BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLGY FACULTY BUILDING AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT SIM UNIVERSITY SINGAPORE BPM 307: Cost Planning and Estimation Tutor-Marked Assignment 01 July 2013 Presentation Student Name: Mohamed Ali s/o N Sarwar Student ID : B1210887 Tutor : Mr Goh Ngan Hong

Page 1 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

Question 1 Your client, a private hospital developer, has asked you to provide an early stage approximate estimate for a new hospital. The hospital comprises the following departments and the floor areas for each department are as follows: X-ray Section: 2,000 m2 Operating Theatres: 10,000 m2 General Wards: 40,000 m2 Average storey height: 4m Number of beds: 2,000 The cost data updated to the current date are given below: Cost per m2: X-ray Section: $3,000 per m2 Operating Theatres: $4,000 per m2 General Wards: $2,000 per m2 Average Cost for Hospital: $2,500 per m2 Cost per m3: $600 per m3 Cost per bed: $60,000 per bed

Page 2 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

(a)

Define and describe the following approximate estimating methods: (i) Unit Method.

Unit Method is sometimes defined as functional unit method and it comprises of assigning or adopting appropriate or acceptable prevailing principle or definitive established functional unit of adopted and applied for the project and followed by aggregating and compounding the proposed or conceived number of units by an appropriate cost per functional unit. It is sometimes referred or described as performance, dwelling units or occupancy units in which a constructed dwelling, superstructure, building, house or portion of it functionally, operatively and practically outlined and invented. Such descriptions can be illustrated and represented below: a) The design and construction of educational varsities or institutions such as schools, polytechnics, colleges and universities configured and based on cost per student placement and allotment. b) The design and construction of medical, sanitarium, and hospice, hostel, lodging such as hospitals, hotels, resorts and workers quarters configured and based on cost per bed. c) The design and construction of offices configured and based on cost per workstation. d) The design and construction of stadiums, restaurants, cinemas and cafeterias based on cost per seat e) The design and construction of car parks based on cost per car park lot. Extract from the BCIS functional unit prices section fro schools is shown in the table below:

Page 3 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

This procurement and modus operandi is applicable only when the buildings intention and purpose can be determined, interpreted and scrutinized contentiously in terms of functional units which is rather unrealizable and infeasible such as banks, recreational facilities like theme and amusement parks, fun fairs, addition and alteration works like renovations/extensions of buildings and often contradicts and challenge such functional analysis. Fully completed or finished projects or contracts of correlative, related and identical in nature as in the overall type, size and construction patterns through the project archive, portfolios and updates stored are needed to be examined and scrutinized in choosing or adopting the suitable rate (See Scenario 1). Modification and allowance have to be considered and catered due to varying or differential site conditions and circumstances, work scope, market outlook, global trend, deflation and inflation. Scenario 1: Total estimated cost for a new hospital Functional units: 500 number of beds Cost per bed basing on recent project archives: $100,000 Total estimated cost = $100,000 x 500 = $50,000,000

Page 4 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

Derivation of facts or data on the functional units are usually retrieved or obtained from clients while the cost per functional unit are deduced from analysis of preceding or past functional unit costs or from established Standards of Rates (SOR) or building price book from reliable publisher. It is one of the basic, self explanatory, generic and swift means and approach to be employed. It should be used with alertness and prudence as it is inadequate in terms of accuracy n exactness and at best a approximate and analogous instrument for inaugurating and substantiating general guidelines. It is usually validated and adopted in the initial stage or very early phase. It is not advisable to be used beyond the briefing phase of a project or contract since more information and data would be available and thus more accurate strategy or method could be exercised. The differences in the variation rely on the type of construction, method and finishing quality and standard. It stipulates and designates the cost limits and boundary for particular and distinguished building characteristics and types. (ii) Superficial Method.

It is sometimes defined or known as floor area method and most commonly and widely adopted. The technique or approach employs a single rate based on cost per m2 to estimate and conclude the cost of building. The built up area of each floor is summed up or added up to form an overall total which is then multiplied by cost per m2. The method or approach is adopted by acquiring and retrieving the gross floor area (GFA) of the project or contract from drawings, tender and design brief or alternatively by procuring the cost/m2 of GFA from previous or precedent identical project or contract which is modified and updated to prevailing prices or rates, W1. Thus cost of project = GFA x W1. Most common method utilized for early and advanced guesstimate and valuation purposes producing or bearing computed result or output which is easily simply understood and acknowledged by industry, stakeholders, end users and customers. Additionally, it incorporates comparatively easier calculation for floor area as in scenario 2 below: Scenario 2: Total cost of a three-storey warehouse building GFA = 2,000 m2 Rate = $1,500/m2 Total Cost = GFA x cost/m2 = 2,000 x $1,500 = $3,000,000

and

Page 5 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

Derivation of GFA can be validated and determined by numerous and diversified ways. One of the ways is by measurement or calculation of the area with the provided drawings. UK approach uses the area termed the GFA described by the Building Cost Information Services (BCIS) in the superficial method. The GFA encompasses or incorporates the total of enveloped or covered spaces satisfying or complying with the functional requirements of the building calculated or measured within the structural surface or elements of the enclosed partitions or walls. An extract from BCIS in the table below is used to show cost per m2 for hotels based on the discussed GFA.

It should consider and take account of areas taken up or built up by partitions, columns, chimney breasts, internal or party walls, staircases, lift wells, refuse chutes, lift plant, water tank rooms above the main roof slabs including sloping surfaces like the staircases, handicap ramps, layered terraces. The calculation of the GFA should take in consideration of unenclosed spaces which should be reflected or displayed separately. The unenclosed spaces fulfilling the functional requirements of the building may include or envisage opened ground slab, open covered link ways, link buildings, pavilions, seating areas, private verandahs and balconies, etc. Australian approach, on the other hand, derives GFA from the addition of the fully enclosed covered area (FECA) and unenclosed covered area (UCA). UCAs may form a considerable or significant ratio or portion of the total built up area with the following calculation: GFA = FECA + UCA. The FECA consists of the addition of all areas at very floor storey in a building or structure inclusive of the basement levels, floored roof spaces, penthouse, attics, enclosed porches, enclosed covered link ways attached to alongside of buildings, main distribution rooms, riser ducts, equipment rooms, lift shafts, motor rooms and any other fully enclosed space and usable areas of the building. The computations can be made by scaling, taking off or calculating the normal internal or interior surface of exterior walls disregarding or neglecting protrusions and projections such as plinths, columns, piers and etc. However, it does not include open areas of courts, lobbies, halls, segregated covered link ways, interstitial spaces and etc which extend beyond the computed storey.

Page 6 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

The UCA consist of the addition of all areas at very floor storey in a building or structure which are not enclosed encompassing roofed balconies, open verandas, porches and porticos, uncovered link ways attached alongside buildings, undercrofts and usable space under buildings, unenclosed access galleries which includes ground floor and other vehicular covered areas of building not fully covered by full height walls. The computations can be made by scaling, taking off or calculating the bounded and intervening area between the surrounding walls and balustrade from the internal surface of UCA disregarding and neglecting the thickness of the wall or balustrade. Where any sheltering, screening or covering features such as roofs, canopies, etc braced or resting on columns, suspended or cantilevered or combination of these, such measurements or computations shall be obtain or procured to the edge of the paving or to the edge of the cover, whichever is smaller. Awnings, sun shading, eaves awnings and etc which does not form part of the covered areas nor connecting or isolated covered walkways should not be included in the UCA. Where size or area of site plot ratio is known or given, calculation of allowable floor area can be computed for planning assessment as seen in scenario 3 below: Scenario 3: Planning Assessment Area/size of site = 800m2 Plot ratio = 2:5:1 Allowable or permitted GFA on this site = 2000m2 To cater or accommodate specific area per person or per activity, supplementary or extra area need to allocated, accumulated or summate for the computation on a unit basis. In cases where client may rule out or command for precondition or specifications in terms or in view of Usable Floor Area (UFA) or Net Rentable Area (NRA), then useable area may need to be computed. Usable Floor Area constitute the total sum of floor areas computed at every floor levels from the general internal surface of walls of all inside rooms which are deemed to be the basic function of the building. The computation can be done by calculating the FECA and subtracting the extra or excess areas to the main function of the building. Areas like service areas, fire access, common areas and non-habitable areas are omitted out in the calculation.

Page 7 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

Net Rentable Area constitute the total sum of all rentable areas inside a commercially prototype building. It is calculated from the interior surface of external walls and windows at a height more than 1.5 metre from floor level as well as those areas taken up or filled up by the structural columns. Elements such as staircase, toilets, lift shafts, escalators, ramps, lift lobbies, lift motor and pumps rooms, car parks, access ways are omitted. The GFA can be calculated as follows in Scenario 4 below: Scenario 4: Proposed office block Required NRA = 15000m2 Efficiency = NRA/GFA = 75% GFA = 15000m2/0.75 = 20000m2 Rates employed or utilized in the calculations can be retrieved from internal office records or archives. Conscientiously and discreetly adopt or pick rates from published cost guides affiliated or corresponding to similar prototype of building and of similar nature. However, each element should be measured according their corresponding functions and respective rates would then need to be applied. The extracted or adopted estimated rate form the basis for the rate of the cost of a general or common building or structure within the confined function or quality boundary and purview and not those complexes and elaborated designed building or structure. The costing for external works, precinct works, and exceptional components in the substructure works such as piling works or peculiar foundation works in the prime costs, provisional costs and contingency sums independently of tendered sums such as lump sums or reimbursable cost contract or measured term contract and added as separate entity. An extract has been taken from BCIS in the table below for illustration to display the various available facts and data for cost planning proposals and purposes. The location is UK based for the 4th quarter of 2005.

Page 8 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

This method is applicable only if floor area can be determined, measured and computed fairly well and precisely. It is employed only during the initial stages and not at the successive stages as more useful and prominent statistics, data and information would then be obtainable and realizable. It is adopted where immediate, prompt or express and self explanatory estimates are required. Where modification or readjustments for variations in plan architecture, floor height, site condition, construction methods or modus operandi, quality and quantity are tedious, this method could be applied. It is advisable to verify and scrutinize the rates published in the price books for inclusions or exclusions of major and extensive installations such as lifts, air conditioners and fire protection system to prevent miscalculations, misinterpretation or misjudgment. Isolated and supplementary provisions and allowances have to be catered for non standard, exceptional and unconventional items and works beyond the exterior surface of the building that covers the precinct works, landscaping, underground services, special civil and earth works and foundations.

Page 9 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

(iii)

Cube Method.

This cube method is defined as the singular rate form of estimating but established on the basis of cubic volume or content or filling of a building. It was widely adopted in the 20 th century and since been discarded and obsolete due to its intrinsic and characteristics disadvantages. It is described as cost per cubic content and listed and recorded in the office price book once the contract is signed. The cost price of a new work area or scope would then be ascertained by computing the volume and the appropriate or corresponding rate. Rules governing such measurements are complicated and regulated by the Royal Institutions of British Architects (RIBA) in the UK. The cubic content is derived by calculating the length and breadth of a building between the normal outside face of the external or enclosing abutments or walls. While the height of the building is defined and calculated from the top of the foundation to the mid point of the slope of the pitched roof or 0.61 metres above the level of the roof in the instances of flat roof. The volumes of any ancillaries or projections such porcher, chimneys, ducts, ducts, stacks, etc to the earlier calculated main volume. The calculation can be illustrated as follows in Scenario 5 below: Scenario 5: Proposed office block Cubic content = 15000m3 Rate per cubic meter = $500/m3 Total estimated cost = $7500000 Sources of reliable cost data are scantily available and only kept or archived by older quantity surveyors or practitioners. It was created to cater the aftermath of the variation of floor height on the rates being used. (iv) Functional Area Method. (20 marks)

Functional area method is defined as any faction of lodging or residence which has a typical work function within a certain type of building inclusive of all the necessary circulation. The rationale for in this method differs from the GFA iterated as in the superficial method. It is a further refinement or transformation of the overall area into the component functional areas. This mechanism or process can be adopted only if the type and space area could be determined and computed. It is a combination or blend of the functional unit method with the superficial method of estimating. A listing or index of functional areas is conferred or given by The Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (AIQS) for the following building groups or categories: primary schools, secondary schools/junior colleges, polytechnics and

Page 10 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

technical institutes and general hospitals. This record and testimony intends to formulate consistency of classification and identification of functional areas so that end users, quantity surveyors and architects can liaise and coordinate their prerequisites and resolution on a common or level platform. As such, a massive and extensive database or directory of buildings initially analysed to be converted into functional area costs. It is complicated and time consuming as elemental cost analysis is needed with reference to the tender sum before segregating or subdividing between the various functional spaces. The functional area for each function are aggregated or multiplied with the functional area rates and summed or totalled.

(b)

Work out the estimated cost of a hospital using each of the methods. (i) Unit Method. Functional units: 2000 number of beds Cost per bed: $60,000 based on updated data Total estimated cost = $60,000 x 2000 = $120,000,000 (ii) Superficial Method.

Page 11 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

X Ray Section GFA 2,000 m2 Total GFA Updated Rate Overall Total Cost (iii) Cube Method.

Operating Theatres GFA 10,000 m2 52,000 m2 $2,500 per m2 $130,000,000

General Wards GFA 40,000 m2

X Ray Section GFA 2,000 m2 Height 4m Cubic 8,000 m3 content Cost per m3 Total Cost $4,800,000 Overall Total Cost

Operating Theatres GFA 10,000 m2 Height 4m Cubic 40,000 m3 content $600 per m3 Total Cost $24,000,000 $124,800,000 Or

General Wards GFA 40,000 m2 Height 4m Cubic 160,000 m3 content

Total Cost

$96,000,000

X Ray Section GFA 2,000 m2 Total GFA Height Cubic content Cost per m3 Overall Total Cost

Operating Theatres General Wards 2 GFA 10,000 m GFA 40,000 m2 52,000 m2 4m 208,000 m3 $600 per m3 $124,800,000

(iv)

Functional Area Method.

(20 marks)

Page 12 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

X Ray Section GFA 2,000 m2 Rate $3,000/m2 Total Cost Overall Total Cost $6,000,000

Operating Theatres GFA 10,000 m2 Rate $4,000/m2 Total Cost

General Wards GFA 40,000 m2 Rate $2,000/m2 $80,000,000

$40,000,000 Total Cost $126,000,000

Question 2

Page 13 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

(a)

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using approximate quantities. (20 marks) Approximate quantities method represent composite items which are measured by combining or grouping together typical bill-measured items (Ashworth, 1994, p84). The method relates cost to the actual work to be carried out where only major items of cost importance are measured. The advantages of using approximate quantities are that it is easy to understand and use, no formulas and regulation to learn, indicates or exhibits the prevalent and updated practice and way developers are valuing and pricing construction work, it is speedier and faster than complete measurement, ensures costing more particular or distinct to each project in comparison to adopting other single price rate for estimation and hence it is easier to manage the cost during client conference to fulfill their needs as the amount of work is calculated and valued using lesser elements and features. Illustration 1,

The stakeholder, end users, clients or customer may desire to explore and review numerous and diversified options alterations, modifications to the prototype or design and wants these calculated and priced fast and expeditiously. As such, with the use of the approximate method, the contract or cost managers or the quantity adviser has readily available, organized and prepared access or database for blended and synthesized details, items such as ground floor, wall, roof, door, etc. The contract or cost managers or the quantity adviser can these rates to enhance or build up an amended and revised costing instantaneously for items and features such as ground suspended floor, eternal cavity wall, roof penthouses, decorative door, etc. As compared to the Bill of Quantities, the price and cost for such components and features of the building would be distributed across or beyond several separate and different craftsman, trades and categories within the BQ. Concurrently, the disadvantages encompass enlightening circumstantial and substantial information and facts about the assignment, job or project with a degree and tendency of mistakes, errors or lapses if certain works or trades are repressed or slipped off or inadvertently omitted. Thus, such in such instances or occurrences consume additional time than adopting single unit rate method even with proven accuracy. Due to its inherent and distinctive for each individuals or offices to cluster or assemble different trades or items together resulting in migratory, mobility and portability issues among individuals and different or scattered offices.

Page 14 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

(b) You are to advise the client on the cost per m 2 for the composite item of upper floors including beams/drop panels and columns of a building (assuming floor to floor height of 3.50m) having the following constructions: A list of unit rates is given in Table Q2. Description Reinforced Concrete in beams and slab Formwork to soffit of slabs Formwork to drop panels 100-200mm high Reinforcement in slabs (Y12 at 300c/c top and bottom both ways) Y12 reinforcement bars = 0.888kg/m Screeded finish and curing Reinforced Concrete in columns Formwork to sides and soffit of beams Formworks to sides of columns Reinforcement in columns/beams (Y20 and R10) Y20 reinforcement bars = 2.466kg/m R10 reinforcement bars = 0.616kg/m Column 6 Nos of Y20 along the length of columns R10 ties at 300c/c Beam 4 Nos of Y20 along the length of beams R10 ties at 150c/c Table Q2: Unit Rates Unit Rate $185/ m3 $41/ m2 $11.50/m $1,450/ton $3.50/ m2 $205/ m3 $56/ m2 $53/ m2 $1,450/ton

Page 15 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

(i)

250mm thick reinforced concrete suspended floor slab with 1500x1500x150mm drop panels and supported by 400x400mm reinforced concrete columns on a 6500mm grid; (20 marks) The cost per m2 is 21,145.24 169 = $125.12 as calculated in the Table.
13 m 3.25 m 6.5 m 3.25 m

Legend : Slab (250 mm) Drop Panel (1500 x 1500 x 150 mm) Column (400 x 400 mm)

3.25 m

6.5 m

13 m

3.25 m

Page 16 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

SCREED 250 mm SLAB

0.25 m

DROP PANEL

0.15 m

3.5 m

COLUMN

3.10 m

SCREED 250 mm SLAB

Page 17 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

S/No: (1)

Structural Elements Suspended Floor Slab Screeded and finish Concrete Formwork Soffit Sides (Assume same rate as soffit as the thickness is more than 100-200mm high for drop panels) Reinforcement Number of bars = 13000/300 = 43 + 1 = 44 nos (4 x 44 x 13 x 0.888) 1000 = 2.0156

Timesing

Length

Width

Height

Quantity

Unit

Rate ($)

Amount ($)

13.00 13.00

13.00 13.00 0.25

169.00 42.25

m2 m3

3.50 185.00

591.50 7816.25

13.00 13.00

13.00 0.25

169.00 13.00

m2 m2

41.00 41.00

6929.00 533.00

2.02 Total

tonne

1450.00

2929.00 18,798.75

(2)

Drop Panel Concrete Formwork Reinforcement Assuming similar to slab : Number of bars = 1500/300 = 5 + 1 = 6 nos (4 x 6 x 1.5 x 0.888) 1000 = 0.032 0.03 Total tonne 1450.00 43.50 569.25 1.5 24 4 4/4/ 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.15 1.35 24.00 m3 m 185.00 11.50 249.75 276.00 4 4

(3)

Column Concrete Formwork Reinforcement R10 Nnumber of R10 bars = 3100/300 = 10 + 1 = 11 nos (4 x 11 x 4 x 0.4 x 0.616) 1000 = 0.043 0.04 Y20 (4 x 6 x 3.10 x 2.466) 1000 = 0.183 Total tonne 1450.00 58.00 4 4/4/ 0.40 0.40 0.40 3.10 3.10 1.98 19.84 m3 m2 205.00 53.00 406.72 1051.52
4 4 0.4 3.1 19.84

0.18

tonne

1450.00

261.00 1,777.24 21,145.24

Overall Total Overall Area Therefore the cost per m2 is 21,145.24 169 = $125.12 13 m x 13 m

21,145.24 169 m 2

Page 18 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

(ii)

150mm thick reinforced concrete suspended floor slab with 400x350mm deep (below slab) beams running along column grid and supported by 400 x 400mm reinforced concrete columns on a 7500mm grid. (20 marks) The cost per m2 27,668.22 225 = $122.97 as calculated in the Table below which highlight with large area and beams and thinner slab, it is still cheaper than the thicker slab and drop panel with smaller area due to the inverse proportion.
15 m 3.75 m 7.5 m 3.75 m

Legend : Slab (250 mm) Beam (400 x 350 mm) Column (400 x 400 mm)

3.75 m

7.5 m

15 m

3.75 m

Page 19 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

SCREED 250 mm SLAB

0.15 m

BEAM

0.35 m

3.5 m

COLUMN

3.00 m

SCREED 250 mm SLAB

Page 20 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

S/No: (1)

Structural Elements Suspended Floor Slab Screeded and finish Concrete Formwork Soffit - Type 1 Soffit - Type 2 Soffit - Type 3 Soffit - Type 4 Sides Sides (Assume same rate as drop panel as the thickness of 150 mm is within the 100200mm high for drop panels) Reinforcement Number of bars = 15000/300 = 50 + 1 = 51 nos (4 x 51 x 15 x 0.888) 1000 = 2.717

Timesing

Length

Width

Height

Quantity

Unit

Rate ($) Amount ($)

15.00 15.00

15.00 15.00 0.15

225.00 33.75

m2 m3

3.50 185.00

787.50 6,243.75

2 2 4 4

7.10 7.10 7.10 3.55 15.00

7.10 3.55 3.55 3.55

50.41 50.41 50.41 50.41 60.00

m2 m2 m2 m2 m

41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 11.50

2,066.81 2,066.81 2,066.81 2,066.81 690.00

2.72 Total

tonne

1450.00

3,939.65 19,928.14

(2)

Beam Concrete Formwork Soffit B1 Soffit B2 Sides B1 Sides B2 Reinforcement R10 Number of bars = 15000/150 = 100 + 1 = 101 nos (4 x 2( 0.4+0.35) x 101 x 0.616) 1000 = 0.0696 0.07 Y20 (4 x 4 x 15 x 2.466) 1000 = 0.592 Total tonne 1450.00 101.50 4 15.00 0.40 0.35 8.40 m3 185.00 1554.00 12 2 6.9

8 4 16 8

3.55 7.10 3.55 7.10

0.40 0.40 0.35 0.35

11.36 11.36 19.88 19.88

m2 m2 m2 m2

56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00

636.16 636.16 1113.28 1113.28

0.35 57.96

0.59

tonne

1450.00

855.50 6,009.88

(3)

Column Concrete Formwork Reinforcement R10 The number of R10 bars = 3000/300 = 10 + 1 = 11 nos (4 x 11 x 4 x 0.4 x 0.616) 1000 = 0.043 0.04 Y20 (4 x 6 x 3.00 x 2.466) 1000 = 0.1776 Total Overall Total Overall Area Therefore the cost per m is 27,668.22 225 = $122.97
2

4 4/4/

0.40 0.40

0.40 3.00

3.00

1.92 19.20

m3 m2

205.00 53.00

393.60 1017.60
9 4 0.4 3.35 48.24

tonne

1450.00

58.00

0.18

tonne

1450.00

261.00 1,730.20 27,668.22

15 m x 15 m

225m 2

Page 21 of 22

BPM 305 (TMA01) PROJECT SCHEDULING AND CONTROL (MOHAMED ALI B1210887)

References: 1) Timothy J. Kloppenborg, Contemporary Project Management, Organise/Plan/Perform, South-Western, Cengage Learning, pp.91-104, 149-199, 242-257,276-280,355-372. Project Management Institute (PMI), A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, 4th Edition, Newton Square, Chapter 3, Chapter 5 -9. Portney Stanley E, Project Management for Dummies, 2007, Wiley Publishing. Smith, Jim & Jaggar, David, Building Cost Planning for the Design Team, 2 nd edition, Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, UK.

2) 3) 4)

Page 22 of 22