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6.002 ELECTRONICS
Energy, CMOS
S1 S2
VS +
– C R2
1
T = T1 + T2 =
f
2
P = CVS f
1
Square wave input T= RL >> RON
2 f
VS 2 T
P= + CVS f >>" RC"
2 RL 2
Demo time constant
P STATIC P DYNAMIC
independent of f. related to switching
MOSFET ON half capacitor.
the time.
In standby mode,
In standby mode, half fÆ0,
the gates in a chip can so dynamic power is 0
be assumed to be on.
So P STATIC per gate is
still VS2 .
2RL
gates ⎣ 2 × 10 × 10
3
⎦
= 10 6 [1.25 milliwatts + 2.5 μ watts ]
1.25KWatts + 2.5Watts
problem ! not bad
• independent of f • αf
• also standby power • αVS2
(assume ½ MOSFETs reduce VS
ON if f Æ 0) 5VÆ1V
• must get rid of this! 2.5VÆ150mW
VS VS
RL
i RL
vO high
vI high vO low vI low
MOSFET
RON off
idea !
VS
vI high vO low
D
on when vGS ≥ VTN
G off when vGS < VTN
e.g. VTN = 1V
S
S
PU = pull up
G D
vI vO
+ D
– G PD = pull down
S
VS = 5V VS = 5V
RON p
vO vO
+ +
vI = 5V = 0V vI = 0V = 5V
– RON n –
Complementary
Called “CMOS logic”
MOS
(our previous logic was called “NMOS”)
vI vO
t
C f =
1
T
VS +
– C RON n
From
2
P = CVS f
Gates f P “keep
100 ~2.5 all
106 MHz watts Pentium? else
same”
300 ~15
2x106 MHz watts PII?
600 ~30
2x106 MHz watts PII?
~240
s p !
8x106 1.2 GHz watts
~1875
PIII?
ga
25x106 3 GHz watts PIV?
A VS 5V Æ 3V Æ 1.8V Æ 1.5V
~PIV Æ 170 watts Æ better, but high
5V 5V
0V S 5V S
on off
G D G D
VS e.g. F = A ⋅ B = A + B
short short when
when F A = 0 or B = 0,
is true,
else open open otherwise
A
Z
B short
when F short when
is true, A · B is true,
else open else open
m b er
reme gan’s law
eM o r
D