abid, abyd, abyde verb, prsnt. remain, await, wait; abood verb, pst.

awaited, remained abideth, abydeth verb awaits abidyng verb awaiting able adj. suitable abluciouns noun cleansings abood noun delay above adj. superior abregge verb abridge, shorten accidie noun sloth, laziness accord, acord noun agreement achatours noun buyers acorded verb agreed adoun prep. below adrad adj. afraid afered, aferd adj. afraid affiance noun trust affraye verb, prsnt frighten affrayed verb, pst. frightened, afraid after-mete prep. the time after diner agast verb, pst. prtcpl. frightened agaste verb, pst. sg. frightened agu noun acute fever aiel noun grandfather aketoun noun wadded jacket worn under the chain-mail coat al conj. although

alauntz noun wolfhounds al bifore adv. first, before everyone else, heading the procession alday adv. daily alderbest best of all alderfirst first of all, to begin with alderlevest most beloved aldermost most of all aleyes noun garden paths algate, algates adv. always, all the same alkamystre noun alchemist Alkaron noun the Koran alle and some one and all, everyone allegge verb adduce, cite allye noun kinsman allyen verb ally oneself, marry almesdede noun almsgiving almesse noun charity al speke he although he may speak alyght verb arrived als cleere adv. as clearly amalgamyng noun blending, amalgamation amende verb improve, correct, remedy amended verb, pst. prtcpl. improved, corrected amblere noun pacing horse amonesteth verb, prsnt. sg. admonishes

Amor vincit omnia (Latin) Love conquers all angwissous adj. anxious anlaas noun broad two-edged dagger annueleer noun chantry priest, a priest who sings anniversary masses for the dead anon, anoon adv. straightway, at once, immediately anoy noun trouble antiphoner noun anthem-book, book of antiphonal hymns apayed verb, pst. pleased ape noun 1. fool, dupe; 2. monkey apertenen verb befit aperteneth verb, prsnt. sg. befits apiked verb adorned, trimmed appalled adj. pale-looking, faded apposed verb questioned appreved verb approved, proven, tested approwours noun agents areste verb stop, restrain a-rewe adv. in succession argumentz noun logical reasoning aright adv. certainly armee noun military expedition armure noun armour, protective covering array noun 1. equipment; 2. dress, clothes arrayed verb, pst. prtcpl. prepared, adorned

arreest noun restaint, seizure artelries noun artillery, shooting equipment, cannons and catapults arwes noun, pl. arrows aslaked calmed asonder adv. apart assaut noun assault assay noun 1. trial; 2. test assaye verb, prsnt. sg. test assayed verb, pst. sg tested assege noun siege asseged verb besieged assent noun consent, will, opinion assente verb, prsnt. consent, agree; assented verb, pst. consented, agreed assise noun the court of assizes assoille verb absolve assoillyng noun absolution assured adj. confident; verb entrusted astert verb escaped asterte, asterted verb escaped astoned verb amazed, astonished, surprised astored verb provided aswowne adv. in a swoon, aswooned atemprely, attemprely adv. moderately at erst prep. for the first time

atones adv. 1. at once, immediately; 2. at one time, at the same time attamed verb, pst. begun attempree adj. moderate atthamaunt, adamant noun adamant, a very hard kind of stone atwo adv. in two atwynne adv. apart auctorite, auctoritee noun 1. written authority, an authoritative statement or passage; 2. legal power or authority aungel noun angel aungellyk adj. angel-like auter noun altar avalen verb take off avarice noun greed avaunce verb prosper avauntyng verbal noun boasting avayle verb help, benefit Ave Marie (Latin) Hail Mary (first words of a Latin prayer) avoutrye, avowtrie, avowtrye noun adultery avowtier noun adulterer avow noun vow, solemn pledge avys noun 1. discussion; 2. opinion avyseth verb, 3rd prs. sg. look at, consider avysement noun deliberation awreke verb avenged axe verb, prsnt. sg. ask

axed verb, pst. asked axeth verb, prsnt. sg. asks ay adv. always ba verb kiss baar verb carried bacheler, bachiler noun young man, unmarried man, young knight bachilrie noun knighthood, knightly conduct Bacus noun Bacchus, god of wine baillif, bailly noun bailiff, an agent for a lord's estate who administered justice and collected revenues balke noun beam balled adj. bald bane noun killer Barbre nacioun noun pagan world bargaynes noun bargains, buying and selling barge noun sailing ship baronage noun nobles, nobility bataille noun battle bath noun cauldron bathen verb bask bauderye, bawderye noun pandering bawdes noun pimps bawdryk noun baldric, shoulder strap, a belt for a sword, bugle, etc. hung from the shoulder across the body to the opposite hip bawme noun balsam beautee noun beauty

beddes heed noun head of the bed bede noun bead, a small usually rounded and perforated piece of glass or stone for threading with others to make jewellery bedrede adj. 1. bedridden, confined to bed by infirmity; 2. decrepit beggestere noun beggar-woman bekke nod benefice noun ecclesiastical living benigne, benygne, benyngne adj. 1. kind, good; 2. gracious benignely, benygnely adv. graciously benignytee, benygnytee, benyngnytee, noun goodness benyson, benysoun noun blessing bereth verb acquits berkyng verbal noun barking berne noun barn best noun beast bible noun book bibledde adj. covered with blood biddeth verb, prsnt. pray bifel, bifil verb (it) happened bigileres noun liars, deceivers biheeste, biheete, biheste noun promise bihight, bihighte verb promised bihighten verb promised biknowe verb reveal, confess bileve verb remain, stay

bille noun petition, formal charge biraft verb taken away (from) birafte verb took away (from) bireve verb remove, deprive, take away bireveth verb removes, deprives, takes away from biseche, biseke verb beseech bisemare noun scorn bisette verb, pst. applied, used bitook verb entrusted bitrayseth verb, 3rd prs. prsnt. betrays bitwix, bitwixe, bitwixen, bitwyxen prep. between biwrey, biwreye verb, prsnt. 1. reveal, expose; 2. betray biwreyed verb, pst. revealed blak, blake adj. black blent verb deceived, blinded blew adj. blue bleynte verb turned pale blisful adj. blessed blyve adv. quickly bobance noun boast bocher noun butcher bodies, bodyes noun metals boef noun beef boghte verb redeemed bokeler, bokeleer noun buckler, small shield

bond noun bond, knowledge of practitioner boone noun request, prayer boote noun remedy bootelees adv. without remedy, cureless bord noun dinner table bord bigonne sat in the place of honor bountee noun goodness, virtue bountevous adj. generous bour noun, sg. inner room, bedroom, private room for lord and lady bourde noun jest boures noun, pl. bedrooms boidekyn noun sg. dagger boydekyns noun, pl. daggers brawen, brawn noun, sg. 1. muscle; 2. meat brawnes noun, pl. muscles breme adv. fiercely brenne, brennen verb burn brenneth verb, 3rd prs. sg. burns brent verb burned brennynge verb burning bresten verb break, burst bretful, bret-ful adj. brimful bretherhed noun guild, fraternity briberyes noun ways of stealing money bridale noun wedding-party

brid noun, sg. bird briddes noun, pl. birds brigge noun bridge brike noun trap, plight Britouns noun Bretons brode adv. plainly brood adj. broad, wide brond noun torch brosten verb broken brotel adj. insecure, unstable, brittle brotelnesse, brotilnesse noun insecurity, unstability, fickleness browdynge noun embroidery brybe verb steal brydel noun bridle, the harness fitted about a horse's head brymstoon noun sulphur bryngen verb bring brynne verb burn bulles noun papal bulls, edict, indulgences burel adj. uneducated, unlearned burghes noun, pl. boroughs, a town (as distinct from a city) with a corporation and priviliges granted by a royal charter burdoun noun bass (part in a song) burgeys noun citizen of a city (tradesman) buryeles noun burial places (the catacombs) but conj. unless

butiller noun butler, steward buxom adj. obedient buxomly adv. obediently by aventure by chance byg adj. strong byle noun beak by oon assent unanimously, all together by noon assent not at all by rote by heart by taille on credit byte verb burn byynge verb purchase (buying) caas noun case, circumstances cake noun loaf of bread calcenyng noun calcination, reducing to powder by heat calculinge noun astrological computation Cantebrigge Cambridge caples noun, pl. horses capul noun nag, a small riding-horse or pony careyne noun corpse carl noun fellow carryk noun barge, large sailing ship cartere noun charioteer caste verb, pst. sg. thought, planned catel noun property, possessions

caytyf, kaityf, kaytyf noun wretch caytyves noun wretched creatures ceint, ceynt noun belt celle noun a subordinate monastery certes adv. certainly, indeed chaar noun chariot, a stately or triumphal vehicle chaast adj. chaste chaffare noun merchandise, goods chalons noun, pl. blankets chamberere noun (chamber)maid chambre noun, sg. (bed)room chambres noun, pl. bedrooms chanon, chanoun noun canon, a member of the clergy serving in a cathedral or collegiate church chaped verb mounted chapeleyne noun a nun serving as a secretary to a prioress chapman noun merchant chasteyn noun chestnut tree chastitee noun chastity, abstinence from sexual intercourse chaunterie noun appointment as a chantry priest, an endowment for a priest to serve in a chapel for the soul of its patron chaunteth verb, prsnt. sg. sings cheere, chere noun 1. manners, behaviour; 2. facial expression, look chees verb choose, chose chekker noun chess board

ches, chese verb choose ches noun chess cheste noun coffin chevyssaunce noun financial arrangements chidyng verbal noun scolding chiknes noun, pl. chickens childhede noun childhood chirche noun church chirche dore noun door of the church chivalrie, chivalrye noun 1. nobility; 2. knights ciser noun strong alcoholic drink clad verb, pst. prtcpl. clothed cladde verb, pst. sg. clothed clepe verb call; clepeth 3rd prs. prsnt. sg. calls; cleped (ycleped) pst. called clergeon noun choir-boy, schoolboy clerk noun 1. university student; 2. scholar clene adv. neatly clennesse noun purity, chastity clippeth verb embraces cloutes noun rags clowde noun cloud cloystre noun monastery clyket noun key cok noun rooster

cokenay noun weakling, coward cokewold noun cuckold, husband of an adulteress cokkow noun cuckoo, a kind of bird col-fox noun fox with black-tipped tail, feet and ears collacioun noun colloquy, discussion, conference colt noun a young uncastrated male horse usually less than four years old commune verb communicate, have conversation with commune profit noun common interest communes noun common soldiers complayne verb lament complexioun noun temperament, balance of the body's fluids concupiscence noun sexual desire, lust conscience noun moral sense and solicitude conseil noun 1. opinion, decision, advice; 2. council, adviser conseil kepe verb keep secret conseille verb tell, instruct, teach, advise consistorie noun court constellacion noun configuration of the celestial bodies contek noun strife continuance noun perseverance countour (contour) noun auditor contree noun district, country contricioun noun the state of being contrite, affected by guilt, feeling remorse or penitence convertible adj. interchangeable

conveyen verb introduce coom verb came cop noun top coppe noun cup corage noun, sg. 1. heart, feeling; 2. (sexual) desire, ardor corages noun, pl. spirits, feelings cordial medicine of the heart corn noun grain, any cereal before or after harvesting corone noun, sg. crown corones noun, pl. crowns corrumpable adj. corruptible cors noun corpse costlewe adj. very expensive cosynage noun kinship cote noun 1. dungeon, cell; 2. cottage, small farm couched verb placed, arranged countrefete verb imitate countrefeted verb imitated courtepy noun short coat, jacket coveitise, coveityse noun avarice, greed, covetousness covenable adj. appropriate covenant noun agreement, contract covent noun convent, a religious community, a group of friars or monks coverchief noun, sg. head-dress

coverchiefs noun, pl. head-dresses covyne noun treachery cow noun chough, a crow-like bird coy adj. quiet, shy craft noun profession, occupation, trade cracchynge scratching creaunce verb obtain credit, borrow money creaunceth verb obtains credit crekes noun tricks crispe adv. curly cristal stones noun glass cases croce noun cross crommes noun crumbs croppes noun shoots, new leaves crosselet noun crucible, a vessel made of a refractory substance used for melting materials at high temperatures croys noun cross crude adj. raw, unrefined crueltee noun cruelty culpe noun guilt curaat, curat noun parish priest cure noun charge, jurisdiction curious adj. skillful, skillfully made curiously adv. skillfully cursyng noun archdeacon's curse, excommunication

curteisie noun gracious and considerate conduct, refinement of manners daliance, daliaunce noun 1. flirtation; 2. sociability, gossip dame noun mother dampned verb condemned dangerous, daungerous adj.domineering, arrogant, fastidious, hard to please, grudging dartes noun, pl. spears daswen verb are dazed dayesye noun daisy, a small plant bearing flowers each with a yellow disc and white rays, usually found in meadows day of doom noun Judgement Day, the day on which the Last Judgement is believed to take place debonaire adj. modest, gracious debonairetee noun graciousness, meekness debonairely, debonairly adv. gently, modestly, graciously decree noun text of ecclesiastical law dede, deed adj. dead deedly adv. deadly deef adj. deaf deerne adj.secret, sercretive deeth noun death defaute noun 1. flaw; 2. lack, absence; 3. wickedness defended verb forbad deffended verb forbad, forbidden deffenden verb forbid deffendeth verb forbids

defye verb repudiate delit, delyt noun, sg. delight, pleasure, desire delices noun, pl. pleasures deliciously adv. luxuriously, voluptuously delivernesse noun dexterity delve verb dig delyvere adj. agile, active, nimble delyverly adv. nimbly demande noun, sg. question demandes noun, pl. questions demeth noun judge Depardieux by God depe adv. deeply depeint verb, pst. prtcpl. stained depeynted verb, pst. prtcpl. painted depper comp. more deeply derk, derke adj. dark derknesse noun darkness descensories noun, pl. retorts, flasks used for distillation despit, despyt noun scorn, disdain, insult, contempt despitous adj. scornful desport, disport noun amusement, pleasure desray noun disorder destreyneth verb afflicts, distresses, compels dette noun debt, obligation

dettelees without debts dettour noun Deus hic God is here deve adj. deaf devoir noun duty devyne verb guess, conjecture devyse verb 1. tell, narrate; 2. look upon, inspect; 3. instruct, command deynous adj. haughty, arrogant deyntee noun, sg. delicacy; adj. fine, valuable, excellent deyntees noun, pl. fine food and drinks, delicacies deyntevous adj. delicicious deys noun dais (stage, raised platform) dide execucioun carried out the law diffamacioun noun slander diffame bad reputation diffye verb repudiate, despise dight verb, pst. 1. prepared; 2. had sexual intercourse with digne adj. worthy digne of reverence adj. worthy of respect dilatacioun noun elaboration, increase of words diligence noun effort, diligence disclaundre noun slander, defame discord noun disagreement discryve verb desribe

disfigure noun deformity, disfigurement disese noun discomfort, distress dispence noun expenditure(s) dispitous adj. angry dispitously adv. angrily dispoillen verb undress disporte verb amuse oneself disposed verb determined, decided dissevere verb separate, be separated dissymuleth verb dissembles divynynge noun speculation dokked verb cut short dolven verb buried doomes noun, pl. judgements, decisions doost verb, 2nd prs. sg. prsnt. do dooth verb, 3rd prs. sg. prsnt. do, does dores noun, pl. doors dorste verb, pst. dared dortour noun dormitory dotage noun feeble-minded senility doutances noun uncertainties dowaire noun dowry, property or money brought by a bride to her husband drad verb feared, respected drasty adj. worthless, lousy

drawen to memorie verb be remembered draweth cut draw lots (straws) drede noun fear; drede, dreden verb be afraid dredelees adj. 1. fearless; 2. doubtless dredeth verb, 3rd prs. sg. is afraid, fears dreem noun, sg. dream dremes noun, pl. dreams drenche verb drown drenchyng verb drowning dresse verb go, move dressed verb treated dreynt, dreynte verb drowned droghte noun dryness dronkelewe adj. habitually drunk, addicted to drink alcohol droppynge verb leaking dryve verb rushed duc noun duke dure verb last, endure duren verb last, continue duszeyne noun dozen, twelve dwale noun sleeping potion, drug dyamauntz noun diamonds dyched surrounded by a ditch dyke noun ditch dyvynytee noun theology

ech pro. each (one) eek, eke adv. also eelde, elde noun old age eem, em noun uncle eere, ere noun, sg. ear eeris, eres, erys noun, pl. ears eet verb ate eft adv. 1. again; 2. immediately eftsoone, eft soone, eft-soone, eftsoones, eft-soones adv. 1. again, once more; 2. immediately, very soon, right now eggyng verb incitement, urging egle noun eagle, a large bird of prey egre adj. fierce eir noun air elf-queene noun fairy queen elvysshe adj. mysterious embassadrye noun negotiation embrouded adj. embroidered empeyre verb damage, injure emprented verb imprinted, made an impression of emprentyng noun imprint, impression emprise noun enterprise, chivalric exploit encombred verb, pst. prtcpl. 1. stuck; 2. burdened, encumbered (by) encressen verb increased endite, enditen, endyte verb write, describe in writing

enditynges verb writings engendrure noun procreation, offspring enoynt adj. anointed, rubbed with oil ensample noun 1. example, model; 2. illustrative story entencioun noun intention entende verb endeavour, strive entente noun 1. intention, will; 2. plan ententif adj. attentive, diligent, eager entremetteth verb, 3rd prs. sg. interferes, meddles entuned adj. intoned envenymynge noun poison envyned adj. stocked with wine er adv. before, formerly; conj. before; prep. before ercedeken noun archdeacon ercedekenes curs noun excommunication, the official exclusion of a person from participation in the sacraments or formal communion with the Church ere noun plough erl noun earl ernest noun seriousness ers noun arse erst adj. superlative before, earlier, previously erthe noun earth eschawfed verb, pst. prtcpl. heated eschawfyne verbal noun heating eschewing noun avoidance

eschewe, eschue, eschuwe verb escape, avoid eschueth verb, 3rd prs. sg. escapes, avoids ese noun pleasure, refreshment esement noun redress, compensation esily adv. comfortably, easily, gently espiaille noun (network of) spies estaat, estat noun 1. state, condition; 2. rank, social standing estatlich adj. dignified estatly adj. dignified estres noun & adj. interior ete verb eat eterne adj. eternal evene adj.1. equal; 2. impartial evene lengthe medium height ever lenger the wers increasingly worse everich, everych adj. every (one), each (one) everichon, everichoon, everychon pro. everyone everideel, everydeel, every deel adv. completely, in all respects, in every detail; noun everything expounde, expounden verb interpret, explain expowne verb explain, expound expres adv. clearly, explicit ey noun egg eyen narwe swollen eyelids eyr noun air

fable noun fiction, falsehood fadme noun fathom fair adj. pleasing, handsome, fine, morally good fairnesse noun graciousness, kindness faldyng noun coarse woolen coat famyne noun famine, shortage of food fare noun commotion fareth verb behaves farsed adj. stuffed faucon noun falcon, a kind of bird of prey fay, fey noun faith Fairye, Fayerye noun fairyland fayerye adj. something bewitching, delightful fayn adj. glad, happy, pleased; adv. gladly, happily feend noun demon, devil feendly adj. devilish feere noun companion fee symple noun unrestricted possession, absolute possession feffed verb enfeoffed, endowed with fel noun skin fellen verb happened Femenye noun Amazons ferne halwes noun distant shrines ferre adj. farther ferreste adv. superlative farthest, those farthest away

fers noun queen, a chessman ferthe adj. fourth ferthyng noun 1. speck, spot; 2. farthing (a coin worth one-fourth of a penny), something of little value feste noun feast, festivity fetisly adv. elegantly fettres noun fetters, iron foot chains feyned verb faked figure noun methaphor (figure of speech) figures ten Arabic numerals fil in office verb was employed, got employment fir, fyr noun fire fithele noun fiddle Flaundryssh adj. Flemish flee verb 1. fly; 2. run away, escape fleemeth verb, 3rd prs. sg. drives out fleeth verb, 3rd prs. sg. flies flemed wrecche noun banished exile flesshhook noun meat-hook flete verb float fletynge verb, prs. prtcpl. floating flo noun arrow flokmeele adj. in groups Flora the goddess of flowers flour-de-lys noun lily

floytynge verb, prs. prtcpl. whistling fnorteth verb, 3rd prs. sg. snorts fodder noun dried hay or straw for cattle or horses folily adj. foolishly fonge verb receive fonne noun fool foore noun footsteps fordoon verb 1. destroy, ruin; 2. violate forneys noun cauldron fornicacioun noun fornication, sexual intercourse between persons not married to each other forpyned goost noun tormented spririt for sith conj. because forster noun forester, game-keeper forthren verb help fortunen the ascendent calculate the planetary position forward, foreward noun agreement, promise forwityng noun forknowledge foryeve verb forgive foryeveth verb, 3rd prs. sg. forgives foryifnesse noun foregiveness fostred verb brought up, nourished, educated fostryng noun nourishment foul adj. 1. ugly, dirty; 2. vicious, evil foul affray noun terrible assault

fowel noun, sg. noun bird foweles noun, pl. birds foynen verb thrust foyson adv. plenty frankeleyn noun landowner of the gentry class fraternitee noun religious guild, fraternity fredom noun liberality, generosity of spirit freend noun friend freendes noun, pl. 1. friends; 2. husbands freeten verb devoured freletee noun weakness fremde adj. foreign frenesye noun frenzy, madness frenges noun ornamental fringes frere noun friar, a member of any certain religious orders of men freten verb devour frutesteres noun girls who sell fruit fruyt noun essence, essential part ful adv. 1. very; 2. fully, completely ful faste very close, very fast ful fayn very gladly ful fetys very elegant ful fetisly very elegantly ful litel very little ful oft, ofte very often

ful perilous very dangerous ful semely, semyly in a very seemly manner ful swithe very quickly ful wel very well fundement noun, sg. 1. foundation; 2. anus fynde verb provide fyr, fyre, fir noun fire fyr-reed adj. fire-red fyve wittes five senses galle noun bitterness gale adj. complain loudly galpyng verbal noun yawning galyngale noun sweet spice prepared from the root of sweet cyperus gan verb, pst. began ganeth verb, 3rd prs. sg. yawns gan hye verb hastened, hurried gappe noun gap gargat noun throat garleek noun garlic gastly adj. horrible, terrifying gat-tothed adj. gap-toothed gaude noun trick gauren verb stare gay adj. bright

gayler noun jailer, warder geere noun equipment, outfit geldyng noun eunuch gentil adj. 1. noble (in character); 2. refined, excellent gentillesse noun nobility, excellence gerdon, gerdoun noun & verb reward, requital gerl noun girl gerner noun granary gesse verb suppose, estimate gestes noun lodgers, guests girdel, girdle noun belt girles noun young women, young people girt adj. encircled giterne, gyterne noun stringed instrument gleedes noun embers glose noun, sg. 1. flatter; 2. gloss, interpretation; verb flatter glymsyng noun glimpse gnat noun gnat, mosquito, flying stinging insect gnof noun churl, peasant gnow verb gnawed gobet noun piece goodly adv. gladly Goost noun Holy Spirit goot noun goat gooth verb, 3rd prs. sg. goes; imperative go

gossib noun (close) friend governance, governaunce noun 1. behaviour; 2. control, management gras noun grace graunges noun outlying farms, granges graunt noun decree graunt mercy interj. thank you grece noun grease greet desport excellent deportment greet estaat excellent condition Grete See noun Mediterranean gretter comparative larger greveth grieve greyn noun seed grifphon noun griffin, a mythical creature with a lion's body and an eagle's head and wings grisly adj. terrible grope verb examine grounded verb instructed grucche, grucchen verb complain gruccheth verb, 3rd prs. sg. complains grucchyng, gruchchyng verbal noun complaining gyde noun & verb guide gye verb 1. lead, guide, govern; 2. preserve, protect gylour noun deceiver gyn noun contrivance

gynglen verb jingle gypon, gypoun noun tunic, surcoat worn over the armor gyse noun manner, custom haberdasshere noun a dealer in hats or small wares haliday, halyday noun religious festival, holy day halkes, noun hiding places hals noun neck halse verb beseech halwed verb hallowed, consecrated halwes noun, pl. apostles, saints ham noun home han verb have hardily adv. certainly hardy adj. bold, strong hardynesse noun boldness, bravery harlot noun rascal, buffoon, jester; servant harlotrie, harlotrye noun ribaldry, harlotry, wickedness harlotries noun scurrility, deeds of harlotry, obscenities harm noun pity, suffering, misfortune harneised verb ornamented harneys noun armor, fighting equipment hasardour noun gambler hasardrie, hasardrye noun gambling hastifliche adv. quickly, hastily hastifnesse noun rashness

haubergeoun noun coat of chain-mail haunt noun skill haunteden verb practised hauteyn adj. loud, impressive hawe noun yard hawebake noun a poor meal (literally baked hawthorn berries) heddes noun, pl. heads heed, heede noun, sg. head heele, hele noun (good) health, well-being heer, heeres, heeris, heris, herys noun hair heeste noun, sg. 1. command; 2. promise, vow heestes noun, pl. 1. commands; 2. promises, vows heete noun heat heeth noun heath, an area of open uncultivated land with coarse grasses hem pro. them hen noun chicken hende adj. courteous, pleasant hente verb caught herberwe noun inn, lodging; figuratively astrological house herkne verb, prsnt. hear, listen to; herde verb. pst. heard herkneth verb, 3rd prs. sg. hears, listens to herknynge verb, verbal noun listening hernes noun hiding places heronsewes noun young herons (heron, a wading bird with a long neck, long legs, and a long, pointed bill)

hert noun stag, adult male deer herte noun heart hertelees noun coward hertely adv. really, sincerely hethenesse noun heathendom, the non-Christian world hethyng noun contempt, mockery hevedes noun heads hevene noun heaven heve of harre verb lift off its hinges hevynesse noun 1. drowsiness; 2. sadness hewe noun hue, appearance hierde noun shepherd hight, highte verb was called, was named hire noun wages, payment his wit bisette used his wits hochepot noun mixture hoker noun disdain holwe verb emaciated homycide noun murderer honeste cure noun sense of decency, care for decency, self-respect honestee noun good manners, chastity, purity hool adj. healthy hooly verb blessed hooly writ noun the Bible hoom noun home prep. homeward

hoor, hoore adj. white-haired, grey hoote adv. passionately; adj. passionate, hot hope verb expect hopur noun hopper, through which the grain passes into the mill hosen, hoses noun stockings hostelrie, hostelrye noun inn, lodging hostileer, hostiler noun innkeeper houndes noun pl. dogs housbondes noun husbands housbondrye noun (domestic) economy hunte noun hunter hyer hond noun upper hand hym liste he preferred to, he chose to hym was levere he would rather hynde noun female deer hyndreste adj. superlative last hyne noun farm worker, servant, hind icched verb itched ilhayl bad luck ik pro. I ilke adj. same impertinent adj. irrelevant in a clause briefly, in a few words I nam but I am as good as ... in chyvachie on a cavalry expedition

in comune adj. generally, in general incubus noun evil spirit that copulates with women in their sleep Inde India induracioun noun hardening infect adj. invalidated infecte verb affect negatively, pollute in maladye adj. ill inpossible noun impossibility instaunce noun request ire noun anger, irritability, the deadly sin of wrath janglere noun chatterer, loud talker, teller of dirty stories jangleresse noun chatterbox, female gossip janglerie verbal noun chatter jangles noun gossip japed verb, pst. tricked jape noun, sg. trick, joke japes noun, pl. tricks, jokes je vous dy (French) I tell you Jewerye, Juerie noun Jewish quarter, ghetto jogelour noun conjurer joust noun one to one combat jubilee noun fiftieth anniversary juge noun judge justise, justice noun judge kan verb, 3rd prs. sg. knows

kankedort noun bad situation kaynard noun dotard, a person who is feeble-minded keen noun cows kembd (ykembd) verb, pst. prtcpl. combed kembeth verb, 3rd prs. sg. combs kempe adj. shaggy, unkempt kepe verb keep, take care after, preserve kervere of ymages noun sculptor kervyng noun sculpture keste, kist, kiste verb kissed kiked verb gazed kithe verb reveal, show kithed verb, pst. prtcpl. shown kitte verb cut knarry adj. gnarled knave noun, sg. (male) servant knaves noun, pl. (male) servants knedyng-trogh noun kneading-trough, large trough for kneading dough knobbes noun swellings knotte noun (main) point knowe verb recognize knoweleche, knoweliche noun acquaintance knowes noun knees knyght noun knight

konnyng, konnynge noun skill, understanding koude verb knew how to kowthe verb known kultour noun coulter, a vertical cutting blade fixed in front of a ploughshare kymelyn noun tub used to brew beer kynde noun nature kynrede noun kindred, family kyte noun kite, a predatory bird with a long, often forked tail laas noun cord Lameth noun Lamech, the first bigamist according to the Bible large adv. 1. freely, generously; 2. free-spending, extravagant latoun noun a brass-like alloy laude noun praise launde noun clearing laus adj. loose lazar noun leper leche noun physician, healer lecherye noun lechery lede verb bring leden noun language leef verb leave, depart leek noun a vegetable with flat overlapping leaves forming an elongated cylindrical bulb leere verb learn leet verb 1. allowed; 2. left

leeve, leve adj. & noun dear leeve dame noun dear lady leevestow do you believe lemes noun, pl. 1. limbs; 2. flames lemman noun sweetheart, lover, loved one lekes verb leeks leon, leoun noun lion lere verb learn lese verb loose leseth verb loose, loses lest noun desire leste verb, pst. sg. pleased lesynge noun loss lesynges noun, pl. lies letterure noun book-learning lette noun delay lette, letten verb hinder lettest verb hinder, spoil letteth verb, 3rd prs. sg. hinders Lettow Lithuania letuarie noun medicine letuaries noun medical mixtures, electuaries leve noun permission leve verb grant, allow leveful adj. lawful, permissible

levere comp. rather lewed adj. uneducated lewed man noun uneducated man, layman lewednesse noun ignorance leyser noun leisure licenciat licensed to hear confessions lief adj. & noun beloved lif, lyf noun life ligeance noun allegiance, obedience or loyalty owed to a nation, sovereign or cause liggen verb lie liggynge verb lying lightly adv. easily lightnesse noun agility likerous adj. wanton, flirtatious, gluttonous likerousnesse noun wantonness list, liste verb, prsnt. sg. please, pleases litarge, lytarge noun lead monoxide lixt verb, 2nd prs. sg. lie lodemenage noun skill in navigation lokynge verb looking lomb noun lamb lond noun country, land longes noun lungs long yherd adj. long-haired

loode-sterre noun North star, polar star; figuratively guiding star loone noun 1. loan; 2. grace looth adj. 1. displeasing; 2. reluctant, unwilling loothly adv. loathsome, hideous lordynges noun, pl. sirs, gentlemen, my lords lorn verb lost losengeour noun flatterer lotynge adj. in hiding lough verb laughed lowely adj. modest, humble luce noun pike Luna noun the moon lusty adj. lively, pleasing, lusty lustynesse noun delight, pleasure luxurie noun lechery lymaille noun metal filings lymytacioun noun territory, district lymytour noun friar licensed (by his order) to beg in a specific district lyne noun family, lineage lyst noun ear magyk natureel noun natural science Mahoun Mohammed maister strete noun main street maistresse noun, sg. governess

maistresses noun, pl. governesses makelees adj. matchless maken stryf verb cause trouble, quarrel Makomete Mohammed maladye noun illness male noun pouch, bag malisoun noun curse manace verb menace, threaten mandement noun summons mansioun noun dwelling place, domicile manye noun mania marchant noun merchant marchal noun master of ceremonies mare noun 1. the female of any equine animal, especially the horse; 2. (figuratively) homosexual markys noun marquis marybones noun marrow bones maugree prep. despite maugree his/hir heed against his/her will, despite his/her struggles maunciple noun business agent, purchaser of provisions for an inn of court (temple) may verb can mayde, mayden noun 1. virgin; 2. girl maydenhed, maydenhede, maydenhod noun virginity may nat avaunce cannot be profitable

mede, meede noun meadow, a piece of grassland meeltyd noun mealtime, lunch time medlee adj. motley, parti-colored medleth verb, 3rd prs.sg. meddles mele noun ground meal melle noun mill meene noun instrument membres noun, pl. sexual organs, private parts mendynantz noun mendicants menestow do you mean merk noun image merrshy adj. marshy meschance, meschaunce noun misfortune mescheef, meschief noun mischief, misfortune, adversity, trouble mesuage noun messuage, a dwelling house with outbuildings and land assigned to its use mesurable adj. moderate, temperate mesurably adv. moderately mete noun food, dinner mete verb dream mette verb, pst. dreamed meynee noun retinue, household millere noun miller Minerva Roman goddess of wisdom misericorde noun charity, mercy

mishap noun misfortune mitten noun mitten moeble, moebles noun personal property mollificacioun noun softening montance noun amount, size mooder noun mother moore part noun majority, greater part moost adv. most moot verb must mordre noun murder mordrynge verbal noun murdering mormal noun ulcer, sore mottelee noun parti-colored cloth mowes noun grimaces Moyses Moses much and lite noun great and small, everyone muchel adj. much mullok noun rubbish, garbage multiplicacioun noun transmutation multiplie verb transmute (technical term for changing base metals into gold and silver) murmur verbal noun grumbling murye note noun pleasant voice muwe noun mew, bird cage, usually for hawks myddel verb waist

myght noun power mynstralcie noun musical instrument myre noun 1. mire, a stretch of swampy or boggy ground; 2. mud, durt; in the mire in difficulties mysbileeve noun skepticism, suspicion myscarie verb go wrong mysgovernaunce noun misconduct, misbehaviour myshappy adj. miserable mystriste noun mistrust nakers noun kettle-drums namo adj. no more, no others; adv. no more, never again narwe adv. closely; adj. narrow, small nathelees, natheles, natheless adv. nevertheless, none the less nat worth an oystre worth nothing; in Chaucer's time, oysters were poor-people's food natyf adj. natural nave noun hub, the central part of a wheel, rotating on or with the axle, and from which the spokes radiate nece noun niece, kinswoman nede noun necessity, need nedelees adv. needless, without purpose nede, neede adv. necessary, necessarily neet noun cattle nempne verb name, tell nether ye noun lower eye never a deel adv. not a bit

newefangel adj. fond of novelty nobledest adj. ennobled Noe Noah nombre noun number nones noun occasion noon pro. none noon of hem none of them, nobody noot verb do not know, does not know nortelrie noun education, nurture nosethirles, nose-thirles noun nostrils note noun job, task not heed noun close-cropped head ny prep. close nyce adj. foolish, scrupulous nycetee noun simplicity, foolishness nyfles noun silly stories nygard noun miser nygardye noun miserliness nyghtertale adj. night niste, nyste verb (ne wiste) knew not, did not know obeisant adj. obedient obeisance, obeysaunce, obeisaunce noun obedience observance, observaunce noun duty offended verb, pst. prtcpl. injured offensioun noun injury

office noun secular employment, function ofte sithes adj. many times Olifaunt noun Elephant olyveres noun olive-trees onis adv. once ook noun oak oon num. one oost noun army ooth noun oath oother adv. other; conj. either open-ers noun fruit of the medlar, a tree of the rose family bearing small brown apple-like fruits which are eaten when decayed opie noun opium ordinance, ordinaunce noun decree, order, arrangement, preparations orgon noun organ orpyment noun arsenic trisulfide oure aller cok rooster of us all (awakened us all) outen verb make public outrely adv. plainly, utterly outridere noun a monk who rode out to supervise the estates of a monastry over al adv. wherever overmacche verb defeat, outmatch overryden verb run over owher adv. anywhere

Oxenford Oxford oynons noun, pl. onions paas adv. & noun footpace (the slowest gait of a horse), slowly pace verb proceed, go page noun 1. (male) servant; 2. boy paire plates noun suit of plate armor palmeres noun professional pilgrims who had been to the Holy Land pan noun skull panade noun cutlass, a short sword with a slightly curved blade papeer noun pepper papejay noun parrot paramour noun, sg. mistress, concubine paramours noun, pl. mistresses paramours adv. passionately paraventure, par aventure, peraventure, per aventure adv. 1. perhaps; 2. by chance par cas adv. by chance parcel noun portion pardee interj. indeed pardoner noun a seller of indulgences pardoun noun 1. papal indulgences; 2. forgiveness parfit, parfyt, perfit adj. perfect, complete parfitly adv. perfectly parfourne, perfourne verb perform, accomplish parfourned verb celebrated, completed, accomplished

parissh clerk noun someone who assists the parish priest to perform services in church parisshens noun parishioners parlement noun decision parte noun share Parvys noun the porch of St. Paul's Cathedral pasture noun feeding place patente noun letter of appointment from the king patrimoyne noun inheritance peert adj. impudent pees noun peace penaunce noun penance, suffering, distress penyble adj. indefatigable, painstaking percen verb pierce per consequens adv. consequently perdurable adj. eternal, everlasting peril noun peril, serious and immediate danger perilous adj. dangerous perisse verb perish, destroy perree, perrye noun precious stones, jewellery pers adj. blue, bluish gray perseveraunce noun perseverance, the persistance to a purpose, idea, or task in spite of obstacles person, persoun noun parson, parish priest perspectives noun optical lenses peyne noun efforts

peynte verb disguise peynted verb disguised peynture noun painting Phebus noun Phoebus Apollo, the sun philosophie noun alchemy philosophre noun astrologer phisik adj. & noun medicine pile verb rob, take unlawfully from pilwe-beer noun pillow-case pissemyre noun ant pistel noun message plat adj. blunt, flat plit noun (bad) condition, plight plentevous adj. plenteous plesance, plesaunce noun pleasure, delight pleyn commissioun full jurisdiction pleyynge noun amusment plighte noun pledge poke noun bag, sack polax noun battle-axe, pole-axe polcat noun weasel Poo the river Po popet noun little doll porcioun noun quantity port noun bearing, manner

portreiture noun, sg. painting, picture portreitures noun, pl. paintings, pictures portreytour noun painter post noun pillar, supporter potage noun soup potente noun walking stick potestat noun potentate pothecarie noun apothecary pouche noun 1. purse; 2. pocket Poules noun St. Paul's Cathedral poure, povre adj. poor, impoverished povereste adj. superlative poorest, most impoverished poverte noun poverty poynaunt adj. spicy, piquant, piercing practyk noun practice prees noun crowd preesseth verb, 3rd prs. sg. push preeve, preve verb prove prelaat noun ecclesiastical dignitary prentys noun apprenctice prescience noun foreknowledge preve noun proof preyneth verb preens, make neat prikasour noun horseman, hunter on horseback priketh verb, 3rd prs. sg. pierces

prikyng verbal noun tracking privee, pryvee adj. secretive, discreet privee (pryvee) and apert in private and in public prively, pryvely adv. secretly, discreetly, stealthily privetee, pryvetee noun secret(s) proces noun argument, case, discussion procuratour noun attorney prolixitee noun prolixity, lengthiness, tediousness propre good noun own wealth/income provost noun magistrate prow noun benefit, profit pryme noun around 09:00 A.M., the first hour pulled adj. plucked purchas noun acquisition purchasour noun land-buyer purfiled adj. lined with fur purged adj cleansed (by baptism) purtreye verb draw purveiance, purveiaunce, purveyaunce noun providence, foresight purveye verb prepare pye noun magpie, a kind of bird (Pica pica) pykepurs noun thief, pick-purs pyketh verb cleans, adorns pynche at verb find a flaw in

pynched adj. pleated pynchen at verb find fault with pyrie noun pear-tree quake verb, prsnt tremble; quaketh 3rd prs. sg. trembles qualm noun plague quelle verb kill Questio quid iuris (Latin) The question is, what law applies queynt verb extinguished queynte adj. pleasing, elegant; noun pleasing thing, sexual favours queynte verb was extinguished, went out quit adj. free quod verb said quook verb, pst. trembled quike, quyk, quyke adj. alive, lively, vivid quiknesse noun liveliness quyked verb revived, rekindled quyken verb revive quykkest strete busiest street quyk-silver noun mercury quyt verb repaid Radix malorum est Cupiditas (Latin) Greed is the root of all evil rafte verb ravished, took away ragerye noun wantonness rakel adj. rash, hasty rakelnesse noun rashness, haste

rampeth verb shakes her fist raughte verb reached reawme noun realm rebekke noun woman recchelees adj. careless, negligent, heedless of rules receite noun formula, recipe reconyssaunce noun recognizance, formal pledge rede, reed, reede adj. red regne noun kingdom, realm reherce, rehercen verb repeat rehersaille noun enumeration rekene verb enumerate, calculate, consider, take account of, count remes noun realms reneye verb deny, renounce reneyed verb renounced renoun noun fame rente noun income rente verb, pst. tored repair noun visitors, resort repleccioun noun over-eating reportour noun record keeper repplicacioun verb reply reprevable adj. reprehensible, blameworthy repreeve, repreve noun reproof requere verb ask

rescus noun rescue resoun noun 1. remark, argument, opinion; 2. reason resons noun, pl. remarks, opinions resoun adj. reasonable, just; adv. reasonably
to

reste verb (gone) to rest

rethor noun rhetorician reve noun reeve, manager of an estate or farm revelour noun rake, profligate, recklessly extravagant person revelrye noun delight, pleasure reverence noun dignity, respect reyn noun rain ribaudye noun coarse jesting, ribaldry
to

riden out verb to go campaigning

riotoures noun, pl. profligates, debauchers roche noun rock rokkes noun, pl. rocks roialliche ybore adj. royally carried ronnen verb ran roote noun foot rote noun stringed instrument roten adj. rotten rouncy noun carthorse, nag route noun company, group of people routhe noun compassion, pity routhelees, routheless adj. ruthless, without compassion

rowne verb whisper rowned verb whispered rownynge verb, pst. prtcpl. whispering rowteth verb, 3rd prs. sg. snors rowtyng verbal noun snoring rubible noun a kind of fiddle Ruce Russia rudeliche noun crudely, ignorantly rymeyed adj. rhymed, versified ryver noun river sad adj. serious sadly adv. firmly sadnesse noun seriousness, constancy saleweth verb, 3rd prs. sg. greets salue verb greet saluyng verbal noun greeting sans faille without doubt sapience noun wisdom sapiences noun mental abilities saucefleem adj. pimpled sauf adj. safe saufly adv. safely, confidently saugh verb, pst. sg. saw sautrie, sawtrie noun psaltry (a harp-like instrument) save prep. except (that)

savour noun 1. smell, odor; 2. flavor savory adj. pleasant savynge adj. except sawnyng, sangwyn adj. 1. red, ruddy; 2. florid, bright, ruddy scathe noun a pity sclaundre noun disgrace sclendre adj. lean, feeble science noun knowledge scole noun, sg. school scole noun, pl. schools scoleye verb study, attend the schools of the university scoler noun student scriptures noun books, writings seche verb seek, search secree noun secret information; adjective private, discreet see noun sea seege noun siege, a military operation seeke, sike adj. sick seel noun seal seelde adj. seldom See of Grece the eastern Mediterranean seet verb sat Seint Julian patron saint of hospitality Seinte Loy St. Eligius Seinte Poules St. Paul's Cathedral (in London)

seke verb 1. visit; 2. examine, look for sely adj. innocent, hapless, ignorant, foolish, insignificant semblable adj. similar semycope noun short cloak sentence noun 1. meaning, saying; 2. decision, command sergeant of the lawe noun a lawyer who belonged to the highest order in his profession (from this group of legal officers the judges of the King's courts were chosen) serpent noun snake servitour noun servant servysable adj. willing to serve, attentive serye noun argument, chain of thoughts seson, sesoun noun season seten verb sat sette his howve make a fool of him seurete, seuretee noun pledge, promise sewed verb pursued seye verb seen seynd adj. broiled, smoked sey sooth tell the truth shadwe noun shadow shamefast adj. modest shamefastnesse noun modesty shapen verb destined sharpeth verb, 3rd prs. sg. sharpens she-ape noun female monkey

sheene, shene adj. bright, beautiful shende verb destroy sheere, shere noun scissors, pair of shears sheres noun scissors shette verb, pst locked shifte verb provide shiten adj. dirty, defiled shirreve noun sheriff sho noun shoe shoon verb shone shoop verb prepared, intended shour noun, sg. rain shoures noun, pl. rain showers, hardships shoures soote sweet showers, rain shrewe verb curse, beshrew; noun curse, cursed person shrewed adj. cursed shrewednesse noun wickedness shrift, shrifte noun confession shryven verb confessed sighte noun 1. foresight; 2. view Significavit noun order for imprisonment (the first word of a writ in which the imprisonment of an excommunicated person is ordered) sik, sike, seeke adj. sick siker adv. certain sikerly, sekirly adv. certainly, truly

sikernesse noun certainty, security similitude noun complement, counterpart sire noun father sith adv. since sitthe adv. afterwards slake verb verb diminish slakke adj. slow sleep verb slept sleighte noun trick, trickery slider adj. slippery slogardie, slogardye noun sluggishness, slothfulness, laziness sle, slee verb kill, slay sleen verb kill, slay sleeth verb, 3rd prs. sg. kills, slays sleer noun slayer slewthe noun sloth, laziness slouthe noun sloth, laziness slow verb killed, slew slyde verb slip away slyghte noun trickery slyk adj. sleek, shining smal noun 1. little, slender; 2. high (of voice) smale adj. small smale tytheres noun those reluctant to pay full tithes smart adj. brisk

smerte verb suffers smoklees adj. naked (without a smock) snybbed verb rebuked, reprimanded snybben verb rebuke sobre adj. serious, grave sobrely adv. seriously, gravely sodeynly adv. suddenly softe adv. 1. gently; 2. quietly; adj. 1. gentle; 2. quiet so greet repair many visitors sojourne verb remain sojourned verb remained sokyngly adv. gradually, step by step Sol noun the sun solempne adj. dignified, important solempnely adv. ceremoniously, solemnly solempnitee, solempnytee noun ceremony Soler Halle noun the King's Hall, a college at Cambridge somdel, somdeel adv. somewhat, partly somnour, somonour noun a server of summonses for an ecclesiastical court sonde noun servant, messenger sondry adj. various, different sondry folk noun various sorts of people sondry londes noun various countries sondry tonges noun various languages

sondry wise, sondry wyse noun various ways songe verb sung sonken verb sunk sonne noun sun soong, song verb, pst. sg. sang soor, soore adv. sorely, bitterly; adj. painful, sore; noun misery, pain soote adj. sweet, sweet-smelling sooth, soothe, soth, sothe noun truth soothfastnesse noun truthfulness soothly adv. truly soothnesse noun truth, reality soper noun dinner sophyme noun sophism, plausible but faulty argument sort noun destiny, fate, lot sorwe noun sorrow sorweth verb grieves sothe (sooth) noun truth sother comp. truer sotilly adv. skilfully soukynge verb sucking soul adv. solitary soun noun sound soutere noun cobbler, a person that mends and repairs shoes soutiltee noun trick sovereyn adj. best, outstanding, most excellent

sovereyn pestilence noun ultimate wickedness sovereyn prys noun outstanding reputation Sowdan noun sultan Sowdanesse noun sultaness sowded verb united sowe verb sown sowne verb 1. imitate; 2. play, sound, resound sowple adj. compliant space noun 1. time; 2. opportunity sparhauk, sperhauk noun sparrow hawk sparre noun (wooden) beam sparth noun battle-axe spectacle noun eyeglass speed verb hurry spedde verb hurried spille verb destroy, put to death spitously adv. 1. angrily, spitefully; 2. loudly sporned verb stumbled spouse noun husband spousaille noun wedding spray noun branch squaymous sqeamish, easily nauseated or disgusted squier noun squire, a young knight in the service of another knight stal verb stole stalke noun piece of straw

stant verb stands stape adj. advanced starf verb, pst. died steede noun war-horse stele noun handle stele, stelen verb steal stent verb stopped stente verb, pst. sg. ceased, stopped stere noun rudder, guide, steering wheel sterelees adv. rudderless, disorientated sterve verb, prsnt. die sterven verb die stevene noun voice, speech stif adj. strong, powerful stille adv. silently, motionless stirte verb rushed stot noun horse strangled with killed by straunge strem foreign river straunge strondes foreign shores stree noun straw streit adj. narrow, small streite yteyd adj. tightly fastened stremes noun, pl. currents stryvyng verbal noun strife, quarrelling

sturdy adj. cruel, harsh, strong sturdinesse noun cruelty, harshness stuwe noun fishpond stynk noun stench styth noun anvil subget noun subject sublymed adj. purified sublymyng verbal noun sublimating, purifying substance, substaunce noun 1. majority, (essential) quality; 2. (fixed) income, possessions subtiltee noun craftiness, trickery, subility suffisaunt adj. suitable suffrance noun patience, forbearance suffren verb allow superfluitee noun abundance surcote noun outer coat suretee noun security, certainty surquidrye noun arrogance, pride suspect noun suspicion suster noun sister swayn young gentleman swalwe, swelwe verb swallow swapte verb fell suddenly swatte verb sweated swerd noun sword

sweven noun dream swich pro. such swich poraille such poor people swonken verb, pst. worked swore verb promised swymme verb float swynes-heed noun pig's head swynk noun verb work, toil swynke, swynken verb, prsnt. work, toil swynkere noun labourer, worker swyve verb copulate with swyved verb copulated with symple adj. simple, modest symple and coy adj. unaffected and quiet, modest syn conj. & prep. since syngynge verb singing synne noun sin, misbehaviour synnes sevene seven deadly sins (Avarice, Envy, Gluttony, Lust, Pride, Sloth, Wrath) taas noun heap table dormant noun table fixed in its place, as distinct from one taken down between meals tables noun backgammon tabour noun drum tappestere noun barmaid tapycer noun tapestry-maker, weaver of tapestries, rugs, etc.

Te Deum (Latin) To you O God teene noun trouble, vexation teeres, teeris noun tears telle verb count tempest noun storm tercelet noun male falcon testif adj. head-strong, testy theef noun thief therbiforn adv. previously therto adv. moreover thikke knarre noun stout fellow thilke demonstr. adj. that (same) tholed verb suffered thombe noun thumb thonder noun thunder thonder-clappes noun, pl. thunderstrokes thonder-dent, thonder-dynt noun thunderstroke th'orisonte noun the horizon thral noun slave, servant thraldom noun slavery, servitude thre num. three threpe verb assert, affirm positively thridde num. third thrift noun prosperity, welfare thrifty adj. suitable, servicable, proper

thriftily adv. carefully, properly throng verb thrust throop noun village throte-bolle noun Adam's apple throwe noun while thurgh prep. 1. through; 2. because of thurgh-girt adj. pierced through thynges noun duties, rites, business tikel adj. ticklish, unreliable, unstable tithe noun a 10th part of one's income paid for the support of a church tobreketh verb, 3rd prs. sg. shatters, breaks in pieces tobreste verb shatter, break in pieces tobrosten verb shattered, broken in pieces tolis noun, pl. tools to lyte too little tombesteres noun, p. dancing girls tonge noun language tonne noun wine barrel took his wit verb calculated toon toes torace verb, prsnt. sg. tear to pieces torente verb, pst. sg. tore to pieces tormentrie noun torture tormented verb tortured

totere verb tear to pieces toty adj. dizzy toun noun town tour noun, sg. tower toures noun, pl. towers toute noun rump, human buttocks t'overbyde verb to outlive towaille noun towel trad verb copulated with travaillynge verbal noun in labor tregetoures noun illusionists, jugglers trench noun path trenchant adj. sharp tresoor noun treasure tretee noun negotiation tretis, tretys noun treaty, negotiation trewe adj. true; adv. truly trewe noun truce, a temporary agreement to cease hostilities trewely adv. truly triacle noun medicine, remedy trompe noun trumpet trone noun throne trouthe noun 1. fidelity, loyalty; 2. pledge, promise trowe verb think, suppose trowed verb believed, thought

trussed verb packed tuwel noun anus tweye num. two twight adj. & verb pulled twiste verb tortured twynne, twynnen verb, prsnt. depart, separate twynned verb, pst. separated unbrent adj. unburnt undertake verb affirm, declare undigne adj. unsuitable, unworthy unheele noun misery unkonnynge noun lack of skill, ignorance; adj. unskillful, ignorant unkouth adj. exotic, rare, unfamiliar unkyndely adv. unnaturally unlyklinesse noun unsuitability unnethe, unnethes adv hardly, with difficulty unreste noun distress unsely adj. unhappy unshette verb unlocked unthank noun bad luck, curses unthriftily adv. poorly untrewe adj. 1. inaccurately; 2. unfaithful unwar adj unaware, unexpected unweelde adj. feeble unwemmed adj. unblemished, undefiled

unwist adj. uninformed, unknown unwityngly adv. unknowingly unyolden verbal noun unyielding upon lond adj. in the countryside urynales noun glass flasks usaunt adj. accustomed vapour noun emanation, influence vassellage noun prowess vavasour noun feudal landholder, landowner veel noun veal veluettes noun velvet vlothes venerie verbal noun hunting venial, venyal adj. pardonable, capable of being excused or forgiven venym noun poison vernage noun a white Italian wine (vernaccia) vernycle noun miniature reproduction of St. Veronica's sacred cloth, bearing the imprint of Jesus' features verraily adv. truly verray adj. true verre noun glass veyne noun vein (of the plant) veyn adj. foolish, wrong, idle veyn ymaginacioun noun wrong conception, idle fancy viage noun journey

vigilies noun, pl. vigils, feasts/services held on the eve of a religious festival viker noun vicar vileynye noun 1. evil, rudeness, shame, dishonor; 2. injury vileynsly adv. rudely, shamefully vinolent adj. drunken virytrate noun hag, ugly old woman visage noun face vitaille noun victuals, provisions, stock of food voirdit noun verdict volupeer noun nightcap vouche-sauf, vouche sauf verb agree, grant voided, voyded, yvoyded verb removed voyden verb get rid of, remove voys noun 1. opinion; 2. report waast verb waist wafereres noun, pl. sellers of wafer-cakes walet noun pouch, knapsack wanges noun teeth wang-tooth noun molar wanhope noun despair wantowne adj. pleasure-loving, jovial wantownesse noun affectation war adj 1. aware; 2. prudent warde noun custody

warde-cors noun bodyguard wardeyn noun 1. master of the college; 2. guard, guardian ware noun merchandise, goods warente verb protect warisshe verb recover warisshynge noun cure, healing warye noun curse wastel-breed noun expensive fine white bread watres corosif noun acids wawes noun, pl. waves wayk, wayke adj. weak waymentinge, waymentynge noun lamentation webbe noun weaver wedde verb, prsnt. marry; pst. (y)wedded married weddede verb married weddynge noun wedding weel, wel adv. well weep verb wept weex verb became weighte, wighte noun weight wele noun happiness, prosperity welle noun source, spring wem noun harm wemmelees adj. spotless, without blemish wenche noun 1. girl; 2. maid, female servant

wente noun path wepene noun, pl. weapons werche noun work were adj. defend, protect wered verb wore werre noun war werreye verb, prsnt. wage war on werreyed verb, pst. waged war on werte noun wart, a small benign growth on the skin, usually hard and rounded, caused by a virus-induced abnormal growth of skin cells and thickening of the epidermis wessh verb washed wexe verb, prsnt. become, grow, increase, breed wexeth verb, prsnt. becomes, grows, increases, breeds weyve verb turn aside, neglect wezele noun weasel, a small brown carnivorous mammal whelkes noun pimples, pustules whelp noun dog, pup whennes adv. whence, why whetston noun whetstone whileer adv. just now whilom adv. once, formerly whippeltree noun cornel-tree wight, wyght noun person, creature, being wiste verb, pst. sg. knew; wist pst. prtcpl. known wit noun intelligence, mind, judgement

witen verb know withalle adv. indeed, moreover with o voys adv. unanimously withholde verb forced to remain withseye verb renounce, deny wityng noun knowledge wlatsom adj. disgusting, loathsome wo noun woe, regret, sorrow, pain wodedowve noun wood pigeon wolde verb, pst.sg. intended to, desired; wolden verb, pst.pl. intended to, desired wone noun practice, custom wone verb dwell woned verb, pst. dwelt wonyng noun dwelling wont accustomed wood adj. crazy, mad, insane woodnesse noun madness woostow do you know woost verb, 2nd pers. prsnt. sg. know woot verb, 1st & 3rd pers. prsnt. sg. know, knows worthy adj. respectable, eminent worthynesse noun respectability, dignity, eminence worshipe noun honour, good reputation woxen verb grown, become

wrestling verbal noun wrestling wraw adj. grumpy, ill-tempered, peevish wreche noun vengeance wrecchednesse noun misery, wretchedness wrek verb avenge wreke, wreken verb 1. avenge, avenged; 2. revenge oneself wreye verb betray wrooth, wroth(e) adj. angry wrye verb cover wydwe noun widow wyf noun 1. wife; 2. woman wyke noun week wyket noun wicket gate wympul noun wimple, a head dress that covers all but the face wynke verb close both eyes wynnyng noun profit wyte verb blame yaf verb, pst. gave yave verb, pst. would give ybete verb, pst. prtcpl. embroidered ycleped (cleped) verb, pst. sg. called ycorve, ycorven, ykorven verb slit, cut ydelly adj. in vain, in idleness ydolastre noun idolater ye noun eye

yeer noun years yeerd, yerd noun enclosed garden yeld verb give back yelde verb reward, repay yelden verb 1. surrender; 2. pay yeman noun yeoman, freeborn servant yen noun, pl. eyes yeve, yif verb, prsnt. give yeve, yeven verb give, given yevest verb, 2nd prs. sg. give yeveth verb, 3rd prs. sg. gives yfeere, yfere adv. together yfostred verb brought up, raised yglewed verb glued ygrave verb buried yhid adj. & verb hidden yifte noun, sg. gift yiftes noun, pl. gifts yis adv. yes indeed yiven verb, pst. prtcpl. given ykembd (kembd) adj. & verb combed ylyk adj. alike, equal, like ynogh, ynough adj. & noun enough ynorissed, ynorisshed adj. bred, raised, educated yolden verb yielded

yolleden verb yelled yowthe noun youth ypayed verb paid ypocryte noun hypocrite ypreved verb proved ypunysshed verb punished yshryve verb confessed, penitent, shriven ysene adj. visible ysprad verb spread yswonke verb toiled, worked yvel adj. evil, wicked yvele apayd, apayed adj. displeased Zephirus noun the west wind that blows in Spring