Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Examples:
a) b) c)
B. Secondary reactions:
Examples:
a) b) c) d)
C. Tertiary Reactions:
Examples:
a) b) c) d) e)
D. Quaternary Reactions
Examples:
AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS
Agglutination
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Agglutination Techniques
- commonly used in the lab - Simple, inexpensive, reliable -Useful as screening test to determine if a patient has developed an antibody to a specific antigen or if the patient has the antigen for a specific antibody. Agglutination tests can be performed using slide, test cards and test tubes, microtiter plates
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b)
Hemagglutination
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DIRECT HEMAGGLUTINATION Direct agglutination of RBC Detect ABO and Rh antigens Detect antibodies to infectious agents (i.e cold agglutinin test for detection of antibodies to M. pneumoniae which react with I antigen on red cells)
_______________________________________________________________ Test to detect febrile antibodies to Salmonella _____________________________ Test that detects febrile typhus _____________________________ B. Viral Hemagglutination Reaction _________________________________________________________________________________________
VIRAL HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION TEST - A test which inhibits viruses from agglutinating the erythrocytes and in that way reveals its presence. - Competitive binding assay
REVERSE:
Examples of carriers: * * * * *
D. Antiglobulin techniques
Generally used in Blood Banking section - Used to detect warm reacting antibody (IgG)
F. COAGGLUTINATION REACTION
S.aureus most frequently used Protein A which naturally adsorbs the Fc portion of Ig.
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Brucella melitensis Franciscella tularensis Rickettsia species Salmonella typhi DETECTION OF HETEROPHILE ANTIBODIES
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DETECTION OF AUTOIMUNE DISORDERS EXAMPLE: RF test for Rheumatoid arthritis
NEUTRALIZATION TECHNIQUE
Neutralization of toxins and viruses
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VIRAL NEUTRALIZATION TEST (Can be done using test animal)
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Results: If animal dies: - _____________________________ If animal lives: - _____________________________ TOXIN NEUTRALIZATION TEST
Principle:
Results:
DICKS test
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Principle: Results:
Interpretation of Results: