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Do now: Answer the following question in a full sentence in your composition notebook.
Who were the 3 groups of people who were moving West after the Civil War that you read about last class?
A. B. C. D. Miners, ranchers and farmers Ranchers, farmers and factor workers Immigrants, miners and ranchers Farmers, women and immigrants

EXAMPLE: The 3 groups of people moving West after the Civil War were ___________________________________________________________.

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Explore main takeaways

1. MINERS: New western towns developed quickly, but ghost towns were left behind when the gold ran out. 2. RANCHERS: The railroad changed the ranching business forever, because ranchers could now ship meat from the West to the East. 3. FARMERS: Farmers succeeded in creating new technology, but many moved back East because of bad weather conditions.

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Explain Notes: pull of the west

WHY: Settlers, miners, and ranchers went west to make money and/or have a fresh start. HOW: Homestead Act: 160 acres of free land was given to settlers who committed to building a home on the land, live there, and work the land for at least 5 years.

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Explain Notes: pull of the west

HOW: Dawes Act: Native American reservation lands were broken up and given to the U.S. government and railroad companies. Indian tribes lost almost 2/3 of their lands.

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Explain Notes: pull of the west

HOW: Railroad industry: Congress offered railroads land grants and loans so the railroads could settle western lands and turn small towns into major cities.

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Elaborate going west vs. moving Settlers, ranchers and miners went west to make money and/or have a fresh start. They were able to move west because the government established the Homestead Act and the Dawes Act and helped the railroad industry.

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Extend cause and effect

CAUSE
Miners: Gold is discovered and more settlers move west. Farmers: There was little rainfall on the plains and winter very harsh on crops. Ranchers: The transcontinental railroad connected the west to the east.

EFFECT
Small western towns became big cities.
Farmers moved back east because the weather made it too difficult to maintain crops.

Meat could now be sold to the east via the railroad.

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Explore: Industrialization
The growth of industry (creating goods and services)
MODERN DAY: What are 3 examples of industrialized countries?
INDUSTRIALIZATION

The US experienced extreme industrialization during the Gilded Age. PICTURE

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Explore: Entrepreneurs
People who take risks to begin new businesses
MODERN DAY: Who are a few famous entrepreneurs?
ENTREPRENEURS

Gilded Age entrepreneurs made money from oil, steel and the railroad.

PICTURE

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Explore: Monopoly
Exclusive possession or control of the supply of a good or service MODERN DAY:
Do you think there are any monopolies that exist today? If so, what company?
MONOPOLY

Some entrepreneurs made money by creating a monopoly on one good/service.

PICTURE

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Explore: Laissez-Faire
Government doesnt interfere with businesses, trade or the market MODERN DAY: Does the U.S. have a laissez-faire policy with business now?
LAISSEZ-FAIRE

Gilded Age bosses wanted a laissez-faire government so they could profit.

PICTURE

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Explain: Gilded Age Entrepreneurs

CORNELIUS VANDERBILT Started his own steamship company, eventually controlling Hudson River (New York) traffic Provided the first RAILROAD service between New York and Chicago JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER

Founded the STANDARD OIL COMPANY His monopoly controlled nearly all of the countrys oil-refining capacity

ANDREW CARNEGIE
Started by working for the railroad & investing his money in oil Created his own STEEL COMPANY & bought all the companies he needed to produce the steel

Big on philanthropy (giving money to charities)

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DO NOW: In your composition notebook, answer these 2 multiple choice questions in FULL SENTENCES.
1. What is industrialization? A. The movement of people from rural areas to urban areas B. An increase in the amount of money in the economy C. The growth of industry D. A decline in the creation of goods and services 2. What Gilded Age entrepreneur made his riches in the oil business? A. Andrew Carnegie B. John Rockefeller C. Cornelius Vanderbilt D. Henry Bessemer

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Is Industrialization Good or Bad?

Put a (+) next to an effect if you think it is positive. Put a (-) next to an effect if you think it is negative.

EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION 1. Huge profits for the captains of industry (Rockefeller, Carnegie, etc.) 2. United States becomes a manufacturing giant in the world 3. Immigration and migration: people began to migrate [move] to the cities for jobs 4. Urbanization: cities grew [urbanization], so there was an increase in crime, poverty, poor living conditions, bad sanitation, disease 5. Philanthropy of some industrialists 6. Growth of labor unions

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Extend: Labor Unions

Labor unions: an organized group of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests
People formed labor unions in the early 1900s because they wanted better pay, shorter hours, and better conditions

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Explore: Weird Inventions?

Patent # 174-465 Considered a very strange patent for its time At the time, the inventor didnt even know what to do with it It could be used to blend voices of singing groups Led to increased production and urbanization Alexander Graham Bells TELEPHONE!

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Explain: Gilded Age Inventions (TEST!)

TYPEWRITER: more women entered the work force ELECTRIC POWER: Thomas Edisons worked on a local current, Nikola Tesla worked on a long distance current

vs.

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Explain: Gilded Age Inventions

Why were steel, electricity, and the telephone so important for industry during the Gilded Age? How did they change peoples lives? How did they allow people to move to cities? Steel allowed skyscrapers to be built and railroad tracks to be laid Telephone instant communication allowed people to conduct business over large areas Electricity factories could run day and night with light bulbs, which increased productivity and the electric generator powered the factory machines

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Do Now:
Answer these 2 questions in your notebook in FULL SENTENCES!
1. The typewriter made it possible (Choose the best answer) A. To have new jobs for men B. For women to enter the skilled labor force C. To have a higher wage D. To work longer during the day 2. The telephone by Alexander Graham Bell was: A. An invention that didnt catch the publics eye B. As good as it is today C. Desired by businesses, they thought it was indispensable D. Sold to another company

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OPTIMISM: PULLING immigrants to America

REALITY: Life in America

Job opportunities

Unsafe working conditions

More advanced technology Underpaid: $7-$8/day or $5/week Death of family members and friends Democratic government Reunited with family members Overworked: 12 hours/day **No military service Dangerous living conditions **Nativism

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Explore: Immigrant Experience (TEST!)

NATIVISM: favoring native-born people; anti-immigrants EX: Ku Klux Klan XENOPHOBIA: irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries EX: Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

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Explain: Urbanization
**Tenement apartments: poorly built and cramped apartments in large cities; the result of extreme urbanization & thousands of people moving to the east Many working class families had to rent out part of their living space. Living conditions were made worse as people crowded together.

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Elaborate: Urbanization
POLITICAL MACHINES: organization controlled by a boss and supported by workers (immigrants), who received rewards for their efforts **When new immigrants arrived at Ellis Island, members political machines were often the first to meet them **Accepted bribes in return for favors

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Extend: Urbanization (TEST!)

Some people justified why some people became very wealthy and some stayed very poor. The philosophy came from Charles Darwins ideas of evolution.

Ideas of the Social Darwinists were: If things dont adapt, it will die out (like the dinosaurs). Any person through hard work could become wealthy and powerful **Let strong companies prosper, and let weak companies go out of business

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Extend: Urbanization (TEST!)

Most people believed that poverty was caused by laziness, alcoholism or irresponsibility. Social Gospel Movement: religious movement that believed people should apply their religious values to improve the industrialized society and help the deserving poor Who is one industrialist we talked about in class who believed in the Social Gospel Movement?
ANDREW CARNEGIE

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Explore: Government in the Gilded Age

Q: What was the governments attitude toward business at the beginning of the Gilded Age?
A: Laissez-faire: Government doesnt interfere with businesses, trade or the market

Q: Who did laissez-faire favor?

A: Laissez faire favored Gilded Age bosses and entrepreneurs (Vanderbilt, Carnegie, Rockefeller)

Q: Was this beneficial for society as a whole? Why?

A: No, because bosses could take advantage of their employees.

Q: So, what is going to happen next?

A: The government will intervene to try to solve the problem.

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