Unit 1 Fundamentals in Chemistry

Forces of Attraction

Tutorial #1
1. Deduce the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the following species: a) 11H f) 23592U b) 178O g) 11H+ c) 42He2+ h) 4521Sc3+ d) 13254Xe i) 3717Cle) 2713Al3+ j) 146C 2. Use the periodic table to write symbols for the following species: a) 19 protons, 20 neutrons, 18 d) 82 protons, 126 neutrons, 80 electrons electrons b) 8 protons, 8 neutrons, 10 e) 53 protons, 74 neutrons, 54 electrons electrons c) 1 proton, 2 neutrons, 1 electron 3. Deduce the relative atomic masses of the following elements. (Assume in all cases the relative isotopic mass is equal to the mass number) a) Silicon (28Si 92.21%, 29Si 4.70%, 30Si 3.09%) b) Silver (107Ag 51.88%, 109Ag 48.12%) c) Boron (10B 19.3%, 11B 80.7%) d) Gallium (69Ga 60.2%, 71Ga 39.8%) 4. Bromine has two isotopes, with mass numbers 79 and 81. Its relative atomic mass is often given as 80. What does that tell you about the relative abundance of the two isotopes? 5. Most argon atoms have a mass number 40. How many neutrons does this isotope have? The relative isotopic mass of this isotope is 39.961, but the relative atomic mass of argon is 39.948. What can you deduce about the other isotopes of argon? 6. For each of the following stages in a mass spectrometer, state which part of the spectrometer is responsible for it and how it works: a) ionization b) acceleration c) deflection d) detection

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Unit 1 Fundamentals in Chemistry

Forces of Attraction

7. Deduce the relative atomic mass of zirconium given the information below. (Assume that the relative isotopic mass is equal to the mass number)

8. a) Define the following terms: i) radioactivity ii) alpha particle iii) beta particle iv) gamma rays

b) Radioactive decay may occur via alpha decay, beta decay or gamma radiation. Use equations to show the following: i) Alpha decay of Uranium 238 ii) Beta decay of Uranium 238

c) Figure 1 below represents a plot of the number of neutrons vs the atomic number for a given atom. Stable nuclei fall within the band of stability for which the n/p ratio ranges from 1 (for lighter nuclei) to 1.5 (for heavier nuclei). Radioactive decay leads to the formation of a more stable nucleus. Suggest the type of decay that would occur for above. Explain your reasoning. based on its position in the figure

Montego Bay Community College, Science 1

Unit 1 Fundamentals in Chemistry

Forces of Attraction

Figure 1

9. Use a diagram to show and explain the behavior of alpha particles, beta particles and gamma particles in an electric field.

10. a) State four uses of radioisotopes b) State four methods used to dispose of nuclear waste.

Montego Bay Community College, Science 1