A RESEARCH PROJECT ON THE STUDY OF THE SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE SCHEMES IN VARIOUS HOSPITALS IN NORTH INDIA SUBMITTED

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Under The Supervision: Dr. Shweta Hooda Solanki (CHAIRPERSON School Of Management Studies) B.P.S.M.V Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat

Submitted By:Aparna Pahal MBA 4th SEM Roll No.:- 100806

Bhagat Phool Singh Women University Khanpur Kalan Sonipat (Haryana) Web site: - www.bpswomenuniversity.ac.in/

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DECLARATION

I, APARNA PAHAL hereby declare that the report on all fulfillments of the requirements for the award of the degree in Masters in Business Administration is a record of original work done by me during the period of study 2011-2012, under the guidance and supervision of Dr. Shweta Hooda Solanki (Chairperson of School of Management Studies). I further declare that all the facts and figures furnished in this project report are the outcome of my own intensive research and findings and the same project has not been submitted to any other institution for the award of any other degree.

Signature of the Candidate APARNA PAHAL

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report entitled "The study of the safety, health & welfare schemes in various hospitals in north INDIA being submitted by Aparna Pahal in partial fulfillment for award of degree of MBA is to the best of my knowledge a record of his own work carried out by her under my supervision.

In addition the matter embodied in this report has not been submitted for award of any other degree elsewhere.

I therefore recommend this report for submission.

Dr. Shweta Hooda Solanki (CHAIRPERSON School of Management Studies)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
There is always a sense of gratitude, which is to be expressed to others for the helpful and needy services they render during all phrases of life. I really wish to express my gratitude towards all those who have been helpful to my project. My special thanks to Dr. Shweta Hooda Solanki (MY PROJECT GUIDE) who was become light for me in this endeavor .I will always be thankful to her for her kind help and cooperation to me during project.

(APARNA PAHAL)

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PREFACE

The report involves the study of the safety, health and welfare schemes of employees in the various hospitals in north INDIA. I have tried to explain the concept of welfare schemes provided to the employees. In this report an attempt is made by giving some suggestions to improve the satisfaction level of employees regarding the safety and health facilities. It is hope that the subject matter and the suggestions provided by me will be useful for the various hospitals.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO.
1.

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRY INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT REVIEW OF LITERATURE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH OBJECTIVES RESEARCH METHODOLOGY DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS FINDINGS SUGGESTIONS LIMITATIONS CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY ANNEXURES

PAGE NO.
7-42 8-36 37-43 44-47 48-52 49 50-52 53-75 76-78 77 78 79-80 81-82 83-87 88-91

2. 3.

4. 5.

6. 7.

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INTRODUCTION TO THE HOSPITAL INDUSTRY

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INTRODUCTION TO THE HOSPITAL INDUSTRY

Hospital industry is an important component of the value chain in Indian Healthcare industry rendering services and recognized as healthcare delivery segment of the healthcare industry, which is growing at an annual rate of 14%. The size of the Indian healthcare industry is estimated at Rs. 1,717 billion in 2007. It is estimated to grow by 2012 to Rs. 3,163 billion at 13% CAGR. The private sector accounts for nearly 80% of the healthcare market, while public expenditure accounts for 20%. The country had 15,393 (2005) hospitals, which had 8.75 lakh hospital beds. According to the WHO report, India needs to add 80,000 hospital beds each year for the next five years to meet the demands of its growing population. Newfound prosperity of many Indian households is spurring demand for high-quality medical care, transforming the healthcare delivery sector into a profitable industry. Medial tourism is changing the face of traditional healthcare industry in India. Indias excellence in the field of modern medicine and its ancient methods of physical and spiritual wellbeing make it the most favourable destination for good health and peaceful living. Indias cost advantage and explosive growth of private hospitals, equipped with latest technology and skilled healthcare professionals has made it a preferred destination for medical tourism. According to Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Indian medical tourism that was valued at US$350 million in 2006, is estimated to grow into a US$2 billion industry by 2012. The healthcare sector in India is undergoing a phase of reform propelled by rapid economic growth. Apart from the healthcare providers, emerging markets such as diagnostic chains and medical device manufacturers, are attracting increasing amounts of investment. In comparison to all 32 states, Maharashtra forecasted to maintain its dominance as the state with highest cumulative healthcare infrastructure expenditure, with spend of $ 7.3 billion between 2009 - 2013.

Twelve states spent less than $100million each in 2006, together representing less than 4.5 per cent of total national expenditure and 3.6 per cent of the population. Manipur and Nagaland expected to grow the fastest on development of healthcare expenditure over 8 per cent, against an overall national average of 5.8 percent (between 2009 - 2013). Uttar Pradesh that hosts over 16 percent of the population is presently amongst lowest spenders in terms of expenditure per person (less than $ 5 as per 2006 figures, expected to grow to USD 25 between 2009-2013).

The health infrastructure across Indian states is projected to grow by an average of 5.8 percent per annum between 2009-2013, taking the total expenditure in 2013 to USD 14.2 billion, suggests the Indian Healthcare edition of KPMG's trend monitor. "While the Indian healthcare system has grown manifold over

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the past few years, it has yet not been able to keep pace with the rapid rise in the population. One example of that is the availability of hospital beds in our country against a world average of four beds per 1,000 population, India lags behind at just over 0.7 presently. There is a dire need to introduce some radical reforms in the healthcare infrastructure development process use of PPP models on a larger scale; foreign investments are some which could be considered.

There is a growing need to deal with the issues of urban healthcare infrastructure as rural to urban migration has significantly increased the demand for these services. The Indian healthcare system is controlled by respective state authorities, presenting an opportunity to improve responsiveness to healthcare needs at a more local level. There is opportunity to improve responsiveness to country's healthcare needs at a more local level due to uneven focus on healthcare infrastructure in India. This can be attributed to the healthcare system in the country which is controlled by respective state authorities. The variety of organisational structures and processes in healthcare delivery may result in greater inequalities between geographical areas. There is a growing agenda to deal with the issues of urban healthcare infrastructure as rural to urban migration has significantly increased demand for these services. The Indian healthcare industry is estimated to double in value by 2012 and more than quadruple by 2017. The main factors propelling this growth are rising income levels, changing demographics and illness profiles, with a shift from chronic to lifestyle diseases. This is likely to result in considerable infrastructure challenges and opportunities.

TRENDS IN THE HOSPITAL FINANCIAL PICTURE

In 1992 (the most recent year for which complete financial data are available), the overall financial condition of Indian hospitals was better than it had been in a decade. However, low-performing hospitals were falling further behind their high-performing counterparts. Moreover, the continuing drop in prices for services, which requires hospitals to achieve greater productivity and cost control, may pose a threat to the ability of some to maintain high-quality care in the future. Over the last few years, most hospital balance sheets have been conservative in structure; they have emphasized holding cash and investments and reducing the percentage of long-term debt relative to equity. Despite increasing competitive pressures and reductions in payments from government sources, income from operations has been growing, largely because of improved cost control. However, two trends detract from this otherwise positive financial picture. First, the gap between the best performing and worst performing hospitals in the industry has been widening. Every other facet of financial performance in the low-performing hospitals also has been deteriorating rapidly. The primary cause of poor profitability in many of the hospitals is a bloated cost structure. For every case mix-adjusted discharge, the low-performing hospitals require, on average, 11 more hours of labor than do the high-performing hospitals

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OVERVIEW OF HOSPITAL INDUSTRY

Hospital industry is the world's largest industry with total revenues of approx US$ 2.8 Trillion (2005). India's high population makes it an important player in the Healthcare Industry. According to the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority, the Indian healthcare industry has the potential to show the same exponential growth that the software industry showed in the past decade. In India, 80% of the healthcare expenditure is borne by the patients and that borne by the state is 12%. The expenditure covered by insurance claims is 3%. As a result, the price sensitivity is quite high and the high-level healthcare facilities are not in the reach of patients. Among the top five therapeutic segments, gastro-intestinal and cardiac therapies are experiencing both high volume and value growth. Opthologicals, cardiovascular, antidiabetic and neurological drugs continue to top the growth list. The anti-infective, neurology, cardiovascular and anti-diabetic segments have witnessed a high number of new product launches in the recent years. With increasing number of non-insured population in western countries and increasing healthcare expenditure to GDP resulting in people to opt for treatment options out side their country. Medical Tourism in India will be one of the major sources for foreign exchange.

HEALTHCARE INFRASTRUCTURE
The Indian healthcare industry is seen to be growing at a rapid pace and is expected to become a US$280 billion industry by 2022 . The Indian healthcare market was estimated at US$35 billion in 2007 and is expected to reach over US$70 billion by 2012 and US$145 billion by 2017. According to the Investment Commission of India the healthcare sector has experienced phenomenal growth of 12 percent per annum in the last 4 years. Rising income levels and a growing elderly population are all factors that are driving this growth. In addition, changing demographics, disease profiles and the shift from chronic to lifestyle diseases in the country has led to increased spending on healthcare delivery .Even so, the vast majority of the country suffers from a poor standard of healthcare infrastructure which has not kept up with the growing economy. Despite having centers of excellence in healthcare delivery, these facilities are limited and are inadequate in meeting the current healthcare demands. Nearly one million Indians die every year due to inadequate healthcare facilities and 700 million people have no access to specialist care and 80% of specialists live in urban areas. In order to meet manpower shortages and reach world standards India would require

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investments of up to $20 billion over the next 5 years . Forty percent of the primary health centers in India are understaffed. According to WHO statistics there are over 250 medical colleges in the modern system of medicine and over 400 in the Indian system of medicine and homeopathy (ISM&H). India produces over 250,000 doctors annually in the modern system of medicine and a similar number of ISM&H practitioners, nurses and para professionals . Better policy regulations and the establishment of public private partnerships are possible solutions to the problem of manpower shortage.

India faces a huge need gap in terms of availability of number of hospital beds per 1000 population. With a world average of 3.96 hospital beds per 1000 population India stands just a little over 0.7 hospital beds per 1000 population.. Moreover, India faces a shortage of doctors, nurses and paramedics that are needed to propel the growing healthcare industry. India is now looking at establishing academic medical centers (AMCs) for the delivery of higher quality care with leading examples of The Manipal Group & All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) already in place. As incomes rise and the number of available financing options in terms of health insurance policies increase, consumers become more and more engaged in making informed decisions about their health and are well aware of the costs associated with those decisions. In order to remain competitive, healthcare providers are now not only looking at improving operational efficiency but are also looking at ways of enhancing patient experience overall.

ROLE OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT Central government efforts at influencing public health have focused on the five-year plans, on coordinated planning with the states, and on sponsoring major health programs. Government expenditures are jointly shared by the central and state governments. Goals and strategies are set through central-state government consultations of the Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. Central government efforts are administered by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, which provides both administrative and technical services and manages medical education. States provide public services and health education. The 1983 National Health Policy is committed to providing health services to all by 2000. In 1983 health care expenditures varied greatly among the states and union territories, from Rs 13 per capita in Bihar to Rs 60 per capita in Himachal Pradesh, and Indian per capita expenditure was low when compared with otherAsian countries outside of South Asia. Although government health care spending progressively grew throughout the 1980s, such spending as a percentage of the gross national product (GNP) remained fairly constant. In the meantime, health care spending as a share of total government spending decreased. During

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the same period, private-sector spending on health care was about 1.5 times as much as government spending.

PRIMARY SERVICES
Health care facilities and personnel increased substantially between the early 1950s and early 1980s, but because of fast population growth, the number of licensed medical practitioners per 10,000 individuals had fallen by the late 1980s to three per 10,000 from the 1981 level of four per 10,000. In 1991 there were

approximately ten hospital beds per 10,000 individuals. However for comparison, the in China for comparison there are 1.4 doctors per 1000 people. Primary health centers are the cornerstone of the rural health care system. By 1991, India had about 22,400 primary health centers, 11,200 hospitals, and 27,400 clinics. These facilities are part of a tiered health care system that funnels more difficult cases into urban hospitals while attempting to provide routine medical care to the vast majority in the countryside. Primary health centers and subcenters rely on trained paramedics to meet most of their needs. The main problems affecting the success of primary health centers are the predominance of clinical and curative concerns over the intended emphasis on preventive work and the reluctance of staff to work in rural areas. In addition, the integration of health services with family planning programs often causes the local population to perceive the primary health centers as hostile to their traditional preference for large families. Therefore, primary health centers often play an adversarial role in local efforts to implement national health policies. According to data provided in 1989 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the total number of civilian hospitals for all states and union territories combined was 10,157. In 1991 there was a total of 811,000 hospital and health care facilities beds. The geographical distribution of hospitals varied according to local socio-economic conditions. In India's most populous state, Uttar Pradesh, with a 1991 population of more than 139 million, there were 735 hospitals as of 1990. In Kerala, with a 1991 population of 29 million occupying an area only one-seventh the size of Uttar Pradesh, there were 2,053 hospitals. Although central government has set a goal of health care for all by 2000, hospitals are distributed unevenly. Private studies of India's total number of hospitals in the early 1990s were more conservative than official Indian data, estimating that in 1992 there were 7,300 hospitals. Of this total, nearly 4,000 were owned and managed by central, state, or local governments. Another 2,000, owned and managed by charitable trusts,

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received partial support from the government, and the remaining 1,300 hospitals, many of which were relatively small facilities, were owned and managed by the private sector. The use of state-of-the-art medical equipment was primarily limited to urban centers in the early 1990s. A network of regional cancer diagnostic and treatment facilities was being established in the early 1990s in major hospitals that were part of government medical colleges. By 1992 twenty-two such centers were in operation. Most of the 1,300 private hospitals lacked sophisticated medical facilities, although in 1992 approximately 12% possessed state-of-the-art equipment for diagnosis and treatment of all major diseases,

including cancer. The fast pace of development of the private medical sector and the burgeoning middle class in the 1990s have led to the emergence of the new concept in India of establishing hospitals and health care facilities on a for-profit basis.

By the late 1980s, there were approximately 128 medical colleges - roughly three times more than in 1950. These medical colleges in 1987 accepted a combined annual class of 14,166 students. Data for 1987 show that there were 320,000 registered medical practitioners and 219,300 registered nurses. Various studies have shown that in both urban and rural areas people preferred to pay and seek the more sophisticated services provided by private physicians rather than use free treatment at public health centers.

HEALTH INSURANCE
The majority of the Indian population is unable to access high quality healthcare provided by private players as a result of high costs. Many are now looking towards insurance companies for providing alternative financing options so that they too may seek better quality healthcare. The opportunity remains huge for insurance providers entering into the Indian healthcare market since75% of expenditure on healthcare in India is still being met by out-of-pocket consumers [11].Even though only 10% of the Indian population today has health insurance coverage, this industry is expected to face tremendous growth over the next few years as a result of several private players that have entered into the market. Health insurance coverage among urban, middle- and upper-class Indians, however, is significantly higher and stands at approximately 50% . The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) is the governing body responsible for promoting insurance business and introducing insurance regulations in India . The share of public sector

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companies in health insurance premiums was 76% and that of private sector companies was 24% for the period 2005-06. Health insurance premiums collected over 2005-06 registered a growth of 35% over the previous year . In 2001 the IRDA introduced provisions for Third Party Administrators (TPAs) to support the administration and management of health insurance products offered by insurance companies. TPAs are facilitators in the coordination process between the health insurance provider and the hospital. Currently there are 27 TPAs registered under the IRDA. Health insurance has a way of increasing accessibility to quality healthcare delivery especially for private healthcare providers for whom high cost remains a barrier. In order to encourage foreign health insurers to enter the Indian market the government has recently proposed to raise the foreign direct investment (FDI) limit in insurance from 26% to 49%. Increasing health insurance penetration and ensuring affordable premium rates are necessary to drive the health insurance market in India.

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

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INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

EMPLOYEE WELFARE:Employee welfare is a comprehensive term including various services, benefits and facilities offered to employees & by the employers. Through such generous fringe benefits the employer makes life worth living for employees.

Welfare includes anything that is done for the comfort and improvement of employees and is provided over and above the wages.

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Welfare helps in keeping the morale and motivation of the employees high so as to retain the employees for longer duration. The welfare measures need not be in monetary terms only but in any kind/forms.

Employee welfare includes monitoring of working conditions, creation of industrial harmony through infrastructure for health, industrial relations and insurance against disease, accident and unemployment for the workers and their families.

Employee welfare entails all those activities of employer which are directed towards providing the employees with certain facilities and services in addition to wages or salaries.

The very logic behind providing welfare schemes is to create efficient, healthy, loyal and satisfied labor force for the organization.

The purpose of providing such facilities is to make their work life better and also to raise their standard of living.

OBJECTIVES OF WELFARE SCHEMES :1. To provide better life and health to the workers 2. To make the workers happy and satisfied

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3. To relieve workers from industrial fatigue and to improve intellectual, cultural and material conditions of living of the workers. 4. The purpose of labor welfare is to bring about the development of the whole personality of the workers to make a better workforce.

THE IMPORTANT BENEFITS OF WELFARE MEASURES CAN BE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS:

They provide better physical and mental health to workers and thus promote a healthy work environment Facilities like housing schemes, medical benefits, and education and recreation facilities for workers families help in raising their standards of living. This makes workers to pay more attention towards work and thus increases their productivity. Employers get stable employees force by providing welfare facilities. Workers take active interest in their jobs and work with a feeling of involvement and participation. Employee welfare measures increase the productivity of organization and promote healthy relations thereby maintaining peace. The social evils prevalent among the labors such as substance abuse, etc are reduced to a greater extent by the welfare policies.

EMPLOYEE SAFETY
It is the responsibility of every management to ensure workers safety while they are at work Industrial safety and efficiency are directly related to a great extent. Employers should lay emphasis on safety

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measures in their plants. Moreover rules and regulations ,as laid down in the labour laws make it obligatory on the part of industrialists to provide certain minimum measures of safety for their employees. MEASURES FOR ENSURING INDUSTRIAL SAFETY Safety committee Safety training Material handling equipments Guarding of machines Maintainence of plants Regular inspection Equipment redesign Proper clothing Clean floors Safety campaign

IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY ON PRODUCTIVITY

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Industrial safety has an important influence on productivity particularly in hazardous industries like chemicals and fertilizers .safety measures prevent accidents which are disastrous to both employees as well employers .every effort has, therefore ,to be made by both of the parties to take enough precautions and prevent accidents .safety measures also boost morale of workers .This helps in developing team spirit and the sense of belongingness among the employees .Safety brings consistency in production during the initial period and an upward trend in productivity in the long run.

EMPLOYEES HEALTH
In organizations the responsibility of employee health and safety falls on the supervisors or HR manager. An HR manager can help in coordinating safety programs, making employees aware about the health and safety policy of the company, conduct formal safety training, etc. The supervisors and departmental heads are responsible for maintaining safe working conditions. Responsibilities of managers: Monitor health and safety of employees Coach employees to be safety conscious

Investigate accidents Communicate about safety policy to employees

Responsibilities of supervisors/departmental heads:

Provide technical training regarding prevention of accidents Coordinate health and safety programs Train employees on handling facilities an equipments Develop safety reporting systems Maintaining safe working conditions

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ISSUES IN EMPLOYEES HEALTH AND SAFETY Organizations frame many approaches to ensure health and safety of their employees. But not all of the approaches focus on contribution of both work design and employee behavior to safety. An organizational approach to safety is effective only when both the work design and employee behavior work in coordination towards it. Many organizational and individual issues emerge in management of employee health and safety. They can be summarized as follows: Physical Work Settings: The physical settings of work affect the performance of employees to a great extent. Some of these factors include temperature, noise levels, and proper lighting affect job performance. Other work setting factors include size of work area, kinds of materials used, distance between work areas, cubicle arrangement, et al. Sick Building Syndrome: It is a situation in which employees experience acute health problems and discomfort due to the time spent in a building (particularly their workplace). Some factors that lead to sick buildings include poor air quality, inadequate ventilation, improper cleanliness, rodents, stench of adhesives and glues, et al. Ergonomics: The term comes from the Greek word ergon, which means work, and omics which means management of. Ergonomics is the study of physiological, psychological, and engineering design aspects of a job, including such factors as fatigue, lighting, tools, equipment layout, and placement of controls. It is the interface between men and machines. Ergonomics is taken into consideration when designing the workstation for computer operators. Problems of back ache, eye strain and headache arise due to long working hours spent in front of computers. Engineering of Work Equipments and Materials: Accidents can be prevented in a way by proper placements of dangerous machines. Moreover design of such machines and equipments also plays an important role in safety. Providing safety guards and covers on equipments, emergency stop buttons and other provisions help in reducing the accidents considerably. Cumulative Trauma and Repetitive Stress: Cumulative trauma disorder occurs when same muscles are used repetitively to perform some task. This results in injuries of musculoskeletal and nervous system. Employees encounter high levels of mental and physical stress also. Accident Rates and Individuals: An individual approach to safe environment helps in reducing the accident rates. This is generally because more problems are caused by careless employees than by machines or employer negligence. A positive attitude towards work environment and other practices promotes employee safety

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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The Bureau of Indian Standards has formulated a standard for Occupational health and safety management systems. This standard is known as IS 18001:2000 Occupational Health and Safety Management System. Any OHS management system adopted by an organization should incorporate all the requirements specified in this standard . Organizations willing to adopt OH&S Management System have to obtain a license for the same. For this purpose, they have to ensure that they are operating according to the IS 18001:2000 standard. The organization has to apply at the nearest Regional Office of Bureau of Indian Standards in the prescribed proforma along with a questionnaire and application fee. The application has to be signed by the Chief Executive Officer of the organization or any person who has been assigned by the CEO for this purpose. Also, manual or the documentation of OHS management system is to be submitted along with the application . Once an application is received by the regional office of BIS, it is scrutinized for all the requirements. If the application is complete, it is accepted, otherwise more information is sought from the applicant organization. If the application is accepted, an adequacy audit takes place and a preliminary visit (pre-audit) is conducted by an audit team. Immediately after this, initial certification audit takes place on the basis of which an audit report is prepared by the audit team. If the report comes out to be satisfactory, recommendations for the award of certifications are made by the team and the certificate is granted to the organization by the concerned authorities. However if the report does not meet all the requirements, the applicant organization is asked to take corrective actions after which another audit is conducted.

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Process of OH&S Management System certification

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This project is on the analysis of employee safety, health and welfare schemes in the various hospitals in the northern region. The hospitals which are covered under this study are:

1. PGI POSTGRADUATE INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH,SECTOR-12,CHANDIGARH 2. FORTIS HOSPITAL,SECTOR-62,PHASE-8,MOHALI 3. INSCOL HOSPITAL,SECTOR-34,CHANDIGARH 4. INDUS HOSPITAL,PHASE 3B2 MOHALI 5. SILVER OAKS HOSPITAL,PHASE-9,MOHALI 6. GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL,SECTOR-32,CHNDIGARH 7. GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL,SECTOR-16,CHANDIGARH

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A research study say that the prime function of an occupational health service is to ensure a safe working environment. However, it is indicated that management has responsibility for employee welfare at work and that an appropriate management structure to address safety issues should be accessible. In addition, employees would like the occupational health service to provide some health promotional activities, particularly stress management courses and the opportunity for exercise. Ritchie K. A. and McEwen J

One of the study reveals that Adequate levels of earnings, safe and humane conditions of work and access to some minimum social security benefits are the major qualitative dimensions of employment which enhance quality of life of workers and their productivity. Institutional mechanisms exist for ensuring these to workers in the organized sector of the economy. These are being strengthened or expanded to the extent possible. However, workers in the unorganized sector, who constitute 90 per cent of the total workforce, by and large, do not have access to such benefits. Steps need to be taken on a larger scale than before to improve the quality of working life of the unorganized workers, including women workers. Kumar Praveen The research study reveals that Workers Compensation is a form of social insurance in which all employees who become disabled from a work-related cause are automatically entitled to certain benefits as defined by the State's Workers Compensation Act (which differs form state to state). The benefits include Medical treatment; Temporary compensation (partial wage replacement) until the injured employee reaches a plateau of recovery; Total permanent disability for workers unable to resume any type of work; Partial permanent disability for employees who able to work but sustained some lasting detrimental effect from the injury or disease. For example, a herniated disc, even when repaired, may render the motion of an arm only 80 percent functional. Therefore, the worker is entitled to wage replacement for the 20 percent loss; Death and funeral expenses; Dependency benefits for certain dependent relatives of a deceased worker. Arthur L. Finkle

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One of the study says that Workplace safety is the managements responsibility. It involves the formation and implementation of safety programs. Employee insurance schemes and employee safety policies help cover the risk an employee might suffer at work. Jobs, which require the employees to travel or stay out of their city or country, should cover the risks involved in the journey and the on-site stay. Certain jobs require the employees to engage in life-risking work; they require the employees to be part of dangerous industrial processes. Jobs, which put the safety of their employees on stake, should also provide the employees with the safety costs. Workplace safety involves training programs that are meant to teach the employees to handle risks. The employees need to be trained to react to impending dangers, if any; they should be trained to face risks and deal with accidents at work. It is important for the management of a company to heed the safety needs of its employees through risk covers as well as training programs intended to minimize the cost of risks. At the time of the formation of a company, its safety goals, safety programs, policies, plans and procedures need to be documented. The management should ensure the health and safety of the employees by the means of safety education programs. The importance of office safety can be promoted through the formation of a safety committee that is assigned the responsibility to employee safety. Safety committees are helpful in increasing employee involvement.
Oak Manali

One of the study says that systematic training of industrial employees is necessary if they are to do their jobs efficiently and safely. This is an indispensable requirement of how carefully employees are selected or how much aptitude and experience they may have for the jobs to which they are assigned .training practices in the industry will be found to vary widely with respect to method ,content, quality, quantity and source of instruction. Aswathappa k

A research study suggests that giving employees more flexibility over their work schedules is likely to boost their health as judged by measures like blood pressure and stress. But interventions that are motivated or dictated by the needs of the employer, such as cutting hours, either have no effect on employee health or make it worse. More flexibility in work schedules has the potential to promote healthier workplaces and improve work practices. In addition to physical risks, the workplace can pose a threat to health due to

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factors like high workloads, time pressures, lack of control and limited social interaction with others. Stress, in turn, can contribute to conditions like heart disease, depression and anxiety. Bambra Clare

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
To determine how people feel and react to their job related condition. To study various safety, health and welfare facilities provided in various hospitals. To know the hospitals which are providing best facilities in the region. To know the satisfaction level of employees with the safety and welfare facilities provided in the hospitals. To develop measures to meet the expectation of employees regarding safety and welfare facilities .

SAMPLE SIZE:
The sample size for the study is 80.

POPULATION:
The population of this study is the employees working in various hospitals .

RESEARCH DESIGN:
Descriptive research has been done for conducting the research work.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

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Convenience sampling has been done for this study.

AREA OF SAMPLING:
This study has been conducted in various hospitals in Mohali and Chandigarh.

DATA COLLECTION:
The research is mainly based on the primary data collected from the various employees hospitals. Secondary data has also been used. SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION PRIMARY DATA: Primary data has been collected from the employees working in the hospitals. A structured questionnaire was prepared and given to the employees to fill them. SECONDARY DATA: Secondary data has been collected from the Internet, Journals, Magazines, Books and Newspapers. working in the

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION:
Ethical codes of conduct were strictly adhered to at all stages of the project.

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LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

No research work is free from certain limitations. These limitations cannot be ignored while judging the research validity. This project also has its own limitations, which are as follows:1. Respondents were not willing to give answers to all the questions. 2. Respondents were biased while giving the information. 3. They feel hesitation to give answers for the question like age, address, phone Numbers etc. 4. They always seem to be busy and I found it very difficult to have the information from them.

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

1) CLEANLINESS FACILITIES
Cleanliness facilities are satisfactory YES NO No. of Respondents 68 12 Percentage 85 15

INTERPRETATION:From the above facts, 85% of the employees says that they are satisfied with cleanliness facilities provided to them where as 15 % of the employees are not satisfied with it.

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2) AVAILABILITY OF EFFECTIVE ARRANGEMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF WASTES

Effective arrangements of disposal of wastes YES NO No. of Respondents Percentage

69 11

86 14

INTERPRETATION:Majority of the employees says that there is an effective arrangement of disposal of wastes and effluents in the hospital and 14% of the respondents says there is no proper arrangement of disposal of wastes.

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3) WELL MAINTAINED FIRST AID

Well maintained first aid YES NO

No. of Respondents 68 12

Percentage 85 15

Well Maintained First Aid

No

15

Yes

85

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

INTERPRETATION:-85 % of the respondents says that first aid is well maintained in the hospital and only 15 % says it is not properly maintained.

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4) REGULAR MEDICAL CHECK-UPS

Medical checkup of employees YES NO

No. of Respondents 46 34

Percentage 57.5 42.5

FIGURE1.5

INTERPRETATION:-

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Majority of the employees says that regular medical checkups are done in the hospital and nearly 42.5 %of the employees says they are not conducted on regular basis.

5) SAFE HOISTS AND LIFTS

Sound hoists and lifts YES NO

No. of Respondents 57 23

Percentage 71.25 28.75

INTERPRETATION:-

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From the above facts we can say that 71.25% employees are satisfied with the hoists and lifts provided to them whereas 28.75% says no hoists and lifts are given to them to do work.

6) SOUND CONDITION OF FLOORS AND STAIRS Floors and stairs are of sound conditions YES NO No. of Respondents 68 12 Percentage 85 15

INTERPRETATION:-

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Majority of the employees says floors and stairs are of sound condition where as 15% of them are not satisfied with the condition of floors and stairs .

7) AVAILABILITY OF PROPER FIRE SAFETY EQUIPMENTS

Fire safety equipments YES NO

No. of Respondents 80 0

Percentage 100 0

AVAILABILITY OF FIRE SAFETY EQUIPMENTS

No

Yes

100

20

40

60

80

100

120

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INTERPRETATION:All respondents say that proper fire safety equipments are available in the hospital.

8) TRAINING REGARDING FIRE PROTECTION

Training is given to protect from fire YES NO

No. of Respondents 65 15

Percentage 81.25 18.75

Training regarding fire protection

No

18.75

Yes

81.25

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

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INTERPRETATION: 81.25 % says proper training is being given to them to protect from fire whereas 18.75 % says no such training sessions are conducted in the hospital .

9) TRANSPORTATION FACILITY FOR EMPLOYEES

Transportation facility YES NO

No. of respondent 55 25

Percentage 68.75 31.25

AVAILABILITY OF TRANSPORTATION FACILITY

No

31.25

Yes

68.75

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

INTERPRETATION:-

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68.75 % of the respondents say that there is availability of transportation facility whereas 31.25 say that no transportation facility is available

10) CANTEEN FACILITIES

Canteen facility Very good Good Average Poor Very poor No. of respondent 20 30 20 5 5 Percentage 25 37.5 25 6.25 6.25

FIGURE1.12

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INTERPRETATION: Majority of the employees (53.75%)are satisfied with the canteen facility ,20% and8.75 %respondents says canteen facilities given to them is poor and very poor and only 17.5% respondents says it is good .

11) COMMITTEE HANDLING THE ISSUES RELATED TO CANTEEN

TABLE1.13 Committee handling the issues related to canteen To a great extent Satisfactory Need improvements No. of respondents 00 27 53 Percentage 00 33.75 66.25

FIGURE1.13

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INTERPRETATION:66.25% of the employees says committee should take some steps to improve the quality and 33.75% feels satisfied with the canteen facility.

12) DRINKING WATER FACILITY TABLE1.14 Drinking facility YES NO No. of respondent 67 13 Percentage 83.75 16.25

DRINKING WATER FACILITY IS SATISFACTORY

No

16.25%

Yes

83.75%

FIGURE1.14

0.00% 10.00 %

20.00 %

30.00 %

40.00 %

50.00 %

60.00 %

70.00 %

80.00 %

90.00 %

INTERPRETATION:-

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83.75 % of the employees says drinking water facility is satisfactory whereas 16.25% says they are not satisfied with the drinking facility as the water is cold sometimes.

13) LOAN FACILITY FOR EMPLOYEES

TABLE1.15 Loan facility YES NO No. of respondent 0 80 Percentage 0 100

FIGURE 1 .15

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INTERPRETATION:All the respondents says there is no facility of loan given to them.

14) FACILITY OF FREE EDUCATION FOR THE CHILDREN OF EMPLOYEES

Free education facility for the children of employees YES NO FIGURE 1.16

No. of respondent 0 80

Percentage 0 100

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INTERPRETATION:No free eduaction facility for the children of employees is given.

15) SCHOLARSHIP PLANS FOR THE EMPLOYEES CHILDREN

TABLE1.17 Scholarship plans for the children YES NO No. of respondent 0 80 Percentage 0 100

FIGURE 1.17

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INTERPRETATION:No scholarship plans for the children is given to the employees.

16) FREE COMMUNITY LUNCH

TABLE 1.19 Free community lunch YES NO No. of respondent 45 35 Percentage 56.25 43.75

FREE COMMUNITY LUNCH

No

43.75%

Yes

56.25%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

FIGURE 1.19

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INTERPRETATION:56.25 % of the respondents say that free community lunch is given to the employees whereas 43.75% says that no free community lunch is provided to the employees.

17)

FREQUENCY OF REST IN BETWEEN WORKING HOURS

TABLE 1.21 Rest time in between working hours 5-15 minutes hours 1 hour 2-3 hours FIGURE 1.21 No. of respondents 0 0 49 31 Percentage 0 0 61.25 38.75

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INTERPRETATION:61.25% of employees they get 1 hour for rest in between and 38.75%of the employees says they get 2-3 hours rest .

18) HAND HYGIENE TRAINING

Hand hygiene training Yes No

No. of respondents 34 46

Percentage 42.5 57.5

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Hand Hygiene Training

42.5 Yes No 57.5

INTERPRETATION 42.5 % of the employees say that proper hand hygiene training is given to the employees in the hospital whereas 57.5 % say that no hand hygiene training is given to them

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FINDINGS& CONCLUSION

FINDINGS
85% of the employees says that they are satisfied with cleanliness facilities provided to them where as 15 % of the employees are not satisfied with it.

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Majority of the employees says that there is an effective arrangement of disposal of wastes and effluents in the hospitals and 14% of the respondents says there is no arrangement of disposal of wastes

85 % of the respondents says that first aid is well maintained in the hospital and only 15 % says it is not properly maintained.

Majority of the employees says that medical checkups are done in the hospitals and nearly 42.5 %of the employees says there is no regular medical checkup done .

71.25% employees are satisfied with the hoists and lifts in the hospitals whereas 28.75% says that the hoists and lifts are not in the proper condition.

Majority of the employees says floors and stairs are of sound condition where as 15% of them are not satisfied with floors and stairs provided to them. They think that it needs to be improved. All respondents say that proper fire safety equipments are available in the hospital. 81.25 % says proper training is given to them to protect from fire whereas 18.75 % says no such training sessions are given to them .

68.75 % of the respondents say that there is availability of transportation facility whereas 31.25 say that no transportation facility is available

Majority of the employees (53.75%)are satisfied with the canteen facility ,20% and8.75 %respondents says canteen facilities given to them is poor and very poor and only 17.5%

respondents says it is good.66.25% of the employees says committee should take some steps to improve the quality and 33.75% feels satisfied with the canteen facility.

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83.75 % of the employees says drinking water facility is satisfactory whereas 16.25% says they are not satisfied with the drinking facility as no coolers are available in the factory and even no cold water is provided to them.

No free education facility for the children of employees is given. 56.25 % of the respondents say that free community lunch is given to the employees whereas 43.75% says that no free community lunch is provided to the employees.

SUGGESTIONS

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The hospitals should follow these measures to improve and safety and welfare facilities for the employees: Medical checkup should be done by the hospitals on the regular basis. Hoists and lifts should be in the sound condition in hospital. Proper training should be given to the employees regarding fire protection in need of emergency. Transportation facility should be given to the employees on subsidized rate. Canteen managing committee should handle the issues related to canteen in a systematic manner so that they can provide hygenic and healthy food to the employees. Proper drinking facility should be given to the employees. Loyalty should be provided to the employees. Free education facility should be given for the children of employees. Scholarship plans for the children should be given to the employees. Housing facility should be provided to the employees by the hospitals. Free community lunch should be given to the employees. Crches facilities should be given to the employees. Resting time should be increased so that employees can work with full zeal and energy.

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CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION
From the above study it is concluded that the most of the employees are satisfied with the various safety and welfare schemes in the hospitals. It is found that the hospitals which are more concerned about the safety and welfare schemes are Fortis, Inscol, Indus, Silver Oaks and PGI. Others are not much concerned about it. They need to improve the hygiene facilities in the hospital. It is seen that the private hospitals are more peculiar regarding the safety and welfare schemes. Private hospitals are providing proper training to their employees regarding fire safety, hand hygiene.. They are having proper emergency generator systems and various other facilities. Private hospitals are having very good infrastructure, good working conditions for the employees. Proper infection control department is there in the hospital. Only some of the hospitals like PGI, Fortis hospital, Government hospitals in sector16 and 32 give the transportation facility to the employees. Whereas the other hospitals donot give this facility. Finally it is concluded that the government hospitals need to be much concerned about the safety, health and welfare schemes.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS REFERRED
1. Aswathappa K., 2008, Human Resource Management, 5th ed., Tata McGraw-Hill Companies, New Delhi. 2. Blank, A. S., Jr. (1982). Stressors of War: The example of Viet Nam. In L.Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of Stress: Theoretical & Clinical Aspects. New York: Free Press. 3. BARRETT, B. (2009) The Health and Safety (Offences) Act 2008: the cost of behaving dangerously in the workplace. Industrial Law Journal. Vol 38, No 1, March. pp73-79. 4. Chabra T.N.,2008, Human Resource Management, 5 th ed., Dhanpat Rai & co. 5. COOK, N. (2006) Travellers' checks. Occupational Safety and Health Journal . Vol 36, No 6, June. pp18-22. 6. Mamoria C.B. Personnel Management, 2nd edition, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi, 2008 7. Malhotra Naresh K., 2009, Marketing Research, 5th ed., Pearson Education, New Delhi

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8. MORRIS, D. (2001) How to draw up a health and safety policy. People Management. Vol 7, No 10, 17 May. pp50-51. 9. Rao V.S.P. Human Resource Management, 2nd Edition, Excel Books, New Delhi 2008.

WEBSITE ADDRESSES
1. http://www.articlesbase.com/human-resources-articles/employee-welfare-999627.html 2. http://bjsw.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/25/6/805 3. http://occmed.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/44/2/77 4. http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/health/general/healthsafetywork.htm 5. http://www.prdomain.com/companies/B/BharatElectronicsLimited/co_index.asp?m= 6. http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=L5pLq9J6Mfn43RhpgVN6rQJl4QvZd98zKd w9nJMn1HSqxmXjh1Ty!323863511!2130031767?docId=5000451374 7. http://www.industrialrelations.naukrihub.com 8. http://www.docstoc.com 9. http://www.humanresources.about.com 10. http://www.plunkettresearch.com 11. http://www.encyclopedia.com

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12. http://www.buzzle.com

ANNEXURE
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ANNEXURE
I am the management student of B.P.S.M.V., Khanpur Kalan Sonipat, conducting a research as a part of my final research project. Kindly fill in your response in fair manner. Individual response would be held in strict confidence.

NAME: AGE: OCCUPATION: NAME OF THE HOSPITAL: 1)- Are health facilities provided to employees at hospital are satisfactory ? a)- strongly agree c)- cant say d)- strongly disagree 2)- Are Cleanliness facilities provided to the employees are satisfactory? b)- agree d)- disagree

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a)-

YES

b)- NO

3)-Is there any effective arrangements of disposal of wastes and effluents available in the hospital? a)YES b)- NO

4)-Is first aid well maintained in the hospital? a)YES b)- NO

5)-Is regular medical checkup of employees is done ? a)YES b)- NO

6)- If yes ,in what duration? a)- once in a year c)- thrice in a year b)-twice in a year d)- any other

7)-Are Safety facilities provided to employees in the hospital are satisfactory? a)- strongly agree c)- cant say d)- strongly disagree 8)- Is hoists and lifts are safe and in sound condition? a)YES b)- NO b)- agree d)- disagree

9)- Is floors and stairs are of sound conditions? a)YES b)- NO

10)- Are proper fire safety equipments available in the hospital ?

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a)-

YES

b)- NO

11)- Do the hospital train the employess regarding fire protection in need of emergency? a)12) YES b)- NO

Does the fire alarm system in the hospital is monitered by the security 24 hours ? b)-NO

a)YES

13) Is the emergency generator system available in the hospital? a)YES b)-NO

14) Are the fire extinguishers properly located and easily accessible? a)YES b)-NO

15)- Are welfare facilities provided to employees satisfactory ? a)- strongly agree c)- cant say d)- strongly disagree 16)- Is any transportation facility provided to employees ? a)YES b)- NO b)- agree d)- disagree

17)- If yes ,At what subsidized rate? 18)- Canteen facilities provided to employees in the hospital ? a)- very good b)- good

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c)- average e)- very poor

d)- poor

19)-How successful is the canteen managing committee in handling issues related to canteen? a)_To a great extent c)- need improvement 20)- Are you satisfied with the drinking water facilities provided? a)YES b)- If no . why b)-satisfactory

21)- Is there any loan facility provided to the employees? a)YES b)- NO

22)-Is there any facility of free education for the children of employees are provided? a)YES b)- NO

23)-Are there any scholarship plans for them? a)YES b)- NO

24)-Is any housing facility provided to employees in the hospital? a)YES b)-NO

25)-Is any free community lunch being provided by the hospital? a)YES b)-NO

26)- Is crches facility provided to the women employees at the hospital? a)YES b)-NO

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27) Is proper Infection Control department there in the hospital? YES b)-NO

28) Are proper kitchen audits done in the wards for ensuring the hygienic food ? YES b)-NO

29) Is any hand hygiene training given to the employees? YES b)-NO

30) Is proper training programmes organized for the nurses? YES b)-NO

31)- Is any maternity and leave facility provided to the women employees? a)- YES b)-NO

32)- Define the areas where women are being prohibited to work?

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