(18) 1034

6.582 119 15(56) 1016
197.326 968(17)

Js
eV s
MeV fm

1.7 107
8.5 108
8.5 108

me
me c2

9.109 3826(16) 1031

8.187 1047(14) 1014
0.510 998 918(44)

kg
J
MeV

1.7 107
1.7 107
8.6 108

me c

2.730 924 19(47) 1022

0.510 998 918(44)
386.159 2678(26) 1015
1.288 088 6677(86) 1021

kg m s1
MeV/c
m
s

1.7 107
8.6 108
6.7 109
6.7 109

hc

n.u. of momentum
in MeV/c
n.u. of length (
h/me c)
n.u. of time

C
/me c2
h

Atomic units (a.u.)

a.u. of charge:
elementary charge
a.u. of mass:
electron mass
a.u. of action:
reduced Planck constant (h/2)
a.u. of length:
Bohr radius (bohr) (/4R )
a.u. of energy:
Hartree energy (hartree)
(e2/40 a0 = 2R hc = 2 me c2 )
a.u.
a.u.
a.u.
a.u.
a.u.
a.u.
a.u.
a.u.
a.u.
a.u.

1.602 176 53(14) 1019

8.5 108

me

9.109 3826(16) 1031

kg

1.7 107

1.054 571 68(18) 1034

Js

1.7 107

a0

0.529 177 2108(18) 1010

3.3 109

Eh

4.359 744 17(75) 1018

1.7 107

of time
of force
of velocity (c)
of momentum
of current
of charge density

h/Eh

Eh /a0
a0 Eh /
h
h/a0

eEh /
h
e/a30

2.418 884 326 505(16) 1017

8.238 7225(14) 108
2.187 691 2633(73) 106
1.992 851 66(34) 1024
6.623 617 82(57) 103
1.081 202 317(93) 1012

s
N
m s1
kg m s1
A
C m3

6.6 1012
1.7 107
3.3 109
1.7 107
8.5 108
8.6 108

of electric potential
of electric field
of electric field gradient
of electric dipole moment

Eh /e
Eh /ea0
Eh /ea20
ea0

27.211 3845(23)
5.142 206 42(44) 1011
9.717 361 82(83) 1021
8.478 353 09(73) 1030

V
V m1
V m2
Cm

8.5 108
8.6 108
8.6 108
8.6 108

Page 1

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants Non-SI units

Quantity

Symbol

Value

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

a.u. of electric quadrupole moment

ea20

4.486 551 24(39) 1040

C m2

8.6 108

a.u. of electric polarizability

a.u. of 1st hyperpolarizability
a.u. of 2nd hyperpolarizability
a.u. of magnetic flux density
a.u. of magnetic
dipole moment (2B )
a.u. of magnetizability
a.u. of permittivity (107 /c2 )

e2 a20 /Eh
e3 a30 /Eh2
e4 a40 /Eh3
h/ea20

1.648 777 274(16) 1041

3.206 361 51(28) 1053
6.235 3808(11) 1065
2.350 517 42(20) 105

C2 m2 J1
C3 m3 J2
C4 m4 J3
T

1.0 108
8.7 108
1.7 107
8.6 108

e/me
h
e2 a20 /me
e2 /a0 Eh

1.854 801 90(16) 1023

7.891 036 60(13) 1029
1.112 650 056 . . . 1010

J T1
J T2
F m1

8.6 108
1.7 108
(exact)

Page 2

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/constants

Fundamental Physical Constants X-ray values

Unit

Relative std.
uncert. ur

Quantity

Symbol

Value

Cu x unit: (CuK1 )/1 537.400

Mo x unit: (MoK1 )/707.831
a ngstrom star: (WK1 )/0.209 010 0

xu(CuK1 )
xu(MoK1 )

1.002 077 10(29) 1013

1.002 099 66(53) 1013
1.000 015 09(90) 1010

m
m
m

2.8 107
5.3 107
9.0 107

lattice parameter1 of Si
(in vacuum, 22.5 C)

{220} lattice spacing of Si a/ 8

(in vacuum, 22.5 C)
molar volume of Si
M (Si)/(Si) = NA a3/8
(in vacuum, 22.5 C)

543.102 122(20) 1012

3.6 108

d220

192.015 5965(70) 1012

3.6 108

Vm (Si)

12.058 8382(24) 106

m3 mol1

2.0 107

This is the lattice parameter (unit cell edge length) of an ideal single crystal of naturally occurring Si free of impurities and imperfections,
and is deduced from measurements on extremely pure and nearly perfect single crystals of Si by correcting for the effects of impurities.

Page 1

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants: 2002, published in Review of Modern Physics 77, 1 (2005).

From: http://physics.nist.gov/cuu

Energy Equivalents
J

kg

m1

Hz

1J

(1 J) =
1J

(1 J)/c2 =
(1 J)/hc =
1.112 650 056 . . . 1017 kg 5.034 117 20(86) 1024 m1

(1 J)/h =
1.509 190 37(26) 1033 Hz

1 kg

(1 kg)c2 =
8.987 551 787 . . . 1016 J

(1 kg) =
1 kg

(1 kg)c/h =
4.524 438 91(77) 1041 m1

(1 kg)c2 /h =
1.356 392 66(23) 1050 Hz

1 m1

(1 m1 )hc =
(1 m1 )h/c =
25
1.986 445 61(34) 10
J 2.210 218 81(38) 1042 kg

(1 m1 ) =
1 m1

(1 m1 )c =
299 792 458 Hz

1 Hz

(1 Hz)h =
6.626 0693(11) 1034 J

(1 Hz)h/c2 =
7.372 4964(13) 1051 kg

(1 Hz)/c =
3.335 640 951 . . . 109 m1

(1 Hz) =
1 Hz

1K

(1 K)k =
1.380 6505(24) 1023 J

(1 K)k/c2 =
1.536 1808(27) 1040 kg

(1 K)k/hc =
69.503 56(12) m1

(1 K)k/h =
2.083 6644(36) 1010 Hz

1 eV

(1 eV) =
(1 eV)/c2 =
19
1.602 176 53(14) 10
J 1.782 661 81(15) 1036 kg

(1 eV)/hc =
8.065 544 45(69) 105 m1

(1 eV)/h =
2.417 989 40(21) 1014 Hz

1u

(1 u)c2 =
(1 u) =
1.492 417 90(26) 1010 J 1.660 538 86(28) 1027 kg

(1 u)c/h =
7.513 006 608(50) 1014 m1

(1 u)c2 /h =
2.252 342 718(15) 1023 Hz

1 Eh

(1 Eh ) =
(1 Eh )/c2 =
4.359 744 17(75) 1018 J 4.850 869 60(83) 1035 kg

(1 Eh )/hc =
2.194 746 313 705(15) 107 m1

(1 Eh )/h =
6.579 683 920 721(44) 1015 Hz

Derived from the relations E = mc2 = hc/ = h = kT , and based on the 2002 CODATA adjustment of the values of the constants;
1
1 eV = (e/C) J, 1 u = mu = 12
m(12 C) = 103 kg mol1/NA , and Eh = 2R hc = 2 me c2 is the Hartree energy (hartree).

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of1 the Fundamental Physical Constants: 1998, Journal of Physical and Chemical
Reference Data, Vol. 28, No. 6, 1999 and Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 72, No. 2, 2000.

From: http://physics.nist.gov/cuu

Energy Equivalents
K

eV

Eh

1J

(1 J)/k =
7.242 963(13) 1022 K

(1 J) =
6.241 509 47(53) 1018 eV

(1 J)/c2 =
6.700 5361(11) 109 u

(1 J) =
2.293 712 57(39) 1017 Eh

1 kg

(1 kg)c2 /k =
6.509 650(11) 1039 K

(1 kg)c2 =
5.609 588 96(48) 1035 eV

(1 kg) =
6.022 1415(10) 1026 u

(1 kg)c2 =
2.061 486 05(35) 1034 Eh

1 m1

(1 m1 )hc/k =
1.438 7752(25) 102 K

(1 m1 )hc =
1.239 841 91(11) 106 eV

(1 m1 )h/c =
(1 m1 )hc =
15
1.331 025 0506(89) 10
u 4.556 335 252 760(30) 108 Eh

1 Hz

(1 Hz)h/k =
(1 Hz)h =
(1 Hz)h/c2 =
11
15
4.799 2374(84) 10
K 4.135 667 43(35) 10
eV 4.439 821 667(30) 1024 u

1K

(1 K) =
1K

(1 K)k =
8.617 343(15) 105 eV

(1 K)k/c2 =
9.251 098(16) 1014 u

(1 K)k =
3.166 8153(55) 106 Eh

1 eV

(1 eV)/k =
1.160 4505(20) 104 K

(1 eV) =
1 eV

(1 eV)/c2 =
1.073 544 171(92) 109 u

(1 eV) =
3.674 932 45(31) 102 Eh

1u

(1 u)c2 /k =
1.080 9527(19) 1013 K

(1 u)c2 =
931.494 043(80) 106 eV

(1 u) =
1u

(1 u)c2 =
3.423 177 686(23) 107 Eh

1 Eh

(1 Eh )/k =
3.157 7465(55) 105 K

(1 Eh ) =
27.211 3845(23) eV

(1 Eh )/c2 =
2.921 262 323(19) 108 u

(1 Eh ) =
1 Eh

(1 Hz)h =
1.519 829 846 006(10) 1016 Eh

Derived from the relations E = mc2 = hc/ = h = kT , and based on the 2002 CODATA adjustment of the values of the constants;
1
1 eV = (e/C) J, 1 u = mu = 12
m(12 C) = 103 kg mol1/NA , and Eh = 2R hc = 2 me c2 is the Hartree energy (hartree).

Source: Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, CODATA Recommended Values of2 the Fundamental Physical Constants: 1998, Journal of Physical and Chemical
Reference Data, Vol. 28, No. 6, 1999 and Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 72, No. 2, 2000.