Carbon Cycle: Go to http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/co2_cycle.html and answer these questions: 1.

Draw the carbon cycle (on a separate piece of paper) 2. How does carbon exist in the atmosphere? Form of CO2 (carbon dioxide) 3. How are fossil fuels created? Explain. There are made when animal and plants die and decays at the bottom of the seas floor. And mix with the sediments. 4. Describe two ways that carbon enters the atmosphere. When us human exhale and burning fossil fuel. 5. How are the oceans involved in the carbon cycle? The ocean soaks up some of the carbon and making it acidic. 6. How is the temperature of the Earth partly controlled by carbon? Carbon traps the heat from the atmosphere. 7. What role do rocks have within the carbon cycle? The rocks hold the carbon for an amount of time. Go to http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/climate/carbon_cycle.html to play the carbon cycle game. You are a carbon atom! 8. Where are you starting within the carbon cycle? Click to begin your journey Atmosphere 9. How much of the atmosphere is made of carbon dioxide (CO2)? 0.04% 10. By how much has CO2 increased in the atmosphere during the past 150 years? 30% increase As you work through this game, take some notes about where you go as a carbon atom. Make sure you visit all reservoirs! 11. Next stop = __________Land Plant ________________ What did you learn? the more CO2 the faster the plants will grow 12. Next stop = ______________Soil_______________ What did you learn? The part the carbon goes to is the soil called detritus. Soil stores 3% of Earths carbon. The deep ocean accounts for more than _____ % of the Earths carbon. How much carbon does the surface ocean absorb from the atmosphere each year? True or False: When plants die and decay, they bring carbon into soil. 13. Next stop = ________Atmosphere________________________ What did you learn? Fossil fuel burning has increase 30% in the past 150 years.

14. Next stop = ____________Surface Ocean___________________ What did you learn? The ocean take up 90 Gigatons of carbon per year. 15. Next stop = ______________Marine Life__________________ What did you learn? They need carbon but not too much it can harm the environment. When carbon enters the deep ocean, how long does it stay there? ______hundreds of years_________ True or False: Phytoplankton are tiny plants and algae that float in the ocean and take up carbon dioxide as they grow. True True or False: Plants both absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and release it into the atmosphere. False Nitrogen Cycle: Go to http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/onlcourse/chm110/outlines/nitrogencycle.html and answer these questions. 16. What are the two conditions under which nitrogen will react with oxygen? (In other words, what is necessary for nitrogen in the air to combine with oxygen?) Presence of high temperatures and pressures found near lightning bolts and in combustion reactions in power plants or internal combustion engines 17. What are the two compounds that are formed when nitrogen combines with oxygen? NO, nitric oxide and NO2 nitrogen dioxide 18. How does nitric acid (HNO3) form? Nitric acid forms when NO2 react with water 19. Why is nitric acid (HNO3) important? The nitrates can be used as nutrients for the plants. Go to: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/N/NitrogenCycle.html and answer these questions. 20. What percentage of the air we breathe is nitrogen? 79% of the air we breathe is nitrogen. 21. Even though considerable nitrogen is available in the air, most plants do not use the nitrogen (N2) found in the air. Why not? The plants need them to be in a different form it needs to be fixed. It need fixation, so it can combine with other atoms. 22. In what compounds can plants use nitrogen? Nitrate ions (NO3) Ammonium ions (NH4+) Urea (NH2)2CO 23. How do animals get the nitrogen they need? Animal attain it by eating plants, or animals that have eaten the plant. 24. Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is pretty inert. This means that it does not easily break apart. When molecules do not break apart easily, it is difficult (or impossible) for

organisms to use them as a nutrient source. As a result, nitrogen fixation is the term used to describe the process of breaking up N2. a. What is atmospheric fixation? Atmospheric fixation is when lightning breaks the nitrogen molecules. b. What is industrial fixation? [This is how artificial fertilizers are made.] Industrial fixation is when pressure and heat and with catalyst, atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen combined to ammonia. c. What is biological fixation? (In your answer, describe the types of plants associated with the symbiotic relationship.) Biological fixation is when certain bacteria and archaea can fix nitrogen. Some live in a symbiotic relationship with legumes, other plants, termites, soil, and rice paddies. Go to: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9s.html and answer these questions. 25. Draw the nitrogen cycle: On a separate piece of paper: (Remember there are other diagrams on the previous websites.) If youre not sure what a term means, look through the reading and links for help. 26. Why is nitrogen needed by plants and animals? Nitrogen is needed to make complex molecules, like amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids. Go to http://www.mbgnet.net/fresh/cycle/index.htm. Answer the following questions. 1. Define "water cycle". Water cycle is a complex process of water that give water for animals, weather patterns to help grow the plants. 2. What fraction of the Earths surface is covered in water? 97% 3. What percentage of all the Earths water is in a form that is useable to humans and land animals? 3% Click on http://www.mbgnet.net/fresh/cycle/concepts.htm. Answer the following questions. 1. Evaporation is the process where a liquid changes from its _____liquid_____ state to a ______gaseous_____ state. 2. Why is evaporated water so clean? Evaporation leaves the impurities. 3. Condensation occurs when a ______gas______ is changed into a _____liquid_____. 4. Condensation is the opposite of ____evaporation________. 5. When the ________temperature________ and ____atmospheric pressure________ are right, the small droplets of water in clouds form larger droplets and precipitation occurs. 6. Define transpiration: When the water from the leaves evaporate 7. Define percolation: A process of liquid slowly passing through a filter Go to http://www.mbgnet.net/fresh/cycle/cycle.htm. Answer the following questions.

1. Using the terms "evaporation", "condensation", and "precipitation", explain the water cycle in your own words. The water cycle is when the water goes to different stages of phase and support life. 2. What factor is most important in determining whether water is a solid, liquid, or gas? Temperature 3. Is the amount of water on Earth always changing or is it a constant amount The amount of water remain constant through millions of years.