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of Table List Go Index 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 .. 1.44 The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch01/ch01_toc.html elango3 :List Contents to Introduction Books Divisions Front Half Title Copyright Dedication Epigraph Table The A Published Leaves Outline Half Additional List Frontispiece Information Chicago of New Author(s) Volume Publisher Biographical Publishers Copyright Year Subsequent Additional Publishing Edition Country Impression Translation International Acknowledgments, Grants Cataloging-in-Publication CIP Application Paper Appropriate Source Placement Format Chapters Grouped Is a historical Figures Tables Parts Title of |list Matter title Page edition data of of My and durability Illustrations previous editor(s) of and Contents Manual Page publication versus number of illustrations Account of works and with pages, divisions uses notice owner publishing needed? displayed editions copyright history printing placement anote note address for use Its Published Standard different of of impression publications versus CIP |page rectos Verso or permissions, statement Style Log translator(s) data and information history Out ii publisher Book Serial Online: Work and parts authors List (CIP) |Number versos Shopping of Number and Chapter data Tables other (ISBN) (ISSN) Cart 1credits Contents 9/29/2006 Page 1 of 4

1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.63 1.64 1.65 1.66 1.67 1.68 1.69 1.70 1.71 1.72 1.73 1.74 1.75 1.76 1.77 1.78 1.79 1.80 1.81 1.82 1.83 1.84 1.85 1.86 1.87 1.88 1.89 1.90 1.91 1.92 .. 1.93 The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch01/ch01_toc.html Foreword, Text Introduction Parts Chapters Other Subheads Epilogues, Back Appendixes Chronology Endnotes Glossary Bibliography List Index Colophon Running Chicago Illustration Foreword Preface Authors New Acknowledgments Introduction Additional List Publishers Editorial Organization Second Part Division Format, Chapter Poetry Letters Use Levels Number Titles Numbering Omission First Other Concluding Content Multiple Type Placement Types Many Few Format Definition Matter of preface Front Divisions of contributors of titles introduction size contributors sentence ways Contributors Heads half subheads of versus and Manual illustrations tables Preface, abbreviations placement, offprints and of signature into authors of Afterwords, appendixes Matter method subheads and sections in to elements an or placement or title and part diaries note titles of Text parts chapters typographic numbers break appendix Reference of translators after text pagination Acknowledgments, title and numbers Style and text affiliations subhead and or pagination subsections Online: List in Conclusions other style notes subheads Chapter uses andof Introduction 1it Contents 9/29/2006 Page 2 of 4

1.94 1.95 1.96 1.97 1.98 1.99 1.100 1.101 1.102 1.103 1.104 1.105 1.106 1.107 1.108 1.109 1.110 1.111 1.112 1.113 1.114 1.115 1.116 1.117 1.118 1.119 1.120 1.121 1.122 1.123 1.124 1.125 1.126 1.127 1.128 1.129 1.130 1.131 1.132 1.133 1.134 1.135 1.136 1.137 .. 1.138 1.139 1.140 1.141 1.142 The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch01/ch01_toc.html More Errata Exterior Cover Jacket Copy Electronically Front Text Notes Back Running Page Documentation Journals Covers Chicago Subheads Running Omission Pagination Roman Display Beginning Chapter Separate Front Format Bound-in Hard Front, Paperback Content Credit ISBN, Price Printed Copyright Author Publication Production Impression Cataloging-in-Publication International Table Lists Forewords Organization Nonprint Hypertext Elements Index Page Need Method Types Accuracy Spine Cover Than and Matter Numbers Matter and versus references Heads for numerals Back and Structure Artwork Bookland code of 1 2 3 Manual heads One and back, for biographies of as pages openings of bar versus Spine versus errata included contents illustrations elements running help and of back covers information and links numbering running Matter Volume placement the artwork details numbers and soft codes Published details in for the and current of and for Standard prefaces, matter jacket EAN electronic Technical front text back consecutive page Style endnotes text and spine heads succeeding the heads bar matter back information matter Cover Books Online: code Book and dedications Help matter books (CIP) tables pagination and Number front Chapter Jacket data matter (ISBN) and 1 Contents epigraphs, Page 9/29/2006 and3other of 4 front matter

1.143 1.144 1.145 1.146 1.147 1.148 1.149 1.150 .. The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch01/ch01_toc.html Front Majo Chicago Cover Placement Information Acknowledgments Table Section Special Editorials Matter 4 issues of Manual titles contents offor elements of contributors Style Online: Chapter 1 Contents 9/29/2006 Page 4 of 4

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 3 3.1 Unless the : proofreader Proofs Definitions 2003 otherwise by The is specified, University whoever has proofs ofprimary Chicago. here responsibility All arerights first proofs, reserved. for proofreading usually in (often page form; an composition enters this published in kinds author); that chapter of corrections form and proofs, inand the is a (see form page addressed typesetter see 3.4243). (sometimes other layout appendix largely than isA. specifications For an whoever print more editor For to an those on sets or who paper page illustration (see even type layout must proofread 2.7677), an based author). be and of checked on the how on the generates Further, paper, various the publishers with stages works equal proof, stages although described toand care be in this chapter fit into the overall publishing process for books and journals, appendix B. see

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 3 3.20 Corrections : Proofs Where 2003 to by tomark The proof University must always of Chicago. be written Allin rights the margin, reserved. left or right, next t o lines, addition, where the line a correction concerned. awhere line it through is A to could mark abe be must letter made. missed. also or If Never be a word placed should to berequires line in a deleted correction the texta or replacedto two be or caret written more for corrections, an indicate between separated these should by vertical be markedlines in the (see margin fig.in 3.2). the A order guideline in which should theybe occur, used only when correction a cannot be written next to the line in which it occurs.

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 3 3.24 To straight margin. :remove Proofs Deleting 2003 No line apart by letter, The copy through ofUniversity the a a word, text wordshould or ofmore, and Chicago. write bedraw obliterated. the All adelete diagonal rights mark Areserved. line punctuation (see through fig. mark 3.1) a letter in the that or to is a visible be removed to the should typesetter. be circled The rather form of than the crossed deletethrough, mark in the so that margin it need is still not be exactly as shown in figure 3.1, but it should be made in such a way as not to be used is substituted confused used when only with a for letter when a the d,something an or deleted e,hyphen a or matter, an to is l. be is The deleted it removed. mark is simply from forWhen delete within written something aand word. inclose the is The to margin up delete beshould next mark be t to line or lines that have been struck through (see fig. 3.2). he

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.7 A enumerable hooves} sentence, {the The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec007.html : Chicago count Grammar Count jar jars 2003 reserved. noun {newspapernewspapers}. is nouns a are by things and singular full}; Manual has The full}. Usage singular University {dictionarydictionaries} a plural of count Style and noun count Online of plural Chicago. As takes noun the 5.7: forms atakes subject singular Count All and {hoof anouns expresses of plural verb a Page verb 19/30/2006 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.8 A collective uncountable, {evidence} aggregation bourgeoisie}. usually But plural share singular emphasizes appears The consistently. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec008.html : Chicago mass Grammar Mass in 2003 power} reserved. noun a verb takes throughout nouns collective verb by noun) or the and (sometimes of form Manual either {the The because As a emphasizes people individual Usage singular is the {the University majority asense, of one because subject piece it or ruling Style called that refers things verb the members. it of it Online denotes of majority group; ais {the may voters writing, Chicago. noncount to {the a abstract sentence, take an litigation If 5.8: aare something faculty} indeterminate is plural a either use collective Mass All noun unlikely satisfied}. {cowardice} one anouns verb or {the mass is a verb singular ato varied}. noun Page form A 1or ofa1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.9 Nouns The person. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec009.html : Chicago Grammar Four 2003 have reserved. properties by four and Manual The Usage properties: University of Style Online case, of Chicago. gender, 5.9: Four All number, properties and Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.10 In denotes other nominative, possessive, {the (objective), The 5.2227. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec010.html :English, Grammar Chicago Case doctor 2003 words reserved. theby and only relationship in objective, nouns is Manual {the The aUsage in} nouns sentence. University do doctors (nominative), of not Style and between change pronouns The possessive. office} Online ofthree Chicago. form a 5.10: {see noun (possessive). have cases to the Except (or indicate All case. Case doctor} are pronoun) in Page Case the case See 1 of and1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.11 Gender neuter. occur specifically {queen} contain pronouns have are in neuter descriptive needed female The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec011.html :personification Grammar archaic) Chicago Gender a 2003 almost reserved. classifies feminine {monarch} if fox goldfish. In {ram} specifically {boyfriend} there by English, is and adjectives Manual exclusively to {actress} The {ewe}; a Usage male suffix is vixen, {sheep}. University nouns (see no of the or (2) masculine {horsewoman}; gender-specific Style {executrix}; such but into masculine female 5.49). with compound If there as Online of masculine, gender (1) humans or ess Almost male Chicago. is and nouns feminine (3) or 5.11: isterm: and no feminine or ix all nouns to equivalent feminine, that (4) female All animals (many Gender other be nouns nouns for refer that indicated, genders of may words example, Page {king} or and which used term be1are for of a9/30/2006 1a

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.12 Number object (plural). The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec012.html : Chicago Grammar Number 2003 reserved. shows is referred See by and Manual whether The 5.1421. Usage University to, of one Style asobject with Online ofclock Chicago. or more 5.12: (singular) than All onePage Number and clocks 1 of 9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.13 Person {we spoken (children person) third The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec013.html : Chicago Grammar the Person 2003 person). reserved. shows to voters {a (second is by limo and Manual whether second The will Usage carried University person) of decide} person), an Style object the {children, (voters band} Online ofis or Chicago. spoken speaking (limo 5.13: is stop first about and All Person misbehaving} (first band person), (third Page are person) 1 of 9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.14 Because for are The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec014.html : Chicago Grammar checking some Dictionaries 2003 reserved. exceptions basic by and Manual the The rules Usage correct University abound, of for Style plural forming aOnline of form good Chicago. plurals. dictionary 5.14: of aDictionaries All noun. See is also essential But 7.616. there Page9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.15 Most with sound, {clubclubs} that sibilant form The birches}. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec015.html : Chicago Grammar Adding plurals a is the 2003 reserved. letter then not such plural by and s use euphonious Manual are {toytoys}. The whose as Usage or s {boxboxes} formed s, University to es of sound sh, form Style with by x, If readily the adding z, the s {mossmosses} Online of plural alone or Chicago. noun acombines s5.15: soft or (e.g., {sirensirens} ends es. ch), All Adding in {birch Ifthen with it aends aletter noun the s use in sends or aes es to 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.16 Some {dwarfdwarfs} f wolves}. American British words Consult The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec016.html : Chicago to Grammar Nouns nouns v 2003 reserved. and etymology, English a Areliable English by ending add few and Manual The {safesafes}. es words Usage {wharfwharfs}. {wharfwharves} University in {hoofhooves} the dictionary. of f f have correct Style oror feOnline one fe of take Other preferred forms Chicago. {knifeknives} Even and an nouns 5.16: are s {reefreefs} another if form one unpredictable. Allknows change Nouns inending {wolf the a in f 9/30/2006 or fe Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.17 Some {mementomementos} take {volcanovolcanoes}. determining two often plural (and form borrowed intaglios}; they portfolios}; The photos}. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec017.html : Chicago Grammar guidelines Nouns nouns an therefore the are end 2003 in reserved. with es the plural from rarely in by ending {mangomangoes} and whether es if o Manual plural or The some preceded may {vetoes} hard they Usage with used if University in {tuxedotuxedos}. prove other they of the as to are o o There s as Style take in remember). if by plural {heroes}. proper plurals are helpful: language the they a {cargocargoes} is an vowel shortened Online of no singular s{bravadobravados}; is appear names Chicago. {avocadoavocados} firm formed (1) Zeros (2) {intaglio {portfolio 5.17: But {FazioFazios}; rule Nouns to words usually is All others with have Nouns for an used usually {photo sending exception been form or ases, the if if in but o 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.18 Nouns is consonant, {soliloquysoliloquies} follies}. by {ployploys} The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec018.html :a common Grammar Chicago Nouns vowel, 2003 ending reserved. and (2) by ending change and add Manual in {buoybuoys}. The the If Usage y s the University in follow y the to of is y noun form ypreceded Style to {berryberries} one is the iOnline of and proper plural Chicago. two by add qu 5.18: rules: or es {TeddyTeddys} or if to {folly All by Nouns the (1) form a yending If the is the preceded plural noun in y 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.19 Compound without appropriate one, arms} picturemotion The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec019.html : Chicago Grammar Compound to 2003 {court-martialcourts-martial} reserved. hyphens) the nouns by and ending main Manual The nouns that pictures}. Usage form noun University to of consist the noun {brother Style plural of Online ofin separate or, Chicago. by armsbrothers if 5.19: adding {motion there words All Compound the is(with more innouns or Page than 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.20 Some {basisbases}. plural louse, (insects), metaphorical same denoting {I The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec020.html :hoped Grammar Chicago Irregular nouns in 2003 reserved. form for both fish, to by have example: but and depends see Manual extension). the The plurals With contemptible game, Usage irregular many singular University of some on people and deer, Style the of Some livestock plurals and meaning. may but these people Online of nouns the be I Chicago. saw {childchildren} irregular infested plural, are {one 5.20: Take are only louses ordinarily fish, All the Irregular especially one with words, noun (by two deer}. lice fish} the plurals those9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.21 Some meaning The subject}. : Chicago Grammar Plural nouns 2003 reserved. {the by are and form Manual good The plural Usage with University news of Style singular in is} form {politics Online of but sense Chicago. singular 5.21: is aPlural All complicated in use form andwith singular sense Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec021.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.22 Case not objective personal and in nouns matter The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec022.html :for Grammar other change objective Chicago Function denotes 2003 do as reserved. nouns, of not pronouns well. words case, distinguishing by form and Manual the have The forms some Determining Usage in between some relationship University the (and a(see grammarians of sentence. grammarians property Style who) the 5.47). a the subject nominative do Online of between Because of have recognize case Chicago. And hold case. from 5.22: distinct since acase that of English noun But an All these a Function pronouns English noun object. and most orcases nominative nouns pronoun the is Page stand a do1 of in 9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.23 A actor made (governor because being subject typically (troops in to a shepherds} nominative). that subject; is The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec023.html :are noun predicate the be Grammar Chicago Subjects in contains 2003 or the and reserved. functioning sentence subject). Australian ain the of is the clause, being subjects precedes refers by a the (Australian and holiday nominative the Manual person clause Generally, The a subject), Usage the {high verb example Ashepherds. to University as as it noun of or subject) season controls the inthe and ashepherds their {the in Style thing {my subject or same a just although the makes sentences governor has troops pronoun show respective Online ofan about or the tree thing given, begun Chicago. (nominative the dogs number is retreated it sat assertion which that as 5.23: delivered shops a the (shops can are predicate aclauses). the predicate of leopard} follows complete All an appear Australian Subjects are subject the case) assertion and in about ais crowded verb winter} speech season anywhere a The (leopard predicate form is the Page and the called is part ofof 1 9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.24 A (1) passenger} person connective objective). queen nominative inverted the medicine and is control assembly strangers noun verb The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec024.html :never noun Grammar the active microscope} sentence villain Chicago Objects assembly was. 2003 consulted reserved. functioning or person the construction, the of thing is by voice (pilot such and and An is number strangers Manual {everything villain subject the The is or object prime nominative). Usage related as (under the {the object the University thing and as a of prime preposition minister withheld} of subject an balloon passenger typically the was Style is an acted to the of object else athe minister} object verb. outside, another preposition, A following Online of and on carried is was noun (medicine preposition Chicago. (objective are follows In by {place objective). can agrees returned; element functioning the 5.24: aappear objective) (queen transitive a verb sentence plural pilot the with All microscope is Objects case) by is and of. slide verb elsewhere the objective But the and a noun or as does The an is verb {the with singular Page asingular (2) under an either is not object the an in 1 of9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.25 denotes architects relationship {the shorthand equal formed and singular {engineers that {parents irregular rights} compound ending See The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec025.html : Chicago Grammar possessive their also Possessive companys ends 2003 to reserved. in to (1) {mices athe noun 7.1729. form different usage in house} plural by delay and ownership, drawing opinion}. Manual {the s The is last case representative}; of or Usage case in cage}. of {foxes noun formed University philanthropists an es aways word of (sometimes board} one of-phrase sentence. is The is Style possession, The hour). formed by {parents-in-laws depending den}. formed possessive {Arnies possessive adding Online ofThe called (e.g., by Chicago. or by s adding the or secretary}; (4) on possessive adding 5.25: room}; {drivers of occupancy one the of appropriate an aPossessive All an a genitive idiomatic hours noun plural s message}. (2) multiword apostrophe {womens case of a{the (3) or seat} delay a noun an nouns case) agency is case isPage 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.26 {Lloyds Societys This {Dickenss unless Motors financial is apostrophe testimony}. The :acceptable Grammar possessive Chicago Possessives is 2003 reserved. the so current of headquarters} statements}. by even novels} word without and Londons See Manual The (especially of Usage when itself production also of University a {Dow the of titles title records} the 7.1923. Style is But additional {Dun Joness word or formed in and rate} if Online of name & journalism) {National ends a names Bradstreets Chicago. money word from {Applied is s in 5.26: {Bill formed ends report}, a Geographic sibilant plural All to Possessives Materials in Gates by rating}. use a sibilant, adding {General a final of stitles it and names Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec026.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.27 If takes Harriets between something ending. correspondence to The :Harriets two Grammar Chicago Joint 2003 the reserved. or Peter For more possessive correspondence separately, by and and example, Manual correspondence. The and separate nouns refers Usage University Harriet. ofPeters share ending. each to Style possessives refers Peters possession, If noun Online of For and two Chicago. to takes example, Harriets correspondence or the 5.27: more its the correspondence All Joint Peter nouns own last possessive and noun possess and separate also possessives Page 1 o f 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec027.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.28 An action. generally, English recipient or indicated verb. legal In words, for these equivalents between The avoided. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec028.html :recent agent {donor}. action, Grammar example, Chicago Definitions 2003 For usage, words reserved. and It directly an noun noun by example, years by is or sometimes attender The unnecessarily and Manual the a an The denotes usually appears one denotes recipient lessee Usage most there attendee can and from suffix University for an of be and use common the aambiguous indicated in Latin. whom honoree is has Style aan person ee, words person noun one meaning is been displace something attendee?), agent derived one Online of Consult to is often who that a Chicago. by whom who one fad is (What nouns performs the their 5.28: were receives from means not attends. a they is who property in suffix good is end done. coining at All brought the is active-voice Definitions one the all some in dictionary. honored. should some passive-voice Because er It is difference er; to passive; new {adviser} into is leased. thing whom; be usually ee In Ause and 9/30/2006 orPage 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.29 An another identify born the appositive compare women noun) about precisely The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec029.html :appositive Grammar proper Chicago Definition in 2003 named with women reserved. noun Virginia} Robert it identifying by noun the and {George Mary named Manual or The noun Burns, poet Usage and noun George unless (poet University (our Mary is of use Washington, Robert phrase one the which Style first Washington). it is (Robert that is poet, a Burns in nonrestrictive poet). Online ofBurns president restrictivefor immediately order Chicago. our wrote wrote See 5.29: first Commas to restricts many is many also define All Definition president, an follows frame songs appositive songs 6.31. appositive example, orabout poet an further by and wasuse of9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.30 Words other noun-to-adjective modifies state varsity phrase results fast. used prostatic gland. adjective group sentence adjective, can awareness might may The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec030.html : Chicago Grammar be result have Nouns interchangeablyfor 2003 that parts legislature} is suggest reserved. fast Sometimes But needed are another or not elements. to can cancer may (awareness by as are sometimes the in and of adjectives). results (less deduce Manual necessarily The adjectives produce alter to a what ordinarily speech, preposition Usage vague noun the both indicate University transition probably {a But preposition the of can the noun using of {the varsity an refer phrasefor Style such if writers be meaningfor voters Occasionally, ambiguity. example, a nouns and a the morning read but the studious must as to nouns Online of takes sport} its noun adjectives possibly) cancer noun or is Chicago. sometimes as be meaning. example, adjectival prostate by missing, place newspaper} meaning relation functions omitted; 5.30: For instead example, group. (morning, them?). of using example, All when the the Nouns function or voter either cancer A but of to at verbs. form prostate a preposition as Context aas {a outcome state, noun the study other times a noun an the reader rapid can and adjectives as Athis as and of be ana9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.31 It as noun earth crop}. cultivate, thoughtfully}. in used are prose, cautiously The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec031.html :dialect is verbs; Grammar mainstreaming Chicago Nouns husband as 2003 fairly {the reserved. About such a verb it by as husband and or if and recently Manual common always meant 1420 The verbs jargon. at tend New in Usage all. University it passages pupils one has noun-to-verb of in has crops became transformed For Style English who worked been. with {you example, tilled such aof Online For hard verb special for must Chicago. transitions as words example, and nouns to meaning the more 5.31: husband cultivated produce needs. noun should school All to Nouns in to pass your often mainstream In 1220 this till, be districts as formal into the land used occur verbs theuse is Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.32 Words well Aside these always now (gerunds) be discover and people The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec032.html :dangerous} Grammar {we clauses Chicago Other as 2003 that from include reserved. with want various cannot {to such by functional ordinarily the and us} such is Manual discover The adjectives (see obvious avoid as justice}. Usage types (see as University swimming 5.110), of what 5.94), the shifts function of the Style instance phrases, such here the truth {swimming infinitives adverbs Online of people as and as Chicago. of is poor other may now}, pronouns our 5.32: such want in function {the such goal} parts participles that All as {what Other poor (see here as lake (see of as to the functional are speech, 5.34), and nouns. as can 5.107), shifts Page 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.33 Nouns compound hyphens law} formed or are {kingdom}, prefixes mid The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec033.html :verb. more Grammar ness {midair}, Chicago How {motion 2003 are reserved. by existing {toothpick} new noun Some {kindness}, include often adding by th and Manual nouns picture}. The is suffixes {warmth}, and Usage coined often words a cross University self are suffix of {railroad} ship Style coined in created to (2) commonly {crosswind}, {self-reliance}. and one form or {relationship}, AOnline er of derivative prefix of by one {meltdown} {finder}. Chicago. used two stringing unit, 5.33: to half ways. for aSee noun All with noun, this Examples {half-length}, How {sisterindom (1) together also is new or purpose A nouns adjective, without 7.90. of two are9/30/2006 coined Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.34 A sometimes, ways. noun For father with wanted stand the question simply sentence mean The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec034.html : Chicago pronoun Grammar example, fathers person Definition or pronouns: the 2003 (1) in reserved. told her stated pronoun, the Susan, It temperature is A by another to addressed and pronoun the is Manual aas most daughter place The do word The too Usage fathers are especially some Are University of pronoun. father hot, of used may you the has you (of tothe chores. an Style substitute bringing as nouns daughter do understood been bringing something). told aof It to some indefinite Online substitute (2) identified is avoid in his Chicago. chores your used the that A your for daughter 5.34: pronoun noun. needless sentence boots? in an the boots? it can All for elsewhere, Definition one expressed For is father be that may aAnd can understood of repetition. example, noun The replaced also two he be wanted in or, the more Page the if to 19/30/2006 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.35 A earlier sentence previous implicit, commonly clown is in visited unclear multiple (e.g., drinking, drinks hopes The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec035.html :context); pronoun intended Grammar Chicago Antecedents 2003 with that reserved. When from noun, Eric who or, sentence. arise pronouns typically but it by his the and to was the a Manual if (2) after must The pronoun, it dirty from dog refer hot-water Usage the dischargedEric bottle of must multiple University and be An made his of pronouns refers reference (1) bottle, to sterilized antecedent be antecedents Style phrase, discharge is asterilization it the clear. missing possible empty to a circus, it Online of pleasure an is or could Chicago. Miscues or with antecedentthat unambiguous, may from clause antecedent in antecedents Scott); the 5.35: not be the hot become to the baby is explicit and explicitly All in watch, same water Antecedents army, for and the ambiguity stops illwhere (as in sentence the (as (3) because same where is, a or in bottle). mentioned in the an of Scott it one if pronouns is it 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.36 Some never pronoun leaving?}, address expletive to interrogative antecedent usage, say readers The :go}. Grammar shes Chicago Pronouns pronouns 2003 has reserved. they I a you {Katrina, And often stands an pronoun, by although {Who and usually the often good Manual antecedent. The without do pronouns demand Usage relative cares not for golfer}, University do appears it of needs one require the you to antecedents often what Style (who, is know speaker, Similarly, need pronoun no without but sometimes I has Online of antecedents. antecedent which, think?}. who something?}. vigilant Chicago. no what they so an antecedent 5.36: the what) it supplied antecedent and In listeners almost second-person {Are are. All colloquial Pronouns The the never Asyou firstperson in an {its take {they direct and without time an antecedents Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec036.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.37 A Some placing can not, made most senator; Such constructions colleagues, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec037.html : Chicago pronoun Grammar cause Position writers most some participants, an 2003 reserved. the anticipatory the should confusion participants good by and pronoun Mr.Turino Manual foreshadow writer The in involving points} Usage sentence generally University and of before {whether leaves reference hopes Style in (the her a the like, point follow comes the pronoun to Online of they survey as antecedent, reader often win Chicago. before before do, the agreed reelection}. 5.37: they said permissibly or word hanging the the as All with precedes Position the it predicate but have antecedent refers her senator awhile). this {like occurs ordevice in to. by sentence his in9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.38 meaning the or Claudius, ruled with pronoun without same aggressive not omitted compare, (speaking Children, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec038.html :else Grammar presence first used Chicago Sentence talk as 2003 the reserved. of the you changing Come without imperatively, person, once Roman for to about rake by a tone and sense may Manual or sentence. your here! the The meaning example, ruled the Usage absence Empire. usually that shifting the the children) University a will physician. although yard). of first-person childrenbut the meaning: may Style For shift however, you of Or be Roman not the aOnline example, talk either children with the of pronoun to As be sentence You Empire Chicago. to an pronoun appropriate. the children pronoun in used come me, imperative, 5.38: if third word rake direct may with to aadds your or here! All affect noun must cannot the rake Sentence person. omitted Claudius address: physician, is an When third yard is also the the the be used Compare you yard meaning be secondperson person once in 9/30/2006 used is I, 1 of 1 Page

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.39 person, agree A The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec039.html : Chicago pronoun few Grammar Four 2003 with special reserved. gender, properties has by its and Manual The the uses antecedent Usage and University same of case pronouns Style properties (see inOnline of number, 5.913). should Chicago. as 5.39: abe person, noun: A All and pronoun noted. Four number, properties must gender. Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.40 noun their if showed individually A to object writing Two by pronoun The outside}. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec040.html :and pronouns singular the denote Grammar or Chicago Number or 2003 owner}. reserved. members its may more are nouns differ {the different by appreciation} noun take taken and number singular Manual {the boy The {a A are in Usage antecedent collective that a book jointly and University audience plural more is treated of varieties, is nouns girl guided and Style ways modified but pronoun and its have noun as rushed or than Online of by a referred cover} a pronouns plural uses, left Chicago. that takes unit by {British just back 5.40: two their of {the or athat if their to to its singular or aspects All they by Number dogs audience their and bicycles more antecedent spelling}. are a act American plural and seats}. adjectives of joined and pronoun the antecedent 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.41 There above: refer scheme} deserved singular by encourages more eitheror, referred nor two connected that possible, comes asked antecedents they of over The :the each, Grammar the or Chicago Exceptions singular of are their 2003 are to last for reserved. (1) more nouns {a peach the the recognition antecedents every, to usually several by cast their by When lawyer its or {neither water and is by antecedents nearest of Manual and same or The antecedents neithernor, tastes order singular students a the different Usage regarding two or paychecks}. together singular referred trough}. University refinements thing, and no, nor, sentence of or (usually the {the today}. are as role Style more the {red, {every to sweet of the singer the connected numbers horses number denote are pronoun to model pronoun succeed}. they different singular pronouns so (5) Online of pronoun (2) the by to white, connected as college that nor Chicago. are When a and the a received When it last) are {neither plural single by referring the 5.41: treated should}. the rules antecedents referring and (3) numbers two connected two and number and antecedent; dancers by plural mule All blue When or pronoun Exceptions thing her or and stated university or, the separately more more to (4) are agrees kicked is richly modified two to nor, orange antecedent have by or the the When regardless just the or and, each if with regarding color and number Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec041.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.42 When pronoun nor, antecedent. the should in can and second connected noun At not of that (his The :that the times Grammar second settle third expressed Chicago Pronoun a the {you precedes referring 2003 reserved. pronouns get first person. and antecedent, pronoun the person, nouns and by person to your and the The Manual with and person, pronoun The work Marian in it If to Usage antecedents first dispute, or antecedents must second the {neither University multiple to so the someone on pronouns, of not as the have may same take person our pronoun Style person. is of third. the following refer experiment, discussed sentence; they named antecedents the any are Online of differ is antecedents it refers person antecedent to connected nor Chicago. connected preferred For The takes in an pronoun I a 5.42: in example, following her it to antecedent could preceding of the person takes only trip All only are noun Pronoun by to antecedents I. person your do and, In in one report}. the from one pronoun or his sentence). you the takes that second, of number pronoun with or, work} the or and second the that is or are our the multiple Ishe and is antecedents Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec042.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.43 If by {the pronoun connected noun A singular, gender, him sexist, nearest some writer need lunch The :and, special the Grammar as Chicago Antecedents sister referred boy for 2003 box reserved. antecedents common-sex can aany refers and if antecedent or plural by problem are on by not usually and are girl Manual and, personal the The to of to misleading, Usage brother joined of pronoun {the different left bus}. University only the arises pronouns are may recast of different pronouns uncle her pronoun Style of one by be See are is when different or equally lunch the of genders is and 5.49, normally visiting and Online of or genders the now sentence at picking Chicago. gender niece nor. box all 5.51, antecedent widely misleading or 5.43: genders on used their Using {some rode an isAntecedents the to 5.204. All indeterminate considered to that eliminate aunt}. in he, gender bus). child and refer nouns (e.g., his of his, are Aof left But the car}. to are good joined and the the of them if a different a genders Page 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec043.html of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.44 There .. and Many as demonstrative, on The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec044.html :their PersonalI, Demonstrativethat Interrogativewhat, Relativethat, Indefinitefor Adjectivefor more Grammar none which Chicago Six pronouns, 2003 are reserved. than classes purpose six by and Manual one The classes you, except relative, Usage example, typefor in University what, example, of he, a of and personal particular Style which, she, which, pronouns: or this any, example, another, adjective Online of it, and and each, pronouns, Chicago. we, sentence. who who that 5.44: any, and that, pronoundepending may All they each, may Six this, be function classes either, a what, Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.45 A referring spoken of nouns: The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec045.html :(third personal Grammar Chicago Form 2003 reserved. to number, to (second person). by pronoun and Manual the The gender, Usage speaker University person), shows It of also Style and bycase. (first or displays its Online of the Chicago. form person), person 5.45: the whether other Allthing the or Form it person properties Page isspoken 1or ofthing 1of 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.46 As {I singular where you only of 8.35.) should shows the The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec046.html :an with need Grammar an glove Chicago Identification at 2003 it honorific who reserved. answer The write nouns, some the pronoun appears or compartment}. by second and beginning Manual tea} that what The today}. the Usage title Iis in University {we person essay first is of the spoken heard always All of {a Style sentence tonight}. person a toast shows other sentence, the of Online of{she capitalized to who Chicago. is news}. pronouns {if Her And the is 5.46: is possible, unless Majesty}. spoken the speaker The at All no are Identification third work} firstperson matter they capitalized to or I (See {you person {it will are speakers is part also send in Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

5.47 Personal number, show verb, Only (the both has forms: whoever/whomever. subject especially {this A crowd beside often {it pronoun Grammarians ensconced among territory, course, Englishis term. SINGULAR PLURAL Nominative First Second Third The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec047.html 5pronoun :Chicago Forms only was Grammar Changes number the second-person subject even is liked encroach speakers But Person I/me, her}. PRONOUNS Person and you of her}. at the pronouns firstseven he} PRONOUNS of in formal if a in the not Objective case. by is her} believe whereas irregularity Manual in Pronouns and we/us, verb {it the In informal I he, we they only formal The you taking both words on beginning of conducive me form and less us Usage object, was objective or writers she, change Apart A {I the opposite English my, you them athe you our, of singular most he/him, pronoun that single that like English, she formal Possessive atheir, strictly usage, mine it your, Style and from singular object end ours form third-person just who this of to and him, have this that third-person case trend person she/her, in English, the of pronoun maintaining yours Online the and recommended has speakers (or as a gradual her, theirs different china} of correct the a predicate is sentence second and plural, nouns can resulted sentence decline) a or nominative either beginning it 5.47: preposition casesthere plural they/them, pronouns be thing pronouns {he shift do his, do). nominative person, it seen all it nominative the {Who maintain Changes has nominative the from is keeping her, form. always is In in the according books}. with of object case good object in are addressed. show fact, the a all who/whom, {the a being distinctions hers, the widespread in Although form an you sentence most takes the is posture} language, personal a and form the (after (See of teachers objective interrogative territory. change either going so its to same in of objective a a9/30/2006 English few Page person, and 5.101.) verb the them the plural is form or, a with?}. sense pronouns of the now in linking were predicate subject 1 secondperson {the case strictly case the of as2long language And, verb) of

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, and hypercorrection, the between mistaken For The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec047.html will insecure nominative more Chicago 2003 you continue form on by and case, Manual writers The May where I see University to for I misapplying of ask do and the between 5.2224. Style so whom speakers objective in Online of is the you the For Chicago. calling? foreseeable engage and rules is more 5.47: called me) on All in governing for Changes and who/whom, what rights for May future. vice linguists (as I in pronouns versa ask reserved. form in see Meanwhile, who the (as 5.202. Page 9/30/2006 call is by mistaken in calling?). 2 using the of illschooled 2 form

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.48 If refer personal antecedent with different takes the 5.5960.) a me who, increasingly was The college}. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec048.html :may relative aChicago Grammar boy referring Gender, personal his although 2003 to the reserved. be and the pronoun mule}. antecedent gender A the by {I pronoun. and also personal Manual number, same archaic The pronoun saw antecedent a to Usage If construction takes and the me, University antecedent a the of farmer Hence and from number girl pronoun or who follows Style the personal (to case of never that who an gender who of the Online of in does objective formed agraduated pushed was of that Chicago. relative the pronoun nominative nonliterary) and the not plowing 5.48: main antecedent in him number relative govern pronoun this refers All pronoun clause, down}. from Gender, his pronoun way ofsuch the incorrect fields to pronoun, {I that (See sounds and the case number, a as saw both of {she it and 9/30/2006 case Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.49 Only gender. pronoun president seminar}. takes thing {Thomas its personification, nonliving personification used person ship The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec049.html : Chicago Grammar owner}. Expressing the as or 2003 the possessed reserved. (as In takes is if other third-person is In gender thing by visiting the was and Some Manual not the The the vessel nominative antecedent traditionally Usage gender {the as when in possessive of nouns a University antecedent figure if of her the his woman a was singular it Style may feminine office possessor, sister} were referred and of represented loves acquire case, Online of nouns speech done, objective a pronouns today; Chicago. {the person. or her the to not gender masculine for 5.49: gender that husband} puppy as shes pronoun a of example, directly cases, Pronouns female she All refers Expressing the through {the disobeyed at or pronoun always person the a or her). to when express enhance male agender or 9/30/2006 is a Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.50 Some conjunction nominative would must him If then you pronoun objective The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec050.html :aChicago Grammar relax} send Special special be prepositional all 2003 like reserved. in is the an case by case to {thats the and but invitation Manual rules objects The travel, object objective subject {Does Usage precedes {she University apply a phrase of owns matter must Tina but of Style tocase of to the a averb, she contains be him an want personal clause, tan between Online of verb, in infinitive, cant {the and me Chicago. briefcase} the or me?}. to it rustic more 5.50: or afford of him objective pronouns. leave?}. must follows a and than (4) All preposition, it Special setting be {Delia to}. her}. If must one in case (1) a (2) the object, be rules helped (3) If {Will Ifit in aPage a 9/30/2006 the 1 of 1

5.51 Some and indeterminate female receive masculine-specific, sexist eliminates identified. sexonly baby building indefinitely, persons, used councils concern} issue, This use draw indefinitely book, indefiniteanyone same have and, as clause, Web might can without introductory The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec051.html 5 an :Chicago his is we draw site be Grammar Special personal by latter in is been perhaps, you indefinite be person when declining. we to the have a smiling the true sentence, an that its only is rewritten reward}. representative {the covered make will a gender one, individual subject antecedent used Using use reader primitive down, Manual and uses traditionally nest}. to of word pronouns gender {if the that one unimportant). magazines their learn at is any they Usage generically, pronoun: (See even it sex the conclusion}. who but or Because its is, called or I of they (3) person equally does people prose how {they implied dont expletive finder is who archaeological listener reads calendar} I a noun Style have 5.43, if mother} without We, dont verb have unknown declared, to not is editor the (a) been these appear or say believe {it special you, influence the (4) Online applicable returns 5.204.) in speaking thought (usually long and nouns mean editorial all it believe {the antecedents, {from You that was for used general. book (they It pronouns or and wrote, may their less persons been that We can also what too a 5.51: uses. unimportant mockingbird Stonehenge as my (2) sex they survey these will refer {he phrase for people} are it} a appreciate personal apply far}, pronouns to watch, regarded indeterminategender the In we. has he form It could said Special (1) are can We a {if learn). unidentified (the aor results to said); noun in group our of Some several male is of or He, also be you (you a that he be the Peru}. may clause {the is sometimes last and phrase, to an of as has used writers uses him, or will {the your read The (b) sense we is the be) to uses no it that Page this of also 9/30/2006 1 of 2

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights follows vacation}; expression midnight} an or indefinite example, to cough?); profession [medicine], The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec051.html expletive object annoy Chicago 2003 reserved. the Paul me My {it {I by (c) about it (there verb (What cousin so Manual that find The is carelessly asked itbeginning {it time University can anticipates it is lacks is of about is hard annoying, no bea or a Style possible doctor. noun the weather may to my necessary to Online of grammatical wake result cough naming snow}; the Pauls Chicago. It that {it true up}. again; is 5.51: in the antecedent). is and Dody asking an grammatical Using obscurityfor almost profession All subject (d) interesting Special it isor it the is onthe may starting insubject uses anPage9/30/2006 be 2 of 2

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.52 their, dictionary} corresponding his, require either dictionary hers?}. stand subject me possessive that with none an The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec052.html :apostrophe. yours}, Grammar possessive Chicago Uses can hers, theirs}. letter names, of 2003 alone reserved. are an an An or the stand and antecedent by used its, explicit independent object or is {your of and possessive Manual The forms absolute mine} the When produced: pronouns, alone hers. Usage as and be mandatory University cabin} of object limiting treated used of theirs. object: {this without or a Such Style (also possessive verb personal something with that my, {his of cabin a with as adjectives The the {hers a construction Online of our, called a the letter diploma}. a preposition noun: pronouns. Chicago. independent thing of noun: pronouns preposition your, understood pronoun is yours} 5.52: independent) of mine, on possessed it to Sheilas his, Each the All can is Note are Uses qualify {Where can {put ours, form table} unobjectionable her, has {this be of, spelled also that and your may the becomes form yours, does is a its, nouns forms {pass double be coat with not and {my Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.53 Several suffix youryourself; herself; personal case forms. (they Beatrice subject pronouns) {we simple for modern suffice, The me}. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec053.html : Chicago Grammar support myself}. Compound and 2003 are reserved. self They personal usage, personal of ititself; pronouns the herself} use then {he by the and or are ourselves}; Manual objective This that The personal saved so selves. youryourselves; termed verb Usage used pronoun pronouns if University are {Ill third word of and (they himself a for the intensive simple Style pronouns These case. {this themthemselves. do and {this use three form same are it the (3) is Online of are They personal getaway myself}; then getaway compounds in purposes: not Chicago. himhimself; pronouns) trouble to mymyself; both have termed substitute well 5.53: weekend weekend pronoun the no (2) of established All by These (1) Compound possessive {I reflexive nominative to asking} taking ourourselves; her for saw is refer for is will compound just emphasis Queen just athe personal to in for the9/30/2006 pronouns Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.54 reflects pronoun used myself pronouns pronouns, intensive the in The myself). :IChicago Grammar distinction subject. object Reflexive in burned 2003 reserved. have but apposition is the lend they pronoun by of and useful differs won myself Manual action It The force burned and are Usage between is several University in intensive and similar to in (in of that in to IStyle is its the important. function. a burned which reflexive writing papers) the sentence. referent nominative in Online of pronouns verb the appearance the Chicago. awards}. with An object and A describes papers to Unlike 5.54: reflexive intensive case. the intensive add of All to Intensive myself reflexive Reflexive emphasis reflexive Compare burned bypronoun an renaming intensive personal (in is {I the pronoun and which is intensive pronouns Page 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec054.html of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.55 A deictic antecedent: your plural need that in demonstrative sentence, clear. often magazine} and {these The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec055.html :time, demonstrative Grammar those sorts Chicago Demonstrative desk} to are 2003 used reserved. antecedents Kind kinds pronoun) be close space, point or {that should by {that answered}. with this and Manual implied of The pronoun by Usage pronoun to or sort, an sort magazines} and is be University in pronouns {these objects thought. adjectival of one my used that time, thought, of This can each Style office}, (or, that school}. with for have be and space, that referring {those The Online of as points a singular as this the just these noun, Chicago. it and are antecedent long The or plural sorts is or 5.55: directly these arrived} comparatively point thought, phrase, to plural sometimes as that antecedents one of All the demonstratives Demonstrative and to of {this schools}. forms to {those clause, antecedent class, those objects while a called, its kind remote kinds {this for that are of pronouns ais is 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.56 An interrogatives declines: (possessive) am the subject who?}. (1) (2) building The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec056.html :I interrogative Grammar nominative as Chicago Interrogative speaking?} 2003 reserved. a In the of predicate named?}. who(nominative), the by a object and Manual {Who verb The objective are case, Usage {Whose pronoun University starred {Who of pronouns who, nominative of who a Style cologne washed verb preposition what, case, asks is in whom used {Whom Online of Casablanca?} asmells and the after whom Chicago. question. (objective), in which. dishes did is {For 5.56: two a sowhom linking used you ways: All Only nice?}. today?}; Interrogative The {To see?}; inis whose three one, whom (1) verb two this In and as and ways: who, {It the was9/30/2006 pronouns Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.57 To they and answer absent for standing or the referred sixteenth displace be to used is persons {What a especially favorite The :that?}. thing, refer limited; the a Grammar asks a answer Chicago Referent are person, {Which 2003 particular do reserved. may {Who best not for near to who character, you what color?}. century?}. by include is When of and a wants it {Which dean?} one Manual interchangeable. any or animal, think The of person, the limited is a asks Usage whom of applied set interrogative one persons broad University to samovar?}. any explorers (who you of for occupation, {What see Which {Of or either only our Style person, did and more a is thing, to that the identity particular governor?}. is to should better this?} a asks Online of who persons Which visited five person, your Who movie?}. the pronouns living either Chicago. qualities, for or is group not finalists, than {What quest?} {Who is 5.57: which any universal of member China what or usually indiscriminately which When Who which). all is addressed kind one All dead, Referent can asks {What also that in and applied persons; of or thing, who of be selective the or present a To what for the asks person bird is used, group, would general or refer of the like to your may the interrogative but or and be pronouns Page http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec057.html 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.58 A (or Relative and who {the whom was (but person. refers only person, second, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec058.html : Chicago relative Grammar relative) that. (nominative), a Definition woman he see in 2003 best-seller}. reserved. only declined Which the animal, or pronouns 5.62), Who by pronoun who third and to second Manual The clause is refers presented a Usage it or the to nonliving person. University in whom is can and thing, of name} Although and common only one Style (objective), be third relates the See that relative {the used to and thing. use Online of award} who an person. also can introduces writer in Chicago. are animal it refers the Which be 5.48. pronoun 5.58: to who, whose {an That used whose first, the or informant only and All which, Definition (possessive) a refers in main that subordinate book thing. what to a second, the clause. what, declines: are to first, person What aused Page or third 19/30/2006 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.59 Usually, depends. pronoun gallery}. clause, the which The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec059.html : Chicago Grammar bedroom Antecedent 2003 refer reserved. in {the but aThe For by relative the and the of to Manual clarity, diadem The antecedent main the Usage result University villa, bedroom of pronouns clause that it Style can should I may which on told sometimes or Online of also antecedent which to Chicago. immediately you was the be 5.59: the about painted a noun be villa? relative ambiguous: All is Antecedent ispink, ain precede phrase noun this clause does or in the Page athe 19/30/2006 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.60 If mean But pronoun: the Jones nonrestrictive, sentences brightly, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec060.html :no Grammar if relative Chicago Omitted that 2003 antecedent told reserved. there who which feels by us basic and Manual antecedent is {Where clause The about?}, Usage {Is an i.e., warm noun meaning) University antecedent, of this is on is could Style the restrictive, or my expressed, what {Where which {the man face}. be Online of you use who deleted sun, Chicago. (if are were See awhich spoke?}, 5.60: what i.e., the different the also looking without relative All can hunters Omitted essential is 5.38. that beaffecting shining for?}. relative used (ifto that clause antecedent tothe is the 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.61 child, kindergarten} will an naturally kindergarten}.) of the end which sentence The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec061.html :what old-fashioned Grammar forms possessive of Chicago Possessive be 2003 {no reserved. the trained {The with of {the legend by mother phrase) and Manual whom purpose The {this a child of Usage forms as The preposition, sound of University and of that awhich {no of foal, relative whom hunter/jumper}. whose of of Style and (the legend what?}. which the we can mother preposition Online of talked what know}. see sire that are often Chicago. The 5.169. we forms possessives of we 5.61: about, relative On (These be talked which know ending rephrased the being All Possessive is of} Belle forms about possessive that in placed a {the or owns, have more is forms of forms in the at Page 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.62 possessive movie writers which, usage unnecessary stock rose whose The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec062.html : Chicago Grammar relatives Whose faster. 2003 the whose rose is reserved. especially object centuries smoother. conclusion by form faster and conclusion awkwardness. Manual and Either The who to Usage (whose of University and using when with old of form which of which Style substitutes is and the which whose Compare is unforgettable}. subject widely company can acceptable, Online of isboth as Chicago. unforgettable} a the accepted for replacement is the 5.62: take company not of stock but All Whose whose which) Some human, as the whose of preventing for as {a which possessive {aof but and a of the which 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.63 Who, pronouns relatives apply {whatever write 5.202 The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec063.html : Chicago Grammar Compound whom, 2003 universally a under reserved. report by whoever, you by what, and adding whoever; Manual The relative do, about Usage and University to let the whomever, of which any this whomever. me Style pronouns suffix or know} book form all Online of whichever, ever. {whoever may Chicago. compound persons borrow 5.63: The needs compound and or All relative Compound it}. things whatever to Seerelative also 9/30/2006 pronouns Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.64 An represents identified common none, compound anything, one, neither separate nearby. singular takes indefinite describe {everyone promises pronouns nominative possessive, ones else business} The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec064.html :indefinite Grammar Chicago Indefinite oneself, plus 2003 one, notes fault} reserved. are are Indefinite indefinite {everyone the of are everybody, understood s {no by an or another, other, pronoun and and also during big the Manual objects music; not {Is {dont The pronoun object, doesnt somebody, one objective Usage pronouns returns}. indefinite called affected this University some, elses pronouns is the carries of any, pronouns, they interfere everyone, referred the is usually need the enjoying anyones Style first and distributive one both, hadnt risk, forms cups subject The by specific a pronoun such. someone. have Online of that week}. plural gender one such to forms with were each, everything, the but are jacket?} Chicago. been from number. generally that There of as dinner} they the may anybody broken}. 5.64: identification. But sense of or either, Each, pronouns a listening anybody, others has verb, indefinite person, same. take are sometimes were or All When Indefinite {nobody already nobody, either, {everybody the elses or also s neither, referred it lured To because an indefinitely anyone, to and {that adverb isit} form an could been no and usually by the The pronouns the is they to most no 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.65 An functions personal adjectives The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec065.html :adjective Grammar Chicago Adjective 2003 reserved. pronouns, as by {those and Manual pronoun a The pronouns noun Usage University windows} who, of modifier. (also Style and{some called none Online of All Chicago. may coyotes}. a5.65: pronouns pronominal serve All Adjective other as adjective) than pronouns 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.66 An pronoun descriptive pronouns that {mystical}, {harmful}, {foolish}, {childlike}, The {sunny}. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec066.html :adjective Grammar Chicago Definition distinguish 2003 reserved. either meaning by ible ive and adjective) ary Manual is ous The by {demonstrative}, Usage a {elementary}, {inaccessible}, adjectives {perilous}, University word describing (a oflimiting Style that or byOnline adds are of it narrowing some adjective). en Chicago. more able ic less a{lonesome}, {wooden}, new {artistic}, 5.66: definitely {manageable}, {helpless}, idea a All nouns Definition Some ful toand aor suffixes ish noun like yal fully Page or 1 (a 9/30/2006 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.67 A minute} proper does Where attributive lowercase 8.85. Toronto, not may Ontario, awkward). marketplace prepositional The 6.43. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec067.html : Chicago proper Grammar be Proper not 2003 the A reserved. name, name used deemed {a place-name adjective cause Ontario, restaurant} connection {french Compare by Cuban and adjectives used use as with in Manual begins The obligatory phrase the an New Usage is cigar} attributively a University fry} or adjective the is noun weak containing New Delhi, of with between New (the for one readability Style {diesel Delhi {a it or aIndia Delhi, {we the that, comma capital Canadian modifies obscure, because Online of the met marketplace proper aengine}. is Chicago. being commasuch Indiashould after (substituting proper in still of letter 5.67: dollar}. to the a adjective). aOntario or second Toronto, be New capitalized, noun See All deriving or Proper {a capitalized. as Delhi, also a New The and is generally comma isadjectives a often See York its 8.65, from India, also but a it 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.68 A that ending rising ed) assignment} participles face} taken The 5.84. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec068.html : Chicago participial Grammar {an Participial modifies 2003 {a a reserved. in star} endangered different graven ing) by and {a have Manual or The adjective a {the proven Usage noun. a image}, adjectives only University past form species} of dining It need}. this Style participle {shaved} is the can simply room} adjectival {a past-participial Online ofcompleted be Some Chicago. a {engraved}. {a a5.68: present (usually irregular participle walking function All Participial participle aSee stick} past verb (see {a also ending shaven having {a 5.108) (verb adjectives in 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.69 noun indicate An adjectives road}. The phrase. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec069.html :article Grammar Chicago Definition phrase 2003 reserved. When something by is might {a and present, Manual The a road} Usage of limiting determines stand University an definite of {a it article Style alone brick is adjective the always (the) Online ofnouns or road} Chicago. be or the that used {the 5.69: indefinite oryellow first precedes with Allword phrases Definition other brick (a ause in noun or a noun of to an). an or9/30/2006 article Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.70 well the that be {won a definite The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec070.html :described singular Grammar definite package Chicago Definite understood was the 2003 reserved. expected grand article by or and is Manual article {the The article a here prize}. Usage that plural {the University is sights of is points it here); evidence} Style adoes The noun. shortened in definite to (2) Chicago}; Online ofa{the not Mass Chicago. is definite need nouns form a 5.70: article thing herd}. description or of may All (3) Definite object the that may also ispackage is important precede that take (e.g., article about (1)to the is so1 of 1 Page 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.71 An or members student generalized The Lost}. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec071.html :persons indefinite Grammar Chicago Indefinite 2003 reserved. of Princeton}, at by that a and {an Manual class. The article Usage article are idea University of not The inspired points Style or distinguished thing uncountable Online of to may by Chicago. nonspecific Miltons be 5.71: singular from {a All multitude}, Indefinite Paradise the objects, {a otherarticle things, or 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.72 In reference definite about The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec072.html :aChicago Grammar Exceptions few 2003 independence} reserved. usages, article {I by and Manual saw The Usage the a University great generic of (generalizing indefinite Style movie reference Online oflast Chicago. article by 5.72: night} {the nationality). provides All Exceptions Scots and the are a specific talking Page 19/30/2006 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.73 With on words and {a before {an 7.46, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec073.html :hotel the Grammar /w/, X-Files Chicago Choosing the 2003 with 15.9. reserved. sound words indefinite no suite} by a and matter episode} Manual of consonant with The a Usage the {a University or a how Ouachita of article, word vowel an {an Style sound, the it hour sound word precedes. tribe Online of the including ago}. Chicago. is {an choice member}. spelled 5.73: LSAT See A also of comes /y/, All exam Choosing a 5.202, {a An or /h/, before eulogy} comes room} ana depends or an 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.74 With appear need mail the of entity}. plural with The college}. :dressage, Grammar article Chicago Articles a trimming} today}. each 2003 reserved. series before noun, And modifier by and need Manual If if the The with of each {a Usage the coordinate not horse definite University letter coordinate noun {in of things named be Style and the {the repeated and things article named rider first nouns, Online of rosebush a nouns magazine Chicago. make {in appear are and should ansecond 5.74: the covered article and up came to All a highest not Articles the single be years in by be should hedge one the one repeated degree idea,coordinate nouns Page 1 o of with f 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec074.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.75 Because example, to was officer suggests you contains and being both compound of cloth the The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec075.html :cloth, aChicago her Grammar one like the clearest first blue). Effect phrase red 2003 discussed. (the reserved. car articles man and blue an that the both and modifier: the adjective by suggests red and on may officer with a Manual red cloth? way blue The friend two red clear meaning cloth Usage shift have two and If to University people and is red-and-blue of and (though suggests ambiguity express expression rather descriptive escorted blue to and a hyphenate depending blue Style demonstrative gentleman acted the cloth? threads. than ambiguously) the Online of that blue Princess is as is Chicago. on idea cloth; the characteristics. suggests likely escorted escorts. two the either cloth) the 5.75: But second that value, different phrase article Plum and Do in All that to or Effect that the Princess Similarly, you a with (the repeat to the given as the cloth used. her the like use fabrics a two red on meaning escort But car context, the cloth meaning Plum the contains kinds cloth For an Do word red are with and 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.76 Some present, both is new The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec076.html :poured Grammar bottles). Chicago Zero usages new 2003 reserved. usually and article into by and call Manual washed The new Usage for before University bottles of bottles aStyle zero a mass only} article, are Online ofor Chicago. stacked (the plural 5.76: an isnearby, article All article noun implicit Zero {although implicitly cider before Page9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.77 meaningfor us inserted (we The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec077.html :little Grammar absence felt Chicago Omitted 2003 reserved. before somewhat comfort by and of example, Manual article The an Usage little: University article (we comforted). ofthe werent Style the meaning may news Online of alter comforted) Chicago. of5.77: brought a sentences the news Allabrought changes us Omitted little if acomfort article is Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.78 An example, described may article The :article Grammar be Chicago Article 2003 reserved. filled the. the rash by may and Manual as blanks See The in sometimes on Usage pronoun with also University ___ of inStyle hands the 5.204. asubstitute substitute patient pronoun should Online of Chicago. who phrase inform 5.78: for develops aArticle All his pronoun. ___ or the doctor her asFor or the substitute Page 1 of pronoun http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec078.html 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.79 Dates today day comma 2003 is before commencement seems contains the {commencement also The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec079.html :used, Grammar date construction Chicago Use financial 6.46. 2003 are than is awkward reserved. and and is needed then two often by in after and used Manual punctuation ceremonies}. commas The years a because ceremonies statement}. Usage used {October comma as the is University of past. an (which therefore as year is the Style adjective, descriptive 31 considered on If {the But adjective If are festivities} May Online of a abackwardlooking); this best month-and-year May Chicago. full 18, no 18, construction avoided 5.79: adjectives, necessary (which 2002}. hyphen month-day-year 2002, All {December Use is See or and ormore both forwardlooking) monthandpunctuation date so 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.80 An precedes bowl special {captains standard is asleep}; the {nothing The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec080.html :normally adjective Grammar adjective Chicago Basic of 2003 reserved. soup}. emphasis it usage or important} courageous}; by rules and {perfect a (4) Manual that The predicate {anything An {court-martial} Usage the is University modifies adjective of needed noun {something storm} Style (2) adjective good} isit aOnline {reasons {spectacular may of of noun occurs {everything {notary a wicked}. Chicago. follow type or (see 5.80: innumerable} noun in usually the public}; 5.83) this All view} Basic phrase yellow} noun position {the followed {good rules if (3) usually city (1) it Page in is 9/30/2006 by 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.81 When adjective, typically shoes} The : Chicago Grammar After a 2003 reserved. noun {the follows by possessive both and phrase companys Manual The Usage modifying University the includes of nounthe possessive former Style or apresident}. Online of pronoun possessive same Chicago. {childrens noun, After 5.81: All athletic and the anpossessive noun or pronoun Page 1 adjective http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec081.html of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.82 When the {some {it The : Chicago Grammar pronoun was Adjective modifying 2003 like reserved. insensitive} by it and {the Manual The hot}, modifying a Usage pronoun, searchers University of sometimes {Who Style pronoun an was found Online of adjective asChicago. so him a jealous?}. predicate 5.82: unconscious} usually All adjective Adjective follows modifying pronoun Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec082.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.83 A verb afraid} delicious} modifies predicate train the The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec083.html : Chicago predicate Grammar adjective predicate Predicate (see 2003 will reserved. {the aadjective. 5.101) by {I noun be and adjective Manual night The feel late here noun adjective Usage or but University became bad}. pronoun modifies at hour. of modifies For islate a Style an If example, colder} in adjective an the Online of hour, the adjective Chicago. subject subject {this predicate, in the 5.83: the that adjective tastes train. All in train Predicate {the follows the itBut child will predicate is latemodifies abe not in adjective linking is the a 9/30/2006 late, Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.84 A clause cubs dangle to participle. immediately before soldier participial phone dodging dangler the traffic, certain subordinating rule The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec084.html :aChicago participial Grammar same soldier Dangling from noun against 2003 got reserved. {watching receiving (receiving traffic). will participles when problem he danger}. that dropped by and This followed phrasefor before dropped Manual improve dangling, The participle adjective the conjunctions) performs Usage constantly, occurs the arises University participle in Recasting But is awarding of his functioning by medal, the meant Style such example, see often the when cell street style 5.164. aphone action noun to the and Online of the lacks a correctly participial participial apply possessive {the Chicago. general dodging (the sentence medal} as therefore lioness it grammatical denoted in prepositions 5.84: modifiesfor general to cell the {dodging appears congratulated soldier, the All protected to Dangling phrase follows phone street}. exempt by form traffic, eliminate congratulated the connection before is wasnt the (or is example, not from the participle her not For said general). his the a cell main to 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.85 An positive superlative expresses other The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec085.html :adjective Grammar Chicago Three 2003 thing reserved. {hard}, an by degrees and {hardest}. {a Manual has objects The big Usage three the University balloon} of comparative quality Style degrees A positive {bad Online of without of Chicago. {harder}, news}. comparison: adjective 5.85: reference All Three and simply the the degrees to any Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.86 A between share, quality suffix common {lightlighter} three form {purposefulmore two narrower}, The careless}. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec086.html : Chicago comparative Grammar syllables Comparative the 2003 or reserved. often er adjective two {a more comparative usually by cheaper but and things Manual to The adjective syllables take most Usage determine {merrymerrier}. forms having purposeful}. University signals in ticket} the of take {intelligentmore terms Style er expresses one takes more which the suffix {a of or Online of happier comparative more Some {more ahas sometimes Chicago. specified An {lazylazier} the instead adjectives 5.86: more adjective hostile} relationship ending}. intelligent} All or two Comparative form quality of less syllables {more a{narrow with The of suffix of athey that forms to 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.87 A at or house suffix common {lighterlightest} with to quarrelsome} adjectives holiest} fruitful} The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec087.html :form superlative least amount Grammar Chicago Superlative three 2003 on reserved. est adjective the three the {noblenoblest}, in {most by usually or with and superlative Manual amore block} {humorousmost The adjective things particular Usage two reckless}. forms having University signals {narrowernarrowest}. syllables of {the syllables and Style expresses one {quarrelsomemost bitterest denotes shared but the or humorous}. Online of takes take most superlative sometimes Chicago. quality the an pill most the take 5.87: extreme relationship Some est of instead most All {the two An Superlative all}. form suffix adjective of syllables {most biggest intensity of The {holy between a suffix forms 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.88 There adjectives adjective followed doubled reddest}. dropped politest}. form more Fridays}. that {goodbetterbest} dictionary The : Chicago Grammar Forming or the boring guides 2003 are reserved. before most by comparative awill is (2) Many by (3) and few comparative a than their Manual comparatives a before The single If monosyllable the adding A adjectives Usage rules show participle the University comparative suffix {lesslesserleast}. of the consonant, adjective or first the for the Style and participle; the forms and forming is suffix are one} ending used superlative Online of attached superlatives irregularthere and ends of Chicago. the {I {politepoliter as a5.88: superlative an in am short final in an no irregular asuffix {redredder most aA adjective forms. single {this All silent Forming regular consonant good tired teleplay is forms (1) vowel adjective. e, requires added on no comparatives If the isthe rule e is and superlatives P to is age 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec088.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.89 When modifier, such concealed}, phrase the very {very seems job few satisfied) having verbal normally The : Chicago Grammar {very past Past-participial a as will 2003 tired} more reserved. past such mostly qualities. quite participle participles omitted. that do much by like are and participle or as Manual the {very The {quite adjectival modifier little very appreciated} in Usage a job University verb, the With See drunk}. of much has surprised}, alone (such adjectives {little middle 5.159. Style functioning these is gained very {very qualities usually without But as {very Online needs of few, known}, bored, much a if Chicago. the barely strong much the as modified the much and 5.89: distrusted}. spectrum interested, an or participial quantitative quantitative delayed}. those {barely adjectival to All adjective an Past-participial help with adverbial between having do an If A pleased, form has quality, the much adverb much mostly those aisadjectives Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec089.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.90 An state pregnant, a the can quite. emphasis rule framers its order The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec090.html :adjective comparative Grammar comparative it preamble Chicago Uncomparable and 2003 or to reserved. be But of conditionfor is use form uniqueis intensified by on the and needed, Manual that, a {We The suffix the a phrase United Usage terms more the University adjectives rare by of called a and People perfect definition, more, by good such States Style example, occasion cannot a uncomparable. word writer as most, of Online of Constitution Union more the Chicago. entire, be such when describes less, may coupled perfect, United . 5.90: as a . depart particular .}. impossible, and very, All It Uncomparable did States, with an cannot least. as from largely, in absolute the one composing this in take Nor ofadjectives or 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.91 A with noun. commas {nurturing modifies expressed the and lethargic lethargic. wrinkled adjectives connection different useful adjectives, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec091.html : Chicago coordinate Grammar noun, should Coordinate one 2003 Coordinate reserved. or test or the canvas by the soccer materials; by and not Likewise, are in and more is a Manual adjective and noun the The adjectives sense comma loving be not this: Usage adjectives jacket related adjectives {skilled, combination player University and separated coordinate: of (a is phrases so if parent}. another Style is are red necessary. describes could and adjectives are one experienced unpunctuated house should by would Online of not such that adjective a But a they Chicago. the wrinkled considered comma. could a5.91: as fit See appears be if to first soccer have red separated one between also modify chess be modifies For because All brick no jacket). Coordinate adjective made in player 6.3940. coordinate example, logical player} aof the house sequence by the the same who many The two and adjectives idea a and is 9/30/2006 most Page 1 of 1

5.92 A phrasal if phrase competition}. between For hospital. a hyphenated {video-game-magazine controversy}. adjective especially numbers} facility}. element, second ending programs}. common executives}. an instance, pregnancy, day plural majority}. the news earnings about expected, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec092.html 5phrasal :Chicago it amount example, unattached element requires sentence Grammar Phrasal about is the that to phrase, element element, is adjective the placed {state-inspected the disappointed adjective avoid (2) adjective, modifies or pregnancy retained third-quarter disappointed to important (4) But and (6) the functions hyphenated should Manual and adjectives compare ending (5) a should There If clarify (3) and words {the if duration, a twenty-four-hour-a-day If lower-than-expected before misdirecting a Usage a If shop follows If two hyphen a compound a be only of (also may element choralthe lasts phrasal probably small the dispute} more single {nineteenth-century suspension to as the phrasal repeated open investors Style aearnings, and investors. be show phrasal for anine noun, entire is plurals called these relationship than assisted-living unit a the animal twenty-four noun noun, should and usually fractions adjective Online the considerable that be {college-footballhalftime adjectives you unhyphenated one {left-handed months to basic compound hyphen instrumental-music adjective recast. could aOr reader is should hospital hyphenation they which compound modify should phrasal appear third-quarter 5.92: an inappropriate, perhaps rules: but schedule. {a becomes become element among should are hours {dog-eat-dog be For were noun song-anddance end begin two-thirds Phrasal adropped. hyphenate difference only denotes is with related modifier) noun. forms. and example, (1) the in a The lower this: must becomes follow awkward, of with ninemonth smallanimal a leftbrained The Generally, words news adjectives Athan common be to and the a For The is a9/30/2006 the Page 1 of 2

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights Investors earnings, The 90. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec092.html Chicago 2003 reserved. were which by Manual The disappointed were University oflower Stylethan by Online ofthe Chicago. expected. third-quarter 5.92: All Phrasal See also adjectives 7.82 9/30/2006 Page 2 of 2

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.93 There adjectives (1) unhyphenatedfor athlete proper hyphenated A ending reprimand} The : Chicago two-word Grammar If Exceptions 2003 are reserved. the name in with exceptions ly by {the phrasal (but and begins Manual an is The Usage for athlete Monty not a example, University not-so-sharply-worded ahyphenated adjective of hyphenating for phrasal Python Style who hyphenating compare is Online of{a follows adjective, school that well Chicago. phrasal a5.93: begins sharply well-trained trained. of phrasal a verb, comedy}. the reprimand). All with Exceptions worded name adjectives: it (2) an(3) is When is adverb usually not for a hyphenating phrasal adje ctives Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec093.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.94 Adjective-to-noun English. and a collectible the nouns there For adjective form collaboration The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec094.html : Chicago postmortem Grammar are French. example, Adjectives of 2003 should is reserved. perfectly collaborative Some an collaborative by and objects Any alternative, Manual examination be there The adjectives is Usage as but used available. University transitions suitable nouns is of are the only probably enterprise) Style collectibles; most as are is it after for a often will Online of well established noun are most no Chicago. careful almost relatively established called good (i.e., when 5.94: contexts. and reason the consideration. certainly All a among as Adjectives French postmortem; perfectly acommon as For to shortened such nouns citizens use example, be in as better. the good If 9/30/2006 nouns arePage 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.95 Adjective-to-verb occur cargo into this The prose. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec095.html : Chicago Grammar Adjectives them} achievement}. 2003 once tanks reserved. by in {it and were Manual The a would Usage as while, inerted University transitions verbs They of be Style usually silly are by Online introducing not of are to as Chicago. acceptable low-key uncommon jargon 5.95:carbon All or the Adjectives in slang credit English formal dioxide {the for as but verbs 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.96 Words adjectives but pronouns The : Chicago Grammar sometimes Other 2003 that reserved. (see by parts ordinarily and Manual The as 5.52), Usage of adjectives, University of speech and function Style verbs functioning Online of(see include as Chicago. other 5.96: 5.107). nouns as parts All Other (see of parts 5.30), speech, of speech functioning as ad jectives Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec096.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.97 A or an fly. verb that grammatical {Run!} The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec097.html :emotion. verb the Grammar Chicago Verbs Nonaction is can 2003 reserved. shows existence {Enjoy!} the express by and Action most sentence Manual the The verbs Usage {Think!}. performance of essential a University verbs thought of a(with include condition Style include part by the Online of or imagine, itself, subject Chicago. occurrence or of walk, a state speechthe 5.97: exist, in shout, understood) All a Verbs ofand complete an being, taste, only Page action dread. one 1and such ofA19/30/2006 as

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.98 Depending classified requires curb, to an jumped}, phrase are succeed identifying verb used object poorly} what The :object the Grammar both distinguishable Chicago Transitive indicates transitively, intransitively, that intransitively the 2003 the reserved. (but object {the undefined means (how an although transitive patient on verb to is by as and object see rescuer the Manual its express normally well The transitive (curb). to what hit Usage and 5.99). toxin, relationship or eats). University it follow the to expresses as of intransitive action jumped and by to unknown aStyle may as express An in used patient For complete their it emphasize intransitive. in or intransitive be the and means example, to the transitively intransitive. followed {the Online of what meanings. kings take with a the eats subject chemist Chicago. complete thought to verbs the patient ground}. the objects, is 5.98: in heir accomplish by verb subject verb The place more exerts the For will {the a may All thought; will is Transitive Aimportant prepositional different and cyclist does Many example, arescuer transitive of; succeed sometimes eating verb on (cyclist) succeed leave averbs not the when task. the is hit require usages when in the and than him, be verb a did A intransitive verbs Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec098.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.99 Some transitively object when noun door words was the now 16}. transitive several makes your usages The idioms. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec099.html : Chicago Grammar once books often Ergative verbs, the door (transitive) Likewise, business}. 2003 undergo it reserved. when cautiously types verbs exclusively transitive and on intransitive by only and called the Manual or January The verbs the ergative of grow Usage intransitively verbs use in Careful crops}, University verb or if ergative horticultural of is (generally in the transitive 16}, at Style use intransitive. open, shifts. {the many writers all, door but but is verbs, books other Online of one commercial preferring transitive, opened in with For an Chicago. {the and can commercial contexts shipped intransitive contexts can example, 5.99: acompany editors For say (intransitive). noun be usage well-established All example, I Ergative used and on {the that opened {how the usage employ shipped January the now verb) family becomes verb to subject with the it verbs grow such Many ship is was grew the the Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 5 reserved. 5.100 Depending classified among usually regular no tense sprangsprung}. dictionary of rules. {block}, other ing forms simple cooked} single before drippingdripped}. is bouncing}; past y forming hurried}. and form alternatives the British The spelt). :dropped preceded modern English Grammar to past forms Chicago participle {dreamdreamed} 2003 Regular and than the AEnglish its form vowel taking forms verb {vetovetoedvetoed}. the regular two participle on most rules past A in as is verbs e simple to only by and {blockblockedblocked} past few Manual its {rideriding} vowels {veto} before are ed The and regular an the form a challenging. participle tense Usage on A a {bouncebounced}. consonant, regular (e.g., tends inflections essential are verb tense available, University irregular good form present d how If the of and forms a is formed regular and {dreamdreamt}. or that consonant, a to Style an dictionary {blocking} present added and dreamed, aprefer regular verbs irregular. past participle irregular {rideroderidden} consonant the or {springspringing}, aid. ends the past by verbs Although American Online of (changes and past to present participle If have adding participle y Chicago. Fortunately, in verb form participle learned, the are a the changes of {cooking} forms If aforms regular an 5.100: The verb {cook}, {cookcooked an in usage inflected double consonant ends the a t When English of participle alternative regular to irregular the All form), forms by ending past to spelled), {bounce the these in Regular or verb with same consonant or {vetoing}. adding an rights {spring the a tends t general tense simple there the according a is silent verb i (dreamt, abefore ends {drip ed way great vowel by verbs verb doubled past and past ed {hurry to while adding and ends as are in verb to e, prefer irregular is majority It tense are a learnt, to e verbs Page 1 of its the in 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec100.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.101 A one sentencea predicate an sense, used figurative to anything) runit The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec101.html :a linking object. be Grammar that Chicago as large 2003 Linking and reserved. such has alinks verb adjective. intransitive link, or by predicate There sense fortune dried and as Manual the The verbs (also the seem, Usage the are akin river up). University subject (he of weakened called pronoun, The two smell, to See Style verbs didnt ran linking kinds that 5.158. to dry aintransitive appear, Online of that copula an predicate of physically of (a Chicago. equivalent verb became, linking are waterless 5.101: feel, or itself used connecting noun, All as fall verbs: and verb Linking in word in river does or a look. on often he weakened in forms or not fell doesnt verbs verb) the When into has take of heir Page is a 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.102 A particle) hyphenated, adjective and Three distinct phrasee.g., get the same dont especially e.g., The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec102.html : Chicago phrasal Grammar compare rid phrasal meaninge.g., 2003 Phrasal rules compress reserved. one of from verb {settle might by and if burns and even to apply: verb Manual hold The verbs the it is step do the Usage becompare though if has out University usually down} component up away (1) rest phrase of up the means a and Style the if with corresponding {get its verb up suffers ais the into to pace to verb equivalent words, mean Online of up}. alone flare phrasal equivalent rob a Chicago. with plus to one-word burnout. A5.102: use conveys phrasal up or averb eliminate; one-word ato noun with stepped-up the preposition All to verb, Phrasal has entire delay, essentially verb or a rest; flare-up, noun phrasal a is sense (2) pace. and verbs and form (or not avoid (3) the Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.103 Depending auxiliary can dreamed it may to {You store} commonly must, see The :form expresses Grammar stand roar}. 5.13240. Chicago must 2003 Principal ought, reserved. {the about a used on (also alone verb study by An and show Manual its the shall, The Xanadu}. auxiliary auxiliaries phrase Usage and termed to for uses, combinations was University express of auxiliary the and interrupted}. that Style awill. modal). If verb exam!} verb combined are an indicates Online of is verbs is act be, For Aused leading {I Chicago. classified principal or will can, more with The 5.103: state with mood, thought go most do, on another All ahave, to auxiliary Principal verb {he tense, as principal the principal jogs} {a is verb, may, tiger or one verbs, and {I voice verb that auxiliary or verbs Page 1 o f 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec103.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.104 is be verb, will verb adverb, him}. begins I not natural can wont} doesnt}, jocularly corresponding the with {he were The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec104.html :leaving. repeat aChicago Grammar combination modifier want be negative is verb soon phrase the 2003 Verb as In not} reserved. split the negated contracted {he nothe after {Dont in an that?} more?}, pronoun phrase, be but or by phrases sentence has {they and When could is interrogative Manual typically leaving. in is The the I interrogative isnthes in negated by you nothe Usage of {Do am dialect, emphasized a{we but and have University such certainly this first placing an verb want not of and you contractions the auxiliary The do hasnt} notthey Style as goes way by is phrase auxiliary is want more?}. notwe I negative not} could idea placing sentence, not contracted is followed aintbut if directly happen, form Online of more?}. quite after {she the {we is that haventtheyve Chicago. verb happen, Most dont} is modified not, {we auxiliary is are does 5.104: must verb mistaken by the arent with after An negative to never left have often notwe the {I must first interrogative subject notshe Im All always phrases aI. will standing Verb by the negative not subject I principal more not is go, (see amnt). arent an auxiliary forms Sometimes first called notI contracted not}. phrases go, {Do (or, or adverb, should 5.160). {Must alone will and you auxiliary The verb Page A 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.105 An of preceded auxiliary several make, when passive but to The 5.138). http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec105.html :listen}. infinitive, a is Grammar he Chicago verb the 2003 Definition generally need, reserved. was verbs, voice, by infinitive that verb by seen toThe and The Manual also in {to {you such to Usage dropped see to University its should dance} return should of called must as {You follows principal Style bid, when flee} dare be {to later} also aOnline dare, one retained of verbs the dive}. say and be Chicago. uninflected of infinitive {they feel, that retained can these 5.105: root Incannot {she be to the hear, All or verbs dropped me!}. saw Definition after stem, form active follows help, him be in But may made ought is after the leave, voice, an let, the be Page (see part 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.106 Although stated adverbs principal income The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec106.html : Chicago Grammar 2003 Split reserved. otherwise, next sometimes from verb by and infinitive year}. Manual The about {they Usage University it justifiably See of 1850 is expect Style 5.160. now to Online 1925 widely to of separate more Chicago. many acknowledged 5.106: than grammarians the All double Split to from that their infinitive the 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.107 verbal adverb. the javelin}; or noun, finite transitive assistant}. modify used denote The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec107.html :(4) Grammar infinitive lesson Chicago adverbially 2003 Uses the reserved. noun an verb a As noun result (3) adverbial infinitive by of a to verb and because {to The Manual verb, The the end}; a {a has also Usage predicate fly or infinitive {hes compulsion to University infinitive great it participle of it has (2) modifier is indicate can can too Style can a limited an versatility. perform lofty take complement nice function object can to Online of {to a {I (1) goal}; be steal}. motive to Chicago. uses think as want {to used do a(1) 5.107: as as subject {to such It throw to or athe quickly}. as It an All is verb race (2) hire purpose an can awful Uses adjective sometimes the subject {we the adjective or home}; a also of new things}. athe wanted As object or noun. be aor of to called infinitive aof to an9/30/2006 a a Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.108 Two present participle denotes the {watching wait} past {planted The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec108.html : Chicago Grammar participles time participle 2003 Forming {hearing reserved. participle the expressed in intently by usually and verbs the Manual The participles his Usage are denotes spring} University invariably ends action by for name, of formed the Style a{written in the mouse, Jon as sentences from ed. verbs Online of in turned ends The Chicago. progress the last in present action 5.108: verb cat to principal ing, year}. answer}. settled All stem: or as Forming and participle incomplete completed the verb inparticiples The pastat 9/30/2006 to Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.109 A closely complements. modify will predicate, {she discouragement} behind see The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec109.html : Chicago participial Grammar 5.68, stop will 2003 Participial reserved. a the associated noun the succeed, 5.84. by or counter}. and Manual It The phrase or leaks}, any Usage can {she pronoun University phrases adverb word persevering of be is pointed For or Style used made or {nailed (2) or more words, (1) adjective Online of up as to on despite Chicago. of as an the to participial such achef an adverb 5.109: the participle adjective in as roof, All the drooping modifiers to Participial modify predicate adjectives, the plus to slate or the any phrases 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.110 A noun, {complaining verb nominative sleeping}; erosion The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec110.html : Chicago gerund Grammar {I 2003 Gerunds the reserved. dont by is gerund by or terracing and a Manual about The present like complement (4) Usage can University the itthe your of be participle wont object Style used cooking}; {his fields}. help}; Online as of favorite Chicago. (1) a used (3) preposition (2) 5.110: the as a the hobby subject predicate All a Gerunds noun. object is {reduce of Being of Page a a verb a of 1 9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.111 A and The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec111.html : Chicago verb Grammar number. 2003 Five reserved. has by properties five and Manual The Usage properties: University of Style Online voice, of Chicago. mood, tense, 5.111: All Five properties person, 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.112 Voice acted performs transitive judge broken subject joining to pulls ox clause novelist, before Although the agent matter careful inferior The carefully}. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec112.html :(passive get) Grammar object past Chicago 2003 Active shows on levied the remains reserved. by often given; of (judge) (branch) an with consideration} (passive or the participle to cart the style, by verbs (storm). inflected and whether receives voice). active Manual and a the has inflected The storm implied so unnamed $50 (active Usage is are does verbs an the passive University voice)that fine acting. voice of the is The A implied must the said form passive not passive-voice (or {his Style in voice) form is subject is passive past action always voice {we to the break of understood) typically, in But tires be: of Online of have to participle. construction will is, the passive with the to {the Chicago. acts of itselfit voice be in appear. were whether voice. active be consider trees (or, the 5.112: verb matter (active is though voice is words slashed}. verb. cart advice in sometimes Sometimes All The voice always Compare in the branch is Active colloquial will the because is a that not voice) Only clause acted was subject subordinate given because pulled matter formed As be always, the was given. and implicit, the on a given or the by ox come passive usage, by isthe by the 9/30/2006 voice Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.113 If present {the is action, The :in an Grammar Chicago ox 2003 Progressive inflected active reserved. participle, is not by pulling and being Manual voice The Usage form University conjugation acted the because of aof progressive Style cart}. to the on. be Online of and is The subject Chicago. joined voice conjugation progressive 5.113: is with All performing Progressive the is produced conjugation verbs the conjugation and voice Page http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec113.html 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.114 Mood expresses are mood cost cottage} imperative usually {give a that doubtful, contrary wish suggestion requirement completed base instead subjunctive but {if in reconsider The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec114.html :fact reality Grammar indicative, subjunctive the I Chicago (or makes very the I form 2003 Mood me am reserved. had has of writer poisoned mode) {Does the subjunctive to right an little} but imagined, by of by statements mood some {I an his and an fact {the verb: Manual action magazine} 2:00 the The as suggest inflected indicates that understood does about associates}. Usage imperative, expresses mood alternatives}. awhen {if requirement verb with University {the p.m.}. mental of or bush desired, not expresses I this, or that (be arsenic, Style state botanist {take were the form. know, the asks produce The commands you conception. in you action please and wealthy, See Online way of good conditional, that subjunctive the questions as Note the an It be historians Chicago. being. subjunctive. lives also in yellow the example care action also early} all or indicative call} or that 5.114: which sentences I state 5.127, in requests Typically, exams The of could often {amethysts roses?}. not {if All a or appears just the yourself}. or will Mood three garden might state a be every Napoleon 5.130. The otherwise travel} expresses is verb given), and need Page subject called moods indicative The this in be not as if the true to 1 {I takes was as means of a 19/30/2006 for a

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.115 Tense occurs present, hold division that perfect, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec115.html : Chicago Grammar that indicates 2003 Tenses shows reserved. or past, of past occurred. English by and the time Manual The perfect, and a Usage time breaks comparatively University has future. of The in no Style and which three down future (Some future Online of further an major more Chicago. tense; act, modern perfect. 5.115: divisions remote into state, see grammarians All atime: Tenses 5.118.) perfect or ofcondition time present Page Each tense are 1 of9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.116 an acts, see} used {cats threat}; of Caesar Pompeiian fictional Titanic}. about thingsnot perfect his one tense consists present water The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec116.html :the added Grammar present-tense fathers but Chicago {you (1) 2003 Present conditions, prowl literature. denotes is reserved. past describes indicative action tense Horatio}. participle sThis to (2) of evaporating}. understand} mosaics works by in did and express nightly} that the Manual to ghost, The tense the is continuing third them. and Usage refer present are his plot helpful University form third-person or are Characters See {walk} past {the of aIf reveals states {polluted still strategies point habitual to exquisite}; {the 5.119. Style is See you action tense children memorable {Hamlet, or the {drink}. water extant scene is also that want what progressive Online of in The infinitive important of singular), action water in Chicago. in books, 5.141. occur runs}. takes to he present the are or and literature, who It persons The 5.116: distinguish has is enduring verb swimming} primarily or (3) has in Gallic place plays, It a for learned action All verbs general continuous also the health spoken to Present is and those narrate aboard be present also {Julius War} and the called to and {the stem denotes between to plus truth with works who films present tense {the no the (with a the {I write do9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.117 basic {drank}. occurred auction The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec117.html : Chicago Grammar past 2003 Past inflected reserved. ended tense It or by tense and denotes existed Manual The yesterday} is Usage form University formed of an at is Style act, some called by Online {we inflection state, point ofthe returned Chicago. in past or 5.117: the condition the (see indicative All past shawl}. Past 5.100); {the tense that {walked} the Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

5.118 stem expected wall be tomorrow} typically go?} shall preferred. that a (see traditional way. 6. The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec118.html 5modal :Chicago used R. future Grammar form mural} and English 5.132).6 See Future pay L. instead verb act, in also Trask, {will {we appears within tense Incidentally, {the third-person grammar Manual and tense has that state, shall Yet 5.140. walk} of Language: Usage is restaurant thirty no only should the will of formed see}, future and or {will future Style in condition in days}. is legal some be but first-person The by the tense discussed drink}. will treated Online tense using in linguists Basics first commands In open American at {the most remains 5.118: will It allthat with person here (London: soon}. refers artist questions contexts, {the are with all English in Future anow {I Shall debtor will part the the to will Routledge, shall convinced an {Shall will others familiar tense verbs shall is of design may arrive simply is Page we 1996), a 1 of58. 9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.119 with {has now put present because have comes here indicates The past. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec119.html : Chicago Grammar present completed away the drunk}. played for 2003 Present up reserved. perfect it principal the to eighteen arefers by perfect golf and more Manual It clothes} The perfect or Usage denotes is touches continues there specific University to years}. verbs distinguished of tense (1) tense {it Style before}, an the aor is past has The act, up time present Online of formed a to been past participle more Chicago. state, in or the from aremote the (2) tense, 5.119: by {I present long the using or indefinite a have All past {have condition day}. past by Present time worked have {I contrast, action tense walked} have The in or past perfect the that has that {Iis tense Page 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.120 had {had was action roundhouse stopped The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec120.html : Chicago Grammar past with completed drunk}. 2003 Past reserved. {the to perfect the by perfect before check and engineer Manual principal It The before Usage refers (or the University we tense of pluperfect) another had arrived} map, Style verbs to driven anOnline the of act, specified past {by rain Chicago. the tense state, the participle had 5.120: train time isor past begun All formed to Past we condition time the falling}. {had perfect bywalked} or using past that tense 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.121 the drunk}. expected time specimens have used reasons The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec121.html : Chicago Grammar future verbs {the adjourned in 2003 Future reserved. It the discussed to entomologist before by perfect past refers and be first Manual perfect The completed by Usage participle the University to five person, in tense of tense an semester 5.118. Style will oclock}. act, is before but {will formed have Online of state, ends} is Chicago. some have collected Shall usually by 5.121: or {the other using walked} condition have All court avoided Future future sixty will can {will will also have that more for perfect act have be the with is or tense 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.122 A condition or (3) it, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec122.html :we), verbs Grammar the or Chicago 2003 Person reserved. they). (2) person person is by and the Manual that The or Usage reflects person University of thing of(1) Style spoken spoken whether the Online of person to of Chicago. the (second (third 5.122: speaking act,person, All state, Person (first or person, you), he, Page she, 1or of9/30/2006 1I

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.123 noun must singular person one are The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec123.html : Chicago Grammar number second-person person a or be 2003 Number wonderful reserved. {you pronoun singular changes by of or and sketch} Manual The a more Usage verb used person} or form University verb than of plural. {she must with to Style is one {you indicate sketches} agree it. always Only person Online of are Inwith Chicago. other the plural wonderful number {they is 5.123: the third-person spoken words, in All number and sketch}. Number form, people}. to the of {you whether Page verb presentindicative the1 of9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.124 Conjugation to has present indicative, the for The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec124.html :reflect Grammar seven imperative. conjugation Chicago 2003 Seven reserved. participle, conjugated by voice, and parts is the Manual The the Usage past Except are University mood, changing of the explained parts: participle, Style for tense, present the (inflecting) the Online of in person, auxiliary Chicago. present subjunctive, the 5.124: past following and indicative, All of verbs, subjunctive, Seven number. athe verbs sections. the parts past Arules the form verb Page and9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.125 singular third-person {takes} {goes} i The carries}. : Chicago and Grammar present 2003 Verb then reserved. {does}. {strolls}. and by stem an and indicative Manual plural, singular, The es If Usage (present is University the If of added in the verb Style is which the indicative) the verb {identifyidentifies} ends present Online of adds verb ends Chicago. in an stem y, 5.125: tenseexcept in sthe to o, for All the an y Verb all is es stem changed stem persons, is {carry for added (present the to indicative) Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec125.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.126 of ie, {diedying} that {leaving}. retained {hoehoeing} participle distinguishing from singing). and The :the Grammar present the numbers Chicago eForming dying, 2003 reserved. verb is ie when usually The by usually There that participle {reaping} {tietying}. and {I Manual {shoeshoeing}, The (1) present esingeing am Usage would are (e.g., University dropped the studying} changes of two participles {wandering}. word resemble participle Style is dyeing If exceptions: means formed before to ends the {they Online of and ysomething another means Chicago. before stem with by the (2) is are If 5.126: adding the ends ing oe the something the leaving}. the word {toetoeing} same All is silent verb different stem in Forming ing added but ahas for to ends is silent different eall for the added {giving} is a present from in the persons stemparticiples Page 1 of e, 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec126.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.127 Apart need typically were present (e.g., Compare I canary (or (subjunctive). The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec127.html : Chicago were Grammar should not), king} 2003 Present from reserved. were) threatened, sings, subjunctive if appears by a in {if I sing, and Manual few to am The subjunctive present-day I she See Usage connote threatened, smile set or University in were I also of ordinarily were phrases the would (indicative) Style any uncertainty 5.114. form to English quit different}. I sing), Online of (e.g., if will uses Chicago. (subjunctive), Ithe (he, quit with I 5.127: so a or would present past-tense be impossibility. she, That (indicative) if All it, Present the smile it) is, be subjunctive orverb canary they, were the if the subjunctive with {if sang she9/30/2006 I Page 1 of 1 if

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.128 verbs form {stridestrode} show The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec128.html : Chicago Grammar past the an 2003 Past reserved. stem irregular indicative past by indicative and {likeliked} Manual The tense Usage {readread}. University verbs of isStyle in formed various {spillspilled}. past Online of A by indicative ways good Chicago. adding 5.128: {givegave} dictionary ed All form. Irregular Past to aindicative will regular verbs 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.129 With same and {statedstated} the sat} {shrankshrunk}. The participles. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec129.html : Chicago Grammar past-participial forms regular way and 2003 Forming reserved. as sometimes are by and the Manual verbs, The past sometimes Usage past {pulledpulled}. AUniversity participles different good of the indicativethat forms Style past the dictionary are same Online ofalways participle {forsookforsaken} Chicago. For {paidpaid} will 5.129: is, irregular identical is show All the Forming formed pastindicative {sat the verbs, past in the past participles 9/30/2006Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.130 she, That verb impossibility. filed changed The 5.114. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec130.html : Chicago Grammar past it) is, (e.g., 2003 Past (indicative) reserved. the subjunctive had the by subjunctive and had course Manual {if past The Compare Usage been) Isubjunctive University had with of typically to history Style gone} if if connote it it Online of {if arrived, ordinarily had (subjunctive). appears Chicago. he uncertainty arrived, 5.130: had it in been All uses was the Past itSee there}. or not form a could subjunctive past-perfect properly also if have I (he, 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.131 command, come The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec131.html : Chicago Grammar imperative here.} 2003 Imperative reserved. a request, by and {Give Manual The is Usage University the me of an aStyle verbs exclamation, clue.} Online of stem {Help!}. Chicago. used 5.131: or the toAll make Imperative likea{Please Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.132 An verb) verbs explained The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec132.html :auxiliary Grammar Chicago 2003 Definition is to reserved. ain form by highly and Manual verb the The voice, Usage following University (sometimes irregular oftense, Stylesections. verb and Online of mood. termed Chicago. that 5.132: aSee modal is The All used also main Definition or5.103. with helping ones other are Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.133 This {I becomes glasses}. to denotes explicit trunk? The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec133.html :is can} Grammar Chicago verb 2003 Can substituted) reserved. Yes, {it could ability or uses Can by and can} implicit I Manual The for does certainly only Usage or {they University all not or permission, of its principal persons a Style can}. have stemOnline present can.}. an of form In {he infinitive can verb Chicago. the or in could past is 5.133: past {Can the always see participle. All present indicative, you form Can better followed carry (to Page indicative with be the Because can 1 able by ofan 1 it 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.134 This the used speak?} denoting {he sometimes repetition caught The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec134.html : Chicago Grammar third-person past does verb only 2003 Do reserved. fewer {we indicative, participle performance, well has in substitute by {Marion and do Manual the mistakes The two in plan Usage singular, present school} University forms dances of is some the for do than Style done. in only and charity can {they a well, the and verb, you Online of As past also form present do did}. Chicago. an and work}. thereby for indicative act good for auxiliary 5.134: soas all indicative: all work}. do When All a avoiding other you} Do persons principal verb, {Did Do {he Page persons. can you does is do 1verb did. is of for In 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.135 This In the participle indicative everywhere} denoting principal mosquito The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec135.html :the Grammar third-person past present Chicago verb 2003 Have reserved. past participle possession, on has verb by of mood and indicative, or {he your Manual The two any past {she Usage is had singular, neck}. University forms verb, formed of is indicative looked has have Style also incar the that a {I can the and for only had. Online of verbs have also and present have of a Chicago. form As better have looked a be 5.135: for an present-perfect boat} for a indicative: auxiliary precedes all rate}. sentences All all {you Have other persons When have the verb, Page persons. has past or a is 1 for when pastperfect of had; 9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.136 This {I with greater might forgotten the form denoting equivalent others The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec136.html :may} Grammar wrong Chicago verb a or 2003 May {he win reserved. present may {it uncertainty a wishfulness has asked the to diamond}. present by {may live}. and may} Manual call} The only lottery} or Usage if you {they University present-perfect or its he {the of than May always past or might Style stem may}. {the jeweler does purpose, may participle. be form bring jeweler Online of The {we not happy} Chicago. might in past may have forms a5.136: meaning the friend}, may be {give indicative, have an As ahave present delayed} All infinitive an subjunctive to May given so auxiliary, is express that indicative also Page {we 1 you used may, of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.137 This past have Denoting always must movie The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec137.html : Chicago Grammar verb indicative. to finish 2003 Must must reserved. used is obligation, does by substituted) be and with this Manual The over not Usage It an design} University vary by of does express necessity, now}. Style its or not {everyone aOnline form or ofimplied have present Chicago. or in an inference, must 5.137: either infinitive or infinitive past eat} All Must the participle. {the must present form Page {we is(to 1or of9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.138 This past participle. always ought have omitted usage The 5.105. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec138.html : Chicago Grammar verb indicative. ignored 2003 Ought to is reserved. used after invite to does by and Denoting with include Manual the The not not Usage some It an signal}. University {you vary of has infinitive, it aStyle friends} duty ought {you its no Although infinitive form or ought Online of not {the obligation, Chicago. even in worry}, not driver to 5.138: either in form is to the All occasionally the worry}. ought Ought the or ought negative better present present not is See Page nearly to {we also or orof 1 past 9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.139 This indicative. American 5.118) coffee?}. persons, be Should past compulsion tips} it been The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec139.html :carries at Grammar Chicago verb participle. delivered 2003 Shall home} {you reserved. {Shall does English, and uses The by {I should a and It {Should not Manual always sense The we past should only is today}. Usage have dance?} Should University a except clean indicative of its relatively with you an review inference Style stem read infinitive often the inprincipal {Shall a first-person those garage Online of form that form, carries rare Chicago. I {the in fetch newspaper?}. financial-planning form today}; 5.139: word should, the verb package a sense you or All present in questions {they Shall ais sometimes present-day some present should of used should duty Page (see for have or or 1all of 9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.140 This {she form Saturdays} expresses lent future or, statement The again}. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec140.html : Chicago Grammar in verb will} for me 2003 Will reserved. (see the your all uses a {I by {they {She past and condition 5.118) Manual persons sled}. would The only Usage would form will}. University {she recognize of its Will is would, say {I Style stem In would will would often that!}. the expresses Online of form be the {we past slide carries Chicago. at house in would Would her 5.140: indicative, the down aif aconditional desk go sometimes All present sense the I Will fishing tomorrow} saw hill of the it indicative Page the on if only you 1 of9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.141 being, is exist often When continuing {the participle, given} this to earring}. that the Occasionally, adjective rock-star The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec141.html :active sometimes Grammar verb subject Chicago joined passenger type connects 2003 Forms used reserved. be, {an {I to of voice Third, {a wannabe by and think, as or earring and be with the {truth Manual aa construction would-be The an progressive the has am) sentences was Usage verb {he form auxiliary a to University therefore subject [want eight and verbs waiting}. was is of gave be becomes of beauty} hero} Style has dropped} is to forms a principal present action can the with several verb signal} be be]}. Ipassive or Online of When am}. be most {we is (is, something noun Chicago. {I (see {the advantageously used participle, joined are special Second, was {she common 5.141: are, verb {a {a 5.112). train the as born has-been} signal dropped All was, meaning with affirmed part linking champions}. Forms uses. it in is Often were, is it a of Lubbock}. coming} was past changed her Page First, more denotes an {a verb about been, 1 of it9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.142 To stem to singular, other adding persons, am, being}. third-person were all The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec142.html :be Grammar is, persons imperative Chicago is {she 2003 Conjugation is has persons, reserved. ing not or (3) conjugated but three am; was} by to are and used The is Manual the singular The for the are. {I {we been is Usage present-tense past in present University root am the were}. of differently the (2) {I being} indicative third-person use verbs Style be have present-indicative The continuous {being}. was; (4) present {it been} Online of stem forms: The all Chicago. from is has past {they {Be singular, It being} other 5.142: participle requires two other for is yourself!}. participle forms: have All the persons {you Conjugation verbs. form. first-person is; same also been}. isuse are the Instead, and (1) formed using for firstand (5) for Theby all Page all 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.143 An modifies studied studied); very adverb clause qualifies found {apparently (apparently grammarians a categories the The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec143.html :adverb catchall Grammar particle Chicago swiftly} 2003 Definition it} reserved. may {the constantly} a(exactly is {the the by verb, also to (such and birds you qualifies have Manual asweep in The adjective (very preposition word jugglers Usage qualify forgot a an traditionally as University flew phrasal qualifies of that adjective, (constantly qualifies in the the Style right to words unusual); a to qualifies, act preposition, over); check rest verb in Online of was over the that the an or of used [see Chicago. qualifies your really {this conjunction infinitive another {the adverb the arent 5.143: limits, the 5.102]). references} lake} clause). cyclist a is unusual} term All swiftly). conjunction, readily adverb the exactly Definition describes, (right [see where); adverb verb pedaled Finally, {she (really put 5.105] where AnPage into or as or Ia9/30/2006 and 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.144 Many distinguished in {pedanticpedantically} adjectives adverbs adverb rephrase manner The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec144.html :ic, Grammar Chicago adjectives 2003 With reserved. ally looks or {juvenilejuvenilely} the in by suffixes ending and {slowslowly} Manual clumsy sentence an The by Usage have ugly the University in of (e.g., corresponding suffix le way). oror Style but use {carefulcarefully} ly juvenilely ly {publicpublicly}. Online of a do {sillysillily}. or, phrase Chicago. not adverbs after 5.144: make or uglily), (e.g., All most appealing With in words But If suffixes a juvenile anending either ly Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.145 Many almost, And adjectives by skyward}, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec145.html :taking Grammar not Chicago adverbs 2003 Without reserved. never, every the or by (e.g., and Manual do wise The suffixes word ending here, Usage not University lovely, {clockclockwise}. ending of have now, ways Style an just, in curly). {sidesideways}, identifying Online of is ly Chicago. seldom, A5.145: an few adverbsome suffix late, nouns All Without ward near, form (e.g., {sky are suffixes adverbs too). 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.146 An adverb early is identical distinguishable following These particle The 5.102. :an adverb Grammar Chicago 2003 Distinguished start is adverb prepositional reserved. doesnt an adverbs) is to noun by and adjective Manual distinguishable modifying prepositions The modify {he Usage arrived because University are ran of from adverbs aup modifying typically Style arrived). noun at they adjectives (e.g., a the large (sometimes Online ofairport from or are Chicago. pronoun the parts Some up not an bill} 5.146: noun or adjective attached adverbs of early} off) called {we {lets All start; phrasal Distinguished made but (the are to particles because cast the are anfirst a verbs. second off}. an or adjectives Page 1 o See from f 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec146.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.147 A part adverb form when {drive adverbs fast} may steadfastly). meaning working The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec147.html : Chicago simple Grammar linger of may used 2003 Simple because reserved. is slow} speech are from hard adverb work one with by in and always Manual and {hold that with The that equally the derived And {hardly} an Usage is flat University imperative ly the of I aam has on used of single has the adverbs well tight} wordse.g., flat Style an hardly {now} in become ly ly or their adverb word adverb. Online of form in {tell {deep}. even working. Chicago. an obsolete that adjective but steadfast may better, informal me 5.147: Compare qualifies A whose quick}. have flat All (although Simple especially form a adjective context and I or different Some am aand bare {work single flat it flat 9/30/2006 adverbs Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.148 A function while} be {notwithstanding} Compound sparingly The :aChicago phrasal Grammar single 2003 Phrasal reserved. {here together adverbs adverb because by and word Manual and The and Usage consists there}. but should University compound as {heretofore} they ofis an Style make adverb a be Acombination of adverbs compound used the Online of{thereupon}. two {in Chicago. cautiously tone or5.148: the more adverb stuffy. of meantime} All words several Phrasal appears and that {for words and to compound a adverbs Page 1 of http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec148.html 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.149 Like the positive reference {the The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec149.html : Chicago Grammar positive, adjectives choir 2003 Three reserved. adverb to by sang and degrees Manual any The the Usage (see simply merrily}. other University comparative, of5.85), Style expresses thing adverbs Online ofand {the Chicago. anurse the quality 5.149: have superlative. spoke All three Three without softly} degrees: degrees A Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.150 Most comparative Multisyllable more ineptly painfully quality things studied The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec150.html : Chicago Grammar one-syllable or 2003 Comparative reserved. {Bitey less than of more today}. by a and by Manual {the the specified industriously The adverbs worked taking Usage hero} University forms adverbs Shakespearean A of comparative longer the usually Style {the action that suffix than patient than Online of form or do Chicago. villain adverb Edith}. er condition Arachne} not the 5.150: {sooner} is end comparative walking compares fenced All in {Rachel Comparative shared lyless {harder}. more form the by with the two forms 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.151 Most superlative Multisyllable most could choices, compares shared all Rebecca adamantly}. sometimes {the The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec151.html : Chicago Grammar the one-syllable or pianist 2003 Superlative see reserved. by least cricketers} defended he the most at used by and by chose In Manual quality least played The adverbs {everyones taking acutely} a for Usage her loose University forms adverbs least three emphasis of {of most of dissertation the usually Style sense, {of wisely}. a the things skillfully}. that suffix eyesight specified all three rather Online of form the do Chicago. the {Sullie est A not doctoral the superlative the was superlative than 5.151: people action {soonest} end most superlative acute, bowled comparison All in Superlative making or candidates, ly but condition is {hardest}. adverb fastest form Iwith the forms of 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.152 A forms dictionary adverbs The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec152.html : Chicago few Grammar 2003 Irregular adverbs {badlyworseworst} reserved. forms by is and Manual The have the of Usage adverbs University best comparison. irregular of Style resource {littlelessleast}. Online of for comparative Chicago. 5.152: finding All and Irregular an superlative A good irregular adverbs 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

5.153 Many definitions, {eternally} {universally}. {then}, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec153.html 5 :Chicago Grammar adverbs Uncomparable position {never} Manual and are Most Usage uncomparable. absolute {on}, adverbs of {singly} adverbs Style number and indicating Online {uniquely} cannot Some, 5.153: bytime be their compared Uncomparable {now} adverbs 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.154 An quite ate The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec154.html :adverb Grammar quite Chicago 2003 Intensifiers {the reserved. can heartily}. by very and Manual The be Usage fashionably intensified University of Style Online dressed of Chicago. with words 5.154: actor} such All Intensifiers {everyone as very and Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.155 To as For immediately adverb {the applications completely we equipment The :nearly avoid near Grammar example, Chicago marathoners 2003 Placement reserved. with as miscues, lost was states by possible change and modifycompete the Manual in to The saved; all Usage as the compete word compete}. immediately that University the a affecting our of to marathoners sentences it we adverb almost Style the camping immediately, modifies lost Aor word misplaced Online of meaning should submitted nearly everything submitted? meaning. equipment Chicago. it submitted makes is 5.155: generally all what intended adverb the their For our was All Placing states their does Placement meaning example, camping lost. can be to that placed the modify. clear as the affecting meaning Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec155.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.156 If preposition, precede very partly bell The :the Grammar Chicago short} rings}. 2003 Modifying reserved. adverb over theby and word {the the Manual or The qualifies Usage words a property or flight University conjunction, of phrase other Style an took line} adjective, qualified than Online of{leave too it Chicago. verbs long} should 5.156: {our an only {your All adverb, immediately vacation Modifying when fence the a is was words other than verbs Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec156.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.157 If immediately gloomily perched exceptions seldom, seldom The :the Grammar Chicago 2003 Modifying reserved. adverb succeed precariously which when by are and follow Manual The qualifies homework may always, in Usage intransitive University precede climbing the of on Style verb was never, anthe a thin intransitive assigned} K2}. {the Online of verbs often, verb branch}. Chicago. students {mountaineers 5.157: {the generally, verb, Some All sighed owl Modifying itrarely, should intransitive and verbs Page 1 of http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec157.html 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.158 Adverbs such hear, word applies To whether condition sculptor touching describes The guilt. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec158.html :determine Grammar Chicago as with 2003 Adverbs and reserved. do be, to the feels as feel. rather the by not the and appear, descriptive not Manual whether The and clauses sculptor generally subject, badly Usage A done than University linking verb of seem, aStyle literally well. the of subject; verb as not word follow verbs become, this subject. unwell But the is Online ofthe describes kind a describes Chicago. linking the verb linking or look, For sculptor 5.158: connects descriptive perhaps {he the example, verbs smell, All seems verb, the Adverbs action feels experiencing a(see act taste, descriptive modest}. consider word the of or bad and 5.101) feeling linking 9/30/2006 orverbs Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.159 If adjectives single speaker} challenger}. and then remove} The 5.89. :aChicago Grammar expresses past use 2003 Adverbs reserved. adverb {very {too a participle by phrase and Manual If The with as tired deep much Usage the aas University past-participial modifier feeling distressed of to past is a Style continue} modifier used participle or {a Online of to emotion by very Chicago. describe {too {badly the 5.159: distinguished is densely failure}. or part beaten All something, strong Adverbs of packed the See force, with predicate usepast-participial to a adjectiv es Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec159.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.160 When for principal repudiated controversy} 5.104. must is a there had sometimes verb natural bravely phrase the end impair splitting split nuance up its an The always. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec160.html :unnatural verb no early Grammar the been split of Chicago an go with always 2003 Adverb rule {the when infinitive reserved. Some phrase. {to the or adverb quietly} sound. assert}. seriously (always verb it an infinitive the meaning: by this against heckler an boldly phrase sound, and adverbs best Manual within {public is adverb phrasing The intervening verb. qualifies is {the In See Usage view} perfectly {Are If or modifies to University between fact, go} doesnt then adverbial was damaged 5.106. for of verb administration may to the Recasting avoid get opinion alone. {the you {to can Style abruptly add it example, follow its adverb up phrase a the asking appropriate A word strongly suggest is splitting get result: verb reports in emphasis early verbs But Online of is modifiers typically an auxiliary the a up) the immediately bears Chicago. phrase, sharply expelled} if acceptable sentence its rhetorically?}. (always crash}. a is its has will principal infinitive favor}, moving 5.160: or different the the best not to consistently between preferable to best the verb soon divided}. infinitive All split emphasis just quite modifies {the And produce the to Adverb follows then way natural to and generate verb always or adverb meaning to bus an to the get leave the There to eliminate within See {you to infinitive a in avoid best). parts to can same up place form get put a to {to or early alter the as verb of them is Or 9/30/2006 a phrase the Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.161 An show flowers {speak {How Patricia to {fool The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec161.html :be adverbs Grammar Chicago time far 2003 Importance on me reserved. softly}, here} is found time twice, {well by and placement it Manual The {Where so to the Usage degree shame of meet we University the right of placement can did is again}, pub?}, on Style or get also you answer}, me}. extent good Online of get reason important place Chicago. that {sales seats}, consequence 5.161: oridea?}, {I source dont because are All and Importance very know number {put manner {I adverbs good} want how the of placement 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.162 A noun to object {between or before the clause, with}. that also which {this and with} The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec162.html :phrase preposition show Grammar preposition whom Chicago or (or frequently, 2003 Definition {Which is {I reserved. is its And noun the or me with the {there cant usually may by object, sentence a relationship and Manual equivalent) preposition moment alternative The is follow that tell Usage them}, can is aa but University word but understood) a of noun end {this [that] you instead. not banker Style but there or a to to between or used always, is on clause, isnt phrase an Ive whom another pronoun your which [whom] Online of are adjective, Usually with always Chicago. the been you them. exceptions. follows decision that especially my the I 5.162: word in pen should waiting decision must arelative follows links A the preposition that All in prepositions adverb, the based speak Definition objective apply}. the an For a Steve for}. pronouns the is relative object sentence pronoun on?} verb, example, based} object writes It comes case Page (a 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.163 Many preposition as, through, has more are around, inside, The without. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec163.html : Chicago Grammar at, two about, prepositions words 2003 Simple reserved. by, or before, onto, to, by more {into} above, and consists down, Manual and toward, The opposite, Usage syllables; below, compound University are for, {outside} across, ofup, of relatively Style from, beneath, aor throughout, single after, it with. {upon}. Online of in, may Chicago. between, straightforward. monosyllabic like, against, A5.163: be compound Some underneath, made of, All examples despite, up alongside, Simple off, preposition of word on, two until, and Asuch except, simple plus, or compound and as9/30/2006 since, Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.164 A as conjunction). concerning, to, other modifiers road Watergate, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec164.html :aChicago participial Grammar provided, preposition conditions, 2003 Participial participles, reserved. when by he and considering, Manual The preposition Examples regarding, had they Usage (or the University prepositions nothing these of have sometimes trip Style include during, respecting, words no isOnline went to subject ofquickly} a say}. participial as assuming, do Chicago. notwithstanding, a5.164: not See subordinating {Considering and create 5.84. {Regarding All barring, speaking. Participial form dangling that the owing Unlike functions prepositions 9/30/2006Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.165 A words according way addition regard of, respect symptoms styles. For connection The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec165.html : Chicago phrasal Grammar of, out example, 2003 Phrasal used reserved. to, contrary of, to. If to, of preposition to, by as in a with, and with Many officialese, Manual in simple if The prepositions a because respect Usage prepositional case about to, reference of prefer University of these preposition for of, consists of, to, will Style the the in bureaucratese, by in phrasal to, replace consideration simpler Online of means sake spite unit. of with Chicago. will two of, prepositions of, with 5.165: These regard expression. do or in by instead or in regard All more accordance include reason of, Phrasal to,in other context, separate of, and are to of, front verbose or prepositions on with with, use by in account of, it. in 9/30/2006 in Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.166 A and phrase mind also glade}, {the The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec166.html : Chicago prepositional Grammar any would called cathedrals 2003 Definition reserved. can words or by be an and an Manual The that used a adjective adverbial Usage phrase miracle}, of University modify as Paris}. of aconsists Style noun (also phrase) the an Online of {for adverb object. called Chicago. of {we James a(in 5.166: preposition, strolled an A adjectival prepositional to which All Definition change casehis through its itPage phrase) object, is the 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.167 A function modifies meanings The here?}. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec167.html : Chicago prepositional Grammar 2003 Placement reserved. should to {Is by and avoid Manual aThe person Usage phrase be University awkwardness, as Style of close with withblond an as Online ofambiguity, adverbial possible Chicago. hair 5.167: named to All or or Placement the adjectival Sandy unintended word Page it 19/30/2006 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.168 If of element budget subject phrase, in the has The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec168.html :the aChicago Grammar man arrived prepositional compound 2003 Refinements reserved. for man in and is the with by the singular and predicate with Manual two The construction, compound wedding two Usage daughters his University on phrase daughters of and placement two is Style have {the followed singular: daughters. equally has the been Online ofarrived date, have Chicago. phrase decided}. by modifies arrived the compare 5.168: a plural follows place, and All with Refinements all If the in prepositional and the theman predicate that the elements last inon placement 9/30/2006Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.169 sentences unnecessary famously with preposition carefully Those adhere. an The :ill-founded Grammar traditional Chicago which 2003 Ending are reserved. The said, with constructed the by I and may rule Manual aguidelines shall The sentence prepositions That superstition. Usage caveat pedantic sound University not prohibiting of is more to Style of put. with the restriction. avoid an to yesteryear natural is, type author which Online ofterminal a A preposition sentence a Chicago. for of final an than should 5.169: most arrant against author As preposition. that a prepositions All writers, Winston sentence adhere Ending pedantry should ending ends Churchill to a an in sentence up Compare with a was with a preposition P age 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec169.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.170 If phrase prepositions Recast prepositions: gives phrasal The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec170.html :aChicago Grammar phrasal 2003 Clashing in; reserved. {in the verbs, or by every sentence and Manual verb will in The rather prepositions see Usage every argument}, University {give clash 5.102. of when than argument, Style in} {he possible continue precedes the gives Online of he Chicago. back-to-back in to arguing, gives 5.170: a prepositional in avoid every All in. Clashing juxtaposed he For argument}. always more prepositions on 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.171 Sometimes independent starts statement prepositional any run The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec171.html : Chicago Grammar event, {in 2003 Elliptical reserved. a any clause ain without by and prepositional expression event, Manual The phrases a Usage and word, phrases University affecting call of can include in Style without usually me the phrase when the Online of last for an Chicago. be meaning. you is antecedent. example, analysis, detached 5.171: elliptical, arrive}. All Elliptical Elliptical for from and It instance, being in often the the phrases an long in 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.172 Some function feature word or When down sat (e.g., containing abroad the joins dont The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec172.html :up Grammar down}. prepositional conjunctive Chicago words such used the 2003 Functional can a like reserved. than last of clause as hill}. be as by that a Some an the other and summer Manual preposition above, used a The explicit preposition, containing color). Usage function When conjunctions but). but variation University parts as but (but of behind, in either used The in Style or I of is as is everyone like as conjunction implied an speech. used prepositions that below, an it Online of an may implied the adverb takes Chicago. adverb, to it serve separate but cut The by, mean 5.172: always an separate or joins Fuzzy but distinguishing down, as object it except) All may a prepositions not Functional has preposition. does action. ain, traveled also clause the action: an {lets not off, object. with color Compare {we variation on, slide I (but A 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.173 Like traditional governs themselves Juliet}. pronoun portrait in conjunction happened as; something, conjunctions, pronouns as The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec173.html :I ordinary Grammar and Chicago is do?}. 2003 Use reserved. probably nouns in As looks just in and by as the youre like and function a speech, to the Manual The misuse and star-crossed preposition, like as objective like connect Usage should nominative the and University noun looking Ilike of me}. of least-understood is said as Style phrases clauses. read like adjectival, if case Increasingly displaces it around lovers like are case as Online of would {the {teens if. followed Chicago. is For {Do like like followed person as happen, Because 5.173: not example, you preposition. often (but or youve Romeo adverbial, by work All as in Use loosely) like they nouns see by if and that in misplaced too and aare as it should noun or hard, old a misuse Its so today that or read of 9/30/2006 like like Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.174 Prepositions ratio words. prepositions The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec174.html : Chicago Grammar 2003 Avoiding to reserved. Five strive by and editorial Manual can in The overuse Usage for a easily University sentence. of isStyle methods one be preposition overused. Online of can Chicago. reduce 5.174: Stylistically, for All the Avoiding every number ten overuse ato of good fifteen 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.175 If can ingredient important focused The :the Grammar be Chicago 2003 Cutting reserved. surrounding eliminated. oningredient by in a and Manual particular The prepositional this Usage University prose For recipe of when Style example, recipe. permits, could it phrases Online of be appears Chicago. the a5.175: reduced prepositional most within All important Cutting to a passage the prepositional phrase most phrases Page 1 o f 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec175.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.176 A {performanceperform}. called require her to often toward that might The failed. :while noun Grammar performance Chicago our 2003 Cutting formed eliminates be reserved. ending nominalizations maximization additional she efforts edited by and Manual from performed The unnecessary in Usage of down ance, more toward University a words, the of verb of to than Style ence, These concerto the becomes maximization our {qualificationqualify} or prepositions especially concerto. one buried efforts Online ofsimply ity, nouns preposition. Chicago. is ment, are essentially 5.176: verbs, to prepositions. Using of to sometimes maximize sion, profits All maximize, Cutting the and For or equivalent verb they example, failed profits tion unnecessary During so form often is prepositions Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec176.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.177 A phrase. compared The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec177.html : Chicago strong Grammar 2003 Replacing reserved. For adverb with by and example, Manual The the Usage with can University cyclist of often adverbs the Style cyclist replace pedaled Online of Chicago. pedaled a5.177: furiously. weak with All prepositional Replacing fury is with weak adverbs 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.178 A especially the street The : Chicago possessive Grammar complexity 2003 Replacing reserved. maps by an and Manual may complexity The of-phrase. of Usage with replace University the ofpossessives street Style dismayed a prepositional For Online of Chicago. example, map essentially me. 5.178: See I was All phrase, 5.25. Replacing dismayed equals with The by possessives Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec178.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.179 Changing eliminates appears by the The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec179.html :an Grammar ship. Chicago 2003 Using experienced reserved. in from by a and active Manual prepositionthat by The passive Usage -phrase. University crew voice of voice Style equals ForOnline to of example, is, an active Chicago. experienced whenever 5.179: almost the All ship Using the always crew actor was active sailed sailed voice 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.180 A within December, in hello, independent but clause). coordinate considered these 5.185), 6.3234, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec180.html :May} conjunction Grammar surely} Chicago 2003 Definition are reserved. a but (and and clause The 6.3637, and nevertheless by no and adverbs and clauses); (but consequently Manual connects two The connects my one subordinate. Usage {my and son joins main University answered} 6.5859. also of daughter types will two {were classes Style sentences, two (see serve (see graduate independent adverbs (but Some 5.184), Online of graduated making ofChicago. as 5.186). connects conjunctions words conjunctions; clauses, from within 5.180: progress otherwise clauses); See from that high All two an also Definition or college are school slowly adverbial words are (see among 6.1920, {I said typically in and types 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.181 Coordinating of such clauses results coordinating correlative The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec181.html :equal Grammar Chicago as 2003 Coordinating reserved. two {Are are grammatical by and nouns, disappointing conjunction. Manual conjunctions you conjunction The Usage speaking University conjunctions two of rank, Style verbs, may join to but that Online of him be two not words Chicago. is, either or phrases, discouraging}. 5.181: independent to ora me?} groups All single Coordinating or {the two of elements word Awords orconjunctions a 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.182 Correlative successive complete structurally attempt record}; immediately only claim Some then, as, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec182.html : Chicago Grammar and read examples 2003 Correlative is eitheror, reserved. both not thought. in true, the by clauses and conjunctions other precede onlybut Manual identical to The book of then Usage win correlative neithernor, University conjunctions Correlative words, that but of the also. Style or also depend gold same second are each matching saw Online of used medal part conjunctions conjunctions member bothand, on claim Chicago. the in each of sentence and 5.182: movie} pairs, of speech must other to the wherethere, All set be are Correlative must {if often parts pair {they to false}. athe asas, form frame new should to {an not first join a if so conjunctions 9/30/2006Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.183 Copulative addition. is also, received jockeys race The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec183.html :related Grammar Chicago itself}. 2003 Copulative moreover, reserved. aThe postrace by (or to raise, and Manual The second the additive) Usage and conjunctions University first and party of no clause the Style less clause. was coordinating other states than no Online ofless Chicago. The was {one an 5.183: conjunctions promoted} exciting conjunctions additional associate All Copulative than {the fact include the denote conjunctions that and, 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.184 Adversative denote usually conjunctions message doctorate, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec184.html : Chicago Grammar 2003 Adversative reserved. contrasts qualifies is by sad yet and or Manual include The contrasting but shes Usage or University conjunctions the inspiring} of comparisons. but, still first Style still, coordinating not clause Online of {shes satisfied Chicago. The yet, inearned 5.184: second some and conjunctions All with nevertheless Adversative way. clause her herself}. The conjunctions {the 9/30/2006Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.185 Disjunctive separation joined conjunctions, either, {that wear The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec185.html : Chicago Grammar the 2003 Disjunctive bird reserved. by or, blue the by or is and or else, Manual The alternatives. conjunction both neither coat separative Usage University conjunctions but, mayStyle or of anor, the be heron coordinating may false. green Only neither, Online of beone}. nor Chicago. one true; The a5.185: crane} ofwith conjunctions otherwise, conjunctions the All Disjunctive {you statements some and can include denote other conjunctions 9/30/2006Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.186 Final inferences reason has expression. hence, so therefore The go}. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec186.html :that, Grammar been Chicago 2003 Final (or reserved. for so, or and illative) he by or the thus, and conjunctions ought The Manual so was The consequences. first Usage conjunctions then therefore, banished} University to of coordinating clauses be {he Style done had {its The as Online of in include betrayed statement, aview Chicago. second conjunctions consequence, time 5.186: of consequently, the to clause the All or leave, king; Final itas first denote gives shows so conjunctions aclauses for, result, lets awhat 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.187 A grammatical that until because would antecedent message The : Chicago subordinating Grammar is 2003 Subordinating you help}. reserved. dependent people if reach by and someone and rank. Manual AThe feed pure is Usage conjunction the University The on not calls}. of conjunctions highway} it} subordinating the conjunction a Style {Marcus pronoun main connects Online of {that clause Chicago. promised or introduces conjunction squirrel an 5.187: clauses {follow adverb All that Subordinating is of a this {take he has clause friendly unequal road no a conjunctions Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec187.html 9/30/2006

The 5.188 Subordinating conjunctions denote degree: adjectives, otherwise), as, magpie?} professionals} (2) and tire start rules} the Condition without, begin presented postpone first why, {since you} although because that, that so found be}. around Appositions: American received supervisor 5 loudly :Chicago and Time: while concerts Grammar went because, {Sir a (7) Special the remodeling class}. in a {the you new the than as it great {these and it} it order Manner: bison, a since, {while flat game or next John that following well wont was water office message explained or as, audience was Manual and (if assumption: once {Ill and, uses conjunctions resumption (4) for, restaurant if {its as week decided her that, he else, as amateur very was Usage it until, we the share garden as it we soon {once Reason became as or, {Is go since, idea}. that of follows waited, unless if once relationships: follows not were returned house} expensive} and if what subordinating otherwise, on what, Style aeverything as the to and musicians as we could he raven true was if, this or such hoarse}. where nearly turning everyone though, purchase (5) had or long agree you information, as were comparative it {your concession: and Online else, announced}. though, conjunctive as to business Purpose that be though gone less began have I as, {she an that extinct} rather, far the on laid didnt play the thesis although, (6) rather, understands the {we executive}. went wrong}. 5.188: (1) clever before, a as to auditorium unless, deserves {he {the corner} design, good or out} Place: as trip painting dug Comparison adverbs snow} as, I expect well} as (3) must result: swaggers {we phrases well can cant buffalo, Special other, than reason up {he (9) much after, if inasmuch and except, where discover}. {well we be credit the {the as the I sang one (8) or a after albeit help as, can that, often or to yard uses when, {I to or asof fly as, so far as, subordinating conjunct ions Page 1 of 2 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec188.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights Indirect not also The say Chicago 6.36. 2003 reserved. whether questions: by Manual The weUniversity were of whether, Style going Online of why, the Chicago. and right 5.188: when way}. All Special {heSee could uses of subordinating conjunct ions Page 2 of 2 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec188.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.189 In serves adverbs. conjunctions conjunction me suitcase). job an met?} met). adverbs when, direct how, were that The :antecedent addition the Grammar as Chicago when, supposed conclusion}. 2003 Relative (where Some and reserved. a suitcase an and as may are conjunctive In adverbial where. by conjunctions A common indirect where, and to fact, be has after, Manual when relative has The {Do to pronouns its treated Usage an that the Interrogative leave} University relative they you examples and pronoun antecedent as, of conjunction, questions; function. is antecedent adverbial recall what Style as join before, and upstairs} {I adont function, pronouns of {Barbara interrogative special sentences. Online of the in conjunctive So until, adverbs the Chicago. conjunction place the but place see do (that most 5.189: and class asked aas, interrogative main the how and relative A where are interrogative refers common All relative conjunction you of clause also relative now, when Relative used does subordinating we reached to modifies since, are we pronoun first to {bring the ask why, pronouns same has so, and interrogative ad verbs ... Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec189.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.190 meaning with For easy revised had sentences the find shows first, The : Chicago Grammar word example, to easy -clause jobs the 2003 With the reserved. scrub and and. as with jobs; connecting with joined relationship by since then and Manual used This appears the The is me I Usage recast sometimes sentence everyone oven. by had University loosely construction being of ato word, semicolon: Style Or between the bephrase, left scrub as everyone else it used tacked sentence. Online of a to could the conjunction is grabbed the Chicago. as scrub Everyone slovenly on oven. or a punctuation else be final 5.190: quasi-conjunction as the split the an grabbed Instead All thought oven else With because afterthought. easy into could grabbed the jobs, of two that and used the with, be the I best loosely as a conjunction Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec190.html 9/30/2006

The 5.191 There grammatical fact, percent) conjunctions. most practice. groundless sentence language incorrect textbook teachers pupils whether read conjunction of question if wrong this table. the implied intending behind. passage sum sentence, with 5 and :Chicago the a situation superstition two up, Grammar conservative any sentence. morning. what Beginning is a word. many by can Between substantial those actions is Because as then, aprecedes. with is supports of English and Charles inculcating to but widespread notion be something originally foundationthat false the English can Consider Manual and begin see have It as a who substituted, But but only Evaluate those awhether conjunction sentences preposition, equally occasionally are and Usage has it about themselves.7 sentence grammarians Allen that beliefs it, teach he lunch is one if of percentage stands go in would For been this left sentences like a beliefone but it. stated, the Style it with the out no perfectly Lloyds groundless such the there, that the in so is about apparently One example: his way this: have idea with even prepositional of then it such but contrasting Online first-rate for incorrect perhaps a be needed matter, have their cannot lunchbox contradictory. but (often monstrous Still, is but made it aproper 1938 today: the unclear but He with as centuries, or an is introduces followed notion He went he 5.191: and, use way word is sense error words the and. about help elliptical not but no as but went left Next to almost on writing of at force to way historical but, many most ending, doctrine the is end that wondering as the in Beginning fairly our half handicap the to school, his and this As really to often to an What the right truly begin or as an widespread of certainly school kitchen it in beginning lunch open begin even the of adversative idea, so. 10 English no the sum the ever is an our and; word. contrasts or their a In the but with up case since sentence the inof with a conjunctio To n Page 1 of 2 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec191.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights effective idea 7. Our The Charles Mother Chicago contrary 2003 reserved. way by Allen Tongue Manual TheLloyd, of to introducing the University (New ofone Style York: We preceding Who Online ofSpeak a Thomas paragraph Chicago. it. 5.191: Y. English: Crowell, All that Beginning develops And 1938), Our a sentence Ignorance an 19. with of a conjunctio n Page 2 of 2 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec191.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.192 An that say!}. in understand how next!}. itself ankle words when best} offsetting Compare him with The idea. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec192.html :a interjection Grammar am with Chicago denotes sentence; they I 2003 Definition is such {why, reserved. An I {Oh! have It the going sprained!} I interjection are by why is as the didnt and Ive I different no Manual strong The frequently well meaningless would it you to interjections idea Usage or lost University is fix know exclamation put and of feeling {Get never why used the my meanings Style has up why him you allowed wallet!} out!} absolutely with damage?} utterances do little may well {Never are Online ofof that}. (see is the {Whoa!}. also Chicago. and here to a5.192: or {Ouch! 6.29) Well, again!} situation} {Hey, word, stand act The Why, no I {really, {well, and grammatical Introductory as punctuation distinguishes All its I here Why? phrase, as didnt Definition {You think interjections IaI {Oh my tried you sentence dont cant have turn my know ormy no, are! function clause no Page them. by9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.193 Interjections shipped, used a {because presented, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec193.html : Chicago range Grammar in 2003 Usage reserved. poetry of oh, our by emotions, our and Manual in business The are and budget Usage eight University natural dialogue. of from to ten case will Style in humor was, not Online ofbe speech days} They Chicago. to ahem, may increased and disappointment 5.193: {your also poorly are All order Usage frequently imply thisPage should irony year}. 1 of be 9/30/2006 or 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.194 Because independent speech classified force exclamatory Good! (adverb); The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec194.html : Chicago Grammar 2003 Functional of (adjective); reserved. may interjections an Dear by be as and of interjection adjective, Manual The used some the me! Usage variation University rest as other Idiot! (pronoun); of are interjections. Style and of part is usually (noun); the so called Online of of forth. If sentence, Chicago. speech only! grammatically Help! anSome 5.194: Aexclamatory word (conjunction). but (verb); All most examples Functional that used parts Indeed! is with noun, are of variation the 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.195 Some interjections ouch, other as The :here, Grammar Chicago interjections 2003 Words whew, parts reserved. and by and that ugh, of Manual therefore The speech Usage are psst, University are of exclusively (except Style usedoops and functioning only Online of when Chicago. are as5.195: referred as such. not nouns). used All Words to asas such any that words, as exclusively interjectio are ns Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec195.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.196 An no!} Ive only new The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec196.html :exclamation Grammar books!}. Chicago or forgotten when 2003 Punctuating reserved. the aby and point natural Manual The mark the Usage University interjections where assignment!}. of usually pause Style the occurs follows strong Online of Chicago. A 5.196: {Oh feeling comma an yes!} interjection All follows Punctuating ends my {Oh, {Oh oh no, {Oh interjections 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.197 to {What!}, lowercase ask?} describe stylized typically appears The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec197.html :express Grammar interjection Chicago 2003 Oh {The reserved. in wonder it!}. direct if followed unpunctuated by and an scenery poetry. and Manual it The emotion O The Usage {Strange!}, doesnt address, oh University by is vocative See of takes such a so Style {O 7.47. start comma beautiful, is the Jerusalem!}. as or O, always Online of place pain the {Oh, aversion a Chicago. form sentence, {Ow!}, why capitalized 5.197: ofof but, other did It {Ugh!}. All oh, classically surprise most Oh Iand interjections have I cant often and Itto it is Page O 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.198 wrestle concern speakers. important correlation irresistible sound users cited, and The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec198.html : Chicago Grammar great infer 2003 Grammar will of reserved. are with usage: language. mass It one, versus by inevitably relatively and something Manual dont is law The versus of the that Usage an of imply, University linguistic really collective arbitrary Some of corollary language usage else. be new. Style confusions, are confounded concern Others, And much Online of issues fact, that habits means Chicago. it older. grammar two but seems such 5.198: that one by such of words ultimately otherwise aas thing as All writers to at languages Grammar lay be so the allthey and an similar versus one and literate anjust versus editors native lie inusage 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.199 In distinctions; the something person. and Written The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec199.html :any Grammar words write Chicago 2003 Standard reserved. age, Wewhat English. someone about by know and careful Manual The careless Written is Usage the whether University uses commonly of users education Style English users and people of the referred Online of language will and way speak Chicago. blur background they 5.199: to educated will them. as go All Standard make together, We of English canWritten that tell, 9/30/2006 by English Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.200 Of dialect, good when as dialect speakers The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec200.html :it course, Grammar Chicago example. he 2003 Dialect does reserved. said: in and voice by some in dialogue. and Manual they The He Liberty speeches. Usage writers in had University use dialect. of power They it Style dont and to And may as speakers good Online of work fiction a speaker even Chicago. effect. near decide 5.200: prefer writers as of All Will good to Dialect dialect, to often put Rogers use in the practice Page use as is1aof 9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.201 In Standard language usage satisfy guide unimpeachable traditional prose within The today. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec201.html :the Grammar Chicago 2003 Focus change, that intended reserved. short the all Written stands by steers mainstream and on professional view Manual space The however uses tradition for Usage stillbecause English of University writers ausage. of general this slowlyno languagehence of Style can editors. literate and chapter, For Online of be audience, the editors the Chicago. covered. guide standards What language writer 5.201: only it could toward is the takes All the Because intended or Focus goal as of ever basics the editor agood it fairly is on notradition stands here to ofstay most is9/30/2006 a Page 1 of 1

5.202 Although Collegiate presence that merely language; collecting as mean generally a on any should high reasonable focuses not and a; beginning dream}. vowel The but takes society}. sounded article, word) the program}. 5dictionary. :Chicago the meaning, writers an. judgment on number intended uses. word since other Grammar the regardless; standards. Good sound an beginning describes thorny and make Use on Use out this of word historical a while despite disclaim necessary with the Likewise, {an See usage Dictionary evidence on. and of demands how the {an aas in reasonable an {an individually) Manual and in book word is points The slipshod h HTML 5.73. one That editors, the indefinite a before hourlong an consulting The an officer} in with Usage versus in how restauranteur consonant occasional standards acronym recommends in any terms exhaustive these document of all of is to following and an speakers of the (see the its good any Style intent what why, consult expressions. demandsnot initialism common respects English whereas its talk are {an words same dictionarys senses, article word may (which bibliog. any usage sound others in of variations describing Online usage commonly honorary at Merriam-Websters of to glossary list be letter usage dictionary. may the a good beginning is usageapart common a fit English guide usage as {a paired is imply; a pronounced, historical (whose notes, do. mean publishing set of 5.202: 3.1), usage Even it before utopian pronounced for is misused the degree}. pages writers So guide usage outlandishly sets stands cause a restaurateur, with paired print. use irregardless so, with letters HUD one lexicographers infer make terms Good The any from out does the in can good missteps, one must world, today. and a it mere and demands word as with usage The is addition the excuse definitions are not usage is a use editors recorded dictionary it It versus mean may care is to common usage Page 1 of 45 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html 9/30/2006

The Chicago ability; persons something certain capability}. ability fuel refers learn abjure; oath murder} abandonment adjure under urge all about; use the {approximately differences word guess abstruse. accord; agreement meaning}; conformity accuse; with (which Jack charged actual simply addicted; something, something. addiction, physically habit-forming, adduce; reason, capability quality the sciences, tank}. {the earnestly with modern a of {an oath or more to is approximately. misdeed. suggests fact, omit. way to adjure. or members adverb accordance. charge. eating with deduce; offer capability; physical estimate. {the a astounding defendant to another See the dependent. hold to {I but Still, we dependent generally {a Used persons of were {we industry Manual Capacity require {the theft. in. declare adjure however, obtuse. second say as ability to being jet a {the about thirty her psychologically that or To to are A Accused official induce. figuratively, place identified}. Redundant. a or play word book person to that with contain abjure approve chocolate proof, of abjured executive The in they capacity. mental able physical capacity someone you instead word standards}. One avoid on to refers ones When coding-sequence Style to soccer {abjure approximately of accord was victims long-distance-flight first is medications, To power to action). is must ride to is approximation, means or something idiomatically printed less the adduce skill the permanent keep accused Try physically Online use especially to of bar cite professionally} or for committee Avoid word on routinely Ability a or capacity the plan}. dependent harsh of deny charge do approximately. formal actually bicycle}. or mental this the with or ability mathematics}. Compare diseases is as realm}. something means in 5.202: be coupling of power {a or is treatys connotations some to an secret} accordance Maynard refers used of or than addicted to highcapacity power renounce adjured preferred take. give example possible, such instead, on {she charged Jill of Good to Capability a To are in charged vessels either them as achieve to or as was has a In accused usage if to a {as aof under to or versus common usage Page 2 of 45 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html 9/30/2006

The evidence steady reason conclusions, general the principle of adequate; suitability {an amount {sufficient Enough adherence; term to an adjure. admission; suggesting granted a physical adverse; opposed things nations} course}. and affect; directions}. influence, affected specialized mood. noun, attempted also produce change affirmative, slightly result punctuate first-rate studying their the inspection induce butler adequate mass refers Chicago is be Consult means volunteer from of modifies transportation (not in bases figurative, See upon effect. a of social nouns {no averse. or {an Averse the {the pompous based sufficient; material explanations verb campus part yes are did adhesion. admittance. particularly to have reliability, general ravens, of water} abjure. unfortunate people) meaning an Manual or explanation}. entry university}. admittance adverse election}. in {from sticker people your goal and opposite it}. something {enough meaning because to on habits}. both means Affect, an outcome, the; work Adverse politics}. ways no. draw specific (always {sufficient {the effect dictionary.) had of principles these To the {adverse in count With wind {averse in as enough. code to feeling of The Style induce oil}. Admission psychology: had to been people processes. a researchers second student beyond almost (The the she a in your means result saying specific clues, a Admittance and blew on ordinary nurses Sufficient with nouns requires no make observations a few rights to negative. Online adduced relations to noun is Adequate particular windshield. typically {the effect}. are to information}. literal. this either the negatively always effect a{the exceptions, won asking Effect, happen, yes one to {enough is specific mass affect unsure aide}. To conclusion and ship adverse an way 5.202: form induced the figurative, admission point}. and her deduces is deduce refers strongly emotion candidates a These refers noun) privileges between for But is Your adhesion purely refers off verb, usually major no. four a {after circumstance people} has how Deduce about this: Good general publicity it ato the are They is that adherence a years from few to means or may to usage to years an first a he theto of of versus common usage Page 3 of 45 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html 9/30/2006

The said without afflict. affront. after this present audition, she See afterward, later; afterward(s), aged years, aggravate. (something aggravated annoy alibi. traditional elsewhere houses} exceptions nonpossessive precedes players}. all allude; something often betterthat quotation. hunters}. imagination allusion; mention in scholarly alongside. documented}. not a already; direct lot. this .(four) 5.108. (of). ready. right. together. be Chicago yes phrasing having . or loosely four Avoid followed Two aall participle): . {all elude; or story (without See the irritate. a or capital); she ; when Delete indirectly To reference. article adv.; Traditionally, bad) crime}. occur possessive See Two To suggestion This words, or, years sense is, might formal Manual inflict. effrontery. (plus second this my illude ready. .illude. see pronoun See used elude is aby already. words. .an having children}. where term, redundant. afterword, {aggravate crime the when quotation . toward. old. old, as is altogether. illude have not past If where mention of. of she to means is (quite allusion The change a the of {allude An the all {all noun Avoid there of meaning one. Style after passed Redundant. or synonym was To to been said participle). whenever allusion first refer you}. something an four aggravate sense defense of allude avoid committed. The of {all rare) {the marks Try after n. an alright. is meticulously Online no passing precedes to the epilogue. us} at refers The years injury} for only or a (ditto). instead is of a capture Kafka}. references possible direct is about having audition, Write of and problem}. quote the first to excuse. North {the 5.202: means common to an Though the of having to aindirect when side {an bother, refer deceive yes, after aged age. would mention {elude cockroach A time passed audition, means On Carolinas to {all reference Good The it in of, common, she. been It and four to {the (plus intensify be this is the {your usage the use or should .movie .is casual . versus common usage Page 4 of 45 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html 9/30/2006

Therelationships has preparation alright. altar, used alternate, alternate {her implies prefer altogether; entirely together all ambiguous; than question contradictory {Bjay value was amend; to means printing, had corresponding amiable; refers to amid. among. amount; decrease count an. and. usefully moreover, furthermore. and/or. and needed drink}, warm abolish already together ambivalent}. change reached See or Chicago for alternate one Popular drink expressed of to See nouns n.; the emend. to See or {take (1) a number. a. This try See sacramental refers reasonable is vitamin amicable. in begins route} choice correct the people between. additionally, with alter, adj. second {that ambivalent. at-large between. or started}; {Are substituting all ambiguous}. print the {a or Manual all at belief See Janus-faced a ideas The add author to both}, chaired growing no sleeping . &. together. to Thanksgiving}. an Amount amount sentences, the right. or between story G} amend emend {an 5.191. vb. n.; alternative}. first to (text, in loss ato ambivalent Both . of (2) meaning or {Nancys council actors purposes. unity emended the amiable amicable or the An alternative, {the Style Language mixed is of number the in taking Views is mean in pill both think altar for two etc.) first}. term second Altogether altogether amendment; emendation. used pollution}, meaning. meeting}. of the city contrary, typically addition, all is districts}. Online another or feelings reaction several friendly, waiter} and/or {take time that opinion divorce}. can of is To turns ambiguous general with ready?}. more that amended {for refers The dissidents}. other a5.202: alter often adj. or express Where a table mass a {we with Alternative things means false}. has typos noun the and this outperforming further, sleeping place are about to number warm term, possibilities to is & its The be took more {the the second one but amicable nouns it or n. another ambivalent conjunction Good peoples to wholly that replaced {I {we the charter second seems similar Alternate All news meaning amiable with change. the and pill {a usage were or or by object versus a common usage Page 5 of 45 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html 9/30/2006

The {take nonliterary or economy anticipate. expect. advance, anxious. sense anyone; two-word any, {Do dont any anywhere; indefinite But mean appertain. anyplace. appraise; something To apprised appreciate. to (something). constructions; would letting apprise. know. approve; a consent. active approve {the budget}. of approximately. apt; for apt probability positive .Chicago sit apprise increase her you place. any general to .let referring any finance likely. adrop is know .(of). down support. sisters sleeping should Strictly, any recognize place me or Avoid worried, phrase of See endorse. Endorse Approve any location apprise. {the me pronoun any location See is know attitude contexts both Avoid forestall. one. and any Three in tendencies the {because Manual Sense know, appraise. committee Both place. (two to Approve afootball}. it to one anywhere. pertain. jeweler value; instead See any rest}. developments}. or, new pill and writer The inform implies of this it as a any senses: Approve mean distressed. {anyone words) To 3 use about. of one single {my {they more rather suggests hairstyle}. where means a one-word The often he with one those appraise (3) alone Style word synonym Avoid appraised of I approved fit, or resort is keys or didnt first would simply, both of is couldnt (1) to I implies habits it elegance to would a person notify results than Likely as stories}. would connotes Online warm more those could narrower the be favor suitable, unambiguously anyone to a to a foresee, for is appreciate study, grateful action positive the loose know one-word the understand please {the drink}.8 and/or. emphatic or preferred to someone appreciate positive expresses eager. boys?} be find in {she 5.202: must proposed is thing put necklace}. official that}. anywhere}. when verbose quarterback its synonym apart take a any let approved but give a for attitude The singular {I {keep your Good Only form in you value thought likely means for place fully; me apt care The it from way standard a sanction for usage in of group an me if is on to of and is that (2) you or used in versus common usage Page 6 of 45 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html 9/30/2006

innocence}. hell traditional and area. probably. area the phrasing is, concerned concerned, welcome. quotation something quality is world, Instead requested assault; meaning. refers fear or another battery assemblage; collection of assent; connotes allowance. antecedent as often assumption; drawn {your public evidence; support The far is. of per. repugnant people such. such, editors sciences, using basis Chicago of physical do Often important. yet. loosely from assumption as. In has to records}. partnering {purchased This of person. does. consent. a poorly that battery. But enthusiasm; This has as reference marks without is or a organized if decision Almost its See long as of for evidence; as object a threat assembly. presumption. Manual far goes. verbose. phrase, (less in intentional a uncontradicted, nearly however, uses per violence, people pronominal used aAssault as such limited on welcome and been traditional synonym as The can A always guarantees yet. your These the to skills. Compare as good) that as presumption {the of without to refers for {satellite meaningless though considered or meanings consent typically, be its far An a Style exam}. its an is}. request, market}. with are causes and doesnt things. a synonym tested legal of wordy. per physical assemblage phrase An use as acquisition, purpose. Try more as to probable, the popularly common battery assumption Online in as or The your connotes a Although as far the are presumption deleting someone TV by implies presumption literal Avoid place completing representations nonstandard. write involve An always The for it alooking filler phrase as acceptance request. contact similar, is synonym in law, assembly is 5.202: change, refers is phrase therefore. change a many of the as given mere a likely as to an requires luxury is a word, the meaning on assault touching; hypothesis as you basis nonstandard is commercial reasonably with informal not at of Good writers of verb an to but is may area forthat its the is is of the is as as a and, now aan assent in usage is framed of same violent in the of. group Inin common usage Page 7 versus of 45 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html 9/30/2006

The are should annually, bill} {Based assure. begin question she Otherwise, as so even standing). least at and avenge, just grudges corresponding the resentment humiliating game}. {they averse. avocation; collecting ones a awhile; {lets noun {she graduate backward(s). illegitimate force their sense, adjective, based nun}. to. yet; far, the traditionally Chicago didnt turgid simple infliction nowadays exaction phrase worked or aon suggestive didnt profession calling on. (base position on not This present time Revenge stop adjectival sentence as or vb.; were See a prepositional of studies}. a based this while. This have know use of some substitutes Of when {the vocation. is as John Manual ensure. two-word or that; loss adverse. here that for being revenge, privately want See uses. yet. (a the for noun my {she in information, with about time; of is phrase on adverbial on where other instead. team a LeCarr that word of in weekend or, The awhile}. follows toward. a considered two-word at harm much justicethey while a military force the of Stilted is had It sophisticated regard bureaucratese. wrong last transitive preposition or at the is An especially one-word Style could they equivalent. of vb. vengeance. has may ninety-one-day force for avenged}. on more a novel). some this determined avocation before (based perfectly time years avocation}. true the force &precedent) {historically, another The two unimpeachably to came and now, versions, we Online begin n. commonly slipshod. (as other time; preposition {as when. vocation version two-word legitimate decided redundant. Avenge wanted beginning verb, being {rates Two from}. today, championship in a is The Revenge thriller with to out is dangling 5.202: preposition. at good to a uses, best Use those at a A religious as read Treasury present. connotes of revenge revenge}. is or, Based are to on currently, noun hobby vocation and version literary present the have in used family connotes anger adverbial for and however, stay}. Good the Use in as adjusted checks, became they participle) plain on {stamp or two verbal a only yet, its usage These a or sense, is passive pastparticipial isa in based or toversus common usage Page 8 still, of 45 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html 9/30/2006

Theexplicit Try {with basis. means possible, personal on bases battery. behalf. benefit patient}. representative like between; relationships indicates among as objects understood members with plurals amidst bi; every half these be biannual; semiannual bloom two legislature write writing billion; countries. 1,000,000,000. Canada, more call million quintillion American the a being other semi. years Chicago ___ daily to mass than a this foundation. are thieves}. prefixes biannually}. semiannual basis Much and two (semiweekly trillion). In of express if of once and million basis basis) See among; perfectly trillion. definitions constructions substitute complicated}. On undefined nouns Generally, semiannual; that information, basis). behalf multiple from the count amongst. weeks), both or In overworked, {the about meets Germany, (1,000,000,000,000,000,000). Manual of assault. behalf every {between every the or of European are In (a or heartfelt amid. Between the {amid mean millions, decision nouns (instead some of the biennially}. United Great million Further, simply {on appropriate means often But two The of ninety-one-day It of or one-to-one context while adverbs means bi twice other a are Between talk meaning. biennial. Style often similar plural means behalf you collective {among biennial years meanings billion {rates we this has Union}. means Britain, twice confounded, States, gaining state is thanks}. semi of millions, what decided in and of year in long {trade a Online word appears (personally, in acting biannual), (instead is of indicates war}, the two year Great are construction. the me}. for relationships means To is Americans the behalf Amid a Biannual means vary bases Mr. been {the a some acceptance, most relationships children}. week). avoid a adjusted Treasury to interest more between billion 5.202: time Among among (biweekly {these thousand or Britain as Scott, is writers in stay}. recognized once state of parts properly {the of what the agent one-toone than used confusion, and different (daily, and biennial). would The not the with Because Good roses is annually bill} phrase legislative or I every consider of Americans a When two are Avoid should times but on or would means trillion for call usage {honor a the not aversus is a common usage Page 9 of 45 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html 9/30/2006

Thereason writers distinctions. born; ruler} {the past many children}. {foodborne} breach, violation breach {breach lower buttocks bring; error action home {take to but. usefully one by reason certainty better statement {if reservation}. can; mental head} colloquial permission usage suggests tomorrow} car}. formally credit the capability. the means suffices. you computer Chicago child participle heavy the Popular could. may. borne. or out {the is A or is take. directed? mechanic. than of for ability card} need n. the send denial back {a common. bacon}. begins of. not possibility with in of to the of. is insanity}. {I {Could Can or was loads} It & a dog English, {Can {vectorborne}. castle breech however. Can See Manual to Born the vb.; something break, The belief Often part can sense a recommended permission or tonight}. is part trash}. Use See most may born deposit, {she can of remember of contrasting means I with ability. fixed also distinction The If be you 9.10. is {she breech, because of 5.133. go permission not bear walls}. birth}. verbose. traditionally leap of into break its to there can used simple See an stop to {the cannot used something, You to uncertainty {you Style passive-voice has {a the See {this established we do over also the {you the poverty}. toward away 5.191. in only n. breach open, take or be in at class borne as A contrary, could calculations may 5.133, question sentences, Use movies?}, formal or Online historical A breech because able five the a expresses may is donkey a from as breach (not six-foot not cant suffix or you, by may properly three of especially seem cleaners hold applies borrow an to minutes}. or 5.136. Borne break you, or writing. borrow 5.202: contract}. refers bring) phrase have adjective verb has is use this of a {you is obvious, with and your but in typically conditional a geographic Where use unless in fence}. my is borne through bring to request a phrased to the conjunction expresses today?} this my cant Good gap to your if {by her pop the take Could physical May be sciences the is either {a in To but {bring by quiz usage born car In use the for born or is the or versus common usage Page 10 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Therevolve capacity. capital; (usually capitol legislature carat; today}. gemstone; remember mark career; meaning duties side verbs writers caret. case. example, usually; justifiably judicial refers censer; be container censor subject electronic censor, cut {soldiers To officially censured countries the center government.}. have or certainty; something, conviction) you certitudethe chair; inserted. elusive. censure out United are Chicago on while apologists, This karat; have definition See to is around. chairman; is a careen. to recognize censor, matter. vb.; objectionable sure capitol. a in opinion) the See karat manuscript an of a the city) a moving), carat. word detector. letters is reprimand States around. certitude. you opened go been case every used A person and Manual building difference, instance burning censure, president about, ability. caret. censer to government latter full Although display measures The is n.; A certitude {Austin assumed means in criticize stylists chairwoman; Aof denotes case and sensor the its often who are capital word speed law sensor. however, Carat indicating even incense {the is distinction. in of vb. materialthat press If Style new if; means suppresses often for both (in either this a which the think careers by medicine a is censors you though high To House tend (cocksureness). trait session measures may sign in disease strongly the is the careen which The a often certainty Online purity always. or censor censored illogical are is chairperson. most mechanical of be speed. a invasion} to capital where correct the of a reserved seat legislature nothing person the absolutely 24K. career about a (in objectionable censures use certainty in (to verbal cases or Representatives 5.202: the of case container is is, or The press. of the matter Still, which disorder). in either (firm gold. Caret to disapprove, phrasing of weight over. tip spellings who to government as in means word is or wartime}. {In for capitol inflation. review That Chair Good Texas}. suppress the to that a the carries In sure but meets To is careful some center people. verb Its is lawsuit itself. of one fact usage aabout to word does not is and aor can Aa {the on For versus or A to common usage Page 11 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Thealso widely Since referred charge. childish; connote childlike immaturity circumstances. ranting}. the much cite, which Encyclopaedia location citizen; near citizen Germany}. sovereign class. {the type of classic; instrument}. authoritative Bergmans traditional is earliest-characterized {classical Creutzfeldt-Jakob cleave. and meanings: (2) clothes (1) cleaved, clench; clenched figurative final climactic; aChicago thing circumstances that to cleave, more synonyms collective class {an the n.; refers putt}. regarded This cling See innocence, owes used This cleaving clinch. to {building subject. oboe {a classical. difference cleaved. his mid-seventeenth childlike. smile}. common. site. Asubject {a classic (1) and of Greek} EEC uses climatic. an accuse. word drum classics cleft Manual to allegiance subject in verb together hand Britannica}. that woodwind is to office unreasonableness Both {The syndrome} as As a function the Clench {she denotes a is cut to Childish are source In films}. {a disease}. was (or into the mildness, a site} should owes type of in one Classic Naked sciences is his Childlike noun, a of classical apart clinched Climactic of acceptable, originally {standing clove), Style best the governmental instruments}, of form reflected connotes a to allegiance the of kind body}. authority. {Web of a {classical fist}. century, be Night Classical literature, is circumstances cite A a category woodwind} {to gender-neutral information the queen}. means {classical Online and site distinguished. nation of to pejorative; site}. cloven, the composer}. cleave The is {childish people percussion is refer in a Clinch freshness two in used but is important, physical victory the chair colloquial to one the conjugations 5.202: See sense, whose or applies sporadic its aadjective never or different under an music, to meat}, and positively place {a group of physics} rain, generally 5.204. {a one opposite has and individual the it sovereignty citizen Classical (2) with Good choice. {a cite these one action is A kind to connotes under or of bestand his for cleave, now the words, her usage to things are are such has to citation, of {he orversus common usage Page 12 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

The corresponding scene, to New clinch. close cohabit; proximity. Cohabitate, best collegial; collegiate commendable; worthy dedication praise common; or having reciprocal other common a commonweal; the compare. state. similarities compare compelled; things. something, was decision impelled but voter by compendious; ticket}. as concise, many extremely complacent; complacent lifewith unprepared third climate more the many Mexico}. public compelled you Chicago avoided. volumes, proximity. {mutual disliked the cause a is income-tax See mutual. people person to are apparently cohabitate. common To to commendatory better abridged. the projector {the collegiate. answers to or welfare. impelled. you lengthy. is for clench. a commonwealth. compare turn do convinced complaisant; Manual commendatory. is and voluminous. back-formation helping directly obligations}. by to suggestion {born who have something, some most future climatic commendable What ancestor}. climax Redundant. than differences note the over be issue to is believe. of AVoluminous, with no candidates commonly content broke}. Cohabit is into If unanimous college. mutual a commonwealth primarily the that trouble. Style Collegial {commendatory exchanged choice {during common friend you to conditions is These compliant. that poor}. different The tapes}. you What it vote Write {commendable Strictly, to are Compendious with Online Climatic is from friend between means commonweal in still must one is of discern Supreme but are To the is similarities compelled a answers What by the literally oneself either cohabitation, shared two If straight may be done mutual is be was not vast 5.202: movies of traditional families and in may To plaque}. things. matter you complaisant corresponds expresses friend others. a done be northern reference both Court impelled synonyms, be for toward nation not means close to by is are and smug is to or Good {the party occupying climactic colleague; a two {Nixon like but in To between do ones and each or usage verb. is to it, is in versus common usage Page 13 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Thegeometry compliment; flattering skill}. brings also complement comprise; complete. is comprises to compose though use concept; abstract of word thought, condole, but sympathy condolence the consoled corresponding were confidant; companion, in. alternative reference gender having congruous; harmony, in size numbers given connive; deliberately connives be to form forming its composed not victims funeral}. Confidante, Chicago verbs: as little and easygoing amenable modulus. to be increasingly spellings. negative A{the the a identical. faith, whose conception. thought, or vb.; to their in shape conspire. complement perfection compose. made the high-sounding to or to is an {they confidante; someone congruent. complement. substance whole}. program. {community consolation}. spelling agreement. to Manual of families}. a avoids praising the to parts}. abstract console, To noun difference parents to compliment up humiliated female being describe and and or a form, supplement expressed console orders antique of, but feminine Confident Use consisting To is (male in A of eager The common, noticing is {the Both of certain. person to To of conception condole consolation confidant). Both incongruous. arithmetic connived Style remark these thought. vb. leaders confident. Ais something phrase equivalent confidant The figures include compose something or to compliment lace silver}. is words coach}. These their form, terms adequately corresponding to female) is first evenly who Online please. to with something {a of. with asecretly tablecloth comprised poor condoled comfort the at praise, may that regimen. compliment also Avoid are condolences is mean to that care. {the The {their Confidant (used It is the of is adjective The divisible 5.202: to {the usage. refer you a describe To is closely reflects seen are means idea, to fading in childs completes words or whole using {the second objectionable be a while To make with confide only parts of, express kind identical allows was to noun most Good compliant comprise Instead, on the design, players is are up, an either related, at in meaning two by ausage to words French is your is a often aused or orinversus act close is common usage Page 14 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

The Chicago misbehavior}. with conspires connote; reunion}. language) especially parenting (again literal point zero uses smile consent. consequent; happens subsequent necessarily consider. discuss considered Otherwise, consist. consist components computer-system refers terms the console. conspire. But communication contagious; transmission; contact, person Infectious invasion regardless disease infectious but contemporary; second CPU, righteous contact not another degrees {all may {moral in denotes to or meaning after for in. may contagious}. denote. There the See vb. direct by {he is reference not Add the See animal an does event. as omit that refers of and subsequent. a The is infectious. and or Manual to Celsius}. assent. monitor, government condole. If But conspired emotive joy denote the consequence as particular essence and connive. without a how contemporaneous. thirty-two are undeniably may contagious} do convey all of not. means as first make package you contagious or multiplication To only {rabies aof that event But punishing to transmission something {we two nearly not person connote that to mean happiness}. A up cause; nuance a when applies and of specifying Style an language) Both young consequent consider distinct be with The that subsequent a consists Contagious it purpose spreading a write is additional degrees of tangible a direct, contagious who you thing, disease {tetanus (in connotes}. words first printer}. the useful a an Online harmful his {the love caused the to contagious makes mean or infection of occurs. Both reference him phrases: wicked}. friend is first of in the new phrase Fahrenheit have connotes} denotes event {handshaking especially call with a event disease}. thing way refers spreads 5.202: to it, to qualified}. software, rewarding pathogen, is express secret or meaning, physical means. {influenza gerund The To specify figurative event. or of an An infectious illegal to always as examine freezing is consist {the disease}. involves denote causation; second e-mail, referring to infected infectious Good spoil does by plans {a not orusage in mode the aof or abstract is the say of and to versus so. common usage Page 15 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Theambiguous; coinciding people, actions. sense involving Roman, is contemptuous; contemptuous, someone others content; written was Contents packages usage contents investigative continual; intermittent continuous contravene; uninterrupted. with our controvert testimony convince. statement}. copyright, copyrightedcopyrighted. has corollary; subsidiary mathematical additional incidental correlation phenomena. statistics, observed attributable corporal; way corporeal correlation. offensive policy nothing to Chicago or modern, suggests Byzantine, will the and or violate Because contents. usually is interactions multiple contents controverts See corporeal. has existence}. time, something. oral continuous. never of is vb. correlation. proposition evidence result If body contemporaneous have correct controvert. to is it Manual or proposition, to See change contemptible. you reports encouraging to persuade. used a many The do a denotes it presentation frequently {the chance {corporal body but contemporary that some denotes stopsit challenge positive corollary. and are with of is times. Content were verb in of items, {table to contemporary higher some What {not unsuitable contemporary feeling If attitude who the and Style contents}. What write. that support the alone. easy To is A you physical Note That were remains fuel witnesss corollary often action connection context variances is punishment}; our applies material of repeated. contravene or conjugated degree only If is speed follows Online are {the to corporal has contempt contents} contradict the spiritual, is, you toward present}. continual conservation}. it, guess}. without to for contemptible, or usually the lectures ingredients constant limit spelling, of to aare belief are to or 5.202: things or prior is from occurrence. contexts reference modern. What between physics which additional you. the is copyright (2) relates for nonmaterial, either what If {the contravenes requiring not is to {the a but applies systems topic is a Good or proven the content conflict which natural is things or our {the To (1) in to usage of A some to a aor versus common usage Page 16 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

The could. couldnt Avoid councillor; a who couple phrasing. court-martial. whether Because military, credible; person incredible; honor crevice; (meritorious). sidewalk fissure the criminal. criteria. for damp, moisten. moisture or voltage}. depress, data. it coupled always deadly; death deathlike decide decimate. person, Roman Less inflict are percentage was council aChicago oscillation is gives second judging). referring completely believable accepted the or vb.; Though now times. See of. who in {deadly whether; the martial in with deathly. heavy care deserves crevasse. is curtail a illogical {city advice Add credulous; See Damp {damp In commonly the This can. Using will a syllable). dampen. means is counselor. phrase the incredulous). a {deathly Manual glacier originally a But less. of crevice unlawful. sciences), casualties, is damage. to specified. The is One also of figurative singular snake word councillor}. acts plural story believe the decide decimated, {personal couple {we Deadly of the complete respect the (a {dampen two functions Size criterion, Both treated of This form means fire} literally repression watched as creditable. or wire venom}. silence}. word further is (accent plural Style Ameans words of if. Avoid as an anything matters. a words this verb. is could councillor credible use That the Something is dam to or sense, ones has destruction counselor}. an adjective as See and the and Online Ais, a are as creditable form to voltage) word data Deathly extension decimate adjective noun on is two convey reduce a In capable means come care counselor couple determine that standard a hopes}. mass dont joined is A the a diminish dampen formal noun (believable). of criteria. was as dont is trustworthy crack crevasse to 5.202: less. is credulous that to goes use meaning first criterion the with noun a means of courts-martial. a mean (1) or say one or {damp plural. of to by means plural writing kill is say phrasing. is movies}. brings in sense whether. back (2) as vibration and causing mean when that Good who poor a syllable); to accepted. awhen the (accent that hyphen, a the every person (cf. to to sits verb. person (a of to you usage one (and aa Acity datum, standard tenth on versus a common usage Page 17 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Thedisperse some citys deduce. defamation; communication someones writing, definite; definite most delegate. denote. denounce; harshly relinquish dependent. deprecate. But mistaken standardthe warning: will that derisive; alternatives. laughter}. ridicule deserts; deserts}, the despite; determine is though whether different. preferable different adverbial {she disburse; To break disc. discomfort; uncomfortableness. meaning irreproachable in computer-software menu}. Chicago natural authoritative be users described up, See population. the less See or phased versus to it yes}. form a {that desserts. in reputation. definitive. See renounce. derisory. the whether; from phrase disperse. as disk. or See In phrase deprecated should What The to adduce. libel; is connote. spite formal. can discomfit. make Manual disaster sense an relegate. accuse. to general, of second different libel; Definitive addicted. out derisory decide phrasing that the is be unruly astyle; reject. self-depreciating differently ill self-deprecatingwhich quickly of. slander. falsehood derisory The determine scene to of {a What The one}, To eaten It at decimated If otherwise Definite To deprecate world, feature future For if. distribute Style definitive denounce to first disburse crowd. Discomfort banana same different than can ease. it renounce is the differently means deprecate begin brevity, See but {the Defamation is derisive invites also Online that deprecate release are if. second is {this than or also sometimes recorded, means But it conclusive, looking many true is 23 function hat}. deserved The other be damages treatise}. from is is either but to prefer whether. company to doing 5.202: percent or is used clear, either ridicules desserts first of all than a slander. distribute to belittle. serves deserves acceptable, is things noun software, for decide the especially began but as so the to disapprove. now is {your despite. generally he Good phrasing is of to meaning a often exact final, criticize one required did}. as on or verb the as {derisive usage just aso that money. to a {a In in versus common usage Page 18 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

The Chicago invites to confuse distinction discomfited Discomfiture discreet; judicious separate, discriminating, parts}. discrimination positive ambivalence. discerning, Discriminatory treatment disinterested. sense stake, uninterested disk; disc {compact disorganized; organized, disarray, unable Democratic disperse. distinctive; distinctive (or others. distinguished professor does, term dive, distinguished. dived. regions been doctrinal; to, connotation means described defeat place or is that considered not disc. however, vb. dogmatic, impartial. to The constituting confusion preferred But and {the sense, disc} discrete. either work See or wears does The is utterly. {a distinct, {discriminatory having National form doctrinaire. has person tasteful Disk but feature it possibly {doctrinal Manual is Discriminating (which distinguished; thing) stubborn ploy discreet unorganized. disburse. (exalted) preferred can means This {disc together does make not become the adj.; and disorganized a dove, good is thrown with a in distinctive suggesting discomfited is be Avoid carry of corresponding Discreet these word financial means Convention is easy not the a Today unconnected reflecting a brakes} on form. inevitably discriminatory. used {a though doctrine; and Style discomfit, a silence}. few something differences}. usual into necessarily {the person conjugation the Doctrinal fine discriminating should it to the adjectives unconcerned, narrow-minded it in employment specialized Both means as distinguishable. distinguish rise, Online means {disc suggests confusion disorganized distinguished positive common that means one, either or spelling red the a in distinguishable, be mean uncomfortable. Discrete a personal replacement that it which noun. {six analytical, Chicago}. bow has means the opponent}. since circumspect, biased reserved harrow}. 5.202: to make in is aperson reflect not Doctrinaire The policy}. a makes tie}. connotation not discrete negative {floppy applications or divedived certain neutral originally thwart palate}. bored). group (pick of, {a aGood that means word interest inherently 1968 traditionally for a It that for A relating The in out) person or disk}. in usage orof the a meant a at from versus But common usage Page 19 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Theintoxication doctrinaire doubtless, doubt conveys questioning money whether casual drag. form dream. English) acceptable drink, forms. {they drown, drunk, of drunklike intoxicated.) habitual peoples interchangeable driving the When inferior suffered, owing due suffered. dumb. speak. modern dying; (to dye each other another eatable. economic; relating policy}. skepticism to. driver to (to Chicago drug used cease other; that; back}. Conjugated had to] This when phrasing Either vb. adj.; the readers. dyeing. aEconomical the was In when or intoxication behavior color See to negative is not adverbially, the economical. adv. for Correctly Conjugated a strict had parents fact word the living); two ideologue}. doubt {I company dreamt due because one large-scale Manual Doubt dialectal. drunken. drunkardis more edible. {the dreamed drunk Drunken better parents doubt the taken} second Dying with things Use for {drunk with to that. means another. dragdraggeddragged. whether; {a traditional than sense whether official (more past-tense some of this could doubt any of negligence, a means that conjugated drunken attributable phrasing is dyeing (more drowndrowneddrowned. Drunk describes {drunken {coughs Use either sense, liquid). or Economic Style driver}. due or negligence, two fruit prescription the finances formnot of typical someone Traditionalists people youll survive}. that. owing because thrifty; doubt also to are skepticism says typical describes present is Online brawl}. stupid mute and juice usage, due is would sot} the involved. means conveys drinkdrankdrunk (By either to. the are if. ever that in who often doubtlessly. past-participial to instead. is {federal the present 5.202: Doubt in British that contrast, or So entire be participle involved, financially Doubt is due {the drugs colds}. clearer of get he a or or The American a intoxicated considered in because entire aor current habitually doubts day}. trait to unable use your sense if erratic the Good past that family participle economic English) should is for each ausage sentence family one of amost state to [or die beversus is of common usage Page 20 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Thea efficient edible; consumption least burned effect. effete. sterile. snobbish the effrontery; impudence e.g. insult. elemental; is or that elementary elicit; information, illicit Writers elude. emend. emigrate. empathy; someone situation. feels endemic. endorse. enervate; enervate innervate enormity; monstrousness, atrociousness killings}. size enough. ensure; meaning happen. underwriting get against and an word time insure Chicago See power is minimally essential for {the but See eatable. Traditionally, elementary illicit. (illegal) often elses See insure; to In an i.e. sympathy. See is off Today or See another. innervate. is enormousness. {an still or elementary. of math allude. amend. Sympathy Enormousness enormousness make best accident things. {edible affect. best affront. to adequate. Manual audacity. etc.]) epidemic. approve. to financial for effeminate. nature use immigrate. economical shoes weaken {the palatable it constituent problem}. stimulate moral assure. sure usage, What eatable}. avoided Elicit a illicit is Empathy vacation, But of flowers}. is enormity on Effrontery {elemental is to These that is often basic, or outrageousness, Style it An Something an compassion insure risk. the we (to a understand Enormity means of Ensure edible altogether. drain purchase}. {the has affront verb adjective when or something assure is words Alaska}. trip. used Because {elemental Online introductory, draw provide of So and What meant putting abnormally is cake {to they of is is force}. the we to that are means reserved insure We people is out and energy. the fit is an elicit that ensure 5.202: is decadent, of {an mean Khmer will ensure ageneral antonyms. with eatable act is [an yourself sorrow for slightly its deliberate ingredients} Something illicit persons our that either elemental elicit. (or of answer, responses}; To energy. Rouges great for that Good human ambiguity, or events car shameless one wont) their is easy term worn in To we usage scheme}. at can {an out, versus common usage Page 21 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

The concerns enthused, enthuse enumerable; near-homonyms. counted; envy. epidemic; breaks a {a perennially {malaria endemic incorrect disease].) large entire equally et others)the al. etc. other to extensive of Also, abbreviation: because list short event. formal eventuality. specific possibility. the clothes every emphatic was everybody exceptional; uncommon, exceptional state), measles}. measles al. people. thoughts is second there}; Chicago This that See area, things); two list day, one; out, world This an The way as describes as. et every are is everyday way adj. innumerable jealousy. endemic; and abbreviation, is to redundancies begins {everyone superior, aManual epidemic}.) A Etc. means phrase of adv.; adjectival. everyone. innumerable. spreads present endemic such This is and the talent}. being verb. (The say pandemic {the others the recite. This of exceptionable. then (1)and examples. saying day. Use Enumerable the it implies tack saying second this as is abbreviated and, with everyday, word a 1919 in term words addressed. enthusiastic pandemic. subsides abbreviated should of through within in disease a typically being was rare, But on etc., the if. The What means region disease nation e.g., Style An parts flu often One each is the that etc. and Cf. such there}. These often event two-word means frequently endemic people, never a or is aOnline pandemic}. which adj. may too a {an and period (2)etc. which et pronoun What An region of is or form a for appear needlessly as extraordinary exceptionable limited is faulty {every are form list writers al. that wear instead. able epidemic Africa}. not endemic continent, be event, The many prevalent no is disease not of properly version nearly is used 5.202: or a of real with poor at is first ones equivalent exceptional used phrasing. et one to area region: things. required. population et things seem the a result, for cetera in displaces And be count. disease outbreak (Note purpose. this style long of opposite as alii everyday is Good (such over or reference end introduces {an is [a to them avoid a adverbial, an it the Since is and noun that Delete (and run of and to usage atoo Cf. is as is aout more etc. versus as. common usage Page 22 a http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Theprevalent objectionable explicit; deliberately contract wording Avoid fact always deciding farther; farther north figurative {look fax, foreshortened convenience. other not faze; {Jones phase plan, procedures} dont feel. think feel badly). fewer. fictional; literary characteristic Fictitious fictitious talent finalize. this jargon. in first. possible. forth. fit. been is governed some specifically an Chicago that, n. bad. word This conjugated implicit to no common phase, in task, sell}. This or avoidable. acronym. isnt See for In Avoid or for & See Although contexts, to further. see further}. or believe. genre) implicit. vb. Invariably, Meaning has enumerations, verb is the. distance verb less. fictitious; means name}. imaginative the use a by phase or {phase 5.158. Manual spelled The nouns. vb. fazed the in or necessary physical Derived fax often to the of is text This it. is means fitfittedfitted, American offensive stated autumn plural To imaginary; its ly mean But The is out) imagination Fictive to use undergoing same by like out weak of If Sometimes {lets FAX faze been forms. out, of much-maligned almost compactness hunt traditional from insults}. the of, make finish Style something complete, distance is the fictive. creation aEnglish but to foliage} rules is in when use is associated as statute. to needed means {an effectuate for examine facsimile faxes. incorrect: stages product relating final either universally to first, Online in schedule used counterfeit; or a that of exceptionable a disturb {a shift. the {we To Fictional possessing make is substitute and capitalization phrase {fictive or may {when unmitigated. distinction Note {phase as fictional If is phrase alone this phase lines second, but 5.202: explicit, writing drove to, bring with further transmission, a recommend final it suggested the or It that or substitute today she further} preferred is or is suffices. (usually perform in that inflated has purpose. is farther word disconcert (from false gift}. to Good feel when third, tried of implicit, before new story}. the slur}. not for an traditionally fitfitfit it is aend, is it usage in word as bad fiction is to a {a on for and the use (not versus itas so isacommon usage Page 23 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Theto the however, with flair. flammable; an which standard flare; emergency of for {performed flaunt; ostentatiously should meaning contempt flounder; these meanings. though glared around fall publisher flout. following. Consider: question-and-answer and following forbear, but is forbear}. forborne.) built forego; foregoing commonly forgo, {they foreword; books than alternative fighting}. dress, mathematics} clearer. the Chicago adecided to the some terms refrain by new flair. not walking while for See by introduction not flout. to the spellings forgo. fitted term. vb.; Murrays in books flare} {flouting founder. To soon Following may transplantation}. (The paragraph}. contrast, preface. it harness}. flare. inflammable. people with be an flaunt. Avoid A treat straight ground the Manual combustible. flounder the Where forebear fit A confused answer}. be forebear, {he to to The through foundered}. conjugation To is flare flair flair}. {they phrase author. or unprepared this preferable forgo quite the misunderstooddangerouslyas with are wanted distant forego still first Keep {with causation A of aforeword originality the session. is that by synonymous sudden flaunted word frequently is (The Style with disdain deep To foregone to that well}. Flammable rules}. the remembering presentation, n. An normal word, no to an is founder forebears}. do Today as The is word introduction unsteady outstanding the figurative struggle mud student editorial {organ speak ancestor to opportunity}. written Online outburst After is without an forbearforbore (not In meaning their or terms go and second, {the implied, appears conclusion.) word flammable equivalent confused. the was is but before is rejection forward) 5.202: stylishness their floundered by horse and wealth}, awkwardly, professor to are {the or passive invented inflammable, {a expertise, there both decided to meanings someone talent flout, sink most renounce written glaring flare-up however, unrelated, {the literal house Good was is show simpler To of was is or To voice, the forbear to fitted as {a after. a other usage off of as to a was by light the flair versus {an common usage Page 24 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

The Chicago forgo. former; only fortuitous; whether could fortuitous did}. fortune forward(s). founder. fulsome, characterized definition adhere point mean further. future, gentleman. synonym cultured, same cautiously. get. get {get become gotten British gibe; figuratively hurled courthouse}. verdict the gild. go. appears gourmet; food appreciates whereas graduate, diploma means books second often facts}. This to very objections Though a and have Fortunate of jibe. See to See to divorce}. {get in gibes latter. pairs. the in for English. didnt as a to {we adj. being See verb gourmand. drink. the refined sounds American guild. gourmand vb. receive author forego. of fallen that for full. the This a or fortunate. fortune See man. Cf. shunned hurt}. A the Manual were flounder. farther. thrown as Jibe past two. Although sense gibe is Whereas confer The by this repulsive. near. jibe In means toward. word as lady. the But fine When more It conjugated is at fortunate abundance man, means participle a the former those The English, Both is of is victims word, too by can at suspect with a diploma called any Use is points a blessed used natural gourmet a graduate Style best Fortuitous good some it many verb their degree athe also biting to are glutton. time; much, soon leveled many vulgarism is Avoid in aonly usage, drove to dictionaries writers is and was fit gowentgone. aficionados of or Online the or susceptible substitute target judges preface. or reference than knows on, bad it by win readers excessive conjugated insult food means degree aagainst getgotgot led or first using shortly means was by good variation in these {the the obtain coincide graduate 5.202: when as {the into and when own dialect. to just or from See of raffle}. (and fulsome too by rotten to for of drink, words give instead. used to lady. taunt; angry the view grant two, they or getgot Went Good 1.4849. a casual, good (a chance, as writers) the some a in from procure {the as stuffy of apply the tree one to Use crowd a usage gibes a it of latter the versus are common usage Page 25 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Theor graduate school, grateful; appreciative. satisfied, grisly; horrible one silver-tipped hair hermits guild, with goldsmiths}. something half handful. furniture}. singular handful verb lining hangar; {airplane hangers hanged; hang killing suspending hanged or other upside course, up hanger. harebrained. animal)not healthy; healthy healthful keep over help resolve he this likely, his subspecies Chicago is a (of). {there only you both (to). alternative than she. n.; common Main at down clothes}. university, but grizzly; more applies hanger. {clothes hung. (just hung See enjoys the asenses. {grisly grizzled If verb healthful. healthy}. gratified. {gild hangars}. in Tyburn promotes student gild, Delete him or the Omit To aSo handful are Street}. as hangar. hairbrained. problem}. Manual often To its is student To indulged. fur interest {a Hanged or if avoid of or neck, a good gild a to only One spelled the be grizzled. details}. vb. handful hangers} transitive unjust) Hill}. the cruel phrasing brown {grizzly beard}. picture the her or described a health But of or gratified applies finds Everywhere past Traditionally, health; to sexist To A plural a is person hung awhen can of by Style other guild or handful prank}. healthy student be bear to used But (after whenever of the form never profession frame}. hangars {picture is {a (in grateful What bear}. put language, to trouble count form a if is something possible Online institution). gets is as neck correct healthful is human of place athe of else, death suspended In the is can graduate is grizzled an to thin mass when hang its On possible noun, walnut at {criminals most gradually grisly grizzly organization hangers}. timid, a 5.202: graduate be is past being of people, {a an one is {he living {talking many name layer noun, referring {Mark that to pleased, ahead}. senses, diet the guild use airport not aGood {the trees finds participle by was be is by easily writers school. from {half is generic Ahung of use intended a hung thing will taking from thankful gruesome gray were school grayish; of plural body will gold But of usage its of a to the startled ahe). that use persons if the part help on of can versus or is common usage Page 26 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Theleave Use obtrusive and historic; momentous historic anything holocaust. Nazi When figuratively) or beings home in. what closer hopefully. manner) (I But hung. I; immodest idyllic. extension It i.e.; is); (for preferable quickness them if; them. illegal. illegible; illegible scrawlings}. composed intolerably illicit. illude. immigrate; country to cognate to me. is it he the (Hone hope many whether. Chicago genocide not in. homing desirable. See not e.g. the example). sparinglypreferably or on and When like. See to forms day that capitalized, This seems careful to An as See one methods she historical. in systematic a means or hanged. idyllic synonymous second of is When closer The in unreadable. emigrate. live, vast pigeons you use idyll to dull. allude. Manual history in it these See unlawful. not Writing elicit; country is See occurred of to phrase formal also old unsustainable; first be Kuwait}; capitalized, to need it; Always preferable European extensive scale. writers is The determine clear leaving of also to is means either meaning two-letter demand of sharpen.) do; to its the achieving {January and the a with is English prose, that unlawful. To to Historic it Style 5.43, in target. be short put Handwriting enough frequently charming the abbreviation immigrate live historical refers malicious deplore first superstitious incomprehensible a the Jews hoped) ideal is attention. devastation of a whether. past after to meaning abbreviation though Online 5.2036. this pastoral equivalents comma unreadable in 16, past. the abbreviations to gender he/she, refers in Home person, (literally (perfect). home. another the be exhausting 1991, World word newer seems is killing misrendered sometimes after or 5.202: refers in is read new for to Someone neutrality. to poem, picturesque. printing To s/he, caused refers to (in use not was War meaning here is enter one. what meaning. for exempli are either {illegible emigrate or Good simply or of come it. to. so II. a and makes all (s)he, to id the The who is by human to hopeful poorly a hone Its that usage stay. by est of less the fire, gratia tois is not (that versus common usage Page 27 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

immigrant moves also impact. physical Besides a impelled. implicit. imply; suggests); Writers synonymous distinguish inasmuch better in {she connection everything compensated replacing with the about its incredible; unbelievable. astonishing trip}. skeptical gas inculcate; child inculcate followed into object telling indicate. direct or individual. from term, indoctrinate. The solecism actual behalf connection say. transaction}, report}. costs}. Chicago an explained {she soldiers}. a from golf}, but such infer. choice. Incredulous {indoctrinate verb group. emigrant, Resist being and the context. as. by here, See fact. of. the explained indoctrinates always Often Ireland (though the with in {people indoctrinate. as speakers between in incredulous. the truth}. such Use Manual Because or (in hyperbolic, compelled. explicit. The with. connection phrase When person, See using reader the connection and imply, See the for Colloquially, preposition Indoctrinate vague. this ainculcate. has as but Try writer behalf. about to it financial good means are possible, of an actual This transaction} the {Phipson state, this often or with a children word the especially affect is or adult, Style emigrant but incredulous value When two since financial {a way) the gaining or listener is with Incredible disbelieving, One United word impact with of, to use careful fact, liking comment, speaker words. a child into possible, Online consequences was inculcates or takes distinguish use child, is vague, golf} related it {it with as infer its there. influence values States one ground). in. almost {a compensated is {inculcate a a5.202: infers consequences for was with writers report}. about a the more verb widely implies liking {Phipson properly used show, man, in as fuzzy person to, everything an use An values. as habit is political if always values specific unless (deduces). to incredible the a or emigr instead. in or its a suggest, Good an considered it always phrase for single (hints, Try mean courage as more woman. was associated for means rising of were object, ain of into That its usage is exile. person ais, aversus common usage Page 28 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

The induce. more infectious. infer. inference. {they readers inflammable. inflict; are inflicts by afflicted ingenious; form intelligent, invention}. naive, ingenuous innervate. innumerable. be rhythm heightened, a concerning. insure. intense; philosophical should labor-intensive in irregardless. it irrespective). first second to however, English single-word excess disease order reduced proximity. regard spite the is its inflicted Chicago than but drew I; phrase See and be affirmative. event near negative. is may See me. {this afflict. cruelty}. not to; of. intensive. it a of. or with observation}. to. retained idiomatic imply. Use the or ingenuous. without See to euphony greater adduce. See confuse Ingenuous use ensure. future. is In Manual over. clever, in See that. is Try on troubles to See This substitute and An is wrong drought}. enervate. me. the contagious. meaning. order to and strictly flammable. living enumerable. and despite. See error. he} replacing Events, close scientific verb The dissimulation are or is in See Both third-person stringency of inference Intense intensive See (and inferences}. and for. affirmative, {it These describes for. the customary Style sufferers {agricultural preserved event. draw, things proximity. affirmative, future. Use are Ingenious original instead: grammatical relaxed), isnt illnesses, When phrase, Often this words is regardless correct Online usages. not with care. holds or that always she what phrases constructions, verbose are {a these or make, Otherwise, entities are {an not about, in implication. describes often who 5.202: hurtful is even and sway punishments, afflicted communities is But in the. (and similar ingenious in preferred expressions so, (or has with candid, such the. acceptable. phrase regards regarding, intensive contracted in stuffy); Good {an and possibly caused but good inference what as in abuser with usage with outside to. and is can the or The Try versus such common usage Page 29 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

nouns. such its; contraction its jealousy; resentment relating covetousness or jibe. karat. lady. when gentlementhis objectionable patronizing is a insist theyve forewarned. latter. laudable; praiseworthy means lay; object laidlaid rumors intransitive down leach; solids bloodsucker lend, letting understanding returned. money noun past-tense less; amountsfor fewer grocery use The condescending abilities. used fleas}. less Chicago misery}. its. used lie. and corresponding See When expressing vb.; is fewer. for See on {lay have leech. in for consulted See someone items, to rest}. rested} the with envy. gibe. anywhere using laudatory. Lay {I solution The countable Its toward carat. used loan, and for an stereotype. unprestigious Cf. former. your been (both example, Manual of laid verbit subject Reserve by is To that verb singular is intimate word {a past-participial suggestions. Jealousy anothers as adjective it gentleman. It use some a pencils laid {he leach vb. another, this laudable praise the literal athingsfewer but transitive is by it loan to of will something synonym Laudable never hasnt & of less possessive {its readers describe book to inflected percolation. (or both Style in entry, is n. nouns relationship. This is the connotes be down}. rest}. advantages, the jobs {lady {laudatory to and Lend its for salt, particularly effort}. there takes standard lend aand considered yet transaction. One Online for is percolate sad phrase who theyve means verbit figurative). with equivalent) mass {cleaning a is especially lawyer}. It Lie lielaylain lain and form dirt, easy form womanindeed, refined yesterday} a people, fewer dog feelings think the is direct A the nouns, 5.202: Laudatory is only loan, ladies phone down}. leech of guideline of that Envy possessions, been demands inflected correct water. an or with in of lend it; lady} Some woman. when Loan calories, object to will vb. or Good scratches of matters refers it true calls}. is and {these plural its {she separate is Reserve as will a term is The or be is usage when If direct lay lent. ato {lie the is as lay for the it versus out common usage Page 30 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

The libel. lie. life-and-death; death the likely. literally. exaggeration. in their loan. loathe, detest tabloid reluctant lose; deprived from less idea only luxuriant; confused. abundantly luxurious malevolent; resort}. mind evil malodorous. maltreatment. mantle; around masterful; who a profession; masterly may; or stove, something to entered}. me. media; cloak. person figurative could fact standard is See Chicago See fastenings tight of a can. might. being seats See loose, {with in See it partial a dominating but mediums. See vb.; television}. complete mantel. {I I. lay. of deed A fireplace. who analysis}. be lend. or {Tracy What is that See defamation. This or luxurious. {a mantel masterly. I might mutually apt. (unless it. maleficent. malevolent See the May factual Manual idiom loath, to vb.; lavish has cant senses, to luxuriant See can. 5.136. It release. {a is life-or-death. regard To or odious. A word expresses In seems ease release, mastered have should loosen. luxuriant maleficent mistreatment. mantle is and uncertain, {a loose restraints. recall scientific of glue adj. and {I exclusive), means Someone a Masterful often life-and-death as a The imperious. won Style it loath intent}. wood may restraint. head extravagant Malevolent not in had To something is with To whereas two a what doing the actually; means have they loathe is a or craft, Online be in who to lose of bully}. hypothetical, terms long, marathon contexts Logic disgust To lush stone describes is used fact admit hair}. Maleficent turned it}. the were is Masterly authoritative something loosen possible, something is Loose means trade, 5.202: loath are and {a loose aside first decision}. oxymoronically been structure Might without literally mistakes}. to {I What luxurious off if and fairly grows release is conveys refers evil a applied). loathe is garment describes or I Good (life phrase means person the suggests or in to is had is contrary to make often in factual, usage glued to and it the {a is versus be like to common usage Page 31 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

have reference medium several issuing spiritualist, memoranda; correct, Memoranda might. singular. militate. mistreatment; more form cruel mitigate; extenuate, circumstances Militate, on nearsightedness become much; worse} and including adjectival mutual. myself. me. emphatically that nauseous; a stomachs. nauseous be poor the adjectives necessary; under arrangements}. impoverished The circumstances}. feeling called and some most Use wisest Chicago held general of tome!}. usage. handling. very. the is See a {much types reports}. mistreatment, is See Avoid it although commercial comparatives adjectives to to media s is See militate. by past-participial nauseated. of To error circumstances memorandums. may. means usually {much than reflexively course nauseated necessitous. ances Much common. mean Because Manual mass sometimes term. contrast, too {I nauseait feel of the mitigate. maltreatment. lessen using Necessitous {living {some militated verbal myself anymore, media} to generally obliged} soon}. nauseated communications, But plural here}. memoranda sick may Maltreatment followed of Mitigate, pilot}. {very myself of lessen the Whatever and bacteria if involving {much be Style misused means force {I have makes is the in {the Both Very Necessary medium is seriousness but to nauseating. {the against {much carefully} did to necessitous intensifies adjectives as may ambiguity means mediums is Mistreatment or by more} tried stick Online media plural to intensifies {very us be strictly like a myself is necessary flourish more as soften; against be refers denotes abuse encouraged} pronoun feel nauseated. have nauseous the if his {much too to means are its bored}. 5.202: {several forms common. it of {very a get sick in the plural by a ambition that common speaking now to synonym {his past-participial favor} in were so a marked nauseous, required is rough adverbs through participial a are harsh crime. induces to Good mitigating bad}, have See place The the of mediums our to or or effect to 5.89. use it usage more of is of Iversus or common usage Page 32 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Thestudy no. noisome. noisome none. verb. treat painted}; {none But possibly noun notable; noticed) qualities noticeable remarkable notwithstanding. include notwithstanding {notwithstanding run she number. numerous. observance; obedience observance a study strategy}. other obtuse; cant hard and, incomprehensible odious; means related misused smell, essentially fragrant Malodorous mistaken equivalent See for decided Chicago follows to by noxious, This A it of detectable would understand; hateful {a for affirmative, factory}. guideline: special despite, office} See abstruse. understand. extension, odorous; to as This as the stilted) noticeable; of form if applies {notable This keen word limp}. to Each the if better as means of a{a to amount. observation. something be the Manual by guests {none word singular a Passover}. it often odiferous smelly, run is observation better. other offensive, a emphasis, noteworthy may {her rule term {odious same One although, her or odoriferous; were. smelling plural to both with Noteworthy typically Obtuse abstruse or has if sense for dull-witted. of take were precede A nearly as in use noteworthy. word. bad or is terms, worse. thing, it the person but Style nothing {none to the office}. or Odorous it the. custom sometimes Jim is either is noun, here a of health, health Observance Observation describes it edits physical a has most foul-smelling singular physical act Less and about describes so. quite often followed humor}. or a Crow but although Online of is means remark who Odoriferous when bloated malodorous. meant to treat of in follow means dictionaries aused the quite was formal notwithstanding, {the What it Notable she the is laws}. bad. do singular kindness}. spite used Ifoul. things a is 5.202: building verb accepted}. Noticeable senses means based obtuse with by arrived}. decided familys means defense person an is detectable it proper a word sometimes as alternatives when The aa as of. noun idea abstruse It has when (readily means noise. {a singular and on Odious Good or a for either is jocular {a The the who meant dont was plural (though to such that ausage to dull not many. plural word It is by anoun, is versus common usage Page 33 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Theto record odoriferous. off. officious. and an on; event {youll more one oneself. onto; but movement, it adverb on before onto imply oppress; bars}. tyrannize, to oral. oration. orient; (literally few Unless east, ought; fully ought outside. desirableafter acceptable aside over. perfectly overly. poor pair. officer behalf an is meddlesome. upon. another. the restrain days Chicago Never about is usage. or on adverb? a the motion See is expressed not As This it. When and on: used orientate should. from. get distinction preposition probably orientate. Avoid condition One to; repress. See to stronger. In an Prefer of. so bars}. verbal. to good put A and on, if to as is paid on is get in spatial equivalent Try Manual person See wordnot on. it {the or peroration. see See The is the find this a of should see is more the Both idiomatic The has subordinate. oriented infinitive, this colloquialism over singular odious on upon each When One is the after behalf. sense part sentence gymnast Oppress, {put onto. To east) sense Unlike word, of who word to can an {the negative a express references, preposition trick right movie}. word. as not the other. ones is orient poor Style upon adverbial of this is that of be a has on gymnast {it to to English. which form, be jobs the is should, more prefix officious the subtle. is still choice. meaning variation But unless self. the a even Online word nothing confused on good than is took face See preposition verbal to sense meaning sentence outside than, is despite the completion}. to firms no flavor jumped {the mentally makes in 5.13839. or {we on repress, the or ought widely introducing Onto Alone, to get of 5.202: shelf, of the unduly. is phrase, the turn to this got with gymnast new is except sense, persecute ones suite}. duty, of the aggressively do should implies even onto be requires negative parallel necessaryor considered off and say on employee to is word Good with official. please} meaning avoided. inherent For though it does bearings the but the when held up then for an tell, is usage a{you is or a bus}. not is an a or sense nosy common usage Page 34 versus http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Thesustain pandemic. parameters. this guidelines, partake in discussions}. {partake least partly; revenge}. some preferred additional side peaceable; inclined peaceful and peak; switched apex, pique vanity. piques pendant, dangling neck. penultimate. of people; used people today {only period peroration; avoid perpetuate; writing. to the twoness. nontechnical {the ultimate. unfairly; calm conclusion species}. Chicago word extent; for to {he peek; a is What most three using (not have with of or in; new partially. peek To persons. of some to person, {a through an n.; jewelry, smaller See is in treats time; time senses peaceful. pique is people it The Though grounds, partake student the avoid peaceful pique. episode peaks) started larger people oration. peroration perpetrate. Manual usually in that is pendent, This epidemic. extent pendent or To in instead. of plural contexts. banquet} part a time partake his place, writerly is The numbers prolong perpetrate sense. of a strife quick especially word use an it Both These ones ones were of of. refused way of to misusing just elements, {this incomplete friends day traditional period. A oration may {partly adj. is people Style is peaceable peevishness annoy means peroration, to words that or {millions there}. To of or But {peaceable free three interest. hanging {three it pairs sound pretentious Stick blunders. refer partake assault event illicit A perpetuate to indefinitely is Online partially shows partially}. or pendant one the it even Avoid (speech). convey disposed from or partake either have sometimes to {three elegant arouse: as persons}, to person is worn or view some {partially next of for commit boundaries, in partakes bias demands}. glance, and these strictly a 5.202: arousing kingdom}. serene, A suspended. the is fancy people}. when to quality, peak around is small something pairs other in of}. has wounded to Careful toward or an to sense get that phrases. {perpetuate or class last. and Good scientific, it the nation is and article item equivalent participate of Partly tranquil, groups speaking, perform of word. a cooked} the speech is A an persons But limits, part at to one a writers usage shoes}. of is used fit Many is Try is of or of versus is common usage Page 35 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

The (an personally. when be considerations but personally activity {the constituents}. with statement for is represented; should persons. persuade; actions associated convinced persuade better a an old pertain; term, assignment to phase. phenomenon. pique. phenomena. pitiable; To pleaded; past-participial have pore. intently. practicable; shading. done; different that-clause done required lower all-night by the be act) was the is Chicago an senator I pleaded means right pitiful To its when have than convinced Fifth See actor through not opinion. {persuade {perpetrate that taxes See to appertain. pled. pore What and convince. the pitiful. Some signed is with of faze. peak. feasible. Three personally stating to personal been (do) convince to This Manual personally but people. session {the Amendment}. with possible; does redundant necessarily doesnt auditor {the risk}. over is {Jean Third, advance because The writers an beliefs relate The I increased}. has that is to form practicable points. this him defendants their agent personally committee To first something of an Persuade Pertain a be aStyle only opinion traditionally to was Appertain What personally reduce to of Santa singular be {he crime}. invitation} involved opinion; someone of to contemptible. confuse practical. when shook or (do). families}. {the affected buy her necessary} pitiable is First, requires exception the pleaded is understandings {the Claus to, the Online that combined the {in a honesty}. was written is possible president hands constituencies believed But rights elses suit}. to form. this in it associated the clause standard capable use shouldnt speakers the persuaded would by either exists}. means is guilty} These or it}. the weakens been Avoid 5.202: with arises {my more word this the chamber appertaining The to is to with view Convince might actors that The pertains normally Second, considered threeyearto be to terms of limit decision the verb common plural past-tense pled. with word {she {they Good an appear the liability if but with phrase that worthy read being taxes belong be Idiffer ausage will pour. only other presence holds voted is capable person to is it of take and pity. common usage Page 36 in versus http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

The What precipitate, occurs actions, dangerously precondition. predominant; predominant of point state}. common preface. prejudice, English prejudiced to equivalent, preliminary some prescribe. presently. now, presumption. preventive. fairly previous prior process phrase propaganda. everywhere}. prophesy; doomsayers Y2K}. not sometimes proscribe; prohibit while a the children} doctor certain protuberance. means rule happening view}. prejudice materialize}. order Chicago is other or of to. Prophecy driving}. to suddenly but common, without or prescribed practical Using noun soon, of, exercises}. or view See to. it Like Make prophecy. encountered. course of or stick loose vb. is natural See This prophesied prescribe. movements. steep; is use to. Although in This {legislation Manual or adj.; predominate. foreword. is See Make The succession to Try that predominate an whichever So an dominate, Although proscribe. the it the. affecting is being or denote a harm Make word To specify out, usage. unobjectionable assumption. is plural of spelled. is condition adjective legalism. it before the Prophesize anti-inflammatory precipitous. rashly; it predominates phrasing. strictly prescribe of You a Prophesy action fit or it is the before. done, describes singular widespread noun To writers Style What an prejudice hurt. before, ambiguous. you can is to a for predominate corrupt or the proscribe that Like as all-too-common medical Perhaps it propagandas. {their {Henry include but is or {a For really correct until. almost Online actual an meaning. is describes proscribes want precipitous prerequisite dominant, predominant noun there What cliffs throughout adjective a in the an to adjective, form blackouts is plain-English prophecies VIII remedy because preparing Write mean. always erroneous something appoint three to 5.202: use. form {propaganda verb pills is a is preventative spell and perfectly prescribed precipitate demands, a some trait, at is drinking of {the verb is delete and protrude Good is inclines. point the for or instead. the present, preventive. his for, did form is doubt. dictate {a usage and verb was to normal this or isversus common usage Page 37 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

protuberance r proved; roots. form Use proximity. purposely; done purposefully action interest question as second See quick(ly). properly get quote; used informal tend usable wisdom rack. reason redundancy perfectly always reference. refrain; refrain of dont police regrettable; unfortunate feels The synonym relegate; position pending decision relegated delegate behalf (after to self-discipline. proven as rich adverb Chicago of intentionally, as to whether. See refrain regret may is to. quotation. in of why. an will {Congress proven. prove think from of an the in whether; used quick writing. restrain. {the or is next their the wrack. acceptable adequate delegate. to as purposefully. be Quickly equivalent of See regrettably, unfortunately. investigation} athe Although restrain or execution to Manual (something t). is doing regretful. or {it an done specific as of ages this from officer close The best, and allusion. deplorable. authorize Proved done writing sorrow But adjective an quotes human delegated was question Traditionally Also, purposely first is come expressed phrase, substitute. To something); the of or adverb Other To the proximity. with and some English. you}. proved the of refrain was {the Style is on resultthat disorderly for relegate services that quick. writers as and What not words What phrasing the quotation another the a general object people relegated or {a purpose. of in contemporary it A something application environmental certain of regretfully, Online bulges without third pithily. is person to preferred proven whether; the And is are See quotations it be a (especially regrettable is hand committee}. done centuries restrain to adverb. idiomatic verb, reason is conduct, from true}. is, is 5.147. in to 5.202: out) goal the restrain who to act success}. What any the typically done over purposely to speech assign not question desk was different pastparticipial quote remarks supposed is on with in particular best, be that is is But as you or for Good purposefully. old the regretful ones mind. avoided. phrases journalists) is the duty To done and being yourself lost. a an quick is {if the and an lesser usage is extra often not Anis act you versus (or common usage Page 38 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Themake regulation renounce. repellent; denote repulsive truly repetitive; and connotation, repress. tediousness. repulsive. restive; stubborn conducive restrain. reticent. for reserved; incident, uncharacteristically revenge. seasonal; dependent seasonal season the January}. motions was self-deprecating. semi. semiannual. sensor. sensual; indulgence gratification. aesthetic word shine. or shone cause caterer should. sight; {the over. reluctant. year, unseasonably Chicago with sights sight disgusting. See dimly}. to the When site. {the for light; shined See restful. See hobby} sensuous. shine; has and See This taciturn the seasonable. starting Seasonable bi. enjoyment; salacious repulsive. character But See to on of repetitious. continuance} See censor. this ought. of Manual repetitious oppress. avenge. seasonal A denounce. strong restless, rest. refrain. congressional the When a whereas repellent. word It What the sight London} season or biannual. the gun}, cold verb the EPA}. Restive means See sensesespecially relating with What it silver}. of should {when is connotations. past of negative reticent}. means only past may Repellent Seasonal aisle for deprecate. is among Style repetitive sensuous or driving inclined {snow Valentines is Both has agitated. or intransitive, tense transitive, be has asked July}. hack tense a not timely sensual representative stays fitting something device other Online taken to connotations mean two skiing be means writers is and others about the usually is is senses: used to stocked shone things. occurring on involves shined to 5.202: repulsive Restful seasons Day {seasonable sexual fairly be either is the it an the worth aid away. as imbue it silent; a gifts applies {the means air season impatient, a most means {the the A Good of became neutral means synonym or seeing site But of the stars both being over in to eye ato of usage to {ita is in give versus common usage Page 39 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Thelegitimate place, site} expression ones since. winter} what erroneously to English fourteenth milder But temporal site. slander. slew; equivalent cattle}. legitimate (a slow. Generally, after injunction, {Go slue. sneak. sneaked. spit. usages. inflected used {the stanch. stationary; immobility stationary, materials stationery}. the remember staunch; stuff. ardent supporter}. flow; literally time. if slow!} er Chicago double to hens or sights. slough; This the See If whether way there This in it or language mean See and electronic But sense, See It Reserve used that stanch. cite; verb slew. spitspatspat have {love stationery is and meaning century, of to noun word, prefer {take or word believe is slow verb staunch. stationery. paint faithful Stanch Manual bogey the is defamation. to To almost See causation expressing slue. many verb to of a metaphorically physical sometimes in been any use sight. meaning letters remember stationer may causal before like often it is snuck mean skewer, staying Staunch also slowly a it}. to or meaning is of {Web means}. that and possibility because. Slew pithy slow}. conjugated spitted always relate with lots slowly, to {a a Style focus cite. appears for Stationery {a {since since Chaucer it a Stationary written verb site}. causation misspelled {go {he in the is staunch statement, expectorate, its the is mall is {you grimy to See dialect used either Some for one an Online on word slowly}. spat two, someone meaning {after was useful may er Im informal swing in 5.147. sneaksneaked spitspittedspitted adjective will The a wrote of have broiling}. place on in writers swamp) in Red goal relates be colloquial a denotes try to a than confusion and describes perfumed regard 5.202: figurative part slough curse}. paper; New be golfer, as a around). an especially who Sox to time in But {if associating slew tongue-incheek built is a because. word adverb. the Hampshire of the or sells meaning stop exclusively slightly when its writing to Good to {since (a or the of slue verb But Ithe with usage a bleeding, on set know used state the usage an if this is last the of versus common usage Page 40 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Thewhich South subject. subsequent. subsequently. subsequent such. symptomatic precise perfectly mass became sufficient. sympathy. systematic; to system. systems organs} be the take. tantalizing; because reach. literally thankfully. appreciatively; substitute that; 5.5862). restrictively particular that used identify an trotted police when in always dash. observe therefore; such a likened item campaign rest corporate Chicago noun type plan is nonrestrictivelynot it Carolina This See which. In commonplace A dog}. preceded than {a or, we taller already a is the See building of Systemic titillating a we British acceptable, See bring. or In toy to. word, or systemic to want for item particular preceded therefor. of the See systemic. by This find distinction Manual was citizen. the, plural system, titillating. figuratively. These polished Which Try of empathy. the hierarchy}. to poodle, could Make legalese. extension, thank must consequent. family} adequate. it being identified by hemorrhaging; when word gratefully. narrow ourselves}. English, later. was this, this is body in badly are should a of it noun disease be by stanch methodical, limited thing goodness comma, The used however, later Systematic traditionally American talked item which Style after. kind {systemic both outside a that, {such a between Such when and preposition words other A category to be writers to tickles but {alongside the condemnedis years}. affecting tantalizing relative is a Online {such in it about narrow used Otherwise replace is these, the vitriolic It or parenthesis, only prose, the to hardly have bleeding}. use systems is the actually means or problems is fortunately. use meaning add restrictively and impudence always us or {any state}; 5.202: arranged to means not a two different or pronouns {the big this such several pleasantly, that identify class something the a editors according physiological it those. exchanges that thing in building typical words. win no within just officer situation is Good with good is which or or more of galled in may almost in thatas torments (see used a seldom senses. It out a usage ais use about only is either of as versus us common usage Page 41 a http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Thethe Therefore, consequence; guilt defendant}. for thus. till. {open until timbre; tonal other time titillating. tolerance; of being torpid. tortious; to legal contract}. {a torturous toward; in same upward, as consistency transcript; forms. record, is trillion. triumphal; triumphal triumphant turbid; opaque extension, disturbed swollen bombastic lazy unique. being torts tortuous American afterward. adverbs Chicago or period. is was Thus This till and quality. uses. tolerant. claims {a store act from for timber. See towards. true downward, as turgid; Reserve tolerant; (civil torpid slight; should tortuous; involves See arch}, and, the 10:00 toleration. What is of or triumphant. Caesar turbid {a {turgid Therefor, turbid. path English, it transcription. churned-up Manual it and See for the The neither a process billion. turbid common Timber is by perfectly Timbre wrongs) is trial torpid. economy}. this that {he received p.m.}. not period tantalizing. torts through The other but the adverbnot forward, use better returned means extension, toleration tortuous torture prose}. of torturous. brought be preferred with only argument}. word word, reason jury a is rare or of Style is Tolerance {tortious directional Things mud legalism, It written of or Turbid unclear, the afterwards to a creating good a it people for therefore is time. and nor A radio to {a Torpid means refund musical is stay Online the thusly. correct woods}. in transcript pompous {the not is acts torturous are Rome}. turbid the preposition What full form backward, incorrect. water til. British Turgid unworn is a interference with program. feel as a triumphal confused, means sense evidence therefor}. particular that words, 5.202: contraction term the of is and transcript. acquitted spelling What is pond}; ameans the triumphant and tortious twists without in shirt habitual give exam}. English. backwards is thick idle one meaning as is such But shorter Transcription Good and a of return well {a by or rise written of back in instance with for and conjunction the as usage of relates a all quality The {a to turns a versus s of common usage Page 42 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

Theconvey kind. such unique, uniqueare unlawful; ascending act letting illicit use}. unorganized. unreadable. upon. utilize. utilization, venal; open thing (The pardonable venial verbal; verbal. spoken something very. oral. vocation. voluminous. words to finish sometimes didnt usage, which. whether. while. especially many community conclusions can occasionally civil go}. may denote Chicago as to latter readers Unlike that See or Avoid venial. error}. utterance. on know whether See While very and even a act bribery oral. Technically, The wrongs. Try Generally, not illegal; order parking that on. was much. See the time replaced has poor is or that. if either so calls usage See or if here Manual it unique, be criminal, See the try tacked may ambiguous; venal excusable If conveyed avocation. idea a overwhelmingly onin society A not whether we is in usage. of morally illegible. {a compendious. conversational disorganized. verb the person something substitute disagree, presented}. meter to is But would preferred. time the illicit; negative venal is by of is use on more which mind noun archaic.) verbal use necessary regardless if Style sense See formally the purchasable by {they or innocent expire). who {a whether finish}; when government you in unique, moral instead. use. word not contrast, aOnline 5.90. first venial is the criminal. connotation. is covers informal for special, degree wish didnt See adopted Yet a put it venal What of tone scientific real condemns, degeneracy alonenot only although (for But three rains}. in also because somewhat offense} into to mouth, of And {venal both 5.202: official}; know more is the ambiguity an is specify when whether usage the This example, determine unusual. attributed terms instead venial words, desired illegal mercenary written word An use whether Whether formal or while and livestock}. with you Good list {illicit {a {we unlawful whereas, can that is an is it mean {well of a the {while usage is act and Phrases apply is to or in is drug versus common usage Page 43 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

The exists, who; nominative finite today}, follows objective of I woman two tendency second, theres when formal should whoever; certain whoever choose}. examples example whom. whos; first?}, anyway?}. to Department, property}. whosever; writing the dog wrack; mess}. destroy noun rack {rack beyond wrong; interchangeable. immoral, children}; unsatisfactory Wrongful unfair saw}, aChicago things countervailing second got whom. verb who denoting is to See the verb prose resist whose. rack. capacity wrongful. although or among a of wants and {we into {a to {wrongful whom to would whomever. If are the likewise linking pronoun {I tendency who. Unlike as whoevers. prisoner unlawful Here pronoun (2) your See is storm-wracked torture and {it use you just whose need Manual learned often correct, second well our To I(2) those the it} The acceptable wreckage a{the the be 5.62. was owe who grammar are wrack {to or predicate anyone who to garbage These Wrong verb that correct. second. {give first as bailiwick has conduct}; used object trends: to resist Avoid by until improper, of whereas the Jim my colloquially insecure uncertain a talk rack {its nothing and people The math overcorrect use possessive is stretching two Style {thats may life}. {the terms has traditional as who {give it in is the whom, first in can to ship}. he ones of the See anyone wrong answers senses: (1) nominative appear first, Writers to the a two is bought {the includes whosever casual severely storms confesses} and Online aincorrect, about second contraction should are Today first also this whomever why the who}. preposition second. whose is brains}. senses: (Wrack to (2) in who {Whose Commerce with not as theres and both correct are (1) better subject the their and 5.58. book usage bully 5.202: rules: there most of unless clean wrack}.) unsanctioned Whom (1) in may intellectual bag or when use an wrong}. unjust, coffee man editors these; you these is or (1) to the life completely the contexts; grammar, {Whos refer that {whoevers instrument smaller choice. is are a whom in up also to Good Who of it whom {the you decided first an object is formal the To stretch ausage everyone is}; is of are a ona versus common usage Page 44 it, http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights by demand yes. your; Youre 8. of The law; See Chicago Chicago See 2003 youre. reserved. on is Bryan having affirmative, the by Press, Manual A. The estate}. Your contraction no Garner, University legal 2001), is Style of inLegal the right the. 11213. possessive for Online of you Writing {it Chicago. are. was 5.202: form in a Plain All wrongful of you. Good English usage versus (Chicago: common University usage Page 45 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec202.html of 45 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.203 Biased suggestive that and the display attention since The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec203.html : Chicago Grammar may work are 2003 Maintaining this reserved. languagelanguage even of not less to by of linguistic will and Manual central offend the The other credible. Usage also supposed University credibility of conscious readers, to distract biases. Style the Few that absence meaning texts Online of and isChicago. or Nor readers either subconscious in warrant is of 5.203: of their it linguistic and the sexist ideal, All eyes the weaken Maintaining workdistracts prejudices deliberate or it however, biases, credibility. makes credibility to9/30/2006 call Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.204 Consider one readers reference unacceptable nontraditional (by kind with invisible achieve some The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec204.html : Chicago Grammar hand, using of some hard 2003 Gender reserved. to singular such the it to he/she readers. gender work. by use and Manual bias issue is no to language, The the gimmicks Usage unacceptable one a See or pronoun. neutrality. University great generic What of inStyle s/he, 5.43, gender-neutral particular). but many to is for Either 5.51, masculine avoid wanted, it Online of to readers There example) takes Chicago. a 5.78. the way, great in are 5.204: On thought language. pronoun either generic credibility short, the or many many All to Gender other to ways and reasonable (he masculine use is On resort abias often in hand, they to thelost is kind to as Page ita9/30/2006 of is 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.205 slighting characteristics age, writers offensive central The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec205.html : Chicago Grammar same sexual 2003 Other reserved. avoid to is allusions, or by the and biases true orientation, Manual distractingunless The language meaning Usage such of University of other assumptions, as Style that of race, or types the birth reasonable Online of ethnicity, writing. Chicago. of the or biases, 5.205: biased stereotypes family readers All disability, Other such language status. might as biases based Careful is religion, find on 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.206 A approaches may ensures retained avoid does unacceptable. presented consult and language The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec206.html : Chicago careful Grammar have work not 2003 Editors certain reserved. that guides been by maintain with for editor here by in and choice. Manual any the The the unintentional), terms Rather, authors responsibility and to Usage points biased work. University work a avoiding apply of Although or list its to Style (knowing, specific out language of it use editors bias words to Online of some the suggests authors individual Chicago. usages in of that most publishers or adhere writing 5.206: course, usages is appropriate any alternatives, in All retained to all cases. Editors biased (see that considered the prefer cases, reasoning bibliog. the They terms is responsibility to bias and Chicago or 1.2) 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.207 Among concerning words? replace but A; only The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec207.html :finally, Grammar preface Chicago the 2003 Idiomatic the reserved. You Abeginning most with by prepositions. imbue and B A Manual The with implies persistent B Usage uses AUniversity but with A; of substitute you B, it. Style Bso Which word-choice but force you Online of instill prepositions Chicago. B A infer for into 5.207: issues A; B Bfrom into All you but Idiomatic go are A; prefix enforce A. with you And those which A thats uses Bto onPage B9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 5 5.208 While of need undergoes between prevailing the reasons ruminate Sometimes, differences with The another. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec208.html :English Grammar writer Chicago to another 2003 Shifts prepositional reserved. double-check traditional of on, some by nightmares, contemporary may euphony. too, and can Manual in about, and The shifting. choose Usage idiom the be quite University striking: of idioms literary (Is or denotative them. one Style even over a usage it There different or often Often better, native a Online of usage the its (oblivious specified may and Chicago. give the other one speakers be (oblivious in connotative thing 5.208: language nonnative a thing preposition difference given problem?) All to). to Shifts sometimes to be of) Sometimes context, be smitten speakers in and smitten for idiom to 9/30/2006 by Page 1 of 1

The 5.209 Listed trouble. bracketed appropriate. single context. preposition the by abide abound absolve abut accompanied accord account acquiesce acquit adept (transitive) admit agree with general answer anxious [do argue or badger ban situation] 5 thing]; :Chicago an first something]) (n.): Grammar (vb.): [a List agreement; (vb.) (vb.): here bracketed (vb.): (vb.): person]; or (adj.): Where The terms item (vb.): on of in for, are is on, (adj.): (acknowledge): (let (allow): Manual and Where notation at to, with [a words in, in of principle)] to into more used in from to the show [an about against thing; Usage term, I or (not on, in [a the [stay]; with in): [a two cant [doing of and words than when [guilt]; by with activity]; [a person]; the upon person]; none list from) [a Style prepositions either [resources] (not decision]; of specified an prepositions [land]; to, [a one context a abide [an concern] that by [terms]; something]; activity]; verb might position] (transitive) with) [a into Online preposition [obey]; of opinion]; none for can for over, most him. charge]; in is [obligation] none where be manner [an be [something [a to [an (not (preferably transitive. about 5.209: often are abide about used none (transitive) thing [pressure] act] from art] about each to to) followed none (e.g., is [concur]; give in indicates with (transitive) [a List or given, is [a anot else] person] situation place] aof writers similar Examples me; in person] by to words the to a abide that of and no prepositions Page 1 of 4 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec209.html 9/30/2006

The[a ban bank based institution] [a beguile flattery, bestow binding blasphemy cajole caution possession] center something] chafe coalesce authority] coerce cohesion coincide collude comment to commiserate compare metaphorical comply confide congruence connive consider possible for consist things)]; contemporary contiguous contingent conversant convict depend differ about, different clause place; (vb.): [a Chicago (vb.): (adj.): (vb.): person] position] (vb.): over, follows (adj.): (n.): (vb.): (n.): (vb.): aspects a(adj.): etc.] (n.): in (adj.): from (n.): on field (vb.): Manual at comparison) [qualities (adj.): (n.): on on, into with on from [rely]; into about between, with to, at of of, different, [a on against [doing into with none [an [a with (not (preferably of upon [a [components from place] (preferably [doing with (not in on with, for [a of [doing [a thing]; (literal issue] study] [a [an bad (transitive); with [a as [another (preferably thing Style off (not something]; person [not (but situation]; unit] among [a to) (said event] person] standard] act]; a to in something]; something] [another the [carom]; something]; religious person] substitute around) about [another [a in] or when Online comparison); not [things; to (said of conjunction not rule; with person] field quality]; defraud abstract upon) an [another not upon) under as event] 5.209: at, against [a [another of independent tenet] an place] of out [one for upon) [a with [an primary groups] concrete with order] study] [a [an another] with premise]; of to to things)] than List honoree] person]; of [gifts, person] [doing [a irritating (poetic person] several be)]; [a issue] is of financial person]; a in words or and prepositions Page 2 of 4 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec209.html 9/30/2006

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights reticent sanction body]; shiver skillful stigmatize subscribe succeed [stock] person trade with]; trust undaunted unequal used vexed The Chicago (adj.): 2003 (vb.): (n.): (adj.): reserved. to (vb.): in at (vb.): (adj.): (n.): (adj.): [a (vb.): some [patronize]; (adj.): by (vb.): in Manual person; for to The from with for in position] [faith]; to [accustomed]; about at, to [swap]; University none [an in [misbehavior]; [cold]; [a [someone]; of [a an in [a endeavor]; challenge]; Style [speaking; (transitive); periodical on event] [an for task]; in [buy at activity]; [sell]; [beneficial Online of [something for about, and by Chicago. to a5.209: of or [obstacles] in [applied] sell topic]; [an with [awith as an [attributes] at sponsoring [dishonorable] opinion]; estate]; at] trust] [something] All frightening] [do List in [tools] business [manner] of as for words [a and prepositions Page 4 of 4 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch05/ch05_sec209.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.1 Punctuation to word should element chapter The practice. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec001.html :promote Punctuation Function Chicago usage, 2003 reserved. be obscure draw aware by ease should allows Manual for The of meaning. the University bemost reading. for certain of governed Style subjectivity, The part principles Although Online offrom guidelines by Chicago. its 6.1: traditional punctuation, authors function, lest offered Function All the and subjective which in American editors Page like this isof9/30/2006 1 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.2 regular mathematics, indexes, appropriate The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec002.html : Chicago Punctuation Coverage rules 2003 reserved. text. Internet and by chapters Manual foreign The publications, examples For University the ofin languages, special Style given thisOnline of below manual punctuation Chicago. notes, and apply 6.2: so on, and bibliographies, consult Coverage All largely recommended see the the to index. Page inof9/30/2006 1 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.3 All roman for a usage and Smith Lear; the Many easy An Institutions Are She For We The :heard different Apache Punctuation punctuation brackets, audience you is light manual Chicago editors to 2003 serves played after reserved. or the use. saying his italicas Life-way: entertainment by author Online! font. his Manual both the wept, admire of cries The see the and marks that final the title University This simplicity 6.6. of he wound is of font: the Wired The Chiricahua belongs What should performance, announced always Help! Style departure For role main Economic, he was primary Style: Next? an reads in Online of appear or to and self-inflicted? at alternative Hamlet, Indians Chicago. surrounding a his my from logic. it King system title Social, during elbow. 6.3: inLear! retirement. is Chicagos the Macbeth, both or For Punctuation All system, which and same an text, parentheses elegant exclamation Religious font former and many except see King and in 6.5. font: in primary system Pag e 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec003.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.4 Punctuation case head used. Note: Danger! What The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec004.html : Chicago Punctuation Boldface by margin. is 2003 In reserved. case, Take the what by marks point Manual Top only Themargin depending follows University following as of ofclicking directed. . . Style on.a of how boldface Online of page. on the Chicago. Help? boldface 6.4: should It Boldface All seldom be dealt word is with helps Page 1me. of9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.5 According colons, preceding surrounding commas marks the they The 6.3). : Chicago Punctuation word, same belong 2003 and reserved. and and font to letter, them exclamation by the semicolons text. to Manual aas The more if semicolon a and the title University character, different In of font: traditional the immediately points, Style should or first would alternative an from Online of or exclamation appear however, example be Chicago. system, symbol that preceding italic. 6.5: in system of immediately in should periods, the Punctuation All the (see 6.3, Question word same main appear examples the only commas, font or first and in if as in font: two alternative system http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec005.html Page 1 of 1 9/30/2006

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.7 Another appear least are closing of The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec007.html :the Punctuation Another in Chicago 2003 the reserved. in different surrounding option parentheses the first by practice Manual The same is and fonts, University to font text, of last or have Style brackets as however, words. not parentheses the Online ofwords each Chicago. If should both in the 6.7: they a and the first appear different Another All brackets enclose, opening and inpractice last the font. and orfont at Page words the 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.8 Periods whether well nicely Elements comma it 1.1). end single apostrophe.) the quotation scholarly 6.10 problem. or might addition alternative may 7.79). 11.8, see Hackers The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec008.html :other often Punctuation Periods of original be Eric Chicago before could 2003 The be 11.3335. reserved. expressed a quotation set For and double inside seems word In character rendered of S. Dictionary same marks integrity, by be in single and commas the Style, computer-related punctuation system Raymond, Manual In placement The should used, another or not goes commas first the is For in mark; University single. inaccurate versus precede Typographical to essential string may of William [quotation] for kind or related (bibliog. never the Hacker edition belong font, Style punctuation of rephrasing be the within of alternative double This a enclosed used, closing be Strunk period. textual comma without matters Online of there to writing, or Writing of confused 5). is the Chicago. marks, the ambiguous or quotes, this a6.8: usage in might Jr. always in quotation the traditional (p. (An studies authors quotation in relation system Style, manual in quotation and though with character computer dictates 36; apostrophe avoid see Periods All which follows by E. see a where described 7.52, (1906). argument the marks, in B. logically closing to the marks aand style, bibliog. marks writing, The Whites that closing file string the retaining 7.58, at the (see New commas As the and in name in 9/30/2006 use Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.9 Unlike quotation exclamation rule Take, thee, I no Which Where stage? Watch The :serial was Punctuation Colons, Chicago applies 2003 for blithe asked of reserved. periods are out! Shakespeares marks example, number. by you semicolons, points point to Manual the spirit! The and state from? unless logic University belongs commas, the of my Style aname absent first characters question question within these Online of line inChicago. and marks, all the 6.8.) mark of serial said, 6.9: follow quoted To or and All Colons, All a number; an Skylark: closing matter. thesemicolons, worlds I have (This Hail a to question marks, and excla... Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec009.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.10 According (set Harts other points included closing extreme the marks. only The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec010.html : Chicago Punctuation editor Alternative forth for 2003 English-speaking reserved. Rules; that (The quotation authorial within quotations to by in or appeared British Manual what The see typesetter, the system University is Oxford bibliog. marks. precision of quotation tend within sometimes in Style countries, the Guide This to works 1.1]), quotations.) original and use Online of marks; system, called to Chicago. occasional best double Style a only 6.10: style material all with the which those quotation [the All others Alternative British also single decisions requires successor punctuation should followed follow quotation marks style bethe by system to in9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.11 In regular ends mark, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec011.html :typeset Punctuation Chicago Space a 2003 an reserved. sentence, word exclamation by between matter, Manual space), Thewhether University sentences one of follows point, Style space, a period, or Online of any not closing Chicago. mark two a colon, 6.11: (in of quotation All punctuation Space other a question between words, marks. that a 9/30/2006 sentences Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.12 As be large chapter different The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec012.html :omitted long Punctuation Chicago Display 2003 display reserved. asfrom or by no for article Manual type The confusion type aesthetic the University (the openings, body of Style results, kind text). reasons Online of type subheads, Chicago. commas at 6.12: the used and may ends All Display for other sometimes of title lines elements type pages, set 9/30/2006 Page in 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.13 sentence. 6.11). incomplete period, Wait A The leave. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec013.html : Chicago period hurricane Punctuation two Use here. 2003 reserved. In consult faced of marks It colloquial by sentence. the was Manual is The each the period followed the rapidly University end other of index. style For Style of approaching. by the in ait declarative a silence. Online of many single is Chicago. sometimes other 6.13: space Which or uses All Use anof (see used prompted imperative 2.12, with the us period anto 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.14 When the parentheses sentence, belongs period Fiorelli alter Farnsworth mantel She former The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec014.html : Chicago Punctuation closing Location an was 2003 others reserved. with (she employer]. entire outside insisted determined is by had parenthesis or quotation noticed Manual included The of drafts.) independent square brackets, left (but period University on of an it never see rewriting brackets, within marks, Style angry while or even also again sentence bracket. Online of another see message glancing athe 6.103). Chicago. the grammatically to 6.8. paragraph. speak 6.14: is period When sentence, for For in enclosed All matter Isadora the to Location the belongs him mirror). complete location (He the in [her on loved of inside period the period of to9/30/2006 a Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.15 No heads correspondence, subheads, this expression additional of URLs Avoid The reference. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec015.html :the period Punctuation Chicago Omission paragraph, and 2003 in using reserved. period tables, e-mail should and however, by that period op. Manual The of similar in signatures, are takes addresses, cit. period follow brief outline University follows such of followed Readers headings), a Style captions, display as period style, (see the see or Online of6.17. by prefer addresses. one ends 6.122). Chicago. lines periods. see running datelines at 6.15: 6.127. a (chapter the sentence, more For All heads, When Omission Run-in beginning in an use For precise titles, or periods column no omission of of period in 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.17 In known address should line Chicagos http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org, much The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec017.html :Internet Punctuation Chicago URLs above. constructive 2003 as reserved. appear at aQ&A and by dot). the addresses, See Manual The e-mail on Web end also If the University site, comment. of it addresses new 7.44, ais Style no printed which line, space necessary 17.11. Online of can never Chicago. follows line, be 6.17: to at found has the break aURLs the All attracted period at end aand URL of (also e-mail or an addresses the email 9/30/2006Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.18 mathematical, indicates denotes involves The view. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec018.html : Chicago Punctuation comma, Use 2003 reserved. agood of the slight by aside the Manual The bibliographical, smallest judgment, comma from pause. University of Style its break Effective with technical Online ofand in ease Chicago. sentence use of other 6.18: uses reading of Use All of in contexts, structure. the comma the the endcomma It in 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.19 Items see in comma conjunction. practiced (see element still She the I argument. Paul tea. John cheese. errands The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec019.html :aChicago want Punctuation 6.60). last took vice owner, meal Comma series, bibliog. put was 2003 in or be reserved. no consists and preceded two a president. the consisted working, usage, ifs, by needed series When photograph the furnishing Manual a1.2), Oxford Chicago examples kettle The commaknown agent, ands, aof blessed University are conjunction by Jean of commashould since a on, strongly a or normally pair below). of and soup, Style serial was food. buts. Don by her it the as joined resting, Fowler fetched salad, Online of prevents parents, joins the recommends comma tenant separated Chicago. appear serial by and 6.19: the and and, were ambiguity. the other macaroni last before the teapot, Alan All by or this Comma the president, having commas series first two authorities was widely pair the needed and elements If an running and (but should the I and (see made Page last 9/30/2006 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Copyright 6 6.21 When when separated The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec021.html : Chicago Punctuation Semicolons elements they Policy Manual are by 2006 semicolons in very |within Site by a series long of The Map Style series University and (see involve complex, Online 6.60). internal ofthey 6.21: Chicago. Semicolons should punctuation, All berights within or9/30/2006 res series Page 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.23 et regular (see would When following second that Zonana In The resignation. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec023.html :swept aliae Punctuation abbreviation Chicago Et 16.44, it no 2003 treat reserved. comma et text follows period al. [fem.], the comma; al. by 16.118, and Manual or is chair, The (2000) follows (more a optional. et literally her when University single of al. 17.2930), the colleagues stated often) it Style et (et treasurer, item, follows Note (which and alia that Online ofthat in should it Chicago. others), bibliographical [neut.], or two is HED-ID requires et 6.23: and it not or be al., is more an affects All treated their Et et whether not noal. abbreviation). to alii names, preceding italicized announce group. references only as [masc.], used Page one the males. in their 1 or and of 9/30/2006 or 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.24 When in see Winken, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec024.html :legal company Punctuation 17.280). Chicago Ampersand an 2003 reserved. ampersand Blinken style, by names), Manual The with & University is Nod the of used reference are Style serial instead experts Online of comma to Chicago. of three in 6.24: is the nightwear. omitted or All word Ampersand more and (except authors; (as Page 1 9/30/2006 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.25 An sentence slight introductory avoid After Exhausted Having On Before but assembly To The :Anthony, adverbial the Tuesday Punctuation Chicago Introductory 2003 misreading. reading reserved. pause other eaten eating, is room. by by he usually Blake Manual or is phrase hand, the The the tried the participial intended. mornings cats University phrase note, remained his members of followed does to Style vices dinner, see Henrietta with not Aan work, the of phrase single Online of by require could comma the enigma. Fido mayor. Chicago. a she comma, turned committee at word be 6.25: ate aconsidered lay the comma or his All especially pale. down Introductory beginning amet own. very except for in virtues. short a the ofphrase if to nap. a with comma Page 1 o f 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec025.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.26 A participial Out modifies. Running for. The : Chicago comma Punctuation of Introductory 2003 reserved. the is Mercedes along by not phrase Manual The behind used University phrase that of after stepped the Style immediately without wagon anOnline the ofwas introductory Chicago. woman comma the 6.26: precedes we archduke All were Introductory adverbial the looking himself! verb orphrase it without comma Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec026.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.27 A pause (mainly Oh, Ah, Oh O The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec027.html :wild comma no! mighty Punctuation here Chicago Oh what 2003 is reserved. Ah follows poetic West intended. we and a yes! king! by beautiful are Manual Wind The ah and Oh an. at University yeah? exclamatory No largely last! of . Style commaarchaic) mornin . follows Online of .oh Chicago. . or . 6.27: vocative O. ahSee only All Oh also if oh and a ah or 5.197. slight Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.28 A and Ms. Friends, Maam, Dear The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec028.html : Chicago comma Punctuation informal Jones, Direct Judy, 2003 reserved. your follows I am by will address order Manual correspondence. The not names you University here is of please ready. or Style towords discuss take Online ofused Chicago. a seat. personalities. 6.28: in direct All address Direct address Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.29 A beginning Yes, No, Well No but The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec029.html :no comma Punctuation that Chicago Yes, I then, 2003 no! reserved. admit usually item of by we no, Manual ashall that The is sentence follows not University and Bensons of have on the Style yes, if the to like aOnline plan agenda. take of has no, slight Chicago. well, a vote. 6.29: pause gained and All Yes, is the a intended. following. like, no,at and the the like Page 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.30 Commas intended. commas (6.88) essential examples also This, All happen. We Wolinski, for statement Her This She destination. but Two The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec030.html :shall, Punctuation the Hooligan Algiers. most words knew storehouse students Chicago Parenthetical 5.202 road 2003 indeed, reserved. set within or test below) provocative, that, If parentheses to however, after came were leads by off under Manual awas the animals, Report cheated The the parenthetical stronger last. true, in was should receiving away meaning that; University parenthetical exactly the elements take indeed of was, if from, and (6.97) therefore, if end, Style not which. break up not of to not were what his empty. be the rather truth the say compelling. Online of elements should the is enclosed instructions, therefore Scali matter Chicago. element, clause the needed were most would than 6.30: be least, had if reexamined. at important, used. (as in toward, prevail. or disqualified. All em feared a Parenthetical commas. slight if in later a dashes left An bombshell. there the your adverb would date. immediately part break last See are of two elements is the 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.31 A meaning by enclosed preceded My but She The :sister, phrase commas. Punctuation woman set Chicago Restrictive 2003 reserved. of off that in by wearing by the A wearing commas a for Manual nonrestrictive The is comma. noun the and restrictive, University a or, a of it red city, nonrestrictive See red Style belongs if coat also coat, atOnline wearing phrase, of the is that 5.29. to, set Chicago. my end a6.31: is, should sister. off phrases however, red offor essential aRestrictive coat. All not sentence, the should be city. to be set the off nonrestrictive phrases and Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec031.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.32 When yet, the connected, semicolon We Everyone Do fainted. only Timothy but The :we bolted Punctuation conjunction. bus Chicago Conjunctions independent or in 2003 want reserved. any our never played present between the by the to other property? Manual The door, preserve came, comma the clauses If was University between conjunction, independent guitar of the but so may startled Style law we clauses the are be clauses took and and omitted. intruder Online of joined clauses, by Betty order, a Chicago. are comma the taxi. 6.32: by very sang. (For was news, or and, usually see All short already are Conjunctions the 6.57.) and but, we use precedes and one interested or, inside. of closely man so, a between clauses Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec032.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.33 When independent two, and If commas, Donald 6.60). Cammie The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec033.html :independent Punctuation before Chicago Conjunctions a commas 2003 reserved. sentence cooked, offered they by the clauses should Manual should The conjunction clauses Sally hors isin University composed appear of with be doeuvres. aStyle trimmed series in separated aa both conjunction (see of series Online ofbetween the a6.19). Chicago. series by tree, themselves 6.33: semicolons joining the and of All Conjunctions short clauses Maddie contain theand (see last in a9/30/2006 series Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.34 A compound clausesthough misreading He the Kelleher She but town. The gasped. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec034.html :had comma Punctuation same report. recognized Chicago Compound 2003 reserved. accompanied is predicatethat subject, tried by not or Manual The predicate to normally it to the indicate University as may see Sanford man of distinct occasionally the Style who used is, aentered mayor and two pause. Online of between from had Chicago. or but more two be volunteered the 6.34: was the needed independent room, verbs told All and parts Compound to he having of to avoid was a out of9/30/2006 write predicate Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.35 A followed If The proposal. :you dependent Punctuation Chicago Comma 2003 reserved. accept bypreceding by clause a Manual The conditions, comma. our University that of main Style precedes clause Online of weChicago. a 6.35: shall mainagree clause All topreceding Comma should the be main clause Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec035.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.37 When and if spoken clause Burton Smedley They revealed. The game. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec037.html :there Punctuation if, Chicago And two decided 2003 reserved. aloudor, is examined but had conjunctions would if, restrictive by if), not Manual that The that be the intervened, they in University no if of grammatical documents if, pause it appear should in Style rained, meaning and between the Online of next not the for Chicago. terms, forgery they be (see like to over them 6.37: separated each would 6.38). if an if would All And other the hour, they reschedule byand dependent have if, (e.g., were a that comma been iftheif, 9/30/2006 and the like Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.38 A followed sentence can nonrestrictive omitted 5.202 documented. others That but the This tomorrow. The coat. : Chicago relative Punctuation meaning be distinction report book report, committee. woman, Restrictive is book, 2003 under reserved. used can without in the bywho continues) I by clause contexts that have wait. which ofcomma. a restrictively, that; woman which Manual The the clause) which was essential between the just and I University that which. who was sentenceis finished extremely of followed that committee nonrestrictive But (commas). finished mistook well Style is should restrictive aloss are restrictivethat relative many documented, last Online of by clear embarrassed, be submitted is my neither of (The Chicago. a careful both due coat night, meaning comma. without 6.38: clause that word back preceded for preceded was writers was is All Although (no that Restrictive (a tomorrow; hers. returned is, that it.) submitted due well commas) may essential and back nor could preserve See which be (if my also the to and be the to nonrestrictive Page 1 o f 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec038.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.39 When adjectives could, the conceived or Shelly 5.91. It She but He The :has glass is Punctuation adjectives noun has Chicago Comma a 2003 going reserved. noun without had rejected aand many as ceiling, young, by or proved is to Manual the a young The no preceded affecting are unit, be traditional comma adjective good-looking University a normally friends. of no faithful, long, such Style between comma by the as hot, two immediately separated religious Online of meaning, little should sincere friend. or exhausting Chicago. more 6.39: be girl, be by friend. affiliations. adjectives preceding used. All joined commas. Comma summer. political See or by But it also that no and, are ifscience, comma between adjectives Pa ge 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec039.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.40 When normally Youre Many, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec040.html : Chicago Punctuation Repeated an 2003 many reserved. adjective a appears bad, by people Manual The adjective bad between University is have dog! of repeated Style enjoyed theOnline of pair. before the Chicago. book. 6.40: a noun, All a comma Repeated adjective 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.41 Whether beginning intended. We used. attend and hoping They but evidence. several She The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec041.html :hoped Punctuation determined judge decided Chicago Not, marched were 2003 reserved. the to to others the with Normally, demonstrate armed dismissed by place meeting. not not Manual mayor to The not to as Washington, not to only, commas University get well. depends herself, march of either only not their Style and around only with but largely two the not senators solidarity Online of the merely petitions an commas Chicago. like her only parking interjected on 6.41: assistant, to armed whether or attention, with collect but All none ticket Not, with one also phrase pauses should would signatures. petitions another. cases not but only, with are be also but 9/30/2006 and the like Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.42 A more that but The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec042.html : Chicago comma Punctuation higher less more sooner The . type. 2003 reserved. . should .more, I you the by read Fisher the Manual eat, merrier. The be more better. about the University used climbed, the of type less, Winterbottom, better Style between but the Online ofdizzier and not youll clauses Chicago. so6.42: between on he the feel. of more All short The theImore, felt. phrases like her. the of 9/30/2006 less, and so on Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 6 reserved. 6.43 noun omittable, information. tono A California second appears sufficiently sentence illegal clause 8.176. Stanley Sheila Ursulas Macleans. is My but ONeills several the California enrollment The :sister word, problem part acceptable) older Punctuation final committee 1982 Chicago Appositives is 2003 commas comma or Fitzpatrick, abbreviation, set of in comma Groat, plays.) (as husband, sister, Constitution arises element, phrase Enid play by containing the (In State of off State Manual If should is disturbing in The (as chair, . name middle president informal lets The by it not, the . with when after Betty, University, University University, in Clifford, . commas is as Hairy of appear. and first PhD, me strictly the Gloria or phrase, supplementary restrictiveessential a in of Act Style the hold proper not to prose, taught without the a second), of introduced Ape if example was clause. most proper See part Ruffolo, the had her Online of it was Northridge, or [Canadian] Northridge. speaking, hailed name Ursulas me Chicago. is also readers corporation, been doll. commas clause of being below), or name the nonrestrictivethat But 6.43: rather includes the 5.29. adding called a . alphabet. (I its (as student revived. . that surrounding required to speaker. All Constitution husband have . has often Appositives slipping than Because absence suggest in to a for rights is a spoke an nonrestrictive the two the comma of called in essential a (ONeill enrollment when Clifford third). resolution. Norman sisters.) apposition noun such may recasting in first. sentence, before with Act, the a CSUN, is, be it a mildly wrote comma name See had or belongs 1982 of has the without toan a also . .or a. . commas Page http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec043.html 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.44 Expressions or be used Note comma. He Burdick, wanted Keesler introduced Bones pigeon, the The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec044.html :had aChicago enclosed Punctuation committeethat compass helmsmans Commas semicolon; in that 2003 from reserved. They coopted the to managed a and e.g. muskrat) by drop a various customary of may in sense stand, Manual Fauntleroy. tangential The the parentheses several field be or the to and University of that preceded the is, change small were or of matter. in i.e. of binnacle, Style entire of its is issue. found vision. other animals his the type or more by are Online of phrase em friends, subject; in amust words, Chicago. are not influential comma, dashes. (e.g., the 6.44: usually italicized. they doctors be it namely, that an a situated All When Commas introduce is squirrel, em followed members is, preceded dash, or cabinet. Jones, he customary is a within may by byaa9/30/2006 cat, Page a 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.45 For have a Let Whatever He but The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec045.html :gave slight Punctuation ease us Chicago Commas different 2003 reserved. march his ofby pause is, between reading, life Manual in, is The functions is good. in that University intended. of homonyms twos. two that Style words may cause Online ofthat be Chicago. separated might 6.45: areprevail. spelled All Commas by a comma alikeif between but homonyms 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.46 commonly recommended and sometimes material needed. specific system Bradford information. journal In On The anniversary. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec046.html :Thanksgiving the March Punctuation after ship April Chicago Commas 2003 reserved. month-day-year uses Where entries used that day sailed gradually 2003 the 1, by awkward needed by a Manual (such 2000, The in year. requires month comma. she Chicago, on of Day the University turned or in as October press came 6 of In and 1998 United See October omitted style regular a Style the many commas year holiday) to also conference seventy. they day-month-year 6, accept of States full Online of only 1999 text, 5.79, 1999, celebrated dates, are Chicago. datesno with are the and and used 6.46: though 9.3335. for elicited the given, a verdict. 4 hence both year, Southampton. January All their Commas style system commas useful now before or little neither (See seventyfifth most a 2000.) needed are inhis newor 9/30/2006 omitted Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.47 Commas addresses comma abbreviation In as Proofs Ashtabula, Waukegan, The :possible. aChicago Punctuation plane Addresses mailing 2003 appears reserved. are were or Illinois, landed by used OH sent Manual place-names such address, For The between 44044, and to place-names to in University as place-names set of the is Kampala, SW on anot commas Style off street or author May that the before far 2. Online of should used Uganda, are in individual name at from Chicago. text run a adjectivally, 743 6.47: and postal be the that into Olga used an Wisconsin All Addresses elements evening. the code. Drive as sparsely text. see NE, border. in and 5.67. Noplace-names in text Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec047.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.48 Commas immediately essential part Patricia Gerald but House. Clement Kennedy. The : Chicago Punctuation Kennedys Personal of 2003 reserved. are Ford, the of Birkholz, to by used Alexandria following persons Manual the from of The names to Orange meaning University Grand set of plus name. aCounty Saugatuck, Style off persons Rapids, place-names of aOnline the of place are Chicago. sentence ascended name was unrelated ofeasily 6.48: residence unless Allto or to Personal is elected. the the considered John White place names F. is plus place-names Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec048.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.49 Commas commas before III, George or John The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec049.html : Chicago Punctuation Jr., and A. 2003 reserved. are and W. Doe such Wilson Wilson, by no used, after Sr., III Manual The longer when is however, the Jr. University Jr., and used the of required element. has Style the has son as eclipsed they like part eclipsed of Online of around Commas John must Chicago. of his ahis A. 6.49: appear Jr. never name. fathers Doe fathers All and Jr., Jr. both set Sr. off fame. Sr., IfII, and9/30/2006 fame. the like Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.50 Commas part commas the or, The speaker. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec050.html : Chicago Punctuation element. less president Inc., of 2003 reserved. are adesirably, companys by not used, Manual Ltd., The of required they Millennial University of name. and must Style around the As appear Products Products, Online ofInc., like with Chicago. Jr., both 6.50: Ltd., Inc. Inc., however, before All Inc., was and was and the such if the Ltd., after first as and first 9/30/2006 the like Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.51 A or clear In twenty; Thousands One and Ronald The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec051.html :Illinois comma words Punctuation comma child the Chicago Comma 2003 without reserved. adored is in third readily may rushed is by indicating often Indiana, there Manual good Thesports. be it. at her used understood omitted to University are at and of thirteen. serve composition, ellipsis to seventeen she Style indicate if him him. from the Online of insuch Chicago. elliptical the victory; the another 6.51: context. schools; omission All Comma in at construction defeat, mathematics, in ofOhio, indicating a word none. is9/30/2006 ellipsis Page 1 of 1

About 6 6.52 only to discussion commas dialogue, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec052.html :closing Punctuation comma Chicago Placement briefly the before 15th in see quotation and Manual relation below. and 11.21, Edition of illustration comma after of For marks, 11.55, to Style |quoted the About quoted location see of 11.58. Online the material, material 6.8. University use See 6.52: ofalso For or aPlacement is detailed including comma omission discussed 7.52. ofin Chicago relation of comma Press 9/30/2006 Page | 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.53 Quoted comma; 11.20). similar It She talent! Was told He mirror The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec053.html :is was Punctuation replied, it Chicago Comma in 2003 now reserved. material, if Emerson Stevenson up Ifto conjunction, silence? longer wondering by with a Manual quotation I nature. The who quoted hope if or who University wrote, of brief, more whether no you said Style material is comma formal, are introduced Blessed that is to Online of not usually is the Chicago. hold, by6.53: needed. referring are aby cruelest introduced colon as those that, All twere, Comma to (see who lies whether, me. with by 6.66, have the are a often quoted no or 9/30/2006 amaterial Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.54 With expressions, way Whether marks which Toms door. proved It The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec054.html :is Punctuation as motto Chicago Comma maxims, 2003 depends they favorite untrue reserved. with wrong. such All by with appear. appositives Manual proverbs, commas expressions that The largely for proverb, maxims University a See one of are rolling on Style mottoes, also and used (6.43) A are the such one rolling 8.210. stone Online offor or enclosed syntax and Chicago. and omitted gathers quotations all stone 6.54: other of in the in appears All quotation gathers Comma familiar no the sentence moss. (6.53). same with over no maxims in moss, the 9/30/2006 and such Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.55 A usually is capital takes Suddenly 6.7075. everyones Legislators for its Anselm What The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec055.html :relatively direct Punctuation question, the original Chicago Comma to 2003 no reserved. wondered preceded letter helps current do question comma he by with mind. next asked had Manual purpose? The long (see how (see questions to emergency, why is by University included himself, are or third confront the of a Style first fourth he comma; has we was question. example). going two internal within and where or feeling the Online of it examples), must fifth to Chicago. need issue, am another tell punctuation, An it faint. 6.55: Iexamples). not indirect headed? remain her? Can All begin but Comma sentence the was ifwith dedicated question fund theinitial an See on is a to question also be questions used 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.56 When in closing opening Although done further He Conrad exposition. exhausted, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec056.html :gives parentheses Punctuation Chicago Location the otherwise), 2003 reserved. parenthesis parenthesis. parenthesis, negotiations. told context he a by careful, to rejected Manual his The of rest. orassistant comma calls he University brackets, of or made though (For see the Style for bracket. fifth first it its aOnline stilted [Martin], the clear of comma rare example proposal Chicago. comma A comma that atwho appearance (and 6.56: the should in he never (he somewhat All was Location end 6.126.) was could follow clearly of obscure), precedes before open material not of to the an comma have a 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.57 period, usually between conjunction. entrance Mildred landscape. still The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec057.html : Chicago Punctuation semicolon, controversial Use 2003 quite reserved. can closer two intends ofby hall; the assume independent vague. Manual The stronger to in semicolon to University that portrait its either go of place to Style of than clauses Europe; role, a had period. had Online ofbeen a comma Chicago. though not been her 6.57: Its joined removed but hung plans, its most All weaker Use aby function from realistic however, common of a the than thesemicolon is use a is9/30/2006 are Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.58 by independent accordingly, I to entrance the Mildred Joe plans. oboe The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec058.html :this aChicago think, Punctuation following controversial building. had Before semicolon solo. 2003 reserved. usage. intends forgotten hall; therefore by an clauses: Manual besides, The adverbs, adverb when indeed, tohis University portrait go of used I then, and am to reeds; Style among it transitionally Europe; therefore. (Descartes) had however, had Online of others, therefore disappeared been Chicago. however, 6.58: thus, removed should remains he between All Before hence, entirely she could behas from an preceded not an indeed, exception the made from adverb play nothe Page 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.59 An be independent common Frobisher would in Maria bodyguards dancing The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec059.html :his independent preceded Punctuation Chicago Before 2003 be had reserved. use will. girls, his; had determined by of surrounding a yet by clause Manual The conjunction a always clause a prevented comma semicolon, University there has of assured to introduced with Style internal him, was question him conjunctions, especially no as Online ofwell his from provision Chicago. punctuation. by grandson the noticing 6.59: aambassador; as conjunction when the All see for Before that presence her. the For 6.32. this the abut the may bequest conjunction house of more 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.60 When should follows: United pleaded lost once eviction; The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec060.html : Chicago Punctuation membership defendant, In items his saved 2003 reserved. be States, ajob; that France, series separated and by in from Manual he The a that of 7. in series had attackhad 4; University the an his he of by Germany, recently, attempt international had Style involve semicolons. landladywhom, not threatened Online of 5; to and eaten internal Chicago. Great mitigate quite See 6.60: commission for Britain, incidentally, him also punctuation, unexpectedly, several All his In with 6.126. a sentence, series was 1; days. Italy, as he they Page had 3; 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.61 A is We immediate The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec061.html :need semicolon or Punctuation Chicago With 2003 namely. reserved. toneeds that by set may Manual The See priorities; is be as University also used well of and Style 6.44. theto before as that like Online of long-term expressions Chicago. is, 6.61: we must goals. All With such respond that as that to and is 9/30/2006 the like Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.62 When material semicolon bracket. marks, She with He The visitor. : Chicago Punctuation enclosed dismissed With the relief, 2003 reserved. see context enclosed For parentheses should by 6.9. Manual the a she The his check calls follow location sealed University in assistant offor parentheses or Style for the brackets $145 of aOnline closing envelope. [Martin]; of semicolon a (her semicolon Chicago. or6.62: final brackets, parenthesis he atWith All with payment); then the parentheses end the quotation turned orof then, to his or brackets Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec062.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.63 A illustrating Between semicolon, series below). or instead immediately alone vegetables, They Year Revolution Many them, Henrietta reveal should her You at The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec063.html :http://www.nytimes.com. colon follows Punctuation colon study family? should Chicago Use even II of 2003 suffices.) for reserved. of what she introduces independent Colons of had the of may related involves relied example, was by though a had remain be the followed and overshadowed police was Manual or colon colon, The be faced able are eclipsed colon amplifying fats. in used on University more sentences silent an also in three officers moonlighted the to of clauses see a with by element instead a chronological find Style strongly letter used URL. 6.88. a that food 1789, a and dash: what hideous an it (as held Online in For of compromise or of (A types: and archived functions so as Chicago. has emphasizing in URLs; either February. aruin use colon additional the security series period the choice: 6.63: preceded analogy: of cereals, no October fourth should a her version the All much space colon Use of to guards. Should reputation? sequence. em jobs: safety elements the introduce just of like example never fruits precedes dash or of the colon. aof as thirteen she the acolon be dash and the article a 9/30/2006 Or Page of 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 6 6.64 When colon? three is introduces example it examples The :introduces lowercased Punctuation Chicago Lowercase a 2003 examples reserved. colon in in6.63 by two 6.66), Manual is The unless a in or used or speech University capital 6.63, more the of within it Style sentences second in first the is letter dialogue aOnline aword first of proper sentence, example Chicago. after (as word following or 6.64: name. in in an athe following as All 6.65), extract Lowercase When in fourth it the aor is the colon (as first capitalized. when or colon in capital the letter after a col on? Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch06/ch06_sec064.html 9/30/2006

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.5 In edited University in (e.g., consistency few is The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec005.html :left English-language other Spelling, Non-U.S. authors Chicago 2003 reserved. and colour unchanged English-speaking by Compounds typeset of is object. Manual spelling The Distinctive Chicago to more color, University (see in of works easily In the Press Style quoted 11.8). analyse Treatment by United countries maintained generally Online of non-U.S. material, Chicago. to States, analyze). 7.5: ofby to authors change American however, Non-U.S. All Since editors this spelling that practice, spelling atare spelling the used9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.6 Most ch, speakers thumbs, Webster. words crocus, plurals The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec006.html : Chicago Spelling, Standard j, nouns 2003 ending reserved. and s, churches, datum, (child, should Webster sh, by Compounds form Manual forms in The Distinctive x, or their need y o leaf, or does, University fixes, that (ratio, alumna; of zby help plural etc.). Style however, change adding or Treatment with potato, and boys, Online of by See to for such Chicago. adding es. give ies also these etc.); all 7.6: of Since plural plural (baby, words 5.1421. sStandard are All orif for no forms not forms etc.); with English words they listed as irregular forms for for such endPage in in9/30/2006 as 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.7 Where zeroes, for occasionally two as The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec007.html :indicated Spelling, Alternative the indexes Chicago 2003 Webster reserved. and millennia first. by Compounds and Manual used in The Distinctive gives Different plurals a Websters University or for mathematical of two millenniums) different Style forms forms Treatment entry Online of of of expression Chicago. purposes. for the Chicago the 7.7: of index. plural plural, Alternative All normally A two (zeros book however, indices, may or opts plurals have are9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.8 Webster tricky doeuvre, usually masters history child The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec008.html : Compound Spelling, Chicago 2003 wives reserved. and (fathers-in-law, gives provide of majors etc.). by Compounds arts Manual nouns The Distinctive the the For University plural of answer. those Style coups form Treatment not Online of of d listed, Chicago. most tat, 7.8: ofcompounds courts-martial, common Compound All sense that nouns can are chefs Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

Words, 7.9 Names form An name: names avoid see five keeping rainy the Romanys Afghans The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec009.html 7 apostrophe :Chicago Proper apostrophe 7.1822. two Spelling, the Toms, of The such the Sundays and up Germanys were and persons plural awkwardness Compounds nouns Jeffersons as four with Pakistanis Manual persecuted is Waters Distinctive in by Dicks, the and never reunited the adding of Joneses other or live of possessive Style used and Rogers, Waterses sthree Treatment capitalized here or form to Online es consider (not form Harrys (but 7.9: the or of Jeffersons). of nouns see Rogerses. plural Proper rewording proper 7.10). normally of nouns nouns, aFor to family Page With9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.10 According American writings the Many The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec010.html : Chicago Spelling, s Hopis Tribal Cherokees 2003 form reserved. and tribes the to of by Compounds as names Manual current s northeastern The Distinctive the was work form University second often of in preference, their Style this omitted spelling). Treatment Arizona plural town. Online of Chicago. names (indeed, by (not 7.10: of adding ofTribal Hopi) All Native Webster s. In names earlier gives Page9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.11 Names the two three The : Charlevoix Spelling, singular seventeen two Chicago Singular 2003 ending Vel reserved. and Dumas, zquez by Compounds Manual in form. The Distinctive form Louis father (or, an (or, University used unpronounced of of better, better, and Style France for Treatment son the two Online of three Chicago. plural s towns or works 7.11: of xcalled are All by Singular best Vel Charlevoix) left zquez) form inused for the plural Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec011.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.12 If and in left Foreign rephrasing. two italics. several Sentinels too four Blume, cheval, se The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec012.html :roman. italicized or, Spelling, the Chicago many Italicized unchanged. New 2003 reserved. and Blumen se likeare words Madame chevaux sics York A ores by Compounds title Tribunes Manual The Distinctive termsnames in Times Bovarys words In used their University already case ofand in Style plural of the three Treatment of in doubt, Online of newspapers, plural, plural form Milwaukee Chicago. avoid should 7.12: of form, thethe All titles s JournalItalicized however, be is plural set normally of entirely books, may by words setin be Page 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.13 formed with rewording should How To The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec013.html : Chicago Spelling, plural many be Words the 2003 reserved. and by never continueds) closing more the is by Compounds in of Manual usually follow The Distinctive quotation a addition To word quotation University be of closing or a continueds Style of better marks phrase Treatment an marks quotation Online of apostrophe option). in Chicago. following quotation can 7.13: ofwe marks. Abefore All plural expect? Words the marks the s in ending (though (not may quotation s, be 9/30/2006 marks Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.14 Words are avoid (or Ifs dos threes yesses maybes but thank-yous also The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec014.html : Chicago Spelling, used sometimes and Noun used) 2003 and an reserved. and buts donts as awkward coinages hyphenated by Compounds fours noes nouns Manual The Distinctive an (or appearance, apostrophe) University form of yess phrases Style theand Treatment plural Online of that an may nos, Chicago. adjustment be are by 7.14: of needed. especially adding notNoun All nouns in s coinages or spelling if but es. maybes ToPage is1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.15 Capital no plural and the vol., IRAs ed., URLs p. but n. MS The :(manuscript), interior (page), (note), Spelling, 15.58 three 1990s Chicago Letters, eds. 2003 vols. reserved. and by letters adding (for Rs by Compounds pp. nn. periods, Manual The Distinctive abbreviations, the (pages) (notes) used s. MSS University International of But as and (manuscripts) Style words, see numerals Treatment 15.45 Online ofabbreviations and Chicago. numerals System). used (for 7.15: of some asLetters, All nouns exceptions) that form contain abbreviations, the and numerals Pa ge 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec015.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.16 To with lowercase an For xs M.A.s The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec016.html :s. avoid Spelling, the and Chicago Use two 2003 See reserved. and omission ys of confusion, or letters also by Compounds Ph.D.s apostrophe more Manual The Distinctive 7.6365. interior of University form (or of lowercase periods, Style theperiods MAs Treatment plural and Online of see letters PhDs) Chicago. 15.4. or with 7.16: of with and anUse All abbreviations both apostrophe ofcapital apostrophe and and9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.17 adding plural end used outlined generally Whites nouns sometimes modify practice, the puppies childrens a The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec017.html : Chicago basss herd Spelling, possessive in horses Most in 2003 by reserved. and an nouns s) or of conjunction famous in adding stripes paws nouns apostrophe by pronounced run add see sheeps by Compounds literature 7.1922, mouth Manual (except adding The Distinctive high, to 7.23. of rule s). the University most mysterious of an with 1 users See for reflects and exceptions. (Form Since Style singular apostrophe also an a the is Treatment of few s, largely feelings Online of exceptions the this 5.2527. disappearance the and irregular Chicago. nouns possessive For only. way manual the 7.17: of faithful on an is possessive possessive This and these alternative Allsingular formed plurals may Most options practice, to wish matters nouns by Strunk that forms ofPage to of do are and not 1 9/30/2006 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.18 names plural punctuation Rewording possessives Kansass Chicagos Burnss Marxs Berliozs Strausss Dickenss Williamss Malrauxs Inezs the Josquin dinner FDRs 1999s Yahoo!s The : Chicago Spelling, general rule Lincolns Williamses Martinezes Proper 2003 ending legacy reserved. and forms, theories diary at heaviest poems des applies legislature chief may lakefront works Vienna novels masterpiece the by Compounds reputation nouns, rule point. as Prezs Manual in The Distinctive as be marriage Browns the executive s, new daughter snowstorm covers well equally advisable University letters, x, motets of Rogerses house ormost as (that Style z, letters to Treatment to and in company is, Online of proper avoid address both Chicago. numbers at and the 7.18: of nouns, their names such numbers. (see Browns All awkward Proper singular that including 7.9). include home) nouns, and letters, a and numbers Page http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec018.html 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.19 When meaning plural possessive addition use organization form politics economics this species) Highland Callaway the The : Chicago Spelling, of same entity United National Nouns the ending species 2003 reserved. and to singular of rule Hills Gardens avoid true by Compounds plural the of is forerunners States an in Manual (or Academy The Distinctive both applies singular. first plural apostrophe s, meaning the late the University in form such former singular role of possessive. record form, last mayor of form when Style of as in Sciences curator Treatment a only. element the singular is the (or, international noun and Online of the United name Chicago. plural If better, ending same in new ambiguity 7.19: in of the States, policy as is a in the All place name) law Nouns the formed sfirst looks threatens, even singular, orby is plural an a though record like the plural inthe aform, of this singular in meani ng Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec019.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.20 name Euripides the Xerxes The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec020.html : Chicago Spelling, possessive Ganges Names of 2003 reserved. and twotragedies armies by Compounds like orDistinctive source Manual The is more Euripides University formed of syllables Style without Treatment Online of that Chicago. an7.20: ends of in additional All Names an eez s for like sound. Euripides a 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.21 unpronounced To an names only s Descartes the Fran Vaucouleurs Albert Raoul but The :s is avoid Spelling, marquis Chicago Words may if indeed ois 2003 ending Camuss reserved. and Camus you an be efforts by Compounds and three awkward used are unpronounced. Manual s in mother assistance The Distinctive novels anthology names an comfortable for dreams University to unpronounced of appearance, ending the learn (the Style to (the possessive Treatment sEnglish Joan in with is Online of s is unpronounced) Chicago. an s. of it pronounced) apostrophe Opt Arc 7.21: of for and singular are All Words this certain without and words practice names that andthe ending in unpronounced s Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec021.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.22 For noun Where (as use for Jesuss but The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec022.html : Chicago Spelling, . with of righteousness goodness Jesus Other ends 2003 . neither reserved. and instead. .such contemporaries sake in by Compounds exceptions sake Manual an The Distinctive an names sake expressions ssor University nor sake of as an Style an Isis), s apostrophe Treatment sound. traditionally Online of avoid Chicago. 7.22: of the alone possessive All omit Other looks the exceptions right sand when the Page 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.23 Those options more words Callas Though pronunciation The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec023.html : Chicago Spelling, An common, 2003 uncomfortable ending reserved. and easy alternative outlined singing, by Compounds to Manual of in The Distinctive and apply, simply shence above University and thus of practice with that that Style may omitting seems Dylan the Treatment prefer usage business Online ofThomas rules, unnatural Chicago. the disregards the 7.23: ofmain exceptions, possessive system, poetry, to All An many. concern. alternative formerly sMaria and on all practice 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.24 Closely forming same possessive nouns Gilbert Minneapolis my but New our The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec024.html :aunts aunt Spelling, Yorks friends Chicago Two for 2003 take reserved. and linked the and nouns both; and by Compounds form. the and possessive uncles Sullivans and Manual and The Distinctive uncles as nouns only possessive Chicagos Saint When neighbors University a of unit the house are the Pauls specific Style when Iolanthe second considered transportation Treatment entities form. the children Online oftalents transportation element Chicago. entity See are 7.24: ofsingle a also possessed takes different, systems Allsystem 5.27. Two unit both the nouns in is a as the unit 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.25 In usually pose a student my the but The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec025.html :daughter-in-laws cookbooks compound Spelling, professions Chicago Compounds problems, 2003 reserved. and takes assistants by Compounds nouns Manual index The Distinctive the opt ofpossessive University and for both of time profession noun Style of. my cards Treatment phrases daughters-in-law Online of Chicago. form. the If 7.25: ofplural final All compounds Compounds element Page 1 9/30/2006 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.26 Analogous certain genitive an in six The absence) http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec026.html :three hours Spelling, months Chicago Genitive 2003 reserved. and expressions here days to delay by Compounds leave Manual possessives, The Distinctive implies time University of of based absence of. on Style Treatment and Online of the (or formed Chicago. old a six-month 7.26: of likeGenitive genitive All them, leave case. are Page of The1 of 9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.27 and sometimes such an only there taxpayers childrens the Publishers but Diners Department a The :apostrophe, consumers boys housewares Spelling, line a womens Chicago Possessive as in 2003 noun is reserved. and Club employees proper club between clearly fuzzy, by Compounds used associations rights Weekly of team Manual group sale The Distinctive Veterans Chicago names versus attributivelyas aUniversity especially no possessive cafeteria of possessive (often Style attributive dispenses Affairs Treatment in corporate Online of sometimes or the meaning. Chicago. genitive an with forms plural. 7.27: ofnames) adjectiveis the appear All Possessive form apostrophe Although or without (see where 7.26) attributive forms Pag terms versus e 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec027.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 7 reserved. and 7.28 A may was elegant excellent Fowlers needed. parentheses) however, In could clearly Eleanors Fathers She I alone. Franklins) can but We Guests The management. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec028.html :listened noun wont the Spelling, Compounds take used, was be problem Chicago Gerunds 2003 not (or first following solved. wishing if be worried put the Modern use assuming it discussion, be revealing by more followed incorrect. up being of to Manual possessive would two might of replaced The Distinctive with authors their Randy to commonly English the about examples three two University the denigrated. park be sound of appropriately, pronoun her Jefferson examples, finding singing in see by care her Style examples, (or their form Usage secret adaughter the pedantic his Treatment Possessive below, pronoun) of authors) their Online of in possessive the a own (bibliog. children and where and resulted solo. Chicago. contexts the right cars to is Franklin requires their, (or 7.28: of followed possessive some. unlikely Randy finding with should Words, has daughters) publisher case. 1.2). in All where, Gerunds Gerund, In a changed (or caution. the rights by and lawsuit. the check This See the to Jeffersons aPage if form possessive seem Guests right can gerund also fourth, ain practice, many going with pronoun For is (given be so. 1 The 5.110. publisher clearly lives. solved. the of an there 9/30/2006 New would and 1 in

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.29 several are a The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec029.html : Chicago cousin favorite Spelling, possessive equally Possessive 2003 reserved. and is ofphrase by Compounds implied. acceptable. Jims Manual The Distinctive form with University of of may A of Professor Style friend beTreatment See preceded also Online of of Deams Chicago. Dicks 5.52. 7.29: of ofPossessive by All and where a friend one with of ofof hisPage 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.30 As text, enclosed made the Gone admirers but The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec030.html :with Spelling, Atlantic Chicago Italicized into with 2003 the reserved. and plurals, in of possessive a the by Compounds quotation possessive. Ode Manual Monthlys The Distinctive Winds or when on University quoted of aadmirers sStyle an marks, Grecian should editor italicized Treatment terms Online of however, beChicago. Urn set 7.30: of term in should roman. All never appears Italicized A term inbe roman or quoted 9/30/2006 terms Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.31 In letters. formed take one). with Since apostrophe single brackets system and tis meetn singin dos rock The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec031.html :contractions, Spelling, then and Chicago Contractions no alternative (not n 2003 Webster some reserved. and irregularly. quotation either apostrophe donts Some can deleting roll tis) by Compounds word at Manual be The Distinctive contractions, lists the by processors added, an spellings mark, typing University beginning the (there of apostrophe Colloquialisms many letter Style caution or acommon Treatment being it letter and, automatically such of Online ofis may or normally a Chicago. no contractions, where by as word be before needed; such obvious some 7.31: ofto wont possible appropriate, replaces as the other All change an Contractions or a gonna place opening code apostrophe aint, to along means. an fool omitted or for in plurals. are wanna angle the Page9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.32 As ugh plausible tsk, invented. um atchoo! The shh! http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec032.html :. with Spelling, and Chicago Interjections tsk! . 2003 reserved. and . contractions, pshaw. er spellings by Compounds . . Manual The Distinctive For . University those of should Webster Style not Treatment be Online of found lists sought Chicago. in 7.32: of such in the literature All interjections Interjections dictionary, or Page as 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.33 For forms, between be usually intended dictionarys foreign dictionary), The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec033.html :made; Spelling, end-of-line Chicago Dictionary 2003 reserved. and Webster syllables a words in merely choice by Compounds words Manual system see The Distinctive (other should system word to of chapter University in of supplement, of breaks. of breaks, Webster three than be Style word the 10. Treatment those or The division. Online of as primary indicate more not Chicago. for following given syllables, to 7.33: of spelling guide. where replace, For in All an Dictionary paragraphs word The breaks English and there the division dots plural may is system arein9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.34 Single-syllable and are unite divided, divided The : Chicago Spelling, helped, not Words 2003 cannot reserved. and permissible, only such by Compounds that are Manual be with The Distinctive as should words, never divided. water, University reluctance. ofsuch divided. Style not including women, Words Treatment words be Online of divided Since that and Chicago. as verb again, prayer, 7.34: of may one-letter forms be All Words enough, misread should such that divisions as and be if aimed not be divided Page 1 should http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec034.html of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.35 In Webster, pronunciation knowl-edge democ-racy The :the Spelling, Chicago Dividing 2003 reserved. and usage most by Compounds (not or Manual preferred The Distinctive according words rather de-mocracy know-ledge) University of are than Style by to divided (not Treatment Chicago derivation. pronunciation Online of demo-cracy) Chicago. according and 7.35: ofreflected All Dividing to inaccording to pronunciation Pag e 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec035.html 9/30/2006

About 7 Words, 7.36 Unless best in possible. criti-cism liga-ture aneu-rysm The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec036.html :the Spelling, Chicago Dividing divided the and a middle resulting 15th Diphthongs (rather (or Compounds (rather Manual after Distinctive after of an-eurysm) Edition athan break a word, than of aare vowel. vowel Style |crit-icism) lig-ature) About affects it treated Treatment When should Online t as pronunciation, a vowel run 7.36: of into single forms Dividing vowels. theafirst words syllable after are line a 9/30/2006 vowel if Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.37 Hyphenated or poverty-/stricken thanks-giving dis-pleasure re-inforce The :suffixes Spelling, Chicago Compounds, 2003 reserved. and by Compounds or (rather are Manual (rather The Distinctive closed (rather prefixes, best University (rather than of compounds divided than than Style rein-force) Treatment and than displea-sure) thanksgiv-ing) Online of at suffixes and pov-/erty-stricken) Chicago. the words 7.37: of Compounds, natural Allbreaks. with prefixes prefixes, and suffixes Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec037.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.38 Most before doubled, consonants. The bris-tling fiz-zling run-ning dab-bing giv-ing certify-ing dictionary. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec038.html : Chicago Spelling, Gerunds gerunds 2003 reserved. and the however, by Compounds ing. For Manual and The Distinctive When words present University the ofthe break ending Style participles final Treatment occurs Online ofconsonant in Chicago. ling, between 7.38: of may check All be before Gerunds the divided the the Page ing 1 of is9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.39 Two-letter second losses sur-prises The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec039.html : Chicago Spelling, Two-letter 2003 reserved. and line. (rather by Compounds word (rather Manual The Distinctive than word endings University than of loss-es) endings Style are surpris-es) Treatment best Online of Chicago. not 7.39: of carried All over toword Two-letter a endings 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.40 Proper personal break Many the back that left pronunciation should be instead A (unless JeanAlek-sis Frederick Ana-stasia M.F.K. Elizabeth The :broken personal break Spelling, elements listings Chicago Proper proper of cannot unbroken) 2003 within / reserved. and nouns usually / Merriam-Websters of before Jr. Paul names, Fisher after L. II by Compounds name first nouns be or Manual rather a of Sartre / (or, The Distinctive is name found according follow a Sr. Anderson more should biographical with the not names, number, University and appear, if is of than is initial (or, than in known one necessary, personal a enclosed Style be needed, abetter, vowel. the within to or Jr., Treatment one broken, with Collegiate dictionary or the more or break Online of and element, easily or names consult suggested initials. in Chicago. any guidelines Elizgeographical middle Sr. Jean-Paul if should commas). 7.40: of possible, Dictionary. guessed, should /the especially initials abeth All divisions, If follow Proper elements. dictionary. in / initials be Sartre) names 7.3439. the II) between broken avoided the nouns Those should break in at initials. If are (or and the If agiven personal names Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec040.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.41 Large To made, never 1,365,The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec041.html :avoid Spelling, Chicago Numerals 2003 numbers however, after reserved. and /a000,000 by Compounds break, a single Manual The Distinctive expressed it or University reword should of1,365,000,digit. Style as the come Treatment numerals Online of sentence. only Chicago. / 7.41: after 000 of If are best All a Numerals acomma break leftand intact. must Page beof 1 9/30/2006 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.42 Abbreviations either or 345 24 55 6:35 The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec042.html :BCE the kg Spelling, m Chicago Abbreviations p.m. 2003 reserved. and the abbreviation by Compounds numeral Manual The University Distinctive used with should of should Style numerals Treatment be be Online of carried moved Chicago. are 7.42: of up. bestAbbreviations over All left to the intact; next line Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.62 When referred or Although may example quotation italicizing contradict in than What The Common be. d and Young I :quotation enclosed tat as Spelling, be term Spanish i.e. Chicago Words a literally. is 2003 children subject reserved. and word more foreign below, meant are to italics critical marks by Compounds and what or as in appropriate the verbs not Manual marks The Distinctive by pronouns. phrases term the quotation italics terms use are terms is italicized; are neurobotics? University mass ser word being are her of is used the such and Style used not set in is or in and marks. traditional for said. Treatment abbreviations fact more estar as used term certain off as nor me Online ofoften the amour-propre words the And quoted Chicago. functionally itself, are more English. contexts. foreign in 7.62: of both the choice, used freely the material. it might abbreviations All rendered Words In third, metaphorically is term or than but quotation In the either seem coup and the and is second, the she by to phrases first italicized terms to e.g. and marks used as words Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec062.html 9/30/2006

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 7 reserved. Words, 7.68 usually an Websters single proofreaders gee). called zero; b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec068.html :aitch). bee cee dee ef gee aitch jay kay el em en pee cue ar ess tee vee double-u Spelling, name Chicago Names 2003 you). and italicized Since for set of Collegiate by Compounds of The (an avowels in Manual occasionally The Distinctive letters letter, roman following ee, University letter not of are type, Dictionary as Style an not distinct spellings, is Treatment need oh; without inappropriate. named Online of lc to Chicago. should A; from name in quotation 7.68: of drawn eye, Webster, the be letters All Names from used letter Editors not rights marks invention Merriamonly (a one; of itself, letters (a and cue, where dee, oh, not is isnot a Page 9/30/2006 a 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 7 Words, 7.72 In octave octaves used designated Octaves letters so in with systems be indication C). designate from Scientific capital = designation To chords), are middle A the C The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec072.html :indicate C4). 440 + technical on, descending alerted Spelling, Technical sometimes sopranos E Chicago Octaves system, subscript A1 2003 + reserved. and register. or When C begin from bearing and at letters G the c., all Compounds by to early the works their pitches system simultaneously Manual works, middle pitches The Distinctive each lowercase c., order, the works pitches joined high numbers: bottom superscript and Those in on University and variants system ascending is C of various C the on music subscripts are in are by up so with of unnecessary. Style systems the the letters: capital C, text otherwise plus are on. employed the listed Treatment usually C1, in modern capital sounding systems octave numbers Online octave designated Lower of keyboard signs. current that C2. beginning Chicago. letters the from c, (for piano designate specified, below octaves Because letters 7.72: of are group on c#, or symbol pitches lowest use, to C. primes: example, used d, with and usually All middle C88 with Octaves pitches In .to are of readers used and capital octaves (as to one . lowercase at another the C0 .in c1, designated, subscripts, highest designate C by for the widely , (middle Page by are many a#, c2, should an letters middle top. by 1and b. of C9/30/2006 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy over: beer-drinking post: pre: post-Vietnam pro: Pre-Raphaelite proto: Canadian pseudo: re: pseudo-Tudor (as semi: socio: sub: super: supra: trans: supra-American transatlantic, ultra: un: ultraevangelical under: The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch07/ch07_sec090.html reedit, distinct unfunded, Chicago premodern, proindustrial, subbasement, overmagnified, postdoctoral, semiopaque, protolanguage, socioeconomic, superannuated, supranational, transsocietal, ultrasophisticated, underemployed, Policy pseudotechnocrat, reunify, Manual from unneutered, |preregistration, but recover, semiconductor, subzero, trans-American of postmodernism, promarket, overshoes, reproposition, protogalaxy, sociocultural, supervirtuoso, suprarenal, transmembrane, underrate, Style pseudomodern, but recreation) subcutaneous ultraorganized, Online un-English, but overconscientious prewar, but undercount supraorbital, posttraumatic, pro-life, protomartyr 7.90: but semi-invalid sociolinguistics superpowerful transcontinental, but re-cover, preempt, Overview ununionized probut but 8 of recreation Page 9/30/2006 8

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The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.4: Context http://www.chicagomanualofstyle. 1 of 1the org/ch08/ch08_sec004.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 10:31 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.4 Although categories publications, certain the editors follow : President Names Context 2003 the official must the and byuse illustrated guidelines. pattern Thediscretion Terms no may such (as University appropriately of opposed pattern in capitalization this and of to can chapter Chicago. literary) be judgment be capitalized. universally chosen may All in contexts, prove deciding rights for Writers adaptable applied. the the when various College and In to to most or

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.5: Spelling http://www.chicagomanualofstyle 1 of 1the .org/ch08/ch08_sec005.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 10:31 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.5 For follows or Dictionary. in other different the :America, the Names Spelling names writer 2003 useful biographical the and of sources by or spelling For among well-known reference The Terms editor living University other (e.g., section inworks.) must persons, deceased Merriam-Websters sources. W. make of E. ofa Merriam-Websters Where B. Chicago. consult persons, (See choice DuBois different bibliog. Whos and All versus Chicago Biographical stick rights Who 4.1 spellings W. Collegiate generally or with for E. Whos B. Dictionary these it. appear Du Who Bois), andin

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.6: Capitalization http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec006.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 10:32 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.6 Names between used Jane George P. M. The LBJ capitalsfor is respected capitalized, lowercased names.) begin george! :the D. F. Names Capitalization space names alone, Doe 2003 and James K. a S. strong the For sentence. Fisher are and initials between McGovern of in by his last with obvious certain example, appropriate however, usually The Terms preference name. initial or University initials Also, of without reasons, writers (Library lowercased. persons, bell since names and of contexts. should hooks. periods. the one of the occasionally a catalogs used real lowercased Chicago. bearer of name, be If E. his in or the such E. such fictitious, except of publishers, usually All same Cummings appear unconventional the name expressions rights as when name, capitalize should the without can are initials not it space be not capitalized. should he as spelling himself, all by are be such

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.7: English names with particles http://www. 1 of 1the chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec007.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 10:32 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, Pierre-Charles Abraham Wernher Stephen Robert 1993, 8 reserved. 8.7 Many include with and other particle always the preceded Thomas Diana Alfonse Walter Daphne Page W. John :E. Names English confirmation full names regard duBois; Le 2003 authoritative DeGette; B. van capitalized De de du M. Ten von Van particles DAmato; Carr is name. by Du and Quincey; la Maurier; La Gulik; by borne Broeck; Braun; Rensselaer; names to generally de. Bois; Mare; duBois Follette; ;Terms The LEnfant; capitalizing Le DeGette See by should DAmato van University with such is Du Carr von when De Du Ten people source. also always Bois Gulik retained, Quincey la Maurier Braun particles as La Broeck Van be beginning LEnfant 8.1020. Mare de, (but Follette in sought Rensselaer and When capitalized, of English-speaking d, see Chicago. spacing capitalized the de in a 8.5) sentence) la, a surname biographical the Allare von, as particles or rights is van, and countries lowercased used La spaced and dictionary alone, varies ten. L, as (though when Practice the in widely, or not

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.8: Hyphenated and extended names http://www 1 of 1the .chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec008.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 10:32 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.8 A more names reliable Victoria begins. Ralph Ludwig John but Mies Charlotte : Hyphenated hyphenated Names elements Hope 2003 of Vaughan Mies prominent alphabetical Sackville-West; and Franklin; Perkins by van last The Terms should Williams; and der University name Gilman; extended or Rohe; Franklin never historical listings or Vaughan Sackville-West abe Mies Gilman names last of shorn usually van Chicago. Williams name figures, der ofthat one indicate Rohe All (not Webster consists of (not rights its Williams) where van elements. and of der other the two Rohe); last or Forname

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.9: Native American names http://www.chicago 1 of 1the manualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec009.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 10:33 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.9 When the : Prophet Names Native definite Little the 2003 English and byarticle, American Turtle Theform Terms University names of aremains the Native of Chicago. American lowercase. All name rights is formed with

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.10: Context http://www.chicagomanualofstyle 1 of 1the .org/ch08/ch08_sec010.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 10:33 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.10 The these : following Names Context 2003and would by beparagraphs The Terms used University in anfocus English-language ofon Chicago. non-English All context. rights personal names as

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.11: French names http://www.chicagomanualof 1 of 1the style.org/ch08/ch08_sec011.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 10:33 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.11 The a often is with Alexis Alfred Charles but When always contraction and begins Jean capitalized.) Ren Philippe without Gustave Initials Jean-Paul hyphenated. Since guidelines common :suggested sentence). Names particles capitalized -Robert French closed-up dAlembert; de the 2003 dropped. there de retained with forms. de la La the Le du article standing and Tocqueville; Musset; Sartre; by Gaulle; precedes Fontaine; Bon; and names du closed-up Cavelier Puy first is When by The Terms de Its de, is considerable examples tradition when de Le and dAlembert le University the Musset usually name. for J.-P. occasional such de Clinchamps; Bon a accompanies d the La de last Gaulle name, Du, aTocqueville are as Fontaine La hyphenated Sartre; above last rather lowercased such name Debussy, Salle; lowercased la variation of retention, name merely is as Du Chicago. is athan Sartre usually Dupont, La Puy name, used is given the in Salle represent logic. used de in (except alone, d a it All in Clinchamps name French is capitalized full the alone. is de rights (When always d capitalized should at de Gaulle, name the is usage, the (but The (When a always most capitalized.) but name also beginning and not for the isname a begins is with be d) is example, retained or of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.12: German, Italian, and Portugue... http:/ 1 of 1the /www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec012.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:32 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.12 In Portuguese the Alexander Maximilian Heinrich Ludwig Giovanni Friedrich Vasco Luca Leonardo but :the Names last one German, della 2003 da original van familiar name Friedrich Gama; da and von by names von Beethoven; Robbia; Verrazano; Vinci; Italian, The Terms is Humboldt; Steuben; Spee; da languages, are used to University Gama Karl della Leonardo English lowercased Spee and alone. Beethoven Verrazano von Humboldt von Robbia Portuguese particles Steuben speakers, und of zum But Chicago. and if Stein; are the names in itform German, usually All should Stein rights with Italian, dropped be the used. particle when and is

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.13: Dutch names http://www.chicagomanualofs 1 of 1the tyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec013.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:33 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.13 In lowercased when Joannes Pieter Vincent Gerard :English Names Dutch only 2003 van ter van and the by names usage, when den Borch; Keulen; Gogh; The Terms last Keere; full University the Van Ter name Van names particles Van Gogh Borch isden Keulen are used. of Keere given Chicago. van, van usually but All rights den, ter, capitalized and the like are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.14: Spanish names http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec014.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:33 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, both Montalvo. however, alphabetizing, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.14 Many mothers (and). are only to Jos Pascual Federico Manuel Bartolom Spanish Tom Traditionally, with de. Carmen Gonzalo Alberto :use Names usually s If, family Spanish one, Ortega are their 2003 de When both. de Mendoza Ortiz family for Fern Pe no family Torquemada; Garc as treated Many and according Falla; de a by husbands names, longer the referred y Lorca) example, Montalvo, names Las ndez The Terms Gasset; Rubio; asee modern names married (de) names, given Lorca; Falla in Casas; University de to take 18.82. are to the Pe to Torquemada Ortiz that (first) Mar Oviedo; Mar women name Ortega she a composed in their Garc women their by same Las or, athat a include could is both Rubio Carmen in Carmen a Casas if of own y way replaced family Fern husbands omitted, Lorca Spanish-speaking order, Gasset the Chicago. of family change preference. or as an ndez Mendoza both Mendoza husband Ortiz analogous (known name, article, sometimes or their persons names de her family the All Ortega sometimes Oviedo Salinas (de) among legal was fathers mothers rights but It aname. French with well countries, joined is Pe preposition, sometimes Anglophones, name married a never such preceded known For and names. family to byincorrect the names Mar y Juan by name or by a

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.15: Russian names http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec015.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:34 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.15 Russian sometimes of Ulyanov; only name appears :the Names Russian the should 2003 family. family in his given and take by the be names sister The Terms names, different For name listed text. University example, was and aspatronymic under Maria well endings Lenins the of asfamily Ilyinichna Chicago. middle for are real male used; name, names All name Ulyanova. andwhether rights in (patronymics), female was the Vladimir In index members or text, not the Ilyich often this

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.16: Hungarian names http://www.chicagomanua 1 of 1the lofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec016.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:34 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.16 In namefor contexts, Moln :Hungarian Names Hungarian r, 2003 Zolt example, and however, bypractice nTerms The names KodMoln University ly. such the rnames Ferenc, family of are Chicago. Kod name usually ly precedes Zolt All invertedFerenc rights n.the In given English

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.17: Arabic names http://www.chicagomanualof 1 of 1the style.org/ch08/ch08_sec017.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:34 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.17 Surnames than Abd, as be Syed 18.74. Aziz Tawfiq Names the Harun kunyah, :dropped Mc Names first Arabic family ibn, Abu ibn 2003 or of al-Rashid; al-Hakim; arulers of Fitz Zafar Saud; and al-, part name by when names Arabic names) The Terms are or Nadvi; Ibn of taken the of al-Hakim Harun University el-. parts the origin are Saud older surname on Abu name often Since (al-Rashid, of his times, (which Zafar certain rather is accession ofused prefixed these Chicago. Nadvi however, are than are English Rightly alone. strictly by to integral the All such are the names, See second. Guided, rights often caliphate) surnames elements also parts they shortened 10.98, was of rather as should aAbu, Haruns name, to notjust

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.18: Chinese names http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec018.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:35 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.18 In name. names Chinese pinyin Chiang 10.100103. Mao Li Du Anthony but Tang :Fu; Chinese Bo; Names Tse-tung; Chinese Tsou; 2003 (This of and Kai-shek; Li Du origin Yu; Chinese and (pinyin) by practice, Wade-Giles Tsou practice Yu names The Terms Mao whose persons Chiang University (Wade-Giles) the should names systems (Wade-Giles) family but have be of not of followed Chicago. name been withanglicized.) transliteration, comes those in All before English of rights persons the For see contexts given use of ofwith the

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.19: Japanese names http://www.chicagomanual 1 of 1the ofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec019.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:35 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.19 In Japanese writing Tajima Yoshida Noriaki but :Japanese Names Japanese 2003 Yumiko; in Shigeru; Kurosawa; names and by English usage The Terms names are Tajima Yoshida University the Kurosawa sometimes or family westernized, persons of name ofChicago. Japanese precedes All however, origin the rights given living byname. authors in the West.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.20: Other Asian names http://www.chicagoman 1 of 1the ualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec020.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:36 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.20 In writer in see name :short some Names 18.75, Other rather in 2003 Pramoedya Asian all form and by Asian 18.79, than references ThePramoedya Terms countries, as names by Ananta University 18.83, a surname or Toer, people 18.84. consult (not of orIf for Chicago. are as family example, an Toer). in usually expert. doubt, name. All For would known rights use Thethe further be byreferred Indonesian their full examples, form given toof a

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.21: Capitalization: the general rule http:/ 1 of 1the /www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec021.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:36 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.21 Civil, when name). used examples. President General Cardinal Dean Governors Although (e.g., avoided given, Dick mentioned. : Names Capitalization: they as in Mueller; Durbin, 2003 military, Titles Vice it part place Bradley; in Newman; both and immediately For Lincoln; Edgar need by formal President of senator The Terms are of abbreviated the first not the and religious, a the University normally dean prose. name the be name Ryan; and the general cardinal from precede Dick repeated president (but second general (usually Note forms, the Illinois; lowercased Cheney), and of see aeach governors also names Chicago. professional personal rule 8.22). see replacing that such time Senator 15.1118. may when See once All name be usage a following persons the 8.2529 used Durbin; rights titles a and is title title after are generally are for name Durbin aholders has thus name a capitalized many title been is or first

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.22: Exceptions to the general rule http://w 1 of 1the ww.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec022.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:36 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.22 In displayed corporate even called or Maria A in Ladies I Thank :direct title would formal politics. such Names Exceptions when 2003 Martinez, you, for and used contexts have and contexts list officers following address. bydone in Gentlemen, Mr. alone, The Terms promotional of President. to Director as University donors it, the as in inCaptain, a opposed an personal toast the general place in annual of oror Prime the International other of to rule name. a but Chicago. front report, a Minister. running formal personal contexts the Exceptions matter ship titles introduction, All text, Sales name, for was rights of such are ais may reasons sinking. book usually asor also capitalized aof or be when acourtesy capitalized list used only of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.23: Titles used in apposition http://www.ch 1 of 1the icagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec023.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:37 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, former chief the Secretary but 1993, 8 reserved. 8.23 When part lowercased. German : then globe-trotting Names empress Titles a of operating 2003 presidents title chancellor the secretary of and by used name Elizabeth State is The Terms officer used in but Reagan University Gerhard pope of Albright apposition in as state ofSusan John apposition a and Austria descriptive Schr Madeleine (see Paul Clinton of Raymond der Chicago. 8.25) II before Albright tag, All aand personal rights often with name,the, not it as is

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.24: Text use http://www.chicagomanualofstyl 1 of 1the e.org/ch08/ch08_sec024.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:37 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.24 The show appear 8.34. : lists Names Text various 2003 in text and use in bytitles the The Terms rather sections University and than words that inof related a follow, Chicago. formal to obviously listing All rights them as orthey not heading. exhaustive, mightSee also

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.25: Civil titles http://www.chicagomanualof 1 : style.org/ch08/ch08_sec025.html 8 8.25 Washington Kumaratunga, Mrs. Quiroga, State Byrd; Ohio Hyde, Congressman (R-Ill.); Congresswoman representative; Representatives; capitalized) States; Justice Jamess Lader Governor Olga Richard Takenaka former minister the ofpremier Names president; vice secretary senator; representative; Speaker; associate chief ambassador; governor; mayor; state governor minister; prime 2representative Civil Kumaratunga (or Parker Powell Senators 9/30/2006 prime President Vice Chief Ginsburg; or Schreyer president; vice D-OH; Minner (not and Maxine justice; judge; senator; representative minister; titles administration ambassador Richard Hyde (of president President or the Dennis general minister Terms president of Waters; Justice justice; Ruth Heizo normally George Byrd see Secretary Representatives Philip a 11:37 state; senator or Waters, Speaker Henry Washington; Justices Canadian 15.31) William Ann M. Olga Richard and Rep. Hastert, Takenaka, the from of Washington, the Rehnquist to Daley, of AM of Cheney; Ruth Tonigan, Lader, Minner, used of Colin Trent; congressman; Parker, Canada; Right from Henry representative Hastert the (same Canada; (see Sri Powell Illinois congresswoman Bolivia; H. Ginsburg province); Cheney, Bader as Speaker United mayor the Lanka; Powell, West Rehnquist, ambassador Japanese Honourable also vice-presidential Sen. Hyde governor pattern a Hyde (see chief Ohio the (Speaker Tony title first presidency; Ginsburg, Virginia; or of 8.23); vice Vice John (R-IL) and Kingdom; Right President the and of also state secretary congressman judge; Chicago; Blair, the as economics preceding president from or the Souter of president President Glenn, congresswoman; Waters chief to Pierre is 8.69) state Honourable Chandrika or the senator; House associate the Senator California; traditionally Judge Ambassador the presidential; Rep. Kumaratunga justice state Mayor of Democrat Court senator) Elliott duties; minister; British the from of of Quiroga state; Henry Tonigan the the Robert of Daley Edward name) Roy the justice; of Illinois; of Henry Delaware; Honorable Trudeau, United Jorge from Hyde St. prime United Secretary the or Mr. the C. Unitedof

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.25: Civil titles http://www.chicagomanualof 2 of 2the style.org/ch08/ch08_sec025.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:37 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, Romanow reserved. Parliament preceding Congress; British as the Brown For 15.18. Chancellor achancellor; member chief foreign chancellor Lord use title 2003 foreign of Privy the whip; Yengeni by of or, preceding the Schr secretary The Parliament name); more of Seal Honorable Tony secretary; Gerhard der University the commonly, (UK; Jane Yengeni, the (UK); exchequer Schr (UK name) always and Doe, the the of and similar der, Jane chief the German Chicago. foreign (UK); capitalized) Canada); chancellor Doe, member whip terms foreign Gordon MP minister All of Jane for (not of the rights Brown; of West minister respect, Doe, used African Germany; (other Hamage member Chancellor as(not see a title National nations); of 8.35, used the

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.26: Titles of sovereigns and other... http: 1 of 1the //www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec026.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:38 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.26 See King Queen Commonwealth Hamad Wilhelm the Il:Duce Names also Holy shah sharif paramount f Titles Abdullah; 2003 Elizabeth; bin hrer II, (used 8.34. Roman of and Isa by of (Adolf of Iran emperor context, The Terms al-Khalifa, Mecca chief only sovereigns the Emperor Elizabeth University Hitler) king of ofthe Benito Basutoland Germany; ofemir and Queen) Jordan II; of Mussolini; other the of Chicago. Kaiser Bahrain; queen rulers Wilhelm both All (in Sheik rights a i II; British and Hamad the d capitalized) kaiser

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.27: Military titles http://www.chicagomanua 1 of 1the lofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec027.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:38 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.27 Union General ambiguity) commander to Staff officer Carmichael the New For appropriate 15.15. :avoid Names general; General admiral; chairman; captain; sergeant; warrant chief private; British York abbreviations, Military 2003 army; Bradley (NCO) ambiguity) City; and of petty by General of officer; general; in General Chester the Captain Private The Terms titles Richard Sergeant the General material (General officer; Pacific University Army; often Grant; Ulysses W. Frank Warrant T. General B. Carleton Nimitz, C. in Omar of Fleet Myers, Chief used the LeClaire, Alhambra which the of S. Officer Sir N. when commander (Fleet Petty Chicago. Grant, Army Fleet chairman C. Bradley, Guy many Singer; a always company John Officer Carleton, title Admiral; Admiral military commander All in of General Carmichael; athe precedes chief capitalized rights commander noncommissioned Tannenbaum always Admiral British titles Joint in ofa chief the capitalized Chiefs Mr. name appear, Nimitz, commander to Army; of avoid and the of seein

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.28: Quasi-military titles http://www.chicag 1 of 1the omanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec028.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:38 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.28 Titles merchant way the Day Doe : warden; Names as chief Quasi-military 2003 and military marine, and of by ranks Jane police; The Terms titles. used or Doe, University titles the Frederick inSalvation warden organizations ofDay, Chicago. the Army Lake state such are All Bluff penitentiary; treated as rights the the chief police, ofsame police; Warden the Chief

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.29: Religious titles http://www.chicagomanu 1 of 1the alofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec029.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:38 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.29 George; patriarchate diocese the See : also Names rabbi; cantor sheikh; imam; ayatollah; Dalai sadhu; pope; cardinal; patriarch; archbishop; bishop; minister; rector; Religious 2003 the 8.35. and Imam Lama Pope by Rabbi or the Sheikh sacred the The Terms hazzan; Francis the titles Shamil Ayatollah (traditionally guru; John Cyrillus the bishop Reverend Avraham University Reverend Ibrahim college Paul archbishop the Deborah Cardinal of Lucaris, Yitzhak Khomeini shaman II; James Toledo; el-Zak of Shirley of the Bard, capitalized); cardinals George of Williams Chicago. ha-Kohen papacy; patriarch Zaky Canterbury; Bishop Stoops cantor; or, (see All papal Donovan; Kuk; less (see of Cantor but rights also Constantinople; Archbishop the formally, also previous bishopric; 15.18) rabbinate Bard 15.18) dalaithe Cardinal Temple lamas

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.30: Corporate and organizational t... http: 1 of 1the //www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec030.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:39 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.30 Titles rarely appositional Caterham Press Township the Kenilworth : secretary-treasurer; Names generic chief director; school Corporate 2003 ofHigh used Corporation; and persons executive by superintendent; Kennel as term use, The Terms Beverly School and part or University holding see Society organizational of simply officer; District 8.23. the Jarrett, a Georgina name. offices CEO a Susan Allan of personal of If director Chicago. the Alson, titles such a Fido, Franklin, short corporation name as of superintendent secretary-treasurer All those form suffices. the rights chief is University listed required, operating For below of ofof Evanston either are officer Missouri the of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.31: Academic titles http://www.chicagomanua 1 of 1the lofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec031.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:39 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.31 the literature; Professor Mr. Chicago; Learning; named Service Anthony University; professors emeritae emeritus simply : professor; Names chair; provost; Saller president; dean; professor Academic 2003 professorships; mean Professor Grafton, Mr. (fem.); and and Norris Joyce Dean by James emeriti Professor retired.) Richard Randel emerita The Terms titles emeritus Fran Don Feucht-Haviar Feucht-Haviar, R. Dodge Professor University in Michael (masc. oise Norris, or P. the are Meltzer Wendy Grafton President Professor (masc.); Saller, Meltzer, Divinity honorary or Randel, Emerita chair Doniger, of masc. dean Chicago. provost the Randel of professor of School; designations president and Neugarten of History, professor the Mircea the fem.); of All Department Professor the College of Eliade rights of Princeton (Note emerita professors comparative University and thedo of Distinguished that ofnot University Doniger; Extended (fem.); Chemistry; of Chicago; of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.32: Other academic designations http://www. 1 of 1the chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec032.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:39 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.32 Terms freshman Names senior junior sophomore referred a administration : Names masters Other 2003 denoting of or degrees, to and by academic degree; first-year generically. The Terms student (MBA) University fellowships, adesignations doctorate; status student See also of are and Chicago. a lowercased. 15.21. fellowship; the like Allare rights master lowercased of business when

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.33: Civic and academic honors http://www.ch 1 of 1the icagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec033.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:39 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.33 Titles following abbreviations, Laurence fellowship : Names Civic 2003 denoting L. and a by and personal Bongie, The Terms academic see civic University 15.22. Fellow name. orhonors academic For of of the awards, Chicago. honors Royal see Society All are 8.89; rights capitalized of for Canada; when the

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.34: Titles of nobility http://www.chicagoma 1 of 3 9/30/2006 11:40 AM nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec034.html

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.34: Titles of nobility http://www.chicagoma 2 of 3the nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec034.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:40 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy 8 8.34 Unlike titles or integral name in used generic dukes usage consult and Burkes 4.1). Cooper, Shaftesbury; Shaftesbury Baroness Dame Lady the Fran Note are So-and-So, from illustrates The Gascoyne-Cecil, Cranborne, to :a an the Names for prince; duke; marquess; marchioness; earl; countess viscount; baron; baronet; Honourable duc count; comte addressed, 5th Titles and title, alone Judi So-and-So Olivia ois that Burkes admiral). but such See most of Barony Policy term The a Genealogical 7th de Marquess and, are Thatcher; de and nobility not comprehensive also the Dench; de marquesses, as niceties Lord Guise Count at Dorset, of however Times Prince (or So-and-So Lorraine, the therefore used (wife the Toulouse Genealogical Terms with a in duchess; the Earl Viscount least of | nobility the 8.26. (wife Jessica and Whether short seventh) Rutland complexities K.G., Site the Dame knight; (lowercased Helmuth of Ogle alone Guide Marquess titles do rare Charles; of Lady referred and (the may in Salisbury case and Marchioness of Map not form Shaftesbury; an Judi (daughter duc earls, P.C.), usually the Eccles; So-and-So British Baron inherited exceptions, remains be to listing Thatcher a duke, Heraldic Earl earl); Sir von mentioned denote of marquess, de and disregarded.) English Duke of (a the to nonroyal John in Guise Moltke viscounts, of Earl Cecil the Bath; of conferred Heraldic (Sir capitalized. the Lord after usage. capitalized consult Prince and the of accordance British offices of Shaftesbury; (a (daughter or name. History Euston; of earl, Style Lord a Robert of in permanent Duchess Lord Bath; Countess Eccles conferred earl, or conferred, duke, first Salisbury, dukes; The Essendon, the of Graf History (In the Shaftesbury; title) barons, noble (such etc.), For and Bath of Wales Lady Sir baron, following Arthur previous marquess, of with mention, The British in latest of Helmuth in further Usage the of part previous title) John a nomenclature. as the Windsor Bath of they generic is North Shaftesbury; baron) French and Wilts; Rutland; Peerage or James that the of lowercased case (bibliog. edition paragraphs, usage, baronet) von baronesses as entry, form advice Anthony or a American Peerage, of earls usage); Lord Viscount persons element of earl) Moltke; (bibliog. co-heir aof an the royal drawn president or 1.1), Ashley of Lady when Lady

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.34: Titles of nobility http://www.chicagoma 3 of 3 9/30/2006 nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec034.html Copyright 2006 by 11:40 TheAM University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 2003 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.35: Terms of respect http://www.chicagomanu 1 of 1the alofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec035.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:40 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.35 Honorific Forms Merriam-Websters 15.18. capitalization. Congress, the governor Pandit Mahatma Her Mr. Madam Your sir, but my :lord, Names use Honorable Right First Queen (His, Most President Terms (Her, Honor maam 2003 Speaker of The Nehru of Gandhi general Reverend my and titles Address, etc.) Honourable Lady Mother Your) by of many following His) lady The Terms respect Olympia such See Majesty; Excellency and or University Collegiate John a also prime respectful terms examples Joseph-Jacques comprehensive J. A.Snowe 8.29. His minister) Donovan inDictionary. of (Her, formal are (U.S. Chicago. forms intended (Roman Your) listing Jean correspondence, senator, of Chr All address For Royal Catholic merely at rights abbreviations, tien member the Highness are to bishop) (Canadian back capitalized. see illustrate of of see For

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.36: Epithets, or nicknames http://www.chica 1 of 1the gomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec036.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:41 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.36 A persons Stonewall Catherine Babe the When quotation Parentheses George Jenny Ivan : Swedish characterizing Names Sun Wizard Young Great Epithets, Ruth the used IV, 2003 Lind, Herman King name Terrible the and Emancipator Jackson Pretender Commoner the in marks by of Nightingale are the addition The Terms is Menlo Great Babe Terrible or and unnecessary. word capitalized. Swedish University nicknames Park placed Ruth or Nightingale to phrase a name, either of used Chicago. an within epithet as part Allafter or is rights of, enclosed or the instead name. in of, a

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.37: Temporary epithets http://www.chicagoma 1 of 1the nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec037.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:41 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.37 When historian the 8.23). : historian Names Temporary preceding 2003should and by William The Terms epithets a name, be University lowercased McNeill role-denoting of (not and Chicago. treated Historian epithets All asMcNeill) rights such if inas apposition citizen or (see

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.38: Epithets as names of characters http:// 1 of 1the www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec038.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:41 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.38 In titles John Alices :references Names Epithets Barrymore 2003 used encounters and by into The Terms as place performed names works University with ofof names the brilliantly characters drama Red of are Chicago. or Queen normally fiction, as and Chief All the capitalized. epithets rights Executioner. Mad Hatter or generic

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.39: Kinship names http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec039.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:42 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.39 Kinship personal names, my the Lets I Please, No, but She Sorry, are A monastery, They We : believe certain father asked learned Names Bront my adores treated Kinship welcomed 2003 write however, son, sweetheart! names Dad, terms name Mother and Grandmothers Brother by sisters her . that to Im similarly. names lets . The Terms are or mother used their Aunt aunt . are afraid Superior the are University lowercased Thomas, go. in always Maud. new Holy used connection not. middle rector, to Father alone, (Appositional one lowercased. (Lowercased speak of unless of name Chicago. Father was in with the first. they place was on brothers religious Smith. his Marie. after use; All immediately of way. rights a see apersonal from pronoun) offices 8.23) the precede Franciscan name. or callings aPet

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.40: Personification http://www.chicagomanua 1 of 1the lofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec040.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:42 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.40 The and capitals The Greenleaf In but It :was springtime, Names poetic hence Personification Night 2003 a battle for and capitalizing Whittier) bysuch device is The Terms Mother nature between University of a purpose giving of is them, the head at its abstractions is Day, ofbest is and Chicago. rare best. / The heart; confined inWinter todays reason All to the rights attributes of finally writing. quoted the Spring material. won. of The persons, use of (John

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.41: Capitalization http://www.chicagomanual 1 of 1the ofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec041.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:42 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.41 Names associated or Aborigines; African American Arabs; Asians; Caucasians; Chicanos; European the French Hispanics; Inuit; Italian Jews; 8.42) Latinos; Native New Hopis; Pygmies; Romanys; Many current Indians Peoples. :its Names British; French; Zealanders; Capitalization American 2003 of a absence, Arabian Canadians Inuit Americans; a Asian Americans; Jew; term may ethnic Indians; Americans Hopi; a and a by with a Latino; Pygmy; Romany; an Chicano; a be aIndians Hispanic sculpture Jewish Native The Terms influence Caucasian Frenchman; Aborigine; British Hopi more and these see New University an Native Pygmy African an a the national 8.42. ethnicity Zealand customs Americans, appropriate. American a Latina; names Italian prefer person Chicana Romany in (see peoples aAboriginal American American the Frenchwoman are immigration of groups also Latino American Indian or, American (see people West; and Chicago. also Canadians colloquially, 8.43) poetry also in are culture immigration capitalized. art (see an Indians certain neighborhood capitalized. Asian 8.104) All (see text often (see rights American text to historical below) aspeak also the For Britisher, below) (see Adjectives more hyphenation 8.4243) ofworks also First a Brit

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.42: Use of hyphen http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec042.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:42 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.42 Whether Chinese hyphenated hyphen doubts does above, 7.90, : Names Use not 2003 section being that it terms American, of aid and may by has hyphen hyphenation regarded comprehension The Terms such be 1, been omitted under University and as the African the by proper subject represents some unless like inof American, as such nouns should Chicago. of the suggestive considerable bias, terms writer and beadjectives. Italian All spelled but as prefers of those rights since bias. American, controversy, open mentioned the it. Chicago or hyphen See also the

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.43: Color http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.o 1 of 1the rg/ch08/ch08_sec043.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:43 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.43 Designations though prefers black white Negro, but Caucasian, : Names Color 2003 people, capitalization Negroes it. and by Caucasians See based The Terms blacks, whites also University loosely 8.41. may be people onof appropriate color Chicago. color are usually Allthe if rights lowercased, writer strongly

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.44: Class http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.o 1 of 1the rg/ch08/ch08_sec044.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:44 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.44 Terms blue-collar the homeless : proletariat Names middle upper-middle aristocracy Class 2003 denoting people and by class; workers The Terms socioeconomic class; University a middle-class an upper-middle-class of Chicago. classes neighborhood or groups All rights family are lowercased.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.45: Physical characteristics http://www.chi 1 of 1the cagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec045.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:44 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.45 Terms characteristic wheelchair blind deaf Some themselves group lowercase to See :those Names also Physical children writers 2003 describing persons whose deaf 10.145. and it by users as primary capitalize when The Terms characteristics members people orgroups University a referring disability language who ofdeaf or the prefer individuals to ofpeople when distinct is are Chicago. ASLthe oral referring usually methods linguistic who according Deaf All have lowercased. to rights communityand of people a communication. to acultural and hearing physical who loss identify or

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.46: Spelling http://www.chicagomanualofstyl 1 of 1the e.org/ch08/ch08_sec046.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:44 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.46 For Geographical such and to name, not Himalayas). :the Names the cities editors with Spelling a 2003 it reference period spelling is other and by often should capitalized Dictionary The Terms under names of change, work University attempt names discussion. (the cannot (bibliog. with however, of toa Philippines; of places, be use city Chicago. current Note 4.2). even the name consult that form the Since in All (e.g., the when most every of rights Merriam-Websters names Vatican; the recent The detail. precedes of appropriate Hague) countries edition the Writers abut of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.47: Continents, countries, cities, ... http 1 of 1the ://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec047.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:45 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.47 Entities adjectives Asia; Ireland; the California; Chicago; Atlantic South : Netherlands; Names Continents, 2003 Asian China that Irish Chicagoan Ocean; and by and Californian Sea The Terms appear nouns Atlantic countries, Dutch University on mapscities, derived of Chicago. are from always them. oceans, capitalized, Alland rights such as are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.48: Points of the compass http://www.chicag 1 of 1the omanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec048.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:45 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.48 Compass they pointing to southwesterly :fly Names Points simply 2003 east; points toward and by of indicate an The Terms the and the eastward University compass terms north; direction derived move; a north ofin or Chicago. from location. the wind; them southwest All a are northern But rights lowercased seeFrance; of 8.50. if climate

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.49: Regional terms http://www.chicagomanual 1 of 1the ofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec049.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:45 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.49 Regional accepted are terms, the : East; Names usually Northwest; Regional 2003 however, terms as and eastern; by proper capitalized. The Terms terms (often northwestern are University names an usually based easterner butlowercased. Adjectives on ofpoints do Chicago. not (but normally and see ofSee nouns Allalso the also rights compass) appear derived 8.50) 8.48, onfrom that mapssuch 8.50. are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.50: Patterns and variations http://www.chic 1 : agomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec050.html 8 8.50 The in and but Antarctica; lowercased arctic Central Illinois; referring Continent Britain); Eastern East (referring Europe War Guinea Indians) Passage, northern American Southern Far polar contexts); Asia; South the of 8.24 Names following usage. Swiss alpine Arctic; continental East, II equator, Great Midwest, North, Northern North poles; South, Southwest, continent); 2Africa); Patterns (or, regions South 9/30/2006 weather (but division (formerly America, (referring but northwestern; Africa; continent; California); and Alps; central to (meaning Continental eastern, formerly Plains; pastures when to northern; southern; the the Eastern Africa, also the equatorial midwestern, Hemisphere; Terms and examples the Iran, (see in Northwest, North Deep southeastern, southern the Antarctic Arctic used United of but 11:46 Central political Spanish North variations Chicago; France; eastern the in an to more Europe); also French in Iraq, Europe the South; South Southern metaphorically, Northern, Pole, Southern, continental cuisine, easterner, the northern Northeast AM illustrate the Circle; States; North America, common, climate; North Antarctica; Africa American Guinea) a northern Circle; central United Orient etc.); the African Alps; Rockies division when midwesterner the see eastward, (not Africa, southwestern California Pacific Atlantic, Arctic the but plains; Northerner North a south (referring 8.65) the referring North Brazil an States); and the Southerner not always the countries; Europe California (referring (see continent continental Alpine of Near the as eastern Asian Eastern Equatorial North Polar of only Antarctic waters; to Northwest, American, World the (a also in a Arctic) France; (considered logical) (but as East), turn the (in northern political (U.S.); to the village We culture); plains African ice opposed (in 8.57) central War of seaboard, Hemisphere; (see to the acap; Central East, east American principles are breakfast Continent mass Europe, Middle Current; American the I) postWorld the southern based (but below Southeast (if having (direction) countries, Atlantic to North division); the Southeast, Republic a of Asia; the Northwest Europe cultural in Great East Eastern Plains Civil on Arctic but Far for South Middle eastern Equatorial Civil sketched the part context central on Coast East, route; when War of Alps), in Pole; air (but the War of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.50: Patterns and variations http://www.chic 2 of 2the agomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec050.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:46 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, entity reserved. Neotropical; Michigan); the entity); westward tropics, West; 2003 as(direction), the much the byWest, the tropical; subtropical The Occident; as a upper University West geographical reaches athe the Coast westerner Upper Tropic Western of (of Egypt; Chicago. the term) ofworld the Thames Cancer; theAll U.S.); Upper (considered rights the west, Peninsula Neotropics, western, a cultural (of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.51: Popular names http://www.chicagomanualo 1 : fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec051.html 8 8.51 Popular Quotation may contexts Back Silicon Skid Certain entities the ofiron Names be Badger Badlands Bay Beltway Bible Cape Delta Eastern East Eternal Fertile Gaza Gulf Holy Jewish Lake Left Loop Old Panhandle Promised Rust South Sun Twin Upper Village West Wild Windy 2 used Popular Bay Row 9/30/2006 names Area World Valley Belt terms where Strip City District Bank (Chicago) Belt Cities End West are curtain and marks Belt Side Seas West City State Quarter of Shore City Crescent names Land lowercased. Terms of considered more they Side are 11:56 places, notAM than will needed. or epithets, one not political place. be Some readily rather None of are the understood. should usually than following geographical becapitalized. used See examples in 8.36. also

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.51: Popular names http://www.chicagomanualo 2 of 2the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec051.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:56 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, the reserved. third 2003world by The University of Chicago. All rights

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.52: Generic terms http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec052.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:56 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.52 Generic the : inner Names business Generic 2003 terms and city bydistrict terms The University Terms used for parts of urban Chicago. areas Allare rights not capitalized.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.53: Greater http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.o 1 of 1the rg/ch08/ch08_sec053.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:56 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.53 When metropolitan Greater : Names Greater greater 2003 Chicago London and byarea, is The Terms used University itwith is capitalized. theof name Chicago. of a city All to rights denote a whole

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.54: Real and metaphorical names http://www. 1 of 1the chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec054.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:57 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.54 Mecca Utopia are Stratford-upon-Avon She : is Names lowercased Real 2003 is when trying capitalized and by referring The Terms metaphorical to when create University used is when to aamecca Thomas metaphorically. referring utopia names offor Chicago. Mores for Shakespeare to her the imaginary All See children. Islamic rights also enthusiasts. country. 8.65. holy city, Bothas is

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.55: Capitalization http://www.chicagomanual 1 name ofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec055.html 8 8.55 Words state a preceding of Used commonwealth Republics; South Washington Jiangxi Ontario) Massachusetts Lake New usage) Shields capitalized) the of : countries Names Ottoman United Russian Republic Federal State state Australian Commonwealth New province British Indiana Northwest Western York City Eleventh Fifth 2Africa; Capitalization alone, County; denoting down 9/30/2006 and England Province Township; City; (the and the Republic of Ward; to are States; Kingdom; the State; they Empire; Commonwealth; Federation Democratic colonies; Territory; Reserve but New of the Congressional Terms ward name, the Bay Territory; old political used Soviet Capital the South Indonesia; Lithuania; states Ontario the 11:57 lowercased are Harari South of county republic Colony; city the and the (France) city as such the Great Australia; Puerto ward almost Union); Africa state the township AM precinctare an Republic; (formerly Republic Wales Territory the of empire Peoples; (in of divisionsfrom terms the accepted Commonwealth Britain; the thirteen London, the Rico territory Lake; New District; in always of Canadian (formerly Old Russia; colony are entities republic the Washington York of Northwest the now part usually lowercased. Britain Ethiopia; commonwealth colonies capitalized Union state usage, at of county; the the nations; the empire, of below Massachusetts Indiana congressional federation financial the capitalized (not of Union the the county the Soviet name. But republic, when the Province of republic national see kingdom) South Kildare district, they When Socialist Bay inof 8.56. district and follow names Africa); level. (Irish always

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.55: Capitalization http://www.chicagomanual 2 of 2the ofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec055.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:57 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, the reserved. Sixth 2003Precinct; by The University the precinct of Chicago. All rights

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.56: Governmental entities http://www.chicag 1 of 1the omanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec056.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:59 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.56 Where state, She That Residents but of :Chicago. Names works Governmental is 2003 the city, a of and government for City bythe and The Terms the ofvillage the University entities Village Chicago rather like of are of ordinance. than Forest of Forest usually Chicago. the Park Park place capitalized. enjoy All isrights meant, easy access the words to the city

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.57: Mountains, rivers, and the like http:// 1 of 1the www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec057.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 11:59 | AMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.57 Names capitalized. when used (Mounts second (the Cape Silver Lake Stone Mount Walden Death the : Horn Names Continental Black Hawaiian Windward Rocky Pacific Iberian Great Illinois Mediterranean Bering Indian Nile Mountains, used it of Illinois Kennedy Michigan; 2003 of Mountain Washington; Valley; and Lake Pond is two Washington mountains, Delta Valley; of and as Forest Mountains; Barrier by part applies Strait Subcontinent or Ocean; Peninsula Africa The part Islands; River; The Terms and the more Lakes rivers, of Divide generic the University of the Mount Reef Sea; Valley athe and to the rivers, names, single Michigan the valley; two Chicago Hawaii; the Rainier). Pacific the and Rainier; Illinois term name. Rockies of or Windwards both Mediterranean the oceans, name Kings of more the (mountain, rivers). but and In and Chicago. like beginning (Hawaiian When (see Mounts and Mississippi names, the Erie; the islands, the plural, the island also Atlantic the Washington All etc.) it Chicago with generic Islands) 8.50) is Great rights and of River it is the usually Hawaii oceans so is rivers also term Lakes generic and valley forth capitalized and capitalized comes lowercased Rainier when are term it is

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.58: Generic terms http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec058.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:00 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.58 When 8.23) lowercased. along the : Hudson Names Amazon California river Generic a 2003 rather the generic and Pacific Thames bythan basin River terms The Terms term desert valley University as coast is part used (but ofdescriptively of Chicago. name, the Pacific or when All Coast (or used rights in if alone, apposition; the region it is is seemeant)

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.59: Foreign terms http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec059.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:00 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.59 When Fujiyama Mauna the : Sierra Names English Rio Foreign a 2003 Loa foreign Grande (not and (not by Nevada term terms The Terms Mount generic (not Mount should University (not the Fujiyama) Mauna term the notSierra Rio Loa) forms be Grande ofincluded. Chicago. part Nevada River) ofMountains) All a geographic rights name,

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.60: Thoroughfares and the like http://www.c 1 of 1the hicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec060.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:00 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.60 The capitalized. also Fifty-fifth Broadway Hyde Interstate Jackson London Pennsylvania Park Piccadilly Tiananmen the U.S. : Spanish Names names plural, Lions Mall Thoroughfares 9.5556. Park Lane Route 2003 Bridge; Park; (in and of Boulevard; Square; by 80; Gate Circus 66; street, Street; Steps; streets, The London) Avenue; The Terms the I-80; the Routes generic University park the and bridge the avenue, Fifty-seventh the an Carnegie avenues, square 1 the steps interstate and form boulevard like and 2; of is and squares, a Chicago. such lowercased state and Euclid highway are Fifty-fifth route parks, Allwhen usually avenues rights and used lowercased. streets so alone. forth are In See

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.61: Buildings and monuments http://www.chic 1 of 1the agomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec061.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:00 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.61 The generic Buckingham Hadrians buildings Shedd Symphony Tribune Westminster term) Some monuments Mount the : Colossus Names names Babri Capitol Chrysler Houses Jefferson Leaning Pyramids Stone Washington White Statue Buildings massive 2003 Aquarium; Rushmore form Tower; Center; Mosque; Wall of House and by Fountain; of (as Tower Abbey; buildings is Building; (but Scone works of The Terms Parliament Memorial; therefore Liberty; and (but the Monument; National lowercased distinct the Rhodes; the University of the monuments tower the of the aquarium the Pisa center mosque Egyptian sculpture and Abbey the Berlin not Memorial; the fountain from the monuments when building; statue memorial italicized colossus of monument (a the wall) pyramids) Chicago. used short are capital Mount regarded are alone. the form (see Rushmore All capitalized. Empire city) rather 8.206). rights primarily State thanand The a generic as Chrysler

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.62: Rooms, offices, and such http://www.chi 1 of 1the cagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec062.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:01 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.62 Official the : West Names Empire Amelia Lincoln Oval Rooms, 2003 names Office Wing and by Room Earhart offices, Bedroom The Terms of of (but the University rooms, Suite and (but room White such offices, 421) House of suite Chicago. and 219) theAll like rights are capitalized.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.63: Foreign names http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec063.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:01 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.63 Foreign and in the Unter :the Names may Champs-Elys Biblioth Bois Marktstrasse Piazza Foreign 2003 den original names be de and Linden by preceded delle Boulogne names que The Terms of language. es thoroughfares nationale (never Terme University by English preceded ofthe and Chicago. byif buildings the) theAll definite rights are not article italicized is used

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.64: When to capitalize http://www.chicagoma 1 of 1the nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec064.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:01 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.64 Adjectives Those biographical Machiavellian, can consonant) however, then Baudelaire, Bayes, Dickens, Mendel, Rabelais, Sartre, Shaw, : sometimes Names When be 2003 in Shavian Bayesian avoided. Mendelian Sartrean common do Dickensian and to Rabelaisian by derived or not Baudelairean capitalize names The Terms be an Shakespearean). use lend coined (to See University from section may a name themselves also personal be by 8.65, found (e.g., adding ending ofIf Chicago. to 8.85. names in Aristotelian, not ian in such Webster, in (to e are or coinages, All the ai). normally name rights sometimes dictionary, Many Jamesian, ending which capitalized. names, in in should adjectives the a

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.65: When not to capitalize http://www.chica 1 gomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec065.html 8 8.65 Personal, from nonliteral india homeric herculean italic lombardy jeremiad italicize manila morocco philistine, pharisaic pasteurize platonic quixotic roman scotch swiss stilton refers an following lowercase arabic anglicize arctics brussels brie bohemian diesel cheddar dutch delphic frankfurter epicure french gruy of : American Names 2 When such re ink numerals type cheese oven 9/30/2006 type envelope whisky; to numerals engine fries dressing windows leather (boots) poplar (but sprouts and not national, names, ameaning. terms them philistinism cheese (not Terms to see scotch in are 12:01 capitalize are 8.85) made their made with or For capitalized often PM geographical in example, inSwitzerland) holes nonliteral lowercased Switzerland, inin an it. Webster, use.) names, excellent (Although when whereas See and used Chicago also words Swiss some with swiss 8.85. of prefers derived a gruy cheese the re to is

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.65: When not to capitalize http://www.chica 2 of 2the gomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec065.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:01 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 2003 venetian reserved. wiener vulcanize blinds by The University of Chicago. All rights

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.66: Overview http://www.chicagomanualofstyl 1 of 1the e.org/ch08/ch08_sec066.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:02 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.66 The judicial short usually when : full Names Overview used 2003 forms, lowercased, names bodies, and alone. byare The Terms ofSee departments, capitalized. University legislative, as also are10.8. the of bureaus, Adjectives deliberative, generic Chicago. and names All derived offices, rights administrative, for from such and them bodies often are and their

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.67: Legislative and deliberative http://www 1 .chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec067.html 8 8.67 council Congress; of Congress legislature; Parliament; parliament; Lords; Commons Assembly the house); Council Majelis France); Parlement historical) English) of : Congress Names assembly League United House Electoral Committee committee General Chicago Crown Privy Parliament Legislative Dail Assembl Bundestag Dewan States Cortes C 2mera Legislative 9/30/2006 the (lower the of Permusyawaratan Eireann (Indonesia) the and Congress; of (the Council Perwakilan de of Nations States Lords de Ministers General (Spain; Assembly City parliamentary; the Reichstag ethe Representatives; Peoples (French) Paris Terms Nations; College on Diputados (German nationale British of house) House Assembly 12:02 and Foreign state Council; (lower Congress; Senate; (but Canada; General Security (historical) or a 97th deliberative of (Ethiopia) Rakyat plural of parliament); (imperial Representatives; Senate; Estates PM the senate monarchy); a Illinois; house (Mexico) Rakyat or Cong.; Affairs; Commons; Privy of the Assembly; League an the Council; the British or form Senate; the city early Senate of General Counsellor) House or National U.S. congressional Germany) the in House; the Crown Peoples parliamentary council the parliament; Columbia; Spanish the Congress; (upper Irish of senatorial; Foreign assembly; Commons; (France Bundesrat the lands Representatives; Assembly UNparliament) Security the House Consultative General house); but lower Affairs the and the the system; used (German of (present-day Council; the Quebec Netherlands, Ninety-seventh house House Assembly; Illinois British the Federation; as upper Committee; House the a of National upper the singular the house ofthein

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.67: Legislative and deliberative http://www 2 of 2the .chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec067.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:02 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, the reserved. European 2003 byParliament; The University the parliament of Chicago. All rights

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.68: Administrative http://www.chicagomanual 1 of 1the ofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec068.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:02 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.68 departmental term) Mental not Reserve county the (abbreviation to :name) Names Department Bureau Occupational National Office a Federal United County Peace Centers Administrative 2003 generic Health; board and Corps by of States Board Bureau Reserve for Institutes The Terms the Human term) did of the Disease Safety of University State; the Census; Postal not of NIMH Resources; System; Lake Interior; Investigation; change and of Control the Service; County; census Health; Health the ofHuman State when Chicago. Interior Federal and forms; the the and Department; Administration; the Prevention; the Resources Lake postal NIH; Prevention the Reserve All (a bureau; County short census the rights service; the (a National Board; the the Board; form, short department; of OSHA was CDC FBI 2000 the the added not form, the Institute post Federal a generic office of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.69: Judicial http://www.chicagomanualofstyl 1 of 1the e.org/ch08/ch08_sec069.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:03 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.69 Court Court) of court the States, courts. Maryland terms common states. name :appeals Arizona Names Arizona United District Court Circuit Supreme Birmingham Federal Judicial or 2003 (traditionally as pleas counties, For Generic jurisdiction is district and of by and States Court Supreme example, equivalent Court Common are The Terms New Crown names used University (or Court of and court, Mexico for Court; Pleas Court capitalized Lake Canada Court; court has U.S.) cities for should the to of circuit been (Ohio); County, (Ethiopia) supreme similar the Appeals Southern of Supreme Dawlish of vary therefore appeals stated. supreme Chicago. in court, the Family in court for Court; reference District Magistrates the court in court; the be in superior systems All Division way New used the Seventh other rights of they York to the Supreme only New in the Court states; court, supreme (Illinois); name State Circuit; different York; when U.S. Court; (England) their and and the Supreme courts the the court such full the district family court of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.70: Lowercased entities http://www.chicagom 1 of 1the anualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec070.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:03 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.70 Certain administration; lowercased. brain cabinet city civil court executive, federal; parlement monarchy government state; : Names Lowercased hall 2003 trust service (a church terms (but royal the and (the (French; byfederal legislative, the The Terms associated and municipal court) entities the Kitchen University state; but Carter government; the or with Cabinet government) state administration judicial Parlement of governmental powers Chicago. in branch federal the of Paris) Jackson All agencies bodies rights administration) are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.71: Organizations and parties http://www.ch 1 : icagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec071.html 8 8.71 Names Socialist capitalized systems often socialism; tendencies; about political organization, adjective name); Bolshevik(s); or Communist(s); (see adherents); Federalism Libertarianism Loyalist(s) Marxism-Leninism; the of metaphorical, Bolshevism Names African Arab Communist Democratic Entente Ethiopian European Fascist Federalist Free-Soil General Green Hanseatic Holy Know-Nothing Labour Libertarian National 2communism Organizations text of lowercased 9/30/2006 the of national League; Alliance and movements Party party, forms, above) Party; thought ANC (see Party; when the nazi National democracy; Cordiale; Party; Agreement (American Union; Socialist Terms philosophy, the (see Party Communist Somali Party; League; Party; (see in text Party; 12:03 part (e.g., communism references tactics). and will the Party; and Bolshevik Labourite(s) Marxist-Leninist(s) France). and which text Fascist(s); and (but the text party Congress league Democratic above) Free-Soiler(s) party; international of prevent the Federalist(s) on Hansa; Revolution; PM parties of democratic Libertarian(s); Party; parties an above) countries; EU; Know-Nothing(s) the Communist Tariffs above) the and party; Entente of members eighteenth-century are For (or the Green(s) The name philosophy, a adherents the adherents, editorial party National fascism Hanseatic (members are also consistency, Bolshevist) League; Common words Democrat(s) and of early nations Spanish are parties); communism organizations, capitalized (party (U.S. anSocialism; lowercased Trade; party discussedcapitalizing Market or libertarianism organization. to Christians). headaches. the of its in city Fascism history); civil such is the both movement; league; GATT and howeveras adherents, the or (party not precursor British systems (e.g., Communism war) movement noun party; part (see the alliances, members the federalism Names Nonliteral, and bolshevism or Nazi the fascist of text party) are in the party of are official aabove) Party; of or work and the or

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.71: Organizations and parties http://www.ch 2 of 2the icagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec071.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:03 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, Nazi(s); reserved. OECD; progressivism Republican(s) republican (party above) the North Organization Popular Populist Progressive Quadruple Republican Socialist Social United World 2003 the members Nazism American Atlantic organization Health by form Democratic Front; Party; The or Alliance; (party Party Party; or Party; of for Progressivism Organization; University adherents); Free Treaty the government Populist(s); (but Economic members the Party; Movement; Front Progressive Trade the Socialist Organization; party; alliance of or the Agreement; Cooperation socialism (see WHO Chicago. adherents); the populism the party; movement; parties); text movement GOPSocial NATO or All Nafta above) (Grand and or Socialism republicanism; rights Populism Progressive(s); the Development; (see Democrat(s) Old party; 15.7) Party); (see (see Socialist(s) text the text a

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.72: Political groups and movements http://w 1 of 1the ww.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec072.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:03 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.72 Names parties opposition mugwump(s) moderate(s) centrist(s) independent(s) anarchist(s) referring but the : radical Names Left; Right; Far Political 2003 of are Left Right political and to members by (but members usually Right the The Terms groups the party University of groups of lowercased. Opposition, the and the out left movements or right ofmovements of power) wing; Chicago. in wing; British left-winger(s); right-winger(s); other All and rights than Canadian recognized on on the contexts, the left right

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.73: What to capitalize http://www.chicagoma 1 of 1the nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec073.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:04 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.73 The departments, lowercased company sometimes purposes. and trustees; Captain Skidmore, the Waukegan : Smithsonian Names full preceding Harvard Department University Board Art Cleveland Beach General Hudsons Illinois Library Manuscripts Museum New What 2003 are Institute Beefheart York names West and to capitalized of the Boys; Owings by in of usually University; Foods of capitalize and Trustees Bay Central Stock The Terms a running board Orchestra; Modern Middle of Congress; name, the Division Institution; sometimes Company; & University institutions Chicago; WisconsinMadison History; Chicago of and Corporation; Exchange; Merrill; lowercased Beatles; Chicago; Railroad; Art; School; even text. to of the Northwestern avoid the of Press; Magic the MOMA; their when the Such the SOM; of University orchestra library the the company and when ambiguity university; department; General the Chicago. part Band; library the short generic Grateful stock the Smithsonian middle Art companies Illinois used museum of and press architectural Institute the forms, Foods; exchange the of school All terms alone or Princeton band Dead the or Chicago; official for Central; rights and are the as but University Law (but promotional of capitalized. school Press corporation are universities; School firm their the Tha title, the board Eastsidaz) and railroad ofis Chicago of A

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.74: Names with unusual capitaliz... http:// 1 of 1the www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec074.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:04 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.74 Parts promotional upperthe Company drkoop.com, lowercase obvious letter capitalized. : Names Names Rand 2003 of and should names reasons, names and Corporation letter by with lowercase materials which See The Terms that not given unusual (e.g., however, also University is begin are in when not of 8.163. rather spelled capitalization full eBay) a particular a referred a sentence; URL) name of capitals than should without Chicago. or beginning to the with organizations if remain on in an it RAND a All the other initial capital must, with thus rights letterhead Corporation). contexts ain it may capital following lowercase should text. be(e.g., or given (e.g., For be in a the in

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.75: Associations and the like http://www.ch 1 of 1the icagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec075.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:04 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.75 The conferences, lowercased union Girl Association; Industrial the : Quadrangle Names full preceding Congress Fifty-seventh Green Independent International League National New-York Textile Associations Scouts 2003 are names and usually Bay by in Workers of of Workers and of the Conference Organization Historical The Terms a running Packers; Women of the Club; name, Industrial Order sometimes annual University and associations, lowercased Annual Olympic United of Voters; Union the even text. of the the meeting of Society Meeting Odd club like States World; Committee; for of their when Organization; Packers Christians Such the of when Fellows; America; Women; Chicago. societies, part of league (note short generic of IWW; used the America; the of the NOW; IOOF; and the forms, alone. association the American All terms CIO; IOC; Wobblies Jews; the hyphen); union unions, official an rights a are the organization as Girl Odd the Historical capitalized. society union committee meetings, Fellow the Scout; conference title, society and ais and Scout A

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.76: Conferences http://www.chicagomanualofs 1 of 1the tyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec076.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:04 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.76 A quotation Planning symposium the but : 1999 substantive Names Conferences 2003 International and marks. for held by Computer The Terms title atFor University Future given lecture Chaos Conference City, to at ofAtlantis, a series, single Chicago. the onTurn see Y2K conference Allthe 8.93. of FebruaryMarch rights Millennium, is enclosed 1999.a in

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.77: Numerical designations http://www.chica 1 of 1the gomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec077.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:05 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.77 A considered 9.37. but the : Fifth numerical Names twenty-first nineteen nineties quattrocento second Eighteenth Numerical 2003Republic and by part millennium designation hundreds The Terms designations Dynasty of century University a proper BCE of aname. of Chicago. period For isthe lowercased All userights of numerals, unless itsee is

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.78: Descriptive designations http://www.chi 1 of 1the cagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec078.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:05 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.78 A for ancient antiquity a imperial modern the : Victorian descriptive golden Names proper antebellum baroque colonial Hellenistic romantic Shang Descriptive 2003 history Greece age Rome and dynasty by names. period period The Terms designation era period period designations University For (see traditionally also of a of 8.85) period Chicago. capitalized is usually All rights forms, lowercased, see 8.79. except

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.79: Traditional names http://www.chicagoman 1 of 1the ualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec079.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:05 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.79 Some avoid the : Grand Names Age Augustan Common Counter-Reformation Dark Enlightenment Gay Gilded High Jazz Mauve Middle Old Progressive Reformation Renaissance Restoration Roaring Traditional names 2003 ambiguity. of Nineties Kingdom Regime Ages Middle Renaissance Age and Si Decade by of Reason Era Age Ages Twenties Age cle The Terms periods (but Ages (but (ancient Era names See University the also (but the are ancien medieval Egypt) capitalized, 8.81. theof late rChicago. gime) era) Middle either All Ages) rights by tradition or to

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.80: Cultural periods http://www.chicagomanu 1 of 1the alofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec080.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:05 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.80 Names geological Analogous the : information Names Bronze Ice Iron Stone age nuclear Cultural 2003 of Age of prehistoric Age and Age terms by periods, Age steam age The Terms periods for age University see modern cultural 8.14245. periods of periods Chicago. areare best All capitalized. lowercased. rights For

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.81: Historical events http://www.chicagoman 1 of 1the ualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec081.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:06 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.81 Names capitalized. descriptions, For for (President Reconstruction Prohibition September but the : gold Names wars acts Boston Cultural Great Industrial New Reign South War baby civil cold crash Dreyfus Historical 2003 of Deal on many and boom war rush and Depression; 11; Sea rights of by Tea Johnsons) Poverty affair Others, battles, treaties, Revolution Terror; 1929 The Terms major are 9/11 Bubble Party Revolution events movement University usually (see historical more the see the Great 8.86. also Terror recent lowercased. 8.12122; Depression Society ofevents 6.115) Chicago. or for known and If religious All in projects by doubt, rights their events, arenot 8.116; generic do capitalize.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.82: Major speeches http://www.chicagomanual 1 of 1the ofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec082.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:06 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.82 A thus Washingtons Franklin the Martin : Checkers very Names Gettysburg annual Major traditionally 2003 few Luther Roosevelts and byspeech speeches State Farewell The Terms King Address of University capitalized. Jr.s have the second Address Union attained I inaugural have of address Chicago. Others athe dream status address are All speech usually rights of titles lowercased. and are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.83: Natural phenomena http://www.chicagoman 1 of 1the ualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec083.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:06 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.83 Names are the El Hurricane Use storms, :Ni Names often usually Great Chicago Northridge the Natural 2003 of o hurricanes, pronoun natural and capitalized. Plague; Fire Mitch; by lowercased. Fire; phenomena The Terms of earthquake it, phenomena the University London; the not and 1998 plague fire If hethe the identified hurricane of or like. of 1994 disasters Great she, Chicago. when Fire by a of referring All place-name historic rights todimensions or named a year, they

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.84: Sporting events http://www.chicagomanua 1 of 1the lofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec084.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:06 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.84 The the : World Names full Kentucky NBA Olympic Sporting 2003 World names and Cup by Games; Derby; The Terms events Championship of major University the theOlympics; sporting derby Series; of Chicago. events the the Winter championship are AllOlympics capitalized. rights series

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.85: What to capitalize http://www.chicagoma 1 nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec085.html 8 8.85 Nouns schoolsartistic, adherents school though distinguish speech. in impressionism movements can abstract 8.64. Aristotelian art Beaux-Arts Chicago Cartesian camp baroque classicism, cubism conceptualism Cynicism, Dadaism, Epicurean Doric deconstruction Gothic formalism fauvism existentialism Gregorian Hudson Hellenism mannerism Keynesianism imagism idealism humanism of : certain Names then deco nouveau 2and What 9/30/2006 remains a mysticism, (but River Terms school few result.) expressionism Dada and to adjectives are must Cynic (see chant works (derived them classical gothic capitalize (e.g., school Terms capitalized lowercased is lowercased.) also (of text naturalism 12:07 from if capitalized architectural, For mystic architecture, fiction) Cynic, done be from below) designating the religious PMconsistently. capitalized. below if generic cole Scholastic) Others derived in may des amusical, movements, cultural of words work are appropriately Beaux-Arts) But economics) from usually are (If, about used a styles, and proper profusion capitalized see for in art, so lowercased, 8.105. everyday example, forthand nouns. be movements, all capitalized of other See to capitals (The also their art and word

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.85: What to capitalize http://www.chicagoma 2 of 2the nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec085.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:07 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, miracle reserved. neoclassicism, modernism New Neoplatonism op nominalism Peripatetic philosophe pop Platonism romanticism, Romanesque rococo realism Reaganomics Pre-Raphaelite postmodernism postimpressionism Scholasticism, scientific Sophist Stoicism, Sturm structuralism theater symbolism surrealism Some transcendentalism lowercased epicurean peripatetic shes a stoic art Criticism art words 2003 und a plays (see of sophist, attitude Stoic Drang tastes by (French) rationalism the capitalized when (see families romantic text The neoclassical Scholastic, absurd (see (but used text not University below) text storm metaphorically. a below) (sometimes when logician below) Schoolmen and used ofstress) Chicago. capitalized of a school All of rights to avoid ambiguity) thought are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.86: Formal names http://www.chicagomanualof 1 : style.org/ch08/ch08_sec086.html 8 8.86 Formal programs, Incomplete published Amendment; Constitution; Head impeachment; Medicare; pact Social Temporary Title the (informal ofTreaty Names Fifteenth Articles Bill Brady U.S. Illinois Constitution Corn Declaration due equal Family Food Hawley-Smoot Marshall Mayflower Monroe Munich New Open Pact Peace Reform Wilmot 2VII Formal Start 9/30/2006 or Security process Economic Constitution); Laws Stamps Door of accepted and text law rights Medicaid of Assistance or name) or the and Doctrine; agreement; Bills; of Proviso on names Rights Paris of Constitution; the Plan Utrecht Title Terms similar generic Amendment the (Great Compact; policy Versailles; European of amendment Medical Confederation of clause Act 12:07 of Act, amendment Tariff first Policy; a7 Constitution (or, the titles Independence bill the of Britain) the to documents forms 1982 Munich Reform PM Leave 1964; and the less Union (to United Article Act; Needy or doctrine NEP of the the (Canada; (not second compact are law, the correctly, pacts, Act; food the (Soviet Bill (official Families; treaty States; (usually constitution or usually U.S. VI; ratified); see tariff FMLA; stamps articles of agreements plans, the for 17.30910. Constitution); Union) 1832 the name); lowercased. capitalized article punctuation, the act TANF (Great policies, United ERA of Kellogg-Briand 1993 are impeachment the (see act Britain) capitalized. States Maastricht For the in treaties, also see reference citing Smith (or 6.43) 9.32) Pact); U.S.) treaty acts, the to the

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.86: Formal names http://www.chicagomanualof 2 of 2the style.org/ch08/ch08_sec086.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:07 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 2003 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.87: Generic terms http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec087.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:07 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.87 Informal, The lowercased. : anti-injunction Names Generic 2003purely and byterms Thedescriptive Terms University bill was introduced of Chicago.on references to All pending Tuesday. rightslegislation are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.88: Italics and abbreviations http://www.ch 1 of 1the icagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec088.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:08 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.88 The Chicago contexts in Bloomfield Miranda In the :discussion, roman. Names names abbreviation Miranda Italics 2003 recommends v. where and of For by Village Arizona case and legal The Terms legal numerous a abbreviations v. case (or University cases italics. Drain (versus) citation simply name legal are Dist. may In Miranda) of italicized occasionally style, cases footnotes, v. be Chicago. Keefe shortened. appear, see when 17.27579. All appears legal they rights mentioned dictionaries, are in usually roman, in text. but set and

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.89: What to capitalize http://www.chicagoma 1 of 1the nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec089.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:08 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.89 Names terms see winner; the a an National :International Guggenheim Academy Emmy Names 8.123. Nobel 1998 Presidential What 2003 of used aMerit Award; awards Nobel Pulitzer and to Nobel Prize byFellowship with Award; capitalize The Terms Prize she scholarships and the Prizewinning in Medal Music University Prize an Literature has prizes names inScholarship Oscar three of Physiology for (but are Freedom are Commentary; of Emmys a lowercased. physiologist; capitalized, Guggenheim Chicago. or Medicine; aAll For Pulitzer grant) but a rights military Nobel some a Nobel in Peace generic journalism awards, Prize Prize;

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.90: Capitalization http://www.chicagomanual 1 of 1the ofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec090.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:08 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.90 Formal marriage the but : Pledge Names presidential oath Capitalization 2003 oaths of vows and by of citizenship and Theoath Terms Allegiance pledges University of office are usually of Chicago. lowercased. All rights

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.91: Disciplines http://www.chicagomanualofs 1 of 1the tyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec091.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:09 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.91 Academic department proper They He She Jones but :is Names has is Disciplines have 2003 majoring is nouns pursuing published subjects chair and introduced by(e.g., name The Terms in of orthe graduate University are widely comparative an English, aCommittee not official course in studies capitalized the of Latin). in literature. course Chicago. history on gender in Comparative philosophy unless name of studies. All orthey religions. rights are of science. Literature. form part of a themselves

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.92: Courses http://www.chicagomanualofstyle 1 of 1the .org/ch08/ch08_sec092.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:09 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.92 Official I A His but : ballroom am popular Names Courses signing 2003 names and course bydancing up The Terms of for is University courses Beginning Basic classes of have Manuscript of study Archaeology. Chicago. failed are Editing. capitalized. Allcivilize to rights him.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.93: Lectures http://www.chicagomanualofstyl 1 of 1the e.org/ch08/ch08_sec093.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:09 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.93 Names capitalized This nursing Way, : Names Lectures years 2003 of was profession. lecture and a by and Robinson sellout. The Terms usually series University The Memorial are capitalized. enclosed first of Lectures lecture, Chicago. in quotation were How AllNightingale Individual devoted rights marks.to lectures the Got Her are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.94: Days of the week, months, an... http:// 1 of 1the www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec094.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:09 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.94 Names lowercased see fall spring November Tuesday the : winter Names 17.164). vernal Days 2003 of days and of byFor (except (or solstice the The Terms and spring) week, centuries University months whenequinox months, used are and ofdecades, capitalized. to and Chicago. denote seasons an see All The issue 8.77. rights four of a seasons journal; are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.95: Holidays http://www.chicagomanualofstyl 1 of 1the e.org/ch08/ch08_sec095.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:10 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.95 The designated All Christmas Fathers the Good Holy Hanukkah Halloween Independence Labor Kwanzaa Lincolns Lent Martin Memorial Mothers National New Presidents Passover Remembrance Ramadan Rosh Saint Thanksgiving Yom D but Yuletide election inauguration : Kippur day Names names Fools Fourth Years Holidays Friday Week Hashanah 2003 Day Patricks Luther Day Poetry day and of Day Birthday by days of Day Eve Day secular Day day The Terms July, King orUniversity Month (Canada) Day seasons Jr. the and Day Fourth religious are ofcapitalized. Chicago. holidays Allor rights specially

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.96: Time and time zones http://www.chicagom 1 of 1the anualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec096.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:10 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.96 When proper eastern central mountain Pacific Greenwich daylight : Names Time spelled 2003 nouns). standard daylight standard saving and mean byout, The Terms time Abbreviations time; time time; University time time; zones GMT and EST CDT PDT MSTtime of zones are Chicago. capitalized. areAll lowercased rights (except for

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.97: Down style http://www.chicagomanualofstyl 1 of 1the e.org/ch08/ch08_sec097.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:10 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.97 Chicago elsewhere. best adjectives : Names Down served 2003 urges and by Lowercasing in style by The Terms a the capitalizing spare, University context down rarely under only of style gives Chicago. discussion. what inare offense. the All clearly field rights Understanding of proper religion nouns isasand

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.98: Deities http://www.chicagomanualofstyle 1 of 1the .org/ch08/ch08_sec098.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:10 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.98 Names religions, Satan Mithra Jehovah Itzamna God Freyja Astarte Allah Yahweh Serapis : Names Deities 2003 of (but deities, and by Terms are the The capitalized. devil) University whether in monotheistic of Chicago. All or polytheistic rights

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.99: Alternative names http://www.chicagoman 1 of 1the ualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec099.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:11 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.99 Alternative capitalized. Adonai Providence the : Trinity Names Almighty Deity Holy Lord Supreme Alternative 2003 Ghost and by or Being See The Terms descriptive or names also University the 8.100. Holy names Spirit of Chicago. for or the God Paraclete Allsupreme as rights being are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.100: Prophets and the like http://www.chica 1 of 1the gomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec100.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:11 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.100 Designations persons Jesus; John Muhammad; Saint but the : psalmist Names Buddha prophet Messiah Virgin apostles patriarchs the 2003 Prophets John; Christ; are Baptist and the by Mary; often Isaiah the of The Terms Prophet and the prophets, Beloved the University capitalized. the Good Blessed like Shepherd; Apostle apostles, of Chicago. Virgin; the saints, Mother SonAll ofof and rights man God other revered

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.101: Platonic ideas http://www.chicagomanua 1 of 1the lofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec101.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:12 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.101 Words when Good; : Names used 2003in Platonic for Beauty; and transcendent byaTruth; The Terms ideas religious University the ideas context, One of the in Chicago. are Platonic often Allcapitalized. rights especially sense,

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.102: Pronouns http://www.chicagomanualofsty 1 of 1the le.org/ch08/ch08_sec102.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:12 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.102 Pronouns they They Jesus : Names are prayed 2003 Pronouns and referring lowercased and his by todisciples The Terms GodUniversity to that inGod most heor would English of Chicago. Jesus deliver are translations not All them. capitalized. rights of the Bible.) (Note that

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.103: What to capitalize http://www.chicagom 1 of 1the anualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec103.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:12 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.103 Names capitalized, them. : Names 2003 What of religions, and byas to The Terms capitalize are University denominations, their adherents of Chicago. communions, and adjectives All rights and derived sects are from

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.104: Major religions http://www.chicagomanu 1 of 1the alofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec104.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:12 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.104 Buddhism; Christianity; Confucianism; Hinduism; Islam; Judaism; Shinto; Taoism; agnosticism atheism but : Names 2003 Major Islamic; Shintoism; Taoist; Jew; and Buddhist Hindu by religions The Terms Christian; Confucian Jewry; Muslim Taoistic University Shintoist Jewish Christendom of Chicago. (seeAll also rights 8.106)

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.105: Denominations, sects, orders... http:/ 1 : /www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec105.html 8 8.105 movements Anglicanism; Baptists; Southern Christian Conservative Dissenter Druidism; Eastern Essenes; Gnosticism; Hasidism; Jehovahs Jesuit(s); Methodism; pejoratively) church); Mormonism; Saints Nonconformism; nonsectarian the Old Orthodoxy; Orthodox Protestantism; Puritanism; Quakerism; context) Reform Roman Catholic Satanism; Shiism; ofCatholics; Names Amish; Church Episcopal Order 2Catholicism; Denominations, 9/30/2006 (Utah); Judaism; Orthodox Shia; Baptist an Wesleyan Judaism; church) and a Science; (lowercased Druid Hasid Witnesses of Satanist Amish of Mormon; the Quaker; Baptist Essene Gnostic Puritan the Judaism; context) Preachers; Terms England Ireland Church; Church Shiite Society United Community Nonconformist an (Greek, Protestant (sometimes (singular); a 12:13 communities Anglican Convention churches; Old an Reform Church the church; (lowercased sects, of Orthodox (but a when an Methodist Catholic PM of Church Serbian, Religious Roman Conservative Scotland the Episcopal of Jew Communion of Jesus; (lowercased an used lowercased) the orders, the Hasidim Christ Dominican Christ, (lowercased Catholic Anglican of Jew Eastern church Baptist in Church etc.) when jesuitic(al) Jesus Society a(plural); church; (Missouri) and (see Scientist; Jew nonsectarian used order; Orthodox when Church church) Church (but Christ religious General also when of in an used a(but Friends; aused Episcopal (but Episcopalian Hasidic (lowercased United of Dominican Church nonsectarian Convention; Christian in Latter-day context) a an in a Roman Methodist nonsectarian a Eastern a (but Friend Church) Scientist when athe Greek used

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.105: Denominations, sects, orders... http:/ 2 of 2the /www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec105.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:13 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993,Zen Sufism; reserved. Sunnism; Theosophy; Wicca; Vedanta Zen; 2003 Wiccan Sufi Sunni; Buddhism by The Theosophist; Sunnite University the Theosophical of Chicago. Society All rights

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.106: Church http://www.chicagomanualofstyle 1 of 1the .org/ch08/ch08_sec106.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:13 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.106 When institution, church the Church denomination examples Thomas : church Names early used 2003 Church and is the in and alone church capitalized by state in fathers Apostle). 8.105) the (e.g., The Terms the to church University twenty-first denote or the when congregation isorganized United usually part ofMethodist century Chicago. of lowercased. the (e.g., Christianity formal All Church; therights name Church asof see an other of a St.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.107: Generic versus religious terms http:// 1 of 1the www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec107.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:13 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.107 Many fundamentalism, the terms a liberal but : name popular Names terms 2003 Generic listed versus of and medium by lowercased ain The Terms versus specific fundamentalist or 8.105 in University spiritualism, Spiritualist religious when may religion be used of lowercased Christians terms Chicago. generically, or may circles a sect. be in capitalized All Similarly, certain rights such as contexts. when animism, many used of the as

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 8 8.108 are lowercased. the The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec108.html : Chicago Names names capitalized. Archdiocese Eastern Fifty-seventh Holy Missouri 2003 Religious reserved. See and of by Diocese Manual official Synod; The Terms jurisdictions of The University Street Chicago; of of the generic divisions Style the synod Meeting; Armenian the Online of archdiocese terms Chicago. within the used 8.108: Church (Quaker) organized alone All Religious are meeting religions jurisdictions 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.109: Buildings http://www.chicagomanualofst 1 of 1the yle.org/ch08/ch08_sec109.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:29 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.109 The are Babri Bethany Temple Nichiren : capitalized. Names names 2003 Buildings Mosque; Emmanuel; Evangelical Buddhist and of bythe Thethe Terms the buildings The University mosque Temple; Lutheran generic temple; the inthe of terms Church; which temple Chicago. synagogue used religious thealone All rights church congregations are lowercased. meet

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.110: Councils, synods, and the like http:// 1 of 1the www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec110.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:29 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.110 The modern the : Synod Names accepted Council General Second 2003 Councils, counterparts and of by Vatican of Convention names Whitby The Terms Chalcedon; synods, University of Council; are historic (Episcopal) and capitalized. the the Vatican of Fourth councils Chicago. like II General and Allthe rights Council official names of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.111: Scriptures http://www.chicagomanualofs 1 of 1the tyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec111.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:29 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.111 Names capitalized Bhagavad Mishnah; Quran; Talmud; Sutra Sunnah Tripitaka the : Vedas; Names Bible; Hebrew Book Dead Upanishads 2003 Scriptures of Quranic Talmudic scriptures Gita of Sea Mishnaic and by biblical Bible Vedic but Common Scrolls The Terms not (or University Prayer and italicized. Koran, other Koranic) of highly Chicago. revered All works rightsare

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.112: Other terms http://www.chicagomanualof 1 of 1the style.org/ch08/ch08_sec112.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:30 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.112 Other capitalized Codex Complutensian Holy Peshitta the scripture(s); but : Vulgate Names Authorized Breeches Douay Holy New Psalter Septuagint Writ 2003 Other names Sinaiticus English Jerusalem Revised Bible and (or (sometimes by terms and but (but Bible The Terms Polyglot Rheims-Douay) scriptural Version versions not Bible Standard aBible University psalter) italicized. used orVersion Bible of the satirically) the Version of King Chicago. Hebrew James and All Version Christian rights bibles are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.113: Books of the Bible http://www.chicagom 1 of 1the anualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec113.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:30 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.113 The is usually used lowercased Genesis; Job; 2 the John; Acts; 1 :usually Chronicles; Corinthians; Names names Psalms; with the 2003 Books the capitalized. the book and of some Gospel Acts by lowercased, or of a books book The Terms capitalized. of Second psalm frequency, of the Job according University of the Bible of First But Genesis Chronicles; the Apostles and in Epistle Bible they the See to aof work John words may also Chicago. are the to in all not 9.30, the gospel second which be italicized. Corinthians All treated 15.4754. and all book rights epistle three of alike, The the terms word are Chronicles either are book

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.114: Sections of the Bible http://www.chica 1 of 1the gomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec114.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:30 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.114 Names the Hagiographa : Pentateuch Names Hebrew Christian Apocrypha; Epistles; Gospels; 2003 Sections of sections and by scriptures or the The Terms scriptures the ofsynoptic apocryphal or Ketuvim; University of pastoral the the Bible or Torah; hagiographic Bible the or Gospels Epistles the ofare Old Pentateuchal Chicago. New Testament not Testament italicized. All rights

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.115: Prayers, creeds, and such http://www.c 1 of 1the hicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec115.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:31 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.115 Named terms miracles Kaddish; Luthers Salat but the : star Names Decalogue; Lords Nicene Sermon Shema doxology parable miracle 2003 Prayers, prayers, of al-fajr special are to Ninety-five of and by Prayer; Creed; on say of Bethlehem usually The Terms the creeds, canticles, the Kaddish importance, University the Mount Ten the prodigal loaves lowercased. Theses creed andand Commandments; Our creeds, such Father son of are fishes Chicago. usually andthe such, Allas capitalized. first rights well asParables commandment scriptural and

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.116: Events and concepts http://www.chicago 1 of 1the manualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec116.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:31 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.116 Religious often the Most but For Doctrines original atonement transubstantiation : the Names Creation Crucifixion Diaspora Exodus Fall Hegira Second religions 2003 Events capitalized. Romans, sin and events are byand Coming The Terms usually have crucifixion concepts and University Used creation concepts lowercased. generically, was of myths. ofa Chicago. major common such theological All form terms rights ofare execution. importance lowercased. are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.117: Heaven, hell, and so on http://www.chi 1 of 1the cagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec117.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:31 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.117 Terms punishment, outer nirvana limbo hell heaven the paradise Olympus Hades Elysium Eden but purgatory : pearly Names 2003divine Heaven, for darkness and by gates and The Terms hell, the dwelling University and so like are places, onusually of Chicago. ideal lowercased. states, All rights places of divine

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.118: Services and rites http://www.chicagom 1 of 1the anualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec118.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:32 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.118 Names bar baptism bas morning confirmation Terms vespers traditionally nonreligious the Holy Mass; High : Eucharist Names mitzvah seder sun Communion Mass; 2003 Services of denoting to prayer; dance services attend and bycontexts. Low The Terms capitalized, and the Mass matins Mass; University and rites eucharistic rites but (orthree mattins) though are ofsacrament, Chicago. usually masses they are may lowercased. All however, berights offered lowercased are in daily

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.119: Objects http://www.chicagomanualofstyl 1 of 1the e.org/ch08/ch08_sec119.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:32 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.119 Objects chalice ark altar sacred rosary mezuzah mandala stations sanctuary : Names 2003 Objects pipe of and of and by religious paten the The Terms cross University use or significance of Chicago. are All usually rights lowercased.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.120: Armies, battalions, and such http://ww 1 : w.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec120.html 8 8.120 Titles companies, well-known Words alone, official Allied Army Canadian Combined Confederate Continental Eighth Fifth First French Green Joint National Pacific Red the Rough Royal Seventh Thirty-third Union United marine ofResistance; Names Allies Axis Central Luftwaffe; Army 2army Corps of Special Armies, such Army; Battalion, Berets Chiefs Riders Air Canadian Navy; Scots 9/30/2006 of when Expeditionary Air foreign States Northern the Fleet Fleet; title. powers Forces Chiefs Guard (Russian, and armies, Force; corps, names, as (World of Force; (American used Potomac powers army navy the Fusiliers; Forces of Infantry Terms battalions, army Engineers; (U.S., (or Coast Marine legion Air Mounted Navy the (World (unified of army Staff the British 12:32 collectively Virginia; (American 178th RAF; navies, and such Wars the U.S.) and (World Staff German World Force fleet French (until Guard; Force; World Civil Corps; so air British Division; PM as navy I War Infantry; Police; the navy Army; forth and the in (World War (until and Green War force air II) Civil Revolution) War Resistance; 1968; fusiliers War) the are 1968) the corps II); such forces, in I) force air the are army II) the Coast Berets, lowercased AEF War 1968; the Marine War) the see the Russian force army capitalized. Mounties II) division; plural, battalion; Canadian Guard fleets, Allied see aare Corps; resistance army Canadian when or also or forces regiments, Forces infantry the Unofficial standing when the capitalized. coast U.S. Forces 178th movement not above) Marines; guard battalions, part above) butofaan

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.120: Armies, battalions, and such http://ww 2 of 2the w.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec120.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:32 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 2003 reserved. United States by Signal The University Navy; the Corps; navythe of Signal Chicago. Corps All or rights the signal corps

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.121: Wars and revolutions http://www.chicag 1 of 1the omanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec121.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:32 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.121 Names generic American Revolution Conquest Crusades; French revolutionary Great Gulf Korean Mexican Napoleonic Norman the Russian Seven Shayss Six Spanish-American Spanish Vietnam War Whiskey World world : of Names revolution(s) Days War 2003 Wars of Sioux Years War wars Revolution; War; Conquest; 1812 terms Revolution; civil War Rebellion most Civil Revolution; of and the War I; II; by and (traditionally Wars Mexico; War; the War the The Terms major are Sixth France war the revolutions War; war the War First University usually of Second the wars Crusade; the American Sioux conquest 1848 Revolution World War conquest revolution and World lowercased capitalized); war between of revolutions a War; War of crusader War; Chicago. England ofWorld (traditionally the the when Independence; Great States the All are used Wars Revolutionary War; rights capitalized. alone. I capitalized); the and the war the II; Thetwo War

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.122: Battles and campaigns http://www.chica 1 of 1the gomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec122.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:33 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.122 In generic name. Battle battle the European Mexican Operation third Vicksburg western :names Names Blitz 2003 Battles battle of terms border front of theater and Britain the Bunker Vimy Overlord campaign by major of The Terms and are Bulge (World Ridge campaign Ypres Hill; of University campaigns battles, capitalized operations; War Bunker I)campaigns, of only Hill; Chicago. ETO when the and part battle All theaters rights of an accepted of war,

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.123: Medals and awards http://www.chicagoma 1 of 1the nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec123.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:33 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.123 Specific awards, Distinguished Medal Purple Silver Victoria Croix : Names 2003 Medals of de Heart Star see names Honor; Cross; Guerre and by 8.89. and The Terms Flying Service of congressional VC (sometimes awards University medals Cross; Order; and lowercased) DFC of awards DSO medal Chicago. are capitalized. All rights For civil

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.124: Ships http://www.chicagomanualofstyle. 1 of 1the org/ch08/ch08_sec124.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:33 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.124 Names italicized. States name, abbreviations information, Combat the HMS SS Every consisting and between for Smaller individually USS :United Names space Spirit SC-530; Frolic; a examplethe Enterprise 2003 Ships of the U.S. serial ship) Fleets vessels ships specific and word shuttle States; by Navy of Note the or consult number. numbered The Terms themselves of Saint a such ship (CVN-65) HMS U.S. British ship combination of numbers that the University ships Discovery the the as (Her or Louis A. World, ship built Where when United landing but other same and D. ship should was [or are SC-530 not such Baker after necessary other 20022003 of namein already of His] vessel not Frolic States craft named. letters be Chicago. abbreviations italicized. III, 1885 vessels Majestys included type a and on to The (bibliog. is work (indicating its avoid submarine All should assigned are Naval on at way ship) rights For both as confusion naval first to not Institute 5). USS much precede a chasers the capitalized the be hull history, mention. (United useful Red used. type number, a of Guide are Sea. The and ship) to

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.125: Aircraft, automobiles, trains... http: 1 of 1the //www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec125.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:33 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.125 Names and space Boeing Dodge Concorde Project Metroliner Superchief : other Names 2003 Aircraft, of programs Caravan 747 Apollo makes and vehicles, by Terms The and are automobiles, University classes capitalized names of oftrains of trains, aircraft, but Chicago. not or and train italicized. models All runs, the rights like of automobiles and names of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.126: Pronouns http://www.chicagomanualofsty 1 of 1the le.org/ch08/ch08_sec126.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:34 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.126 When (rather 8.83. : Names aPronouns 2003 pronoun than and byshe The Terms isor University used her) tois refer generally of to Chicago. a vessel, preferred. All the rights neuter See also it5.49, or its

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.127: Overview http://www.chicagomanualofsty 1 of 1the le.org/ch08/ch08_sec127.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:34 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.127 The editors and guidelines International bibliog. different standards : Format Names following 2003 Overview requiring 5). and rules. established byNote (bibliog. are The Terms paragraphs Code followed Writers University detailed that of1.1). Botanical Zoological within some in offer and guidance The the fields, ofbotanical editors those only ultimate Chicago. Nomenclature Nomenclature fields. general should such should authorities All examples as consult guidelines. virology, try rights (ICBN), (ICZN) tobelow, Scientific follow are whose (see have Writers the and the slightly the Style or

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.128: Genus and specific epithet http://www. 1 of 1the chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec128.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:35 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.128 Whether names capitalized, adjective) phyla, Many Smilodon. californica, The For Certain specialists. : the Names Pleistocene pike, species 2003 Genus of orders, in grass lizard plants and Esox by lists is and and names, reflect The Terms lowercased. snake and lucius, taxa specific and saber-toothed or the University such, in animals Natrix such specific the running is epithet which locale as Do valued natrix, are Rosa Basiliscus of not epithet cats text, are Chicago. italicized. of confuse caroliniana for not all the longevity the food (even italicized; belonged first and All binomial species as Crotaphytus The if rights and specimens well in it genus to captivity names Styrax Latin is as see the aname sport. proper with 8.134. genus described. are species is isten years. bipedal

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.129: Abbreviation of genus name http://www. 1 of 1the chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec129.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:35 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.129 After capital together, before each beginning different Two by found scoparia accelerations The construction noted Among hederifolium, Studies studies :Callisaurus Names methods quaking species 2003 Abbreviation the that in popular the letter. of it do the and first the with abbreviations by first stride Corylus was allow not is of cottonwood, The Terms abbreviation from of species and the draconoides noted use If more change the species, the University us durations persicum C. of two same a avellana the petiole; common. to standstill. aspen, persicum) that genus of or dramatically genus letter must estimate P. the more though C. may in (or, name of Populus deltoides. and of But be an genus avellana name the species be are both Chicago. used. analogous more Corokia repeating if the doubled field. may discussed Cyclamen species C. after tremuloides, maximum commonly, and be of draconoides cotoneaster All Irschick abbreviated (to the phenomenon Cor. the of are rights in speeds same indicate fifth abbreviation different C. cotoneaster the CC. is and coum, genus and same obtained stride due coum, . has to Jayne . the Uma to C. . a;. are genera context, been single plural) during the with (1998) in listed . further .

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.130: Subspecies and varieties http://www.ch 1 of 1the icagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec130.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:35 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.130 Subspecific and Trogon Noctilio In (none epithet Hydrangea Buxus Rhododendron :horticultural Names are 2003 Subspecies of microphylla collaris also or labialis them and anomala by variety epithets, italicized. arboreum The Terms italicized) puella and usage, University labialis subsp. var. orvarieties when form f. japonica the petiolaris album are used, (or name. abbreviations of inserted Noctilio Chicago. follow See also before the l. All subsp., 8.131. labialis) binomial rights the subspecific var., speciesand name f.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.131: Unspecified species and vari... http:/ 1 of 1the /www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec131.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:36 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.131 The element, unspecified. species. Viola Rosa Rhododendron : abbreviations Names rugosa 2003 Unspecified sp. indicate The and by var. The abbreviations spp. Theplural Terms University species sp. that the and spp. and species are var., of varieties is not Chicago. used or italicized. when variety toused All refer rights without is to unknown a group a following orof

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.132: Author names http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec132.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:36 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.132 sometimes capital Molossus Diaemus Felis Quercus Euchistenes The the : species Names name parentheses 2003 Author leo L. youngii alba of coibensis and added, Scop. by stands the hartii E. names L. The Terms hartii person cypselinus in often University for J. but (Thomas) the Linnaeus. A. who abbreviated, last Allen referred proposed Thomas example of Chicago. it a to and mean specific never All that a different rights italicized. Thomas epithet described genus. is A

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.133: Plant hybrids http://www.chicagomanual 1 of 1the ofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec133.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:37 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.133 The (.; on multiplication hybrid, Magnolia :each Names crossing not 2003 Plant the side. with denudata .soulangeana and by hybrids letter of space The Terms Many sign two University . x), older only species immediately M. (hybrid between liliiflora before primary is of name) indicated the it. Chicago. before plant (crossing two the species hybrids All by specific arights of multiplication names, are species) indicated epithet with space of sign by the a

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.134: Higher divisions http://www.chicagoman 1 of 1the ualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec134.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:37 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.134 Divisions familyare and Chordata similarly. Chondrichthyes Monotremata Hominidae Ruminantia Felinae Selachii The the : history Names so new 2003 Higher on (subfamily) species (phylum) (term and higher are (family) by capitalized (suborder) (order) of divisions The Terms not (class) used Gleicheniaceae. Gleichenia than University capitalized.) ofgenusphylum, but glauca various not ofgroups italicized. Chicago. Intermediate provides class, of cartilaginous All order, (The further rights groupings terms and details order, are about fishes) treated family,

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.135: English derivatives http://www.chicago 1 of 1the manualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec135.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:38 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.135 English names, carnivore(s) hominid(s) irid(s) feline(s) mastodon(s) astilbe(s) : Names 2003 English are names, (from and (from by lowercased (from (from (from The Terms derivatives the though subfamily the University family the the family genus sometimes and genus order Iridaceae) treated Felinae) Astilbe) Hominidae) Mastodon) of identical Carnivora) Chicago. as English All with rights words. the scientific

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.136: Common names http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec136.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:38 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.136 For plants guides 8.127. general, adjectives, Merriam-Websters rhesus jack-in-the-pulpit mayapple Dutchmans-breeches Rocky Coopers : the Names 2003 Common Mountain and to In monkey correct Chicago hawk and nomenclature, any by animals, as names The Terms one in sheep capitalization recommends University work, the Collegiate consult following the a single aDictionary. ICBN capitalizing of dictionary and Chicago. examples, and source spelling theshould All or ICZN, only which of the rights proper common mentioned be authoritative conform followed. nouns names to inand of In

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.137: Domestic animals and hortic... http:// 1 of 1the www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec137.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:38 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.137 Either categories should animals Rhode German Hereford Maine rambler boysenberry Thoroughbred : Names 2003 Domestic Island coon arose be shorthaired and dictionary and consulted by or broad Red horse The Terms coon animals University horticultural pointer cat or the for and theguides horticultural proper of categories. Chicago. to spelling nomenclature Allof rights breeds ICZNof and domestic ICBN

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.138: Horticultural cultivars http://www.chi 1 of 1the cagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec138.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:38 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.138 Many names trademarks. marks; quotation is a the The mingles For Horticulture :no Queen Names Peace hybrid impeccable horticultural 2003 Horticultural that intervening any with of and mark. by must following Agastache Such the rose sheaves (bibliog. The Terms usage, be If Market names University punctuation. cultivars respected the cultivars punctuation Apricot of consult should English 5). asterfuchsia cape of (cultivated since be Sunrise, any name Chicago. enclosed is issue they placed follows (Phygelius may best of All varieties) in after the be the rights single grown registered magazine Latin salmon the in have quotation closing name, zone Leap) fanciful 6, there

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.139: Overview http://www.chicagomanualofsty 1 of 1the le.org/ch08/ch08_sec139.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:39 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.139 Only editors American and the Mouse : Human Names Format the 2003 Overview Genome working most Medical and Gene byDatabase (both The Terms basic Nomenclature in Association in University the guidelines bibliog. (both fieldin Committee ofbibliog. Manual 1.1) can Chicago. genetics and be ofDatabase offered online Style 5). All databases should rights or here. and consult Scientific the Writers including theStyle or

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.140: Genes http://www.chicagomanualofstyle. 1 of 1the org/ch08/ch08_sec140.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:39 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.140 Names that originally Gene other initial nomenclature nematodes, products genes, Human IGH@ GPC3 SNRPN BRCA1 Mouse NLP3 Fgf12 Rom1 Cmv1 Wnt1 GIF Only HLA-DRB1, : (gene Names form names (the (gene a 2003 Genes of gene primates. genes are very capital; genes, and and a symbol symbol); for by italicized contain symbols plants, set symbol); part few systems often The Terms human in or Mouse gene of rat @ University roman. gene no are fish) derived indicates GIF such NLP3p leukocyte gene for names because Greek gene set (gastric symbols, names, other vary. symbols (encoded in symbols from contain characters of a they full antigen organisms Protein family Chicago. are the intrinsic including are were capitals, are protein; hyphens. usually symbol treated or D-related or usually names, only All (yeast, cluster) roman factor) any of italicized. note rights inferred as similarly. also the arabic spelled numerals. are . fruit p corresponding chain called suffix) the numerals to with flies, (They genes 1 exist.) Gene gene anfor were

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.141: Enzymes http://www.chicagomanualofstyl 1 of 1the e.org/ch08/ch08_sec141.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:40 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.141 Enzyme The (usually are example roman HindIII EcoR ClaI BamHI AvaI : italicized. Names first 2003 Enzymes numeral names below) athree and byconsist bacterium) The Terms represents represents letters, The University roman of from athe which string letter the which of series strain represent Chicago. of number. the that italic enzyme of sometimes bacterium, All the and has rights name roman been follows of and characters. the isolated, the (see organism fifth

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.142: Overview http://www.chicagomanualofsty 1 of 1the le.org/ch08/ch08_sec142.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:40 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.142 The Writers U.S. the Format : United Names following Geological 2003 Overview (both orand bylisted editors States The Terms paragraphs Survey, University Geological working in bibliog. Suggestions offer inSurvey, of the only Chicago. 1.1). geological the to and Authors most All studies Scientific rights general of the Style guidelines. should Reports and consult of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.143: What to capitalize http://www.chicagom 1 of 1the anualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec143.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:40 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.143 Formal omitted into stages. the The formally Early Late Middle early but in :late Names generic Archean Mesoproterozoic Paleozoic Tertiary Paleocene modifiers eras, Quaternary 2003 What Archean Middle geological Cambrian immediately Pleistocene but and by to eras terms (eon) period lowercased Cambrian The Terms capitalize (period) (epoch) early, into University terms eon, following (era) of times periods, middle, era, the areCenozoic when capitalized; and of or used a late periods Chicago. the formal informally. like are into name. All informal are capitalized epochs, rights lowercased Eons terms are and when divided epochs are or used not. into

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.144: Ice age http://www.chicagomanualofstyl 1 of 1the e.org/ch08/ch08_sec144.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:40 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.144 The surrounding terms, Illinoian Holocene Pleistocene the : second Names term 2003 Ice formal ice and age glaciation by interglacial any age The Terms names formal is University best are use capitalized, stage lowercased ofof the or Chicago. II term. because interglacial informal As All with of rights ones the other uncertainty are geological not.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.145: Stratigraphy http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec145.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:41 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.145 Formal terms, Morrison Niobrara Dykwa Ramey : Names 2003 Stratigraphy Supergroup Ridge stratigraphic see Formation Member and by 8.80. Complex The University Terms names are ofcapitalized. Chicago. AllFor rights prehistoric cultural

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.146: Overview http://www.chicagomanualofsty 1 of 1the le.org/ch08/ch08_sec146.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:41 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.146 The Writers consult Astrophysical Press; : following Names 2003 Overview see orand Scientific by Journal editors bibliog. The University Terms paragraphs working Style 5). (published offer and inFormat of astronomy only Chicago. by the (bibliog. most or University All astrophysics rights general 1.1) of and guidelines. Chicago the should

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.147: Celestial bodies http://www.chicagoman 1 of 1the ualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec147.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:43 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.147 are Alpha Aldebaran Cassiopeias 85 Halleys but Saturn The the nontechnical :Pegasi Names names capitalized. Big Crab Magellanic North solar Astrophysical Milky 2003 Celestial Centauri Dipper Nebula comet and of Way Star system Way; bywork, galaxies, Chair The Terms Clouds or hence bodies For University . Ursa the Journal however, Centauri earth, the Pole constellations, Major always Galaxy, Star sun, the of word or Chicago. the and capitalizes our Great moon, would stars, Galaxy. All Bear see be rights galaxy planets, lowercased. 8.149, In a when 8.150. and itsuch means

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.148: Catalog names http://www.chicagomanual 1 of 1the ofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec148.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:43 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.148 Celestial the NGC Bond Lalande Lynds : 6165 Names catalog 619 2003 Catalog 1251 5761 and objects by or name, The usually Terms names L1251 University listed in abbreviated, well-known of Chicago. catalogs and All a number. rights are designated by

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.149: Earth http://www.chicagomanualofstyle. 1 of 1the org/ch08/ch08_sec149.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:43 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.149 In planet, idioms used other Some different Where The Mars, (The not :nontechnical Names gender astronauts preceded as still Astrophysical 2003 Earth planets, on unlike as is the earth and down mythologies. by usually believe accorded proper Earth, by The Terms it have contexts to the.) University is lowercased earth name the Journal to you returned has capitalized, earth the of been? no the or our moon, atmosphere. always of word move is successfully when planet, Chicago. flat. the earth, and capitalizes preceded heaven sun, the especially All in isby and to the rights usually Earth. earth. the Earth, the sense in earth orwhether context omitted. ofvaries in When our or such with in

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.150: Sun and moon http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec150.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:43 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.150 contexts The Some In Gravitational ordinary equivalence Solar interior :specialized Names words moon planets 2003 Sun neutrino and circles matter of and sun by principle. the always have The Terms moon and interaction contexts experiments in Sun. the University moon several Earth lowercased earth, are these and moons. between usually provide as of the words in the Chicago. Moon the our lowercased earth unique may plural. Galaxys might be All circles information capitalized. not rights in dark fulfill nontechnical the matter sun. about theand thethe

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.151: Descriptive terms http://www.chicagoma 1 of 1the nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec151.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:45 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.151 Merely phenomena aurora the gegenschein interstellar : rings Names 2003 Descriptive descriptive borealis and are of bydust Saturn The Terms not orcapitalized. University terms terms applied northern lights of Chicago. to celestial All rights objects or

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.152: Overview http://www.chicagomanualofsty 1 of 1the le.org/ch08/ch08_sec152.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:45 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.152 The Medical Association bibliog. : following Names 2003 Overview writers 1.1). and by Manual The Terms paragraphs orUniversity editors of Style offer should or ofScientific only Chicago. consult the most All thegeneral Style rights American and Format guidelines. Medical (both in

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.153: Diseases, procedures, and such http:// 1 of 1the www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec153.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:45 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.153 Names parts, forming acquired Alzheimer computed Down finger-nose islets non-Hodgkin ultrasound; The like, a : possessive general Names syndrome 2003 Diseases, of though and of part diseases, immunodeficiency tomography and disease Langerhans context. by the test lymphoma ultrasonography of rarely The Terms (see like forms procedures, the University (see syndromes, below) For are term. or used (see Alzheimers, below) CT x-rays lowercased, in Acronyms syndrome below) and medical of diagnostic and Chicago. such Downs, radiation, and or except literature, AIDS initialisms All procedures, Hodgkins, for rights see proper may 8.160. are be anatomical and names capitalized. preferred the in

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.154: Infections http://www.chicagomanualofs 1 of 1the tyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec154.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:46 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.154 Names names Microorganisms of The trichinosis. :persons Names larvae 2003 Infections of (see are infectious and neither by Trichinella 8.12830). with of The Terms of streptococcal University italicized the organisms Names genus spiralis of Streptococcus of nor are infection. conditions Chicago. capitalized. treated are responsible All like based are rights present other on for such specific in the the disease blood

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.155: Drugs http://www.chicagomanualofstyle. 1 of 1the org/ch08/ch08_sec155.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:46 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.155 Generic in be first Medical Format International trademarks, The to :control preference capitalized; Names patient 2003 Drugs use (bibliog. names Association and of by his see takes the The Terms of to Drug multiple they 8.162. drugs, brand generic 1.1) University weekly Names Manual are and names, which sclerosis. often name. (bibliog. injections USP ofof should are Style Dictionary enclosed For Chicago. lowercased. guidance, 5). and of beinterferon For used in Scientific All of parentheses brand USAN rights wherever consult Brand and names beta-1a Style names the possible after and American and must (Avonex) the

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.156: Overview http://www.chicagomanualofsty 1 of 1the le.org/ch08/ch08_sec156.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:46 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.156 for should other (both The : ACS Names following nontechnical 2003 Overview journals, in consult Style bibliog. and by Guide The Terms paragraphs The Physical editors. University 5); AIP (bibliog. those Style offer Review Writers working of Manual 1.1). only Chicago. Letters orin the (bibliog. editors chemistry most and AllAstrophysical rights general working 1.1) should or, guidelines in among physics consult Journal

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.157: Laws and theories http://www.chicagoma 1 of 1the nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec157.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:46 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.157 Names proper Avogadros the Boyles (Einsteins) Newtons : big Names 2003 Laws of names bang law laws, first and bygeneral and hypothesis attached theory The Terms theories theories, law University theory to them. andof ofrelativity the Chicago. like areAll lowercased, rights except for

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.158: Chemical names and symbols http://www. 1 of 1the chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec158.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:47 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.158 Names when without subscript. sulfuric sodium tungsten ozone; : Names written 2003 Chemical of chloride; O3 periods; chemical acid; carbide; and byout. For The Terms names a H2SO4 the list NaCl University elements Symbols, WC and number of symbols and however, of ofatoms compounds Chicago. forare in a the capitalized All are elements, molecule rightssee lowercased appears and15.70. setas a

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.159: Mass number http://www.chicagomanualof 1 of 1the style.org/ch08/ch08_sec159.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:47 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.159 In superscript general hyphen, 238U 14C :formal Names (formal (formal 2003 Mass audience, in and chemical by number full to style); style); The Terms the size. University however, literature, left C-14 U-238 of oror the it carbon-14 of may uranium-238 the symbol. Chicago. follow mass (informal In number All the work (informal rights symbol, appears intended style) style) after as for aaa

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.160: Radiations http://www.chicagomanualofs 1 of 1the tyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec160.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:47 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.160 Terms x-ray beta .-ray gamma cosmic ultraviolet Note context, would radiograph, : Names ray that 2003 Radiations for (noun, (noun ray more ray (in is and electromagnetic (in the by (noun); likely or rays not of verb, nonscientific The Terms nonscientific verb adjective) something. normally (noun); University speak or x-ray, cosmic-ray to adjective) of ultraviolet-ray used radiations To contexts, obtaining contexts, of though irradiate (adjective) in Chicago. medical acceptable may noun an noun refers x-ray All be (adjective) literature, or or spelled rights adjective) adjective) film, to inradiation a or as general where follows. a writers therapy.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.161: Metric units http://www.chicagomanualo 1 of 1the fstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec161.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:48 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.161 Although the professional (metre, is International :maintained Names United 2003 Metric litre, the and byorganizations States, units spellings The Terms within System etc.). University some aChicago of meter, work. American Units, have of For liter, accepts see Chicago. adopted business, abbreviations 15.5864. and either the All so government, on European rights as are used long widely in spellings as or the consistency used in

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.162: Trademarks http://www.chicagomanualofs 1 of 1the tyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec162.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:49 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.162 Brand in better Although names no omitted people to here see Bufferin; Coca-Cola; Jacuzzi; Kleenex; Levis; Ping-Pong; Monopoly Pyrex; Vaseline; Scrabble Xerox; Registered Patent Association. :their dictionariesshould legal Names 7.81. again 2003 Trademarks names on choice to heat-resistant photocopier and wherever jeans the product requirement products whirlpool (facial) and use buffered petroleum by there cola table trademarks Trademark that symbols Thetennis Terms is both are to packaging possible. is University (Kleenex tissue the aspirin bath substitute no jelly registered to Office glassware may be and proper legal use capitalized be and and Note these facial of often requirement. found and athe in Chicago. trademarksoften also generic promotional symbols, the accompany tissue, on International that if term generic the All they some For Web and not rights trademark must when material, terms computer sites they companies just so Trademark be available. indicated should in of Kleenex), used. reference names, the there want be U.S. A is but

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.163: Lowercase initial letter http://www.ch 1 of 1the icagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec163.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:50 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.163 Brand lowercase begin capitalizing sentence Company following, be Beecham). :left Names 2003 Lowercase names a sentence or unchanged so and initial See by product and or the the The Terms also names followed initial name in first University letter (WordPerfect, names 8.6. normal ofletter does letter companies by, (eBay, with not prose. aof inHarperCollins, appear an lowercase Chicago. iMac, that internal that Chicago at etc.) position are the letter All recommends capital spelled pose beginning. rights or, (midcap) SmithKline aimmediately with problem better, either a should if they the recasting

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.164: Overview http://www.chicagomanualofsty 1 of 1the le.org/ch08/ch08_sec164.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:50 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.164 The pages; openings; journals, as longer (lectures, musical and :to Names following bibliographies, 2003 Overview shorter in works works, tables and newspapers, by(parts, etc.), The Terms guidelines cited works and of University plays artworks. contents; in (stories, see chapters, and text and chapters apply other or films, of For at poems, to notes. sections), Chicago. freestanding chapter, details 16 titles radio and articles, They 17. All as and on article, unpublished apply they citing rights publications television etc.), appear to or titles titles section divisions works onin programs, as title of well notes books, of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.165: Capitalization http://www.chicagomanua 1 of 1the lofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec165.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:50 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.165 In chapters) (Like Regardless capitalized commonly, foreign :their Names 2003 Capitalization This), titles, original and most in by of either or headline The Terms their titles inform see University caps in original 10.3. appear sentence style (on andtitle small (see ofstyle either appearance, Chicago. pages 8.167). caps, in (see or capitals csc All quoted For at capitalization 8.166) rights the (LIKE and titles head or, lowercase, THIS). more of may articles be of clc or

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.166: Sentence style http://www.chicagomanua 1 of 1the lofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec166.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:51 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.166 In first style library are species quotations Crossing hybrid: :sentence-style Names very 2003 Sentence word is catalogs. names) A commonly long Magnolia and success by titles, in as The Terms a or style that subtitle, in University capitalization used It denudata story works require is see in also and reference whose 8.171. with their of useful any Chicago. headings M. only proper own liliiflora lists in the internal works All names include first (see rights whose to are chapter capitalization. word terms create capitalized. section in(such 16) a new title, and headings asFor This the

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.167: Headline style http://www.chicagomanua 1 Little lofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec167.html 8 8.167 governed a capitalized; or recommends rigorous words conjunctionsbut and when used Down, (before expression etc.). Lowercase simplicitys name, that hyphenated prepositions, the parentheses Mnemonics Singing A Four Taking Tired The From Sitting Enjoy Traveling Voting Issue Ten (3) of : printed last Names conventions last an. following Editor Hectares 2(3) they adverbially would Theories Homo Headline (nouns, on such but 9/30/2006 (4) Down for word (3) in While on by but words in Learning and page), are the That Happy erectus with Look used Lowercase be terms, as the aper Lowercase The refer Names, some in generally sake. Terms mixture pronouns, stressed words lucius lowercased as examples You concerning Anonymous style following both Work Floor Fido, Bond of a On Before adjectivally (4) 12:51 emphasis, see or adverbs, Capita, are title); see Work Is to headline Button, (6) Spelling in adjectivally to Are Issue, rule the rules a Homo in but of always prepositions, 8.16870. PM accepted: titles (through You and Lowercase illustrate Dangerous verbs, Esox Better Assistant an aesthetics rules, conjunctions in the A but others 4). or sapiens: and etc.), Leap, as 26. Empty Good but style, text, Them lowercased or lucius, as Gospel Landownership and (2) in grammar. adjectives, Than Voting pragmatic in adverbially For adjectives, Dog require (1) (up etc.), any the Thing Out, Room, in Lowercase are such rule (5) admittedly A (the regardless words Rules according to Always subtitles River in grammatical second or Brief used and, and For as 1; (2) but Travel Some (unless Look or the appearance a rather de that the That Typing and decision. adverbs, Runs as are but, History Turn and capitalize the (De part consult words Up, or arbitrary, conjunctions numbers to With Against and of part can Dont Per used articles Through Facto, for, von. On, than down function, of Matthew Them length, are all be (3, Capita and of a Webster. Tune as Chicago or, For logically species proper used in Up the always the other a In 5, 5) the some It), are title the, Turn Latin nor. (3) (3, In, except Vitro, 6) Bond Income first for as first major are name All 4) and a, (5) on

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.167: Headline style http://www.chicagomanua 2 of 2the lofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec167.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:51 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, Progress reserved. If performing would 5.170. youstress 2003 are in(or by not In the The Vitro sure even word, University what if Fertilization you capitalize grammatical are), of Chicago. try it; (3) function reading if not, All the rights a word lowercase title isaloud: it. See ifalso you

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.168: Hyphenated compounds in titles http:// 1 of 1the www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec168.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:51 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.168 Two style some traditional in precedes :this Names options but 2003 Hyphenated are manual, disdained the and offered by for set one The Terms capitalizing of the compounds generally University herefirst, by rules first others, (see option, ina preferred of titles a and, 8.170). hyphenated Chicago. simple requiring second, by Contrary rule Chicago. All compound aa (see rights complex single to8.169), practice inparagraph, but headline beloved more elsewhere of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.169: Hyphenation: the simple rule http://ww 1 of 1the w.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec169.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:51 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.169 Capitalize a Death-defying An Good :All-American proper Names 2003 Hyphenation: noun and by Feats only The Terms or the Girl: adjective. University the first by How simple Nineteenth-century element a Non-English-speaking of rule Chicago. unless any All Tightrope rights subsequent Immigrant Walkers element Made is

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.170: Hyphenation: the more tradi... http:// 1 of 1the www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec170.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:52 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.170 (1) subsequent coordinating modifiers first stand second Do number (see Under-the-Counter Sugar-and-Spice Record-Breaking Cross-Stitching The Self-Sustaining Anti-intellectual Does Lolitas A Twenty-First-Century but inconsistent Hand-me-downs unstressed Run-ins :not Two-thirds History Names Always E-flat the E-mail 2003 Hyphenation: element by element capitalize (twenty-one, and itself last Twenty-first and as of by capitalize elements Concerto elements) Alter Take-offs conjunctions flat Majority the here) The Terms is three and unless as Stories Borrowings for Reactions merely Chicago University or the Transactions Pursuits Speech Forget-me-nots the a unless etc.). examples Beginners sharp word History the it second of Birthday (lowercase more aLying-In for is Non-English-Speaking Patterns? first (and, prefix (anti, they following (5) from traditional a Girls of element below). (first, proper Break and Chicago. element. are but, Medium-Sized or pre, (lowercase short or Hospital Out-of-Fashion articles, combining for, musical noun in a Boys if etc.), rule and rules a lowercased, All (2) or, or hyphenated unstressed when short rights Capitalize key do proper Libraries prepositions, nor) form Representatives not symbols. it Initiatives and or that capitalize adjective. doesnt would spelled-out such elements) any could (3) look work If not the (4) the

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.171: Quotations as titles http://www.chicag 1 of 1the omanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec171.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:52 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.171 When title, subtitleor, be We in My but :Kingdom in the Names all aheadline 2003 Quotations quoted sentence-style Gold live and by for Rush if more The Terms sentence, style. a the as Horse: University like titles quotation capitalization brutes or atof Memoirs least is than Chicago. of the like a aDisappointed is subtitle, full often humans: All clause, rights appropriate. a Labor preceding Car is Owner used and Capital asfollowing A titlemay a

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.172: Quoted titles: font and capita... http 1 of 1the ://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec172.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:52 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.172 When journals, 8.17881); are Only foreign Many Refer Style : set Names quoted initialisms editors 2003 Quoted to Manuals. in titles, the and plays, by titles roman in titles: use article The Terms text see and or The University of or acronyms 10.37. font other articles, enclosed Chicago titled listed and freestanding A of should Manual capitalization in chapters, Comparison Chicago. a bibliography, quotation be Style. of set works All and of marks in rights other the areMLA full titles (see italicized shorter capitals. and 8.187). of the books, works (see For APA

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.173: Subtitles http://www.chicagomanualofst 1 of 1the yle.org/ch08/ch08_sec173.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:52 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.173 A capitalization, title from in em not necessarily Manuals Tapetum Chicagoa but :dash subtitle, anormally Names apage bibliography 2003 Subtitles title rather character of and Good by or whether capitalized. Style: by considered The Terms in than Town always a astates: University different it chapter Guidelines, in a is colon sentence-style begins separated to See Analytical heading be typeface, is of also with a used, Not Chicago. subtitle, from 17.54. a keys Strangleholds capital subtitle what or when the All headline-style follows and (sentence quoted title rights letter. is by the often instyle) the first (headline atext Although colon. em distinguished word dash orstyle) listed When is onnot is aan

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.174: Permissible changes to quote... http:/ 1 of 1the /www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec174.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:53 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.174 When letters preserved, (but that in discretion, rarely, :upper Names aPermissible see words 2003 title such a 8.175). and and numeral by regardless in an is as lower The Terms full ampersand quoted, Capitalization University changes or may capitals case .), of(see be its hyphenation, the (&) spelled toon original ofthe quoted style 8.172). may Chicago. should beoriginal out. used titles changed spelling As and See also in a All punctuation matter also the be title to rights (including surrounding preserved, and, 17.52. of page editorial or, should should more non-Latin except text be be set

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.175: Punctuation in quoted titles http://ww 1 of 1the w.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec175.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:53 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.175 On commas title need itself.) on comma. typeface, dash original, quoted capitalized headline Disease, article. Melodrama Brownings Milton Book For Chicago examples :a title Names more be line in 2003 Punctuation is are If titles added the Friedmans pages, quoted, A capitalization. Pain, on above), and by title a see Unveiled: by sometimes date Roman colon original in titles itself; The Terms only 17.54.) and running and where at and such Murder see University in must subtitles if the Sacrifice: Capitalism within subtitle American quoted omitted when should 8.184, the commas it The end be text, Story: is The title quoted, added following titles of titles clear be are 8.187. of from should on notes, first Theater aA Toward and retained. Chicago. often title a when normally Reading (as the that it title Freedoma three be examples and should the a and in appears ends or added. they Psychology page bibliographies the All subtitle (For punctuated are Culture, of of are be The Best-Seller third rights are illustrate books, in lines. (Serial two preceded used very distinguished Ring sometimes is subtitles of 18001850 and and the When in quoted. Suffering large commas and fourth using bythe the fourth for aaway type, work appears in A is by an the

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.176: Punctuation vis- -vis surrou... http://w About 1 ww.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec176.html of 1the 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:54 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, Since affect His 8.185. after 1993, 8 reserved. 8.176 : role Names a Sam) 2003 Punctuation the title in and punctuation by Play is TheIt Terms avisUniversity noun Again, of -vis form, the Sam surrounding of any surrounding confirmed Chicago. punctuation text his All text. stature. rights within See also it (No should 6.43, commanot

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.177: Double titles http://www.chicagomanual 1 of 1the ofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec177.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:54 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.177 Old-fashioned or traditionally second consistently. Englands :are Names 2003 Double traditionally title and Monitor; Monitor, bybegins titles The more Terms double but University or, or with titles quoted The simply The aHistory capital. History (or as of as in Chicago. titles in the of of the Either the first the and second. All Separation Separation subtitles) form example, rights In acceptable is both less connected forms,if the by used

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.178: Freestanding publications http://www.c 1 of 1the hicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec178.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:55 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.178 Titles and print notes, headline a : sections bibliography Names 2003 Freestanding or and or electronic style and bibliography. byof subtitles The Terms (see or newspapers University reference publications form 8.167), of In books, are that text though list ofpamphlets, italicized Chicago. are and (see sentence published notes 8.166). when All periodicals, they style rights mentioned separately aremay capitalized be newspapers, in in used text, either in

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.179: Full and shortened titles http://www.c 1 of 1the hicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec179.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:55 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.179 A in may short Hawking, Hawkings That lucidity. In but :The title the Names be dreadful 2003 Full titles text. dropped Old cited in and Brief by and Curiosity Ain AOld The Terms in Brief shortened subtitle if notes, History full University it Curiosity History does Shop, in see may of titles the not 16.42. Time Dickens be of Shop of notes fit omitted, Time, Chicago. explains character, the or. . opens bibliography surrounding .or All black an up Quilp rights initial the holes syntax. universe. . may .with a, . bean, shortened For alarming or the

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.180: Initial the in periodical titles http:// 1 of 1the www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec180.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:55 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.180 When the, a retain official She 17.19596.) We Did :read sentence) Names reads you newspapers even 2003 Initial the Le see part and if the by article Monde and the part The Terms the of Chicago and not review the and University of in in periodicals italicized. the title. Die the Tribune periodical in official Zeit original the (For of onForeign-language while Frankfurter Chicago. are notes the titles title, languagebut mentioned traveling train. and All is Allgemeine? bibliography, lowercased rights inonly text, titles, Europe. if(unless an it however, see initial is an it begins

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.181: What to italicize http://www.chicagoma 1 of 1the nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec181.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:55 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.181 Only added She I His but : article read Names subscribes the 2003 What descriptive itofficial and both by to was The Terms italicize to in reprinted University name term Newsweek Time of in is magazine aand lowercased periodical ofthe the Chicago. and New Economist. in and York should the All set Times Washington rights in beMagazine. roman. italicized. Post. An

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.182: When not to italicize http://www.chica 1 of 1the gomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec182.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:56 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.182 When of Los Chicago Tribune :aAngeles Names the building, 2003 When Defender Tower name and by not Times The Terms of toCharities organization, aBook University italicize newspaper Award prize, of periodical or Chicago. or the All isrights like, part itof isthe notname italicized.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.183: Titles as singular nouns http://www.ch 1 of 1the icagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec183.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:56 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.183 A Coconuts : Names title, 2003 Titles being and and byCoquinas as The Terms asingular singular University describes nouns noun, of island Chicago. always takes life Allon rights a singular Fort Myers verb. Beach.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.184: Terms within titles http://www.chicago 1 of 1the manualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec184.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:57 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.184 foreign roman should also From A Fiction : Names term Key 8.175, Tyrannosaurus 2003 Terms type to in remain word, Whiteheads and a by (reverse within quoted 17.60. The Terms a in genus italics University titles title rex italics). Process name, toand that King or of be is and the Kong: Chicago. A enclosed itself title Reality name Large normally of within All in aquotation Creatures rights ship, a title, italicized, isin set marks. however, Fact in and such as a See

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.185: Title not interchangeable wit... http: 1 of 1the //www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec185.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:57 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.185 The a Dostoevsky about Edward and In (Not Schulte :their work. Names title Punishment In 2003 Title Crime Wasioleks discussing . book and of . by wrote not and .) aThe Terms work interchangeable Punishment) and aCraft University book book The should the on Craft about Critics. of Crime not Translation, of crime be Chicago. with and Translation, used and Punishment subject to punishment. Biguenet All stand rights Biguenet is for and titled the (Not Schulte and subject . . . .of Crime .

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.186: Series and editions http://www.chicago 1 of 1the manualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec186.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:57 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.186 Quoted italicized. of Late the a :the Modern book Names Loeb Crime Editions: 2003 Series titles title. in Classics Library and the by The and The Terms of Justice Heritage Cultural words editions book edition University series of Studies Sociology of for and Chicago. editions edition the End Series All are are of rights capitalized capitalized the Century only but if notpart

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.187: Articles http://www.chicagomanualofsty 1 of 1the le.org/ch08/ch08_sec187.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:58 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.187 Quoted newspapers, essays, and the fourth John of In Anthony Tom The received :chapter British Names enclosed original article S. Outlands 2003 Articles titles example.) and Elliss Grafton unexpected and by Studies. 3 chapter individual Schillers in title, of The Terms of Story, quotation article The . articles University . andby single Footnote, . attention. selections part Reconciling Ode and marks. Willa quotation of titles, to features How Chicago. Cather, Joy (If in the titles books there marks the in in Historian .Celt Beethovens All periodicals . are must of . rights short set quotation appeared be Found in used, Ninth stories and roman His in marks as Symphony the Muse, type in orJournal in the

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.188: Collected works http://www.chicagomanu 1 of 1the alofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec188.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:58 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.188 When are collected The Collected : editors Names included two 2003 Collected or and works, Works, by more in introduction The Terms works a works, they . University single . .are originally volume, best to ofitalicized the Chicago. often Critique published asAll part when of rights as Pure of quoted. separate an authors Reason books, in Kants

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.189: Parts of a book http://www.chicagomanu 1 of 1the alofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec189.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:58 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.189 Such introduction, whether are For Full The names. : book Names lowercased author further generic details 2003 Parts used contains and by states of documentation, terms in are The Terms appendix, across-references and book given University in a as set glossary, her foreword, in bibliography, preface roman the see of bibliography. a the Chicago. preface, type. subject orappendix. that in. glossary, reference .acknowledgments, index, All . rights and and toan index, another index of work,

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.190: Numbered chapters, parts, a... http:// 1 of 1the www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec190.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:58 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.190 lowercased abbreviated arabic letters sometimes This The figure These Turn : range Names words Latin matter to 2003 Numbered connections numerals, 4.1. are section and chapter, put text is by and in used, is presented The Terms in chapters, spelled parenthetical discussed appears 5(a) regardless parentheses. University they are part, for illustrated out may in numerically parts, appendix, in further appendix in be of chapters of references). text upperSee how Chicago. and examples. also in table, (though they B. in so or 4 table table on 9.3031. and appear lowercase All figure, Numbers sometimes 5. A3. 4.2 rights in and are the and diagrammed the like given original. are in in are If

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.191: Titles of poems http://www.chicagomanu 1 of 1the alofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec191.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:59 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.191 Quoted in constituting Robert marks. Dantes Will In mentioned, :literary quotation Names 2003 Titles titles Frosts Inferno and by it studies of marks. a The Terms of is book, poem poems most usually University Ais The where poems very italicized Housekeeper better many long are ofpoems, Chicago. set poetic to and set inshort in roman work, not all All his enclosed their and rights type especially collection long, titles and inare enclosed quotation one A in Boys italics.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.192: First lines http://www.chicagomanualof 1 of 1the style.org/ch08/ch08_sec192.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:59 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.192 Poems sentence poem Shall : Names itself). 2003 First referred I compare style and by lines The Terms See tothee (but University by also according first to 18.149. a Summers line of torather Chicago. theday? capitalization than Allby rights titleused are in capitalized the

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.193: Titles of plays http://www.chicagomanu 1 of 1the alofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec193.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 12:59 | PMAbout the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.193 Quoted Shaws italicized. Unpleasant : Names 2003 Titles titles Arms and by and of The Terms of plays the plays, University Man,regardless in volume of Chicago. ofof 2 the his All length Plays: rights ofPleasant the play, and are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.194: Divisions of plays or poems http://www 1 of 1the .chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec194.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:00 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.194 Words are canto marks. stanza act : 3, Names usually 2003 Divisions denoting 2 5 and scene by lowercased, 2Terms The parts ofUniversity plays of neither long or poems of italicized poems Chicago. or acts All and nor rights scenes ofin enclosed plays quotation

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.195: Written works http://www.chicagomanual 1 of 1the ofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec195.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:00 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.195 Titles collections, type, Names title italicized, equivalent speeches, In Works, A Library Letters Papers Giangrecos research. :Canal aNames masters 2003 Written capitalized of of at .Boat of and manuscript a and unpublished see . the by not-yet-published term), Congress but . other Third printouts The Terms works 8.82. thesis, Journey, George the University as in material Millennium collections word See Manuscripts titles, parentheses, Arents workstheses, Charles of 1857, also forthcoming speeches, may Library of and book 17.122. (forthcoming) an Valentin be Chicago. take Division, enclosed anonymous that must found dissertations, and of noSyracuse (or is follow so quotation Alkan in All in in under describes onare manuscript the continues press rights quotation the and Collis contract University. set marks. or title. His manuscripts .this some Pianoforte in . P. marks. .Huntington roman The may For the other line beof in

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.196: What to italicize http://www.chicagoma 1 of 1the nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec196.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:00 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.196 Titles italicized. and The PBSs WFMTs Casualties, Theatre but Formal set Voice the : Sundance Names enclosed classic Godfather ten in Discovery 2003 What Sesame of of From names roman. series oclock America and movies by to Aand movie the in Street of The Terms italicize single II an Channel quotation Recording news broadcast and episode Disney University Gone ofwith episode television channels in marks. Horn networks, the The of Fortunes in Chicago. a Wind television and channels, radio AllWar, of rights programs series andathe Masterpiece islike are set are in roman

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.197: Analogy to print http://www.chicagoman 1 of 1the ualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec197.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:01 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.197 Any CD-ROM), the words, sections enclosed such chapter : same Names work works 2003 Analogy periodicals 17. available whether way of in and by as works quotation as The Terms to databases the print or University are on or not works the complete set marks. itin or Internet described also DVDs) ofworks roman For Chicago. exists citing in or and, in notes are as in 8.16495. where electronic All a italicized; print or CD-ROM rights bibliography, appropriate, form, In (or works other articles part is treated (including of or see a

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.198: Online sources http://www.chicagomanua 1 of 1the lofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec198.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:02 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.198 Works matter: poems, in An Reality For Chicago :excerpt quotation Names help 2003 Online available short books can Manual with and by from be sources stories, marks. The Terms or style found of online Albert book-length University Style For matters, on and are Borgmanns citing the Q&A the treated University of works visit on like online Chicago. our 1999 much are the Web material, italicized; set book of regularly the site. All Chicago in same Holding rights roman see as updated Press articles, printed and chapter On to enclosed Web feature 17. The site.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.199: Web sites http://www.chicagomanualofst 1 of 1the yle.org/ch08/ch08_sec199.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:02 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.199 Web without 6.17, : sites, Names 2003 Web 6.82, quotation and sites by if 6.110, The marks. Terms titled, University 6.119, should For 7.44. of set be typographic Chicago. in roman, All rights treatment headline of URLs, style, see

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.200: Electronic files http://www.chicagoman 1 of 1the ualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec200.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:02 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.200 File lowercased. : Names names 2003and Electronic by may See The Terms be 7.79. files University or italicized of set Chicago. in roman, All rights capitalized or

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.201: Overview http://www.chicagomanualofsty 1 of 1the le.org/ch08/ch08_sec201.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:03 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.201 The for musicological about musicology, : citing Names following 2003and Overview Music by musical (bibliog. see The Terms paragraphs material 7.7075. University works. 1.1). should are See Writers For of intended also consult Chicago. typographic or editors fig. only D. 16.16. All Kern as conventions rights working generalwith Holoman, guidance Writing used highly in

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.202: Operas, songs, and the like http://www 1 of 1the .chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec202.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:03 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.202 Titles compositions enclosed poems Handels Rhapsody All Finlandia The Oh, first Wohin La the : Names vendetta, Anvil You Star-Spangled What 2003 Operas, (see line, of from Messiah in Need and operas, a by 8.19192). Chorus quotation Blue Beautiful so are Die The Terms songs, Is oh, headline italicized. Love sch University oratorios, la Banner from and vendetta ne marks, Mornin style) Verdis Mthe llerin offrom like tone Titles capitalized Chicago. Ilpoems, Trovatore of Oklahoma Thesongs Marriage Allthe and in rights other are (a same title set oflong Figaro in way asroman musical as as much anda

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.203: Instrumental works http://www.chicagom 1 of 1the anualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec203.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:04 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.203 Many namessymphony, number italicized. referring plural indicating B-flat the Concerto Allegro piano Bart Bachs Hungarian Piano Concord Air Symphony Suite Elliott Augusta : Menuetto Names with instrumental ks 2003 Instrumental concertos Sonata no. or nos.) Nocturne; Mass appassionato, Sonata Carters Read no. Concerto Variations and key to Rhapsody 5 by keys, A in a is from 2 no. 6 Thomass The Terms or descriptive full section for Bset in E quartet, both. see Chopins Minor 2 String University works the for FPiano works no. (Concord, work, in Major; (The 7.71.) First from Orchestra Triple Such of roman 12; are Quartet nocturne, and title, set a nocturnes Harmonious Brahmss the known names work. Symphony; of and Orchestra; Mass., Concerto in Twelfth Sixth Chicago. (or no. however, roman usually by are The and Second Concerto 184060); 5 their Symphony; Blacksmith) capitalized abbreviation the and (Nights so and Hungarian the All lowercased. onand is third his generic in Piano second rights usually for quotation Charles Figment the Midsummer movement often Concerto; Orchestra) Rhapsody. but from no. movement, Pastoral italicized (For not Ivess for a (number; Handels marks Blaze) letters cello twoifif

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.204: Opus http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.o 1 of 1the rg/ch08/ch08_sec204.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:04 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, for (see Sonata Fantasy 1993, 8 reserved. 8.204 The and a [Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis]; : Mozart). particular Names abbreviation usually 6.31), 2003 Opus in inE-flat, and C by no lowercased. When Minor, composers The Terms comma op. op. University K. precedes (opus; or 31, 475; An works ano. D. catalog abbreviation Fantasy plural of [Deutsch] it. 3; isChicago. Sonata always number opp. K. 475 for op. or designating capitalized All is opera) Schubert; 31 used rights restrictively is(e.g., aK. set catalog [K inchel] BWV roman of

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.205: Recordings http://www.chicagomanualofs 1 of 1the tyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec205.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:04 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.205 ensemble movements, paragraphs In Ensemble Lennon famous bore Miles ever The His the She Minor. Metropolitan :aobtained Names name Pink Majesties English CD no made. 2003 Recordings Davis, and White titled title). of set plays Floyd and by and above. McCartneys an Romantics, in Album Kind a Opera. The Terms the The . album Clerkes video roman. .of University See likeare Art . (so is Blue, Dark of also Individual of song called includes italicized, 1998 Verdis the Side 17.26972. is treated I of CD, Trumpet, because one Will of Chicago. Vaughan Falstaff Hear items of the that as appeared the the Moon My illustrated the in Williamss All of most Prayer: presented cover the New is the rights in influential a albumsongs, York performer was favorite the Choral in Mass by Trumpet white Beatles the Music in of or and jazz Ghers. of records

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.206: Paintings, statues, and such http://ww 1 of 1the w.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec206.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:04 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.206 italicized, than (whose Titles Rothkos marks. Leonardo Hogarths There the North Canyon : Venus Names Winged the 2003 Paintings, are creators of Dome, artist, Orange da and paintings, photographs series several de by Victory whether Vincis Milo The Terms one are Yellow statues, or of University copies of the translated. often Mona drawings drawings, Ansel are Orange titles Lisa of and unknown) set Adamss Michelangelos of The such in and statues, are Chicago. The roman Rakes The original, are photographs names Last usually and and Progress All of enclosed Supper David. other rights added works setKings of works by of in inroman. someone antiquity quotation of artother River are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.207: Cartoons http://www.chicagomanualofsty 1 of 1the le.org/ch08/ch08_sec207.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:05 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.207 Titles The italicized. Willy Doonesbury Dilbert : Far Names 2003 Cartoons n of Side Ethel and regularly by Terms The University appearingof cartoons Chicago. orAll comic rights strips are

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.208: Exhibitions and such http://www.chicag 1 of 1the omanualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec208.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:05 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.208 Titles are. A Guggenheim We Art In the :her remarkable saw Names Worlds Century-of-Progress New Institute show), 2003 Exhibitions of the introduction York and exhibitions by Museum. show Judith Columbian Worlds exhibition, The Terms of Mary Chicago. University and A. to Fair Cassatt: Barter such and Exposition Mary Expositions Motor fairs Cassatt: writes of Modern Cycles, Chicago. are .(included not Woman Modern . was . italicized, All mounted when Woman rights more visiting (the than at but the catalog catalog one thefair) of titles

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.209: Signs and notices http://www.chicagoma 1 of 1the nualofstyle.org/ch08/ch08_sec209.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:05 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.209 Specific headline a The She We intention :were quotation. Names door encountered 2003 Signs puzzled wording style was and of by and marked making The Terms in notices the by of University running the common Authorized usual a purchase notice text. Thank short of Anyone Personnel will Chicago. A You signs longer for leave entering or Not All notice Only. notices disappointed. Smoking rights this isis better signs. store capitalized treated with no as

The Chicago Manual of Style Online 8.210: Mottoes http://www.chicagomanualofstyl 1 of 1the e.org/ch08/ch08_sec210.html About 9/30/2006 15th Edition 1:05 PM | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 8 reserved. 8.210 Mottoes in capitalized. Souvent The :another Names flag motto 2003 Mottoes may me bore and All by language, souviens be See The Terms the treated for also University motto one is it 6.54. the and is one Dont same usually motto of Tread for Chicago. way ofall italicized as old on my signs. Me. appears All college. rights Ifover and the only wording the the door. first is word

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 9 9.3 In whole numbers, other exceptions and see Thirty-two three cars. The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch09/ch09_sec003.html :nontechnical Numbers Chicagos consult 7.90, property building three population Chicago 2003 numbers numbers, vans. reserved. and section new by and children the Manual any is The general from parking numerals special of contexts, index. held three number University 1. our one of from on rule hundred lots village Style through cases, For beginning are a eleven the ninety-nine-year hyphens will used. Online of following see years now one Chicago. families provide a9.3: For throughout stands hundred, used sentence. old. the are with space Chicagos All were at numerous lease. spelled round 5,893. this numbers, For general packed for chapter 540 out: into more10/3/2006 rule Page 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 9 9.10 sometimes millions monetary superscripts Note 9.5960. million million. may billion; By Britain A solar They The billion). http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch09/ch09_sec010.html :the mixture figure Numbers need Chicago Very that were 2003 system. reserved. end million, had or amounts, Editors to trillion. of large of used billion speaking by of more), query probably 4.5 Manual numerals in The the to numbers scientific billion not, working University express see in the fourteenth especially in of traditional reached and 9.2428; as use the Style years in with spelled-out very of order contexts, American Online of this century 2.3 when material is large for Chicago. of British million. often term. they the 25 9.10: numbers see usage, the numbers billion use by given are See All 9.11. usage population Very British of fractional. a 5.202 (in as is thousand (or large See means the the writers under twentyfive also of age numbers a of For 10/3/2006 the Page 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 9 9.38 Era usually common (anno Christ). year Hebrew of BP and follow tradition, These capitals B.C.). chapter periods. are Note higher confusion Herod 4 Britain 4250 Mubarak Rome, BP. The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch09/ch09_sec038.html :the BCE Numbers designations, (before AH fully First campsite Chicago Eras of that BP 2003 Domini, abbreviations Antipas until from reserved. era) year), city precede it. For number expressed [Muhammads] 15, was in published with Small Other acceptable. inclusive (e.g., Dynasty by Choice academic simplicity radiocarbon its [Rome]), Chicago his invaded Manual and the seems The in periods comes (21 AUC the capitals founding forms death. BCE present). 350345 University at in the of BCE39 appears his (ab year to of discipline, traditionally now dates first, successfully least one (before Hegira, the year include andfor following and See survey have Style urbe years. number, recommends with in of era CE) consistency also used BCE). to in of should been the two condita, Note Online of designation or was have at the AH or archaeological 15.41. with eighth Chicago. ways: whereas or each without Cairo in (anno anno that See tetrarch in Western common Lord) appeared be lasted personal full use 9.38: BCE 55 from letter given also either Hebraico, the with in century Hegirae, BC by the capitals periods, or All era), and depends from 1886 Eras world, Latin 9.67. of and about the BC, in others preference. (e.g., CE BC purposes Galilee small full AD 4400 (AH BCE, Page founding guidelines where (of or (before in forms 13,500 are on and however, 1066. 1306). AD 3000 to BP . 1 the no the from . of AD avoid to .1 10/3/2006 in

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.43 In capitalized, works Proper include to part Duden The forms, lowercased. dein, change capitalized be ein die das Deutsch eine etwas nordamerikanische but http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec043.html derretained :Sein German, a pronouns Haus Weltanschauung deutsche platonischen Chicago Nahe Deutsch-Franz Foreign city of Deutsche ber 2003 Capitalization (see ihr, Sch reserved. adjectives are in invariable a (the hmte Osten or proper 1998 nes by all 10.3). 10.42). capitalized. euch, The in Manual Languages whether region) Sie, German Literatur The (a Berliner nouns (see correspondence; quoted familiar name. and German Dialoge University are Ihr, Sprachen sische adjectives of 10.42) language) in and so generally material Style For and Strae ordinary As on woman) words adjectives second-person Krieg further Ihnen, third-person are they Online of ending used lowercased. capitals published Chicago. lowercased. were sentences as exceptions, 10.43: as that informs polite traditionally nouns er pronouns should All themselves before Capitalization or (often Until Exceptions second-person are du, in consult therefore that titles they dich, the referring are date. are of Page 10/3/2006 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.48 Compound component T Rasier-apparat mit-einander Meeres-ufer The r-angel :Chicago Foreign 2003 Word reserved. words elements by division: Manual Languages The should University whenever ofcompound be Style divided possible. Online of words Chicago. between 10.48:their All Word division: compound words Page 1 o f 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec048.html 10/3/2006

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.52 See is In pronouns Lei La (accusative plural handled even il la Posso Vorrei The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec052.html :Chicago normally commercial (accusative commandatore signora 10.3, (singular) Foreign in 2003 Capitalization pregarLa reserved. forms darLe the combined are 10.9. by Rossi lowercased. and same Manual Languages capitalized Ella una The correspondence, and singular), di In dative Ugo way. forms. spiegazione. University (Le, farmi Italian, Voi of Emiliano These Style (plural), plural). La) una in Le and a(dative both pronouns cortesia? Online of title the Loro Chicago. The their and formal 10.52: preceding older (Loro, their singular), are nominative All second-person capitalized singular Capitalization objective Loro) a and proper are forms, and Vi forms, name Page 10/3/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, The finestra. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec053.html 1993, rights 10 10.53 Italian quoted guillemets publications. sometimes in In successive is the Cosa di E Avremo :Chicago which dialogue, used imperial domani? dash, same Foreign 2003 Quoted pensi reserved. matter, uses at guillemets paragraph. la followed by and as speech. the chiese Manual del regio? neve, Languages matter guillemets em The It scare but quoted end dashes fatto also University annunzi of usually by Unlike Alfredo, quotes are Questo Style text uses a the che are (virgolette used thin French, speech io without that regular (see sometimes non Online la voltandosi ofvecchia. for space, posso Chicago. appears 7.58) quotations. if proprio however, 10.53: the quotation diventare aused, is other caporale) in space used di in All the possibile. Quoted matter scatto many as another before between marks same un inFrench to matter French. follows qualcosa della text denote each dash Page in 10/3/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.54 An A follows consonant, po de The allaura londa http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec054.html word :Chicago apostrophe duro malevoli Foreign 2003 Apostrophe reserved. space a vowel; by however, Manual Languages should Theafter is used University of appear no to Style anindicate space apostrophe after Online of Chicago. should an the 10.54: apostrophe appear. that omission All follows Apostrophe of a letter. that Page 10/3/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.55 Italian, unspaced interruptions material, thin Voglio 10.12. Davvero? The :Chicago Foreign spaces 2003 Suspension reserved. quattro like dots [] the by between Manual Languages Non The French, followed or unspaced milioni. points breaks ci University of the avevo uses Style by dots and in brackets athought. pensato. suspension ellipses space) are Online of enclosed Chicago. and to 10.55: To the points indicate indicate All in dots. Suspension brackets, (three See omitted also points with and ellipses Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec055.html 10/3/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.56 In possible. lines (see Consecutive forming The gio-iel-lo pau-sa Giu-sep-pe Gio-van-ni pia-ga miei ta-vo-li-no mi-se-ra-bi-le a-cro-po-li http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec056.html :Chicago Italian, Foreign 10.13). 2003 Word should reserved. a single One-letter by division: division vowels Manual Languages be The avoided sound, University are of vowels is syllables Style rarely made if or aOnline diphthong, of after word divided, at Chicago. the can a vowel 10.56: ends be are and All broken never Word wherever or two beginnings vowels division: elsewherevowels divided. of 10/3/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.57 Certain gli, than Three double beginning The par-te den-tro com-pra cam-po cal-do ac-qua af-fre-schi bab-bo so-gna-re ri-flet-te-re rau-che pa-dre na-sce la-ghi fi-glio aqua-rio http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec057.html :Chicago Foreign gn, itself. 2003 Word groups reserved. consonants; consonant qu, with by division: Manual Languages sc, of The l, consonants, and University groups m, the of consonants r n, Style or group or must lr. preceded however, Online of cqu; never Chicago. and 10.57: be by may any broken: any All be group Word consonant divided: ch, gh,other division: consonants 10/3/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.58 Division apostrophe The li-dea unar-te quel-luomo del-lor-ga-no dal-laccusa :Chicago Foreign 2003 Words reserved. should by (but containing Manual Languages The never see University of 10.54). be Style apostrophes made Online of immediately Chicago. 10.58:All after containing Words an apostrophes Page 1 of http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec058.html 1 10/3/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.59 In Although optional, avoid If be CANT CANTO PAP PAPA E E The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec059.html (and) :Chicago Italian, an used (it Foreign (daddy) (pope) 2003 Special confusion. accented (he (I reserved. is) in the sing) in sang) by place the Manual Languages grave stressed The characters capital following of University accent of the final Style is accent special on not syllables Online of capitalized available, on Chicago. characters stressed 10.59: it an All vowels must Special final apostrophe are beis required. retained vowels. characters may10/3/2006 to Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.60 In medieval that nouns, Renaissance usually De Cur Novum Religio The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec060.html :Chicago English-speaking bello viris Deus Foreign 2003 Capitalization is, Organum reserved. and capitalized Medici Latin Gallico illustribus homo? only by proper and Manual Languages The works the modern University adjectives first of countries, in are Style works the capitalized word English Online of are with in titles Chicago. the capitalized. Latin fashion. 10.60: in title oftitles sentence All ancient Capitalization or subtitle, are and style proper Page 10/3/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.61 A diphthongs oi, The in-no-cu-us cae-li-co-la na-tu-ra http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec061.html Latin :Chicago ou) Foreign 2003 Word reserved. word and by division: (ae, should Manual Languages has The au, as University be of many ei, syllables divided Style eu, syllables oe, Online of between Chicago. ui as syllables. and, 10.61: itin All has Word archaic vowels division: Latin, or syllables ai, 10/3/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.62 When word that they The lex-is in-iu-ri-or me-ri-di-es Cae-sar :Chicago Foreign a is i do, 2003 Word reserved. single and divided are by division: u Manual Languages sometimes The consonant before University ofsingle Style the act written occurs consonant as consonants Online of consonants between as Chicago. j10.62: and except two v). All (and, Word vowels, fordivision: when x. Note the single consonants Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec062.html 10/3/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.63 When divided combinations single chr, and The pa-tris ex-em-pla in-scrip-ti-ones pan-chres-tus ae-qua-lis lin-gua co-phi-nus cunc-tus om-nis :Chicago combinations following tr. Foreign two phl, 2003 Word reserved. consonants before or phr, by division: more Manual Languages noted The consonant the thl, consonants ch, University and last below. of thr, multiple ph, thus Style consonant, groups th, bl, never come Online of gu, br, consonants are Chicago. together, and separated. cl, except never 10.63: qu are cr, All broken: dl, for Word the treated dr, the word division: chl, gl, is as gr, multiple pl, pr, tl, consonants Pag e 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec063.html 10/3/2006

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.66 See and Norwegian. nouns The are. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec066.html :Chicago 10.3, Deres Foreign 2003 Capitalization were reserved. 10.9. (now by Until capitalized Manual Languages The used The the University of polite ever mid-twentieth Style (as more personal in Online of rarely) German), Chicago. century, 10.66: pronouns are but All capitalized Capitalization they common De,no Dem, longer in Page 10/3/2006 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.68 See plural Czekam forms. Pozdrawiam The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec068.html :10.3, Chicago Foreign 2003 Capitalization reserved. pronoun na 10.9. Tw by Ci.! Manual Languages jThe Pa.stwo przyjazd. In (Greetings University formal of Style (you) (I address to await Online of is you!) Chicago. capitalized, the your 10.68: second-person arrival.) All Capitalization as are related Page 10/3/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.69 Division Russian syllabic Note the beginning The sta-ro-pol-ski kom-pli-ka-cja http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec069.html :Chicago end Foreign that 2003 Word reserved. (see of of structure. the of by division a Polish Manual Languages 10.12328). line the Thenext. conjunction University but words of must Style is Division ibe similar (and) Online of carried Chicago. normally should 10.69: toover that All never Word follows to ofthe transliterated appear division atPage 10/3/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.70 Polish Since these word The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec070.html :Chicago Foreign were 2003 Special ., capitalized reserved. requires ., capitalized. by and Manual Languages The characters the . University never forms of following Style occur would Online of special at be Chicago. the needed 10.70: beginning characters. only All Special ifof ancharacters aentire word, 10/3/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.71 See The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec071.html :Chicago 10.3, Foreign 2003 Capitalization reserved. 10.9. by Manual Languages The University of Style Online of Chicago. 10.71:All Capitalization Page 10/3/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 10 10.72 Portuguese If : display Foreign 2003 does Special by requires lines Languages The characters not are University the use to following be ) set ofin Chicago. special full orAll characters small rights capitals, reserved. (except accented that European characters mu st be available. dispensed The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec072.html Chicago with. But Manual in running of Style text Online (upper10.72: andSpecial lowercase), characters accented 10/3/2006 Page capitals 1 of 1 may be

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.74 Serbian alphabet. when . The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec074.html and :Chicago Foreign the 2003 Special . reserved. (as may Latin The by of be Manual Languages The characters following 1999) alphabet replaced University ofuses Style special is by either used. Dj Online of and Chicago. characters the See dj. 10.74: Cyrillic also All 10.1819. Special areor needed the characters Latin10/3/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, The Inglaterra http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec075.html 1993, rights 10 10.75 See name Nouns nations el capitalized. los la do se : a lengua Chicago 10.3, mexicanos Foreign is Perfecta 2003 Capitalization as or ora reserved. normally are well Jaime 10.9. espa Luc by Manual lowercased, Languages The as aola LIn Moyado lowercased. adjectives pez University of Spanish, Style de but Barba Online aof denoting names title Chicago. of 10.75: preceding membership countries All Capitalization aare proper Page in 10/3/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.76 A points upside-down followed included second Because punctuation, is Since immediately marks, earlier Qu Por The Alguien question :favor, being Chicago Foreign pasa, 2003 Question an reserved. example). a the or viene. byto in quoted upside-down writer by or amigo? se question a opening following Manual Languages they The an regular sentence set or marks V in may exclamation d University should it monos! an of marks prefer nde and mark question off mark. English English-style Style begins est exclamation be typographically or are to A retained Online of in exclamation la question with so context mark begin Chicago. Spanish biblioteca integral a looks 10.76: opening a lowercase even (but quotation or is All point odd (see an to when Question preceded see municipal? quotation exclamation Spanish when 11.11). and letter Spanish 10.12). a little marks by(see anand exclamation points Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec076.html 10/3/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.77 For punctuation within them. off preceded space see El The diablo. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec077.html gozaba infernales Su quebrantado : demonio, rez, quotation words 10.12). Chicago Foreign 2003 Guillemets Within unless reserved. the utilizando by que identifying by closing designios. belonging a el Manual Hern Languages a immediately ya The marks, space; quotation, activo andaban nUniversity al guillemets; of Cort Spanish the hijo to the demonio Style Vino muchos sfollowed the closing em speaker. como con Online el of uses quoted dashes cuyo espada other tomados instrumento negocio Chicago. dash guillemets by The poder 10.77: matter may punctuation yis opening por con a be All followed hab tanto Guillemets is used el lanza, de () aplaced sus dash comenta to follows (but Only by set is a Page 10/3/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, Por The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec078.html 1993, rights 10 10.78 In Any same Esto comma. :Chicago dialogue, other Foreign paragraph qu 2003 Dialogue es reserved. el matter estas by Manual arca Languages em The should dashes aqu that de University of No todav Style follows be , introduce afirm preceded a? Online of pregunt the el Chicago. each quoted by estanciero. 10.78: asuccessive dash Juana All speech Dialogue oralarmada. ain speech. Page the 1 10/3/2006 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.79 Spanish, unspaced interruptions material are brackets Hemos Faustino representante [] The dramas. La juntos : personalidad enclosed serv Chicago Foreign 2003 Suspension comenzado reserved. tambi like dots (that and Sarmiento a by de Manual Languages in the n The French, followed or del tema is, brackets, la mdots. points breaks University s intelecto to vida [], para of importante uses serve Style by See and in juntos llamado poemas, aalso with suspension thought. ellipses space) as sudamericano. Online ofthin ellipses), del Chicago. 10.3536. quiz el novelas, to siglo hombre 10.79: Toindicate spaces points la indicate All XIX cuentos terminaremos the [] Suspension between (three es unspaced Elomitted Domingo gaucho y the points dots and ellipses Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec079.html 10/3/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec080.html 1993, rights 10 10.80 In Two possible. diphthong If they sere-cla-mo mu-jer ca-ra-co-les ba-adjacent viu-da tie-ne fue-go cam-bias pacre-er cam-bi :Chicago Spanish, or o-ri-ta l s Foreign are 2003 Word -is reserved. more divided or by division: Manual division vowels Languages a The triphthong) between University of that belong vowels is Style made form syllables. to may Online ofnot after a separate single Chicago. 10.80: a vowel be syllable divided. syllables, All Word whenever division: (ahowever,vowels 10/3/2006 Page 1 of 1

10.81 If beginning The them. and different Groups inseparable middle. Spanish is-le efec-to an-cho al-cal-de ad-ver-ten-cia ac-cio-nis-ta obs-tan-te obs-cu-ro ins-tan-te cons-ta cons-pi-rar te-cla se-cre-to re-gla re-fle-jo pa-tria no-ble ne-gro ma-dre li-bro le-pra im-po-si-ble co-pla ci-fra http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec081.html 10two : consonant trall Chicago Foreign Word oof adjacent wordsare They ch of element three division: pairs and pairs Manual agroups are Languages word, ll consonants that divided inseparable of listed were ofa consonants the bl, can Style compound; long break cl, above after occur cannot not considered Online fl, (unless must ending always the at gl, see occur the s. 10.81: be pl, 10.13). each with have made beginning single together br, Word belongs one an between cr, sof characters, division: in at dr, of the to the the fr, a gr, consonants 10/3/2006 pr, Page 1 of 2

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, The mu-cha-cho ci-ga-rri-llo http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec081.html 1993, rights alphabetized Royal are publications however, single Espa Chicago to ola, 2003 Academy reserved. be sounds. they alphabetized Ortograf by Manual as have The has still For such, University now adopted a of details, cannot de Style and declared as lathis never two-letter lengua be Online consult of divided, that convention. Chicago. divided. espa 10.81: these Real groups, ola since All The Academia Word combinations (bibliog. Along Spanish and they division: new with represent 5). rr,consonants 10/3/2006 Page 2 of 2

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.82 Compound component indes-igual The:til sub-ra-yar sub-lu-nar bien-aven-tu-ra-do semi-es-fe-ra nos-otros mal-es-tar http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec082.html Chicago Foreign 2003 Dividing reserved. words parts. by Manual Languages The compound are University usually of Style words divided Online of Chicago. between 10.82:All Dividing their compound 10/3/2006 words Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.83 Spanish The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec083.html :Chicago Foreign 2003 Special reserved. employs by Manual Languages The characters the University of following Style Online of special Chicago. 10.83: characters. All Special characters 10/3/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.84 See Ni now The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec084.html :Chicago and 10.3, lowercased Foreign 2003 Capitalization reserved. Er, 10.9. by traditionally Manual Languages The in Inall University Swedish of contexts. Style capitalized the Online ofsecond-person Chicago. 10.84: in correspondence, All Capitalization pronouns are Page 10/3/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.85 Swedish The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec085.html :Chicago Foreign 2003 Special reserved. requires by Manual Languages Thethe characters University offollowing Style Online ofspecial Chicago. 10.85: characters. All Special characters 10/3/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.86 See months The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec086.html :Chicago 10.3, Foreign 2003 Capitalization reserved. and 10.9. by days Manual Languages The InUniversity of Turkish, the of Style week Online as are ofin Chicago. capitalized. English, 10.86:All Capitalization the names of Page 10/3/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.87 Modern spelling. of or The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec087.html :Chicago the editors Foreign 2003 Spelling reserved. Turkish same Different by can word Manual Languages The suffers therefore or University of but name Style from not areOnline achieve aoften necessarily of lack Chicago. only of limited encountered. 10.87: standardization erroneous All Spelling consistency. Writers spellings Page in1 10/3/2006 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.88 Turkish Note the retains The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec088.html :Chicago capital Foreign that 2003 Special reserved. requires its there by and dot Manual Languages The characters are the when the University of dotted lowercase following capitalized. Styleand Online of i. special undotted Chicago. A 10.88: dotted characters. varieties All lowercase Special ofiboth 10/3/2006 characters Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.89 In that words Latin Hebrew, well discussion Peter Writing the Congress (bibliog. language The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec089.html :Chicago nonspecialized most Foreign as 2003 Transliteration is, alphabet. T. reserved. or Japanese, ancient Systems Daniels comprehensive publication unfamiliar convert phrases 5). by and Manual Languages The Do illustration These languages (bibliog. and not University works to from Russian, of to the William ALA-LC attempt languages Style languages resource you. it Latin such 5). is and of Romanization Online of Bright, to customary For alphabet, other as scores Chicago. include is transliterate that Greek alphabetic the 10.89: living eds., do of Library to Arabic, and All or not alphabets, Tables Transliteration transliterate The romanize languages Sanskrit. use conversion, from Worlds of Chinese, the asee as 10/3/2006 For Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.90 Some words the Hebrew. check convertible The :Chicago previous Foreign word-processing 2003 Typesetting in with reserved. Authors several by their to Manual Languages paragraphfor The print. who of publishers University non-Latin of the want software See Style non-Latin to also example, alphabets include to Online of allows ensure 2.18. Chicago. alphabets 10.90: Cyrillic, such users that All copy Typesetting to it mentioned keyeasily Greek, should is in and in non-Latin alphabets Page 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec090.html of 1 10/3/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.91 alphabets: Anyone alphabet even occur The other. :Chicago Foreign single 2003 Proofreading when reserved. unfamiliar should by a similar words Manual Languages warning The exercise University with set copy characters of in Style ain language extreme that non-Latin Online of alphabet. are Chicago. caution that mistaken 10.91: uses Grave All in Proofreading for a errors proofreading non-Latin each can copy in non-Latin alphabe ts: a ... Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec091.html 10/3/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.92 Nearly most macrons, many specialized needed publisher, work comfortable u, Shiva Sanskrit that are The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec092.html :Chicago though acceptable Foreign more. on are 2003 Diacritics commonly, and reserved. all to Hindu underdots, letters. listed aid specialists the by systems Except and works, with Manual Languages The pronunciation mythology, sh author. in in Shiva in University in Transliterated most the a any of ayns, Vishnu linguistic system transliteration would Style languages Most than of contexts. for and the actually using is readers .iva want Online of example, hamzas, Merriam-Webster easier Chicago. studies discussed or to forms as 10.92: of with know represent few require though on will aor without All diacritics readers, nonspecialized Vishnu that Diacritics below, other be there diacritics more the different dictionaries diacritics than highly Sh are as Viare10/3/2006 in Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.93 Transliterated not (see term roman usually and Once but into italicize The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec093.html :Chicago become preacher eros. Foreign 7.5152). may the 2003 Italics (see reserved. set be Greek English them by part 7.55). italicized in Manual Languages pointed The versus terms If roman words or of language, University used Words to the of roman (other (see out er.s use Style English throughout on listed the first 7.54). and it than Online of distinction macrons. agap. became language in Chicago. appearance proper a10.93: the work, had unnecessary dictionary names) are been All between aand Italics italicized transliterated absorbed that then are agape to versus havein set roman 10/3/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.94 There Arabic. ALA-LC is Studies should the ) and transliteration Arabic Merriam-Websters among The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec094.html are :Chicago followed following some Foreign 2003 Transliteration is used other reserved. Romanization stick alphabet One (bibliog. no(see of by universally very by the sources.) Manual Languages to The examples, the it next other from may detailed University 5). Collegiate International with of Tables be paragraph). Arabic Having special Style found accepted as only system (bibliog. few are Online of selected the in Dictionary characters exceptions Chicago. included the form may Journal hamza Letters 10.94: alphabet be 5). for a ([bibliog. found system, All Another of ) with used in transliterating as Transliteration and Middle table possible. table underdots in the an the system 10.1. 3.1], East( author ayn in In (The Page 1 of 1 10/3/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.95 transliterated hamzas by typesetter, option the smooth ( especially as mark of The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec095.html )a :Chicago coding in hamza marks printout. for Foreign (ayn). word, 2003 The Quran, reserved. or unless breathing the hamza ( ayns or by by a )quotation which ayn. in Manual Languages by hand (Since The the If and Arabic must nonspecialized and careful necessary, ( The University of on entire the )an of the on the a for hamza words ayn Style every computer ayn mark ayn instructions two manuscript the (often by is )a and the must Online of occurrence marks hamza frequently sometimes worksby single Chicago. names. printout typesetter occurs be is and 10.95: is used to intended. opening Writers to a an make the represented at All appear is rough with be apostrophe, The can the editor not it rekeyed quotation caution.) hamza using use breathing beginning ingood clear, Inserting a or a and from Greek the 10/3/2006 ayn Page 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.97 In hyphen. sounds of transliterating as article-noun the al-Nafud al-Islam al but Bahr an-Nafud The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec097.html :Chicago speech the in Qaeda definite elision, Foreign al-Safi as-Safi 2003 The the reserved. d, Arabic (or definite the n, examples by Manual Languages article, r, combination as al-Qaida) The sound is s, poetry), above. important University article sh, below. of ofStyle al, the t, the is is and In lOnline (for written of usually in assimilations most z.example, Chicago. al Where other is 10.97: without joined assimilated rendering situations, All when The are todefinite indication a the often noun into the sound shown, with the10/3/2006 of article a Page 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.108 Chinese the sometimes cited bibliographies text, technology typeset Hua de preliminary Gorges kexue Harry bunka That 453. and ....) The :Chicago chubu romanized Linfu the Foreign year 2003 or they ...... Harootunian kenky. issued. reserved. Inclusion region and words Imperial terms yanjiu................. necessary ..., the by may has Japanese study Manual Languages 1 ........., The version in since first used. and be made Qingdai (1999): of non-Latin Rescript University enclosed of and glossaries. of original to it the assembly characters, They floods of Sakai Style help much 16879 yilai Qing Shis. the are on in alphabets. readers easier and Naoki, Online characters item dynasty], of Education largely parentheses. Sanxia . .. Where Chicago. droughts . the immediately 7 they [A . than Nihon (July 10.108: identify national needed diqu confined represent, Zhongguo (ky.iku it All in 1997): shuihan kenky. Computer used Inclusion in the following references Diet to running chokugo to Three shehui to are zaihai was beof tooriginal characters Page held http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec108.html 1 of 1 10/3/2006

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 10 10.116 Of important studies free intended ligatures recommends Geographic the Dictionary Geographical Catherine Nizhniy Moscow Dnieper Chekhov The Tchaikovsky http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch10/ch10_sec116.html :Chicago the Cyrillic name Foreign use 2003 reserved. Transliteration many generally Novgorod of for spellings are should the by the Names. (bibliog. systems diacritics Manual Languages alphabet a Dictionary The summarized Great general system be University prefer Regardless in of for avoided. 4.1) (one of Merriam-Websters Style and audience, transliterating (bibliog. in a the and linguistic ligatures, symbol table Online For United of Merriam-Websters Chicago. the however, general 10.3. to 4.2) 10.116: States system one reflecting should Russian, Journals system Biographical All sound). use, diacritics Board followed, Transliteration Chicago prevail. that of works the In on Slavic makes most 10/3/2006 nature and Page of 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.45 Ellipsis fragmented insecurity. positions ellipsis Interruptions 65.) indicated I The blunder! But The :Chicago . Quotations ship . 2003 Faltering reserved. . points I . of by . by speech . but In . Manual the em . The or . the . and or may used dashes. oh ellipsis abrupt that . University accompanied interrupted examples my . of Dialogue be to , is, God! Style used represent changes See said points we .Online to below, 6.90. of . Tom. by speech suggest . Chicago. in confusion and . its omitted note thought yes, 11.45: other sinking! faltering the we All text, Faltering or punctuation. are have relative usually see made cried or or 11.51 an Henrietta. interrupted (For awful speech Page 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec045.html of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.46 In em 10.120. The :Chicago presenting dashes. Quotations 2003 Alternatives reserved. ForFor by guillemets Manual The dialogue, examples, and University to of Dialogue quotation Style ( continental see ), Online of 10.34, see Chicago. marks 10.32. 11.46: Europeans 10.53, All Alternatives 10.78, often useto quotation marks Page 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec046.html of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.47 Thought, may the illustrates consciousness I Vera. Why, Reading was forward God-damned you read The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec047.html :Chicago dont be context following young. were Quotations we his 2003 Unspoken Besides, reserved. enclosed wondered, two to imagined care going F? by You applause idiot! orif interior pages Manual The passage without discourse the bowed to and in we she University dialogue, did apiece Hray! write quotation writers of Dialogue have earnestly, monologue told to from need we Style yourself No-one with offended choose of herself, James of and preference. seven Online of marks letters quotation and striking saw: Chicago. other this Joyces in Morgenstern, books or stream theyre 11.47: the tell route? for interior not, marks. every mirror, face. All Ulysses no-one. titles. of Unspoken according all night, Hurray discourse thought fools. stepping Books Have discourse to eh? for youthe I9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.48 Indirect quotation Tom said Very The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec048.html :Chicago told Quotations so. well, 2003 Indirect reserved. discourse, Huck marks. by you Manual The they discourse say, and University had of Dialogue which but Style to isdo paraphrases there Online of that it Chicago. no11.48: choice? way dialogue, All because Indirect takes the discourse books no 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.49 the small marks hanging bibliographies Stage examples). R. M. mad. for HECTOR, EMMA. here! Now There! The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec049.html :Chicago ROISTER MERYGREEKE. speakers dialoguecaps mad. please, Quotations 2003 Drama caps. and directions Here, reserved. indention breaking is by DOISTER. The take its Manual usually The name and Nay, and dialogue are loose. my getting University and (the is indexes of Dialogue Except unwise coat. set usually usually small Style style Wait is in late. (She and I caps, not flush-and-hang Online of most italicized. have perhaps, a set illustrated minute! envelops Chicago. enclosed in for often her 11.49: abut example, to font Its used him All in my Iin Drama style, distinct quotation wife, warrant freezing in in the or her Page all or following I fur.) shall you from over 1 of 9/30/2006 run 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.50 speakers interjections in flush-and-hang excerpt however, may comments INTERVIEWER: would of RESPONDENT: Europe? with much interested and pathological The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec050.html :Chicago much brackets. Tibet transcription work fellow Quotations GreenNet later. 2003 Discussion be reserved. the from may which better are something in name by in sufferers same New No. Thats Manual Paragraph a be relatively You there-but-for-the-grace-of-god-go-I The such in connecting is style, drama allows and lengthy. if York Nobody and way werent the University of often as many you not of Dialogue interviews a as and or Tibet [laughs] laughter to easier Style discussion indention could seemed really drama followed speakers brief. to avoid also Flush-and-hang thinking to different world the Online of identification use (see because to right. and the Chicago. community by are is to have at or names that the 11.49). appearance 11.50: aI usually connect that an italicized Tibet colon, respondents anything emotional this specifically interview style, appear All time. of Discussion The support preferred of technology to and Tibet of and the to That and an people. is do speaker, the Office groups martyrs enclosed came wasnt treated and to interviews in 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.51 An paragraph, by are followed together may The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec051.html :Chicago ellipsisthe ellipsis three appear Quotations 2003 Definition reserved. by on spaced by or at points other the Manual The more the and omission same and periods University punctuation. end from (or of Dialogue form line, of Style dots), athe of (. quoted but aline . Online of word, not .), They any Chicago. passageis by sometimes above preceding 11.51: phrase, must asterisks. (see All always Definition line, indicated preceded punctuation also Ellipsis appear 11.64). or form and points 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.52 Three method called between presented second, authors the combined preference maintained sometimes 10.36. The 11.1519. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec052.html :Chicago three-dot original Quotations 2003 Three methods reserved. (11.5761); the For the which and to by first adopted by rigorous of throughout capitalizing methods three editors. suit Manual the material. The of method requires an and only using editor. the author, University is by and of Dialogue method (11.5556); usually because The needs English-speaking the Style ellipsis a more Elements or refinement The third as work. (11.6265). of lowercasing care, long Online of made three-dot it aallows Chicago. points is from particular For the as by is the 11.52: of a three-or-four-dot the preferred each maximum consistent European scholars, are the The method simplest. initial All author, can Three described latter, choice work is fidelity be by practice letters, or see methods The pattern many here the here: to see Page is 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.53 More the sentence of quoted. accuracy The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec053.html :Chicago another duty Quotations important 2003 Danger reserved. Accuracy not or of by yet paragraph transcription. Manual of to The than result and skewing misrepresent of University of Dialogue the sense may in Style meaning number aand be statement Online of the syntactically emphasis of Chicago. original. ellipsis 11.53: alien must All Danger points Part joined to accompany the of of used to material one skewing part is 9/30/2006 meaning Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.54 Ellipsis word sentence quotation, been deliberately The 11.65. :Chicago Quotations of omitted, 2003 When reserved. ahas points quotation, by not even Manual been incomplete The unless to and are if University use omitted; the of Dialogue normally even the ellipsis Style end (see sentence if or of Online of not the 11.59). (2) the points Chicago. used beginning after original as 11.54: quoted For (1) the All exceptions, before When of sentence last is the not the word original to has first see of aellipsis points Page 1 use http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec054.html of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.55 works points middle necessary these where semicolon, a lowercased To Prosperos writing of fetters? shows and beheaded incommunicable It case moment not jury the The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec055.html grammatically :Chicago address idiocy is three-dot first true lightning ache; believe crime Quotations until could 2003 The and three the by not, reserved. are of a. the purpose, method many a for omission word didactic should . doubt of by used, a in the robe . gentlemen, I be sentence may . Manual question uniformity . shall loving The method fidelity the flashes . found scholarly after insulated Now Oh, riddle, and be complete of my about . explained whether he University original. and that preceded occursby poetry poem this whole thou speak of Dialogue choose today their is or ellipsis mark, which through that the Style to thy anywhere appropriate between were collision of foundling ones. the sentence, understanding beaten my the . verdict that fellow-men. to its unparticipated from or But . the last Online of omission a to original points . begin my No followeddepending comma, an solution, would Chicago. sentences. see If teach, merely brain the on skull; word more exclamation between fire, of even the 11.55: for also by time is this send occurs a seems I than and is true by putting ostensible face most colon, capitalized if mine . ever All 11.63. which I to what two . grief. jury men The Where ease it commenced three purpose as . of general in lay eye-balls had point. was purposes thou to method aof suggestion on of . the the aside one . jail on the purpose. reading, too . earth if of this single ; explained two for ita the a . ache hast for mans . begins is 9/30/2006 .thy I doPage 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.56 In paragraphs points part. quotation, appear paragraph The :Chicago the Quotations 2003 Paragraphs If reserved. three-dot at before the the of by omitted within a Manual first paragraph the The end the and or method, example University a of first part of Dialogue beginnings quotation the Style indention of quoted the paragraph in aOnline 11.60). of omission paragraph is of word Chicago. indicated and preceding 11.56: (as three of is before All one omitted Paragraphs bythe ellipsis or three the more omitted within third ellipsis points or beginnings a of paragraphs http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec056.html omitt... Page 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 11 11.57 scholarly (see sentence. see dot periodthat word. should of Emersons Note new not out party, vindicates proposes the science, Indian, world commensurate On defensive arts, The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec057.html :Chicago either the three-or-four-dot 11.58). and passage grammatical loving, of population, arts, spirit Quotations 11.62). that 2003 The What any nor be hatred composed other after or no nor method works Four grammatically sentence essay the nor benefit of foster by precedes no the of When is, might it generous Manual Three emancipate with side, property. The the first and right, foster our mark has immigrant. and other there Politics sentence. of is explained three religion, University final be selfishness. to the American dots has no timid, the of Dialogue the and, word shortened it policy, religion, expect method than is ulterior resources Style are been most conservative . indicate omission dot. complete aspires the no normally, after . Compare and From legal used, reads: radicalism . nor space omitted. moderate, slave, in Online of is When it It merely as an and On nor neither science, establish Chicago. appropriate to of does writings an of space sentences four between follows: ellipsis 11.63. the what divine no establish nor the 11.57: omission one party Ais defensive not other able, real occurs are complete befriend party, nation. or follows art, All destructive build, schools. or it ends; . The more used, as is good, for side, and . rights textual within and schools, or both quoted, capitalized when . method of poetry sentences passage but cultivated the humanity, is nor the it the property. before in timid, reserved. a four is brands poor, write, commentary first preceding and explained quoted even conservative nor power, and destructive from dots aimless: aimless. (but the if encourage or at and 9/30/2006 most dot if part no nor It it the has all first part crime, merely is cherish Page begins of the aonly it . true . 1 is it .the of a 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.58 other Other question follow the precedes It As religion. contemptuously degrees and The :Chicago does to other a Quotations 2003 The punctuation punctuationa Endymion, Syrian reserved. three not of mark, or three-or-four-dot punctuation by complacency follows build, Manual (but Tale The or by and was University an never those . .. of Dialogue comma, the it exclamation . depends . Style .? a and four) mark. who nor poem Are aOnline panegyric, method had of colon, cherish ellipsis on See to these Chicago. celebrated, pointmay whether be also with 11.58: athe treated the semicolon, Paris, points. 11.55. men All the arts, The precede with who omission and three-or-four-dot Placement nor .Woman, a.foster various or . of method with othe r pun... Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec058.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.59 Three is last Everyone begins events first Please American shorten The :Chicago deliberately Quotations sentence 2003 Deliberately dots few reserved. with . look it. knows . radicalism lines by are . the at Manual The in But used that the and left sentence of the University how incomplete the example of Dialogue at the . grammatically example many . Style the document? Declaration . When, end people beginning and Online of above). sentence of tell Chicago. in a11.59: can incomplete the quoted of me The recite Independence course how All spirit Deliberately sentence you more (as of would human of inour than that the the incomplete sentence Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec059.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.60 quotation points paragraph indention quoted at next, Alexander I nobility privilege write Were carried decency, as . making the The should . :Chicago the a omission paragraph . poor Quotations it sprightly 2003 Whole as or Unrivalled reserved. are word. end a the you illustrated indeed . read. I speech, talent ends is and Popes of by used; of . might or mere thus Manual of indicated omitted It . lords The preceding three one partial with are . hunter and one is be of see Letter . excess triumphantly consider as methinks, University paragraph thus obliged but be . making of Dialogue or an ellipsis you 11.59.) within in to on Style paragraphs more by incomplete so possible the of are, to want a four many your a to your mettled my paragraphs omitted and following a distich. Online of If points in quotation, Noble lessen brains, over Lord, ellipsis hereditary Lordship Chicago. the at Lordships making to omitted sentence, the all horse. 11.60: part. first appear use Lord. may this excerpt if within beginning the a points ellipsis on you All a noblemen figure, (If part respect, fools, . Whole paragraph before wit, bounds your only . well aof that from . at that Pegasus, or three points of if and give apartial the can of if the in end first all hardly up both of the paragraphs omitted Pa ge 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec060.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 11 reserved. 11.61 Omission points otherwise consecutive widely length determinable). In (Wallace She But . Past Things (Thomas The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec061.html .the :Chicago shadows would rather . Quotations things 2003 Ellipsis . if spaced of high present .Stevens, Hardy, of what by the dwell . by as the lines of night. . retold Manual three. The dots line one . points precedes See his but One and end on . University within Dutch who . (see above also fellows . such were as of Dialogue of The . We .Style in sees. . a atale . Knew) them omission second 11.2832, dead . to poetry line a (or Graves) .her quoted ring Online is of themes, of example) as Chicago. a the him poetry of complete poem 11.38. things 11.61: anot missing round full is is approximately All as existent, indicated Ellipsis indicated grammatical line line, one rights orif who of points by remembers, by that several the sentence, one four is in 9/30/2006 line ellipsis poetry of Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.62 In require three-or-four-dot followed, paragraphs The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec062.html :Chicago legal Quotations 2003 Legal reserved. frequent works, with by (11.6365). works Manual The the and textual reference University and method refinements of Dialogue such Style commentary, (see to Online of the 11.5761) noted Chicago. quoted 11.62: and in the other should All material, Legal following works be works the that three and such Page 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.63 In concerned, 11.57. Outside work unlovely, [T]he of the The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec063.html :Chicago the property. original arts, Quotations (. 2003 Capitalization conservative reserved. rigorous See the .nor usually by whether also . law, Manual must from case the . The foster .11.19. and method, some conservative . University be which of make in it party [I]t of Dialogue indicated all religion, afor writers does Style any run-in the does letters, . not easier . change following Online of . not or party by or . is nor Chicago. editors . build, bracketing a letting reading. timid, in .). establish 11.63: block is capitalization excerpt .nor But All prefer . and quotation. ellipsis Capitalization .write, brackets, the merely schools. isto letter drawn, retain points nor defensive of For though cherish see Page do the 9/30/2006 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.64 rigorous dot; true excerpt Where four closed appear aimless is build, nor The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec064.html :Chicago timid, spirit establish Quotations the period. must 2003 Placement the space reserved. up on nor is . method last last appear with the . and by drawn, of write, is . Manual For The rather next our . merely schools. part needed the and of logically On the on University see American nor first preceding line. the of Dialogue of the than original defensive 11.57. before cherish Style asame other dot quoted requires the radicalism Online of the line. text, side, first from the of Chicago. sentence first property. arts, adot which Where the 11.64: space is of following conservative thus nor All is the destructive four Placement before omitted, . foster serves following first .dots, .three the It dot religion, as party of the all and does first the9/30/2006 is may first . .dot not . Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.65 Unlike quotations (see ellipsis 11.63). (such beginning points sentence including . served It no nor The .crime, :Chicago vindicates .11.54), write, Quotations 2003 Ellipsis as Dimitrov reserved. the must this Should points a quoted of the it by three-dot proper nor be function Manual the a proposes The firstwill no points a sentence used. and cherish and at be rigorous quotation right, University name) the omitted, Manouilski of Dialogue and Should in at no Style beginning the that in the it beginning the alert generous method begin the aspires arts, the four Ministry Online of three-and-four-dot did were original, readers Chicago. last sometimes or with not dotsall nor policy, and at to 11.65: end appear part of foster ato his no end of capitalized Foreign All three real of spaced, that bidding; it Ellipsis of requires a at religion quotation the does good, the ellipsis omission. methods Affairs. last not Litvinov points word it .build, (see brands . .at . beginning and end o f quotat... Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec065.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.66 In missing above), followed 6.104. If my She The office. :Chicago reproducing you life marched Quotations 2003 Ellipsis reserved. See will or a to by bracketed by illegible, also your a question assure out Manual The points a and 11.68. endeavor. of document University me the of Dialogue comment and an of Style mark), door, author your brackets in or Online of which headed or . guess Chicago. may . both. .11.66: certain use [illegible], for (sometimes For ellipsis the All Ellipsis words brackets, [presidents?] are points I shall points see(see dedicate and brackets Page 1 of http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec066.html 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.67 A an missing Whatever prefatory I man of me] The gentlewomen. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec067.html 2-em have :Chicago interpolated small his Quotations 2003 Brackets causes reserved. dash great material. device device impor[tance material by (see Manual marvel as The and and guess is meseemeth 6.95), University 2-em chosen or [counsel of Dialogue that ] (see a Style dashes sometimes note) ye yea, should th[a] 11.66), will and Online of and Chicago. ] be so in used as nothing may 11.67: explained soon specially combination [it also consistently. All incline is] tobe Brackets reported []ne (in in used with to matters the and for every [unto 2-em 9/30/2006 dashes Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.68 Insertions ambiguity, translation, English interpolations, they (not Marcellus, 11.6667. What, appeard Well, The I. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec068.html :Chicago Quotations irritate parentheses). 2003 Use reserved. has fails said again of by may to doubtless this Manual brackets to she, The provide to or be tonight? and give which thing convey distract University made if See of Dialogue the in aalso should [the Mr. Style in missing the anxious original quoted readers, L[owell] ghost exact 6.104, Online of suspense, be Chicago. word kept material of word sense. are 11.14 wont 11.68: Hamlets orenclosed to or letters, a All Such (third go, to then phrase minimum asks Use clarify father] of Barnardo, in example), or, where brackets lest neither brackets anthe in a 9/30/2006 will 1 of 1 Page

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 11 11.69 Literally traditionally following original. relevant paraphrase 11.8[5]). sentence think Where (such written, make Or heard long-headed sought The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec069.html :Chicago on Quotations a 2003 Use cronching material as a the reserved. succession my Sunday to from a of meaning a This Sic cronching house, by or collection prefatory word call farmer, Manual sic The set silent would Thoreaus device with afternoon. and is misspelled attention to University so, in of ahave of Dialogue be many [sic] who italics, correction misprint comment sics should of Style permissible thus, Walden from errors informal a unnecessary. if of to social or Online of be or I the far sic such for wrongly because chanced Chicago. in used is and a snow through may crunching: letters) note crack. matters inappropriate in 11.69: this variant only be the made used readers to All manner inserted the where following that be Use or is by in spellings at woods where reproduced the of the might effect it home, and (see sic in step is quoted brackets 11.4, will I ofas Page a 1 of 1 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 11 reserved. 11.70 An phrase readers italics emphasis parentheses quotation. quoted, placed throughout Occasionally quotation is You italics. circumstances not breast conviction our conviction. In added) any theme, treatment, of weightier these principles the Essay The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch11/ch11_sec070.html :Chicago author italics reality Cyder have hesitate fellow-subjects parts worshipful Quotations 2003 Italics poets in directly a unless on what the mine, watched responsive by wishing quoted mine. were or example) Pope) by If a that not and [my following information in (William Philips, show Manual has work it to processes The added there of in indeed the one only italics], arts and italics after may risk we material been This so the University to is original may didactic at of Dialogue are be voice beyond far because they call essential. conduct last saying Ewart of least done, information in the Style important deal of italics is as the added, the or affect particular may quotation added nine of the Georgics best the Gladstone, they anxiety by on freely poet they Fleece the Online original. or, of sympathy, italicize particular means months, your Channel. Chicago. in enclosed italics. Ireland seemed delicacy to emphasis to for has seemed appears the and by of for teach? 11.70: or point behalf attention of example, ever October Dyer, Virgil,does in original Here and yet susceptible the it such in Such so. All in Consistency art of either a out yet (Thomas Italics but added, the that has an deal correctness source brackets the Look or your rights formulas is which that De increased 1891; attempted to must difficult evoked (which of usual conduct prudently your in at manipulations, aany Quinceys De added or note the italics he of word tell italics the and in Quincey, as phrase in made poetic is passage of usage I to poem Page or every a do with your 9/30/2006 the in use his still 1aof in1

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15.15 the used unfamiliar including usually (Adj. following difference forms. before Many abbreviations example, ADM A1C BG CPT COL CDR CWO GEN LT 1LT 2LT LTC LG MAJ MG MSG PO SGT SSG WO The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec015.html 15or :reference military abbreviated or Chicago with Abbreviations Military Brig. Lt. Maj. Petty Warrant Where a Adm. Airman Capt. Col. Cdr. Chief Gen. 1st 2nd Lt. Maj. M.Sgt. Sgt. S.Sgt. preferred, name, John discretion, military very Gen. to between Lt. Col. Gen. John Gen. Officer Manual omits no Warrant readers. and V. First (master (staff Officer titles selective use books forms traditional Jones Noel terms periods history, especially current the of Class containing Officer sergeant) of however, Jr. sergeant) Style In full rather are ranks. list general and and military traditional abbreviation form. published Online when merely Edward now since than Such more or uses preceding 15.15: AG usage forms they historical illustrates detailed L. regularly. full abbreviations John Beach, is may and Military should appropriate capitals a Jones). be traditional lists name Naval contexts, the See, be titles offor are 9/30/2006 The Page 1 of 2

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights Terms and branch edition Wertheims 4.7) The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec015.html Desk Chicago provides 2003 Dictionary, reserved. of of Reference the by Norman Dictionary Manual The armed a general University and Polmar, (both of forces Timothy of Style cross-service in Military Bruce has bibliog. Online of Zurick, its Chicago. Warren, Abbreviations own 15.15: 5). Army list. style, and All While Military Dictionary Eric the each (bibliog. latest titles 9/30/2006 Page 2 of 2

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 15 15.17 Note following surname When used The Mlle Mme MM. M. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec017.html :Chicago Abbreviations the Monsieur, without 2003 French reserved. only. presence French by Manual social a The Messieurs, name, forms University or of titles absence in Style used direct Madame, with Online ofaddress, Chicago. periods either or 15.17: Mademoiselle after a it All full French is spelled the name social isorout. atitles 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 15 15.18 when should With Honorable, Rt. Monsignor Hon. Rev. the The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec018.html :Chicago abbreviations Rev. Honorable Abbreviations no a Jane Henry Sam 2003 Reverend reserved. be last the Msgr. Portaro; spelled Schaefer; Thomas by and M. precedes name Manual The Brown; Patricia soL. Thomas and only, University Rev. out. forth Portaro of the Bennett Honorable the L. Style and Rev., Birkholz; are Reverend title. Bennett; Honorable Hon. normally Online of With the Chicago. are Reverend, Jane Birkholz the Henry 15.18: used the, omitted. Schaefer Right All before M. such Reverend Hon., Reverend Brown titles athe name and Honorable 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 15 15.20 Social omitted academic name, Similarly, (Esquire) Mr., Andr welcomed It James Anthony carrying The : is Chicago Abbreviations Dr., 2003 Omission such Beauvois, my has reserved. titles in White, degree Beauvois pleasure . is or shown by most titles the .Manual used the .such The of now Esq., contexts or PhD, .like University Mr. are only by to . as professional somewhat of .was .precedes introduce led Mr., always Style after .and with appointed . Mrs., the the archaic Online of omitted. a parade. no full the Jennifer Chicago. like designation Ms., loss name. principal. 15.20: abbreviation name Mr. and of James, All respect. and White Dr. Omission follows never may The MD. was Esq. be When faculty when Dr. of a Mr. an and the like Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec020.html 9/30/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 15 15.21 In : Abbreviations conservative 2003 academic Some by The practice, University degrees periods of Chicago. are added Allto rights abbreviations reserved.of all academic deg (B.A., D.D.S., rees required for tradition etc.). Chicago or consistency. now recommends In theomitting following them list, unless periods theyare areshown where only These AB AM BA BD BFA BM BS DB DD DDS DMD DMin DO DVM EdD JD LHD LittD LLB LLD MA MBA MD MFA MS MSN MSW PhB PhD PhG SB SM STB David The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec021.html Artium Bachelor Divinitatis Doctor Juris Medicinae Master Scientiae Bachelor Doctor Litterarum (LL.B.) (LL.D.) Master (Ph.B.) (Ph.D.) (Ph.G.) Sacrae Chicago (D.Min.) uncertainty designations (Litt.D.) H. Doctor Pauker, Baccalaureus Magister of of Theologiae of Legum Philosophiae Graduate Manual of Osteopathy Arts Doctor Science Baccalaureus Magister Dental Doctor Veterinary Education Business Fine Science Social Arts Divinity Music Science; Baccalaureus Doctor Humaniorum Fine (Doctor Litterarum JD, might Baccalaureus Doctor are (Master Arts of (Doctor Arts Surgery Medicine of Welfare in attended (Doctor in (Master Baccalaureus Style set (Bachelor Administration arise Bachelor Ministry of Pharmacy Medicine (Doctor Nursing Baccalaureus Doctor Doctor (Bachelor off of Law) Doctor (Bachelor of Online or as Arts) of Northwestern by (Bachelor Medicine) Master (Doctor to Divinity) (Doctor of Science) commas (Doctor (Bachelor 15.21: their Arts) Surgery Laws) of of (Bachelor of Science) of when Divinity) of placement. of Social Some Philosophy) University Humanities) Laws) Letters) of they academic of Sacred Work follow Philosophy) Law Theology) degrees a personal School. 9/30/2006 Page 1 name. of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 15 15.24 Abbreviations bibliographies, In 17.106. full rarely Ginn context. Moss Rand Brooks and fourth The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec024.html :Chicago running Spencer. Shoreline Abbreviations forms, & Bros. Corp. 2003 Company reserved. spelled Co. Brothers quarter. by text, though Manual The names and Financial out, tabular was company University ampersands such of may purchased Style matter, tags be Corporation names omitted Online of are as and are Chicago. and Inc. appropriate later best unless 15.24: the reported andresold like. given All PLC, relevant Company in an See in which by notes, excellent their also Marks names to are the Page 9/30/2006 1 of 1

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The 15.29 In possessions out when Bluff, bibliographies, addresses no-period Service and are however, some AK abbreviated). AL AR AS AZ CA CO CT DC DE FL GA GU HI IA ID IL IN KS KY 15Ky. running Alaska Ala. Ark. American Ariz. Calif. Colo. Conn. D.C. Del. Fla. Ga. Guam Hawaii Iowa Idaho Ill. Ind. Kans. :states when they appropriate Chicago following Abbreviations U.S. Illinois, should standing may prefer they state states text, of and Samoa Manual appear the are always tabular abbreviations (see the territories the was and alone United name usually of in older names incorporated 17.100). territories be Style any and of matter, used States forms, of a abbreviated. context preferably have Online city: states, preferred where Many lists, should included traditionally in for where writers 15.29: a1895. territories, zip (except example, and always The by abbreviations code here U.S. mailing the and In states two-letter, be for U.S. follows, editors, (names not Lake spelled and DC) been Postal of territories Page 1 of and 2 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec029.html 9/30/2006

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 15 15.32 the Generic abbreviated Santa Place-names abbreviated. spelled see Fort Mount Port St. The :Chicago like 10.29. Louis Paul Lawrence Abbreviations (Ft.) (Pt.) 2003 Place-names (e.g., (Mt.) reserved. terms out or or by Myers Arthur only with in Airy Saint Manual San Saint or The as text. Saint elements where Diego, Saint, University with Paul Louis of For Lawrence Style Fort, space Santa however, French ofOnline of geographic is Barbara) Mount, Chicago. at place-names may a be 15.32: premium. are and names abbreviated All Place-names never with should San Saint, and or be with Fort, Mount, and the li.. . Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec032.html 9/30/2006

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 15 reserved. 15.35 In abbreviations Single-letter normally remain when A street Ave., Orange). POB Pl. Pkwy. La. Hwy. Expy. Dr. Ct. Blvd. Bldg. Ave. RR Rm. Rd. 1060 Terr. Ste. St. Sq. 456 I The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec035.html compass stayed :Chicago mailing Rt. (or NW Abbreviations used they E. 2003 Abbreviations Northwest abbreviated or (or Lane PO Prospect followed For in in follow point a by addresses, Box) Rte.) place-name St. a Manual an the The (among compass building address that Hwy., aby use Ave. University even street of used others) a is of tabular points South Style period; must on inN the numerals name). text abbreviations name never Shore Street Online of are accompanying matter, two-letter Chicago. (there used: (or in be Dr., SW, 15.35: addresses, part abbreviated and isAll West close the a ones NE, no of Abbreviations street Bend, rights comma the to like, NW, are see the name) (e.g., SE, East name not. before 9.5657. the city and of following are Note South used center. SW Page them a 9/30/2006 that 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 15 15.39 In without They identifies Note marks, Style lat The W http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec039.html :chart technical 4215'09" 4516'17" Chicago Abbreviations can that 2003 When and reserved. are periods, sometimes primes Format showed by to the used. Manual work, The abbreviate N, S, coordinate. may (') For (bibliog. long shoal University the be of be and greater dropped, 8917'45" 11640'18" Style abbreviations water used double 1.1). Online ofsince when detail, at Chicago. primes W 1929'65" Epart 15.39: lat the consult ofcompass ("), All and a not N, When coordinate. long, Scientific 10745'36" to quotation point abbreviate usually9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 15 15.41 elsewhere. small capitals guidelines periods, precede AD 9.38. AH anno AM to AS 15.44) AUC city BC BCE BP CE MYA YBP The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec041.html :Chicago be anno before common following ab before (or Abbreviations Hebraico [Rome, 2003 Systems capitals confused reserved. urbe the Domini Hegirae mundi salutis mya) ybp) without however, Christ the era by Although in the year condita in Manual million years The of abbreviations this (in present (in with 753 common (in chronology periods, number; University are the chapter. the BCE]) before of these periods, ante the (from years still Hebrew year era Style year year the meridiem; have in the of ago are (Small quite of Online Chicago keeping others year) of the founding present traditionally [our] Chicago. used the salvation) acceptable.) world) capitals see 15.41: follow Hegira); inof now with Lord) text All recommends (not the Systems it. with and appeared general The See or of first also full without chronology in four 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 15 15.44 elsewhere; which explanation morning, 7.90, Time parenthesesfor a.m. ante (before m. meridies [rarely or p.m. post 10:30 noon) 11:00 EST EDT CST CDT MST MDT PST PDT The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec044.html :Chicago AM or PM following abbreviations eastern central mountain Pacific Abbreviations zones, meridiem 2003 Time case section M a.m. p.m. reserved. noon) used]) afternoon, (noon by of they periods or and where standard daylight Manual standard daylight The day abbreviations 1, (after ten eleven may examples, example, under University a.m. needed, thirty are of also evening, oclock time time Style unnecessary. and time. be 4:45 in see are p.m. are set the Online of night, at 9.42, usually p.m. Chicago. used in should morning night small (CST). 15.44: For 9.44. or in given not oclock. text further All capitals, Time be in and used of See day in with also Page9/30/2006 1 of 1

15.45 Abbreviations following They glossaries, for scholarly nonfiction abbreviations depends and normally other periods. science abbr. ab abl. abr. acc. act. add. adj. ad adv. aet. AFr. AN anon. app. art. The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec045.html 15Anglo-Norman inf. init. int. lib. loc. :article several other Chicago are ablative abridged; accusative active addendum adjective adverb aetatis, Anglo-French appendix Abbreviations Overview Latin abbreviated, anonymous on and ad normally set See ab ad two works factors. are the infinitum interim, libitum, locum, and terms; terms technology, initio, initium, Manual in also and paragraphs for aged included writers abridgment other (mainly roman. (see symbols confined one that 7.56. at only Note -ion of from in at at the 17.3234) scholarly term Style Note are the will in here. preference, that For see the rarely the place such to the (e.g., complete intervening also terms 15.55. beginning Online Latin beginning bibliographic The as humanities) appear apparatus. that those likely choice L. used abbreviations 15.45: context, words and ab, in more time listed to between Lat. running ad, take Overview Some and references, be commonly readership, for et, in met serious no can different are the text. Latin) and in Page stand in 1 9/30/2006 of 7

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 15 15.46 elsewhere section ) paragraph @ = examples, # / (weight) $ The (pl. ) copyright at the number; per dollar cent pound euro :Chicago Abbreviations 2003 Some same (see reserved. sterling see pound by symbols as 6.116) Manual The University (for 15.52) used of Style in scholarship Online of Chicago. 15.46: and All Some symbols used in scholarship and e lsew... Page 1 of 1 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec046.html 9/30/2006

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 15 15.50 abbreviations of periods.) reference Jewish, Bible. by The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec050.html :Chicago the an following Abbreviations 2003 Abbreviations equals reserved. Bible. Alternative Protestant, The and by Manual sign. The commonly three and (Note listing because University names of used paragraphs that and isRoman the Style the alphabetical, for order used Online of shorter the Catholic give Chicago. shorter varies same 15.50: traditional forms books both slightly versions forms All Abbreviations have for are for nobooks easier in of indicated the used 9/30/2006 Page 1 of 1

The 15.51 Amos Dan. Deut. Eccles. Esther Exod. Ezek. Ezra Gen. Hab. Hag. Hosea Isa. Jer. Job Joel Jon. Josh. Judg. Lam. Lev. Mal. Mic. Nah. Neh. Num. Obad. Prov. Ps. Ruth 1 2 15 Chron. Kings Sam. :or or (pl. Chicago Abbreviations The or Jb or Am Dn Ezr Gn Hb Hg Is Jer Jl Jon or Lam Lv Mal Mi Na Neh Nm Ru or Dt Ex Ez Hos Jo Jgs Ob Prv Pss.) Jewish Est Job 1 2 Amos Daniel Eccl Genesis Habakkuk Haggai Isaiah Joel 1 2 Leviticus Micah Nahum Numbers Ruth 1Proverbs 2 Deuteronomy Exodus Ezekiel Ezra Jeremiah Jonah Joshua Lamentations Malachi Nehemiah Obadiah Sm Manual Hosea Judges Kgs Chr Esther or 1 2 Ecclesiastes Bible/the 1 2 Samuel 1of 2 Ps Kings Chronicles (pl. Style Pss) Old Online Testament Psalms 15.51: The Jewish Bible/the Old Testament Pag e 1 of 2 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec051.html 9/30/2006

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 15 15.52 Catholic Protestant but example, to abbreviation Additions Bar. Bel Ecclus. Jth. 1 2 Pr. Sir Manasseh) Song Children Sus. Rest Tob. Ws Wisd. The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec052.html Esd. Macc. :Chicago Bel Wisdom books are and of Sirach Abbreviations Susanna of or 2003 The of reserved. and 1 2 Man. continuations Bar Dragon Ecclesiasticus Jdt or Three the Esther Tb versions a Esdras Sol. Apocrypha of to (= by versions. Roman the 1 2 (= Tobit Baruch Judith Prayer Three Manual the is Esther Mc Wisdom The Ecclesiasticus) Wisdom Dragon Bel (= given, 1 2 Apocrypha Catholic University of Maccabees Holy Additions and of (= of the Some of of but Manasses Style The the (= Children Solomon) Solomon Bible, books are scholar to Sirach) are full Rest Dragon to Online of Daniel. not accepted listed (= Esther) Chicago. though form of (= complete would Esther) Wisdom) 15.52: Where should in not in likely All 15.51. The Roman in no beApocrypha Jewish themselves refer used. For not andPage 9/30/2006 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 15 reserved. 15.56 especially 57, ANCOVA ANOVA CI CL CLT df, GLIM IQR LS MLE MS N n ns OLS OR p r R RMS sd se sem SS SSE SST WLLN or The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec056.html number probability bivariate multivariate :Chicago confidence least not odds or sum mean following table central DF, interquartile maximum ordinary root or error total Abbreviations generalized weak 2003 Statistics analysis SD SE analysis (statistically) SEM of or square ratio value squares (of mean standard 14.3. squares sum law by in dof standard limit likelihood correlation Manual population) sample) least The abbreviations tables. interval limit square of of degrees correlation of linear squares large University variance theorem range deviation error covariance squares of error They Style of estimate significant numbers model coefficient freedom of are coefficient are Online ofoften the Chicago. used mean 15.56: in statistical italicized. All Statistics rights Seematerial, also 9/30/2006 Page 14.56 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 15 15.60 Prefixes, name small multiples kilometer, m), of symbols, Factor 1024 1021 1018 1015 1012 109 106 10.15 megohm) (megabyte 10.18 103 102 10.24 hectare) but (hectogram 101 The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec060.html :Chicago a and giga mega kilo hecto deka Abbreviations of second yotta zetta exa peta tera 2003 Prefixes numerical femto atto yocto reserved. Prefix ada are E G M k representing base and millisecond, P T h by or Y Z 10.3 10.12 a 10.21 (or 10.6 10.9 f y Manual used 10.1 10.2 The submultiples km, Symbol unit values. 10.3 milli micro nano pico zepto University is in deci centi of to equal s). the Factor mz n p Style ac allow or d . The power The international ms, of to units Prefix Online of notation following SI a is of Chicago. thousand units. equal ten, so Symbol 15.60: formed of are to prefixes, system. For All very meters one-thousandth Prefixes added are example, large called (or toPage with the or 103 atheir very 1 9/30/2006 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 15 15.65 Only express expressed centimeter commas insert counting A abbreviation sign 43 8015 0.491 The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch15/ch15_sec065.html word :Chicago 279 Abbreviations numbers (%). 2003 Numerals 722 reserved. in a space 522 the thin, from as numbers; 3 by as quantity Manual between 12 appears or The 3 the with fixed kmdecimal mm3 symbol University (not in of SI (not 0.1 of space between numbers Style units (see any 12 and 0.003 point 000 between SI 15.55) Online of 1,000 the of unit. m), cm3). Chicago. toward five numeral should and groups except 15.65: Thus SI or 0.003 the does All more and be 12,000 of for Numerals left used cubic not three the digits, the and meters use to percent digits, with right. is9/30/2006 SI units Page 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, If there 2003 isby a digital The University object identifier of Chicago.(DOI) All rights for the reserved. source (see 17.14), includ e it in numbers Warr, http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJ/journal/issues/v121n3/200486/200486.html. M., place or and other of G. C. page locators: Ellison. 2000. Rethinking social reactions to crime: Persona l and altruistic (November): N: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJS/journal/issues/v106n3/050125/050125.html. Sampling, The http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/jeth.2000.2694. doi:10.1006/jeth.2000.2694, http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch17/ch17_sec181.html 2. Chicago JamesJournal fear 55178. W. Manual Friedman in of family Economic Style and households. Claudio Online Theory 17.181: Mezzetti, American 98, no. Pagination Learning 1 Journal (May 2001), and of in10/3/2006 Sociology examples Games byPage 106,2no. Random of 2 3

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, 17 17.187 To a URL : Documentation cite 2003 and, Information online by the if The magazines, University publisher II:include to Specific follow or ofdiscipline Chicago. Content the relevant All requires rights examples it, reserved. above. or for especially In addition, timesen add data, sitive If Note citation: anthat the online access date date the articles is material required, will wasgenerally include last accessed itnot parenthetically, carry (see page 17.12). numbers; at thefor endarticleleng of the material, th be with N: B: and 2000. T: (Osborne R: James Osborne, http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,102443,00.html. trial March (accessed http://www.salon.com/books/it/2000/03/29/kaplan/index.html The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch17/ch17_sec187.html necessary. 1. 7. (Reaves Reaves, Trial Execution Chicago James Jessica Lawrence Rosen. and 29, 2000) Lawrence. however, and 2000, execution July Rosen, 2001) Jessica. Manual Time, Reaves, Execution of Osborne, 10, Robert Time, descriptive Poison March 2000. 2001). of AStyle 2001. of A Weighty Robert March Poison of Brasillach, Weighty 14, 14. Poison APen. Robert weighty Online 2001. 14, Brasillach, locators Issue: Pen, pen. Issue: Review 2001, Brasillach, 17.187: by issue: Review review Ever-Fatter Alice Ever-Fatter of (see by The Ever-fatter Information of of Kaplan. Alice by 16.14, Collaborator: The The Alice Kids. collaborator: Kaplan. Kids, Collaborator: Salon, 17.181) Kaplan, kids. to Interview include 10/3/2006 interview Salon, March The Interview will Salon, Trial The 29, Page rarely with with 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 18 18.63 Numerals, though If together before 1984 nineteeni 125th hundred 10 street] [alphabetized downing The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch18/ch18_sec063.html :Chicago many Downing Indexes (Orwell) 2003 Numerals Street reserved. spelled the numerals twenty-fifth street] in when eighty-four] by As. Street numerical Manual The as isolated out. occur one ten University of Style order in entries, anOnline at ofthe index, Chicago. are beginning 18.63: they alphabetized All may Numerals be the of listed as Page index, 1 10/3/2006 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 18 18.66 Introductory disregarded subentries Especially more only edited on Churchill, 544n4 anti-Fascism Curzon de The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch18/ch18_sec066.html :Chicago Curzon Gaulle, Indexes visually, where 2003 Alphabetical reserved. as line, follows. line, by are in needed Winston: Winston relations in Manual articles, of, views The indented alphabetizing run such 348, 369 University for order in on, of introductory as 379; with, or clarity. Style prepositions, style, anti-Fascist, 348, indented. and 544n4 379 Online of subentries, where de The Chicago. words Gaulle, subheadings 18.66: alphabetizing and 369; should All conjunctions whether Alphabetical be could the used functions be are order 10/3/2006 Page 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 18 18.69 In indexer (if Merriam-Websters provides source. Note names index. Chicago is be for Beauvoir, Ben-Gurion, Costa, da DAmato, de di Keere, Kooning, La Leonardo Medici, Van The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ch18/ch18_sec069.html :Chicago alphabetizing invariably sought Cunha, Gaulle, Leonardo, Fontaine, known) example. Rensselaer, Indexes the 2003 Names arranged reserved. See Uriel Pieter must Cross-references occasionally Lorenzo aEuclides wide Alfonse Willem da by Simone by as safe also Charles with David Vinci Manual consider most da Micaela Jean The well variations accompanied van alphabetically guide; 8.7, de de Stephen particles family de University Biographical readers den de asdeviates of 8.1113. the traditional Style library names are in individuals by under the Online of often a containing as from Dictionary catalogs particle Chicago. following the they and advisable Webster 18.69: particlede national might personal are and All particles, (bibliog. list Names when another appear thus (see usages. of preference a Gaulle, with likely 18.16). actual name in the 4.1) useful particles anto10/3/2006 Page 1 of 1

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights World (HTTP) from wrong been wrong-reading. WYSIWYG. get. shown appear x-height. height ascenders XML. A documents The SGML. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/appA_KeyTerms.html subset Chicago other set Pronounced An 2003 Wide font formatted reserved. to when of abbreviation in An of allow (Web In the or and by Web computers (WF). acronym printed. the Manual type, descenders. The lowercase data uses See users pages wrong wizzywig. on SGML AUniversity designation right-reading. a on of Hypertext for anywhere computer vertical for standard, to typeface, the Style and what letters request Extensible Internet. multimedia Text Online: of you Transfer on screen dimension for used Chicago. style, (such the see and type Markup for See Appendix retrieve Internet. is graphics as objects) as Protocol or that what they equal structuring also All x) size. Language. without has you will A to Page the22 10/3/2006 of 22

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, elango3 reserved. of Table List Go Index Bibliography .. The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib_toc.html Contents to Style Grammar Research Works Manuscript Rights Illustrations Mathematics Indexing Design The Dictionaries English Foreign-Language General Biography Geography Encyclopedias Almanacs Guides Quotations Abbreviations Miscellaneous Chicago of 2003 Publishing |on Figures Tables 1.1 My and to by and Dictionaries Reference Writing Publishing 2.5 and Manual Account 4.1 4.2 Books, The Editing Permissions Production 4.6 Usage 2.4 Writing Yearbooks 2.3 4.3 4.7 Works University Industry of and Dictionaries Periodicals, |Style 1.2 Works and Log Cited Editing 1.3 3.1 2.6 Proofreading 2.2 4.4 Out 2.7 Online: of|Text in Chicago. Shopping 3.2 and Bibliography Other 2.1 All Cart Sources rights Page 10/3/2006 4.51 of 1

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Cambridge, Canadian Scarborough, Reference Catholic CBE Resources: Bethesda, Government Garner, Harnack, Guide Martins, Holoman, Editors Angeles: ISO References, Thereof. Standards Li, Citing Information MLA Association New Edited York: Oxford for Publication Oxford. 5th Association, The and Alexander Bluebook: Manual. Complete (International Xia, Style York: New Oxford Compositors ed. SBL Early Chicago Oxford to Times Electronic by University Bryan of York Washington, Handbook Guide News Andrew, Using D. University ISO and Guide Diane MD: 2001. Institute, Manual Joseph HarperCollins, Allan Christian et MA: A Documents 19th-Century Guide See Kern. and Part Today, of Books, Manual ON: Guide Manual 1993. University 690-2. Nancy Public Times 2001. al. AAmerica, Service. Service, Congressional A. Harvard to Internet Uniform Scientific L. DocumentationBibliographic M. and Carswell/McGill The 2, and Gibaldi. to of Peabody, Uniform Writing Information. Press, to Garner Organization B. 1996. Manual Siegal 1999. of Usage for of Electronic New Library Style. Readers DC: Style: Studies. Round Elements Eugene 1997. Guide Citing Crane. the Style Law Stylebook 2000. California System Writers Press, Sources. York: 1998. American Music. 1994. 2002. Legal Manual. about New of and American MA: Review Style Table, to Edited For Information Kleppinger. Writers at Online: Government Electronic Style Edited Diane of American Scholarly York: William Hendrickson, of 2002. Documents 2nd Successor the Ancient Citation. and Music: for Law on and Legal Boston: Berkeley Psychological Citation. Association, Washington, American Press, by ed. and University Psychological Religion Librarians. H. Standardization). Modern by Bibliography Journal, Format Guide Robert G. Smith. Style. A National Medford, Usage. Near Patrick Information Service Online! Styles: Publishing. Bedford/St. Style 1988. or Connolly. to 4th and Library Language to 1999. 17th Parts Ritter. Harts Eastern, 2000: ed. 1998. DC: 2nd Los Style Rev. Press, 2000. Sheet H. Rev. for A NJ: ed. Association. Works ed. Reference Handbook ANew ed. New Rules the 2nd and ed. from Biblical, New on ed. Usage. York: the Writing for and Editing Pa ge 2 of 5 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib1.html 10/3/2006

Scientific Editors, Manual Cambridge: Strunk, 4th Style American Publications, by Turabian, and United 1996. available U.S. http://www.gpoaccess.gov/stylemanual/index.html. of Washington, Walker, http://lawreview.uchicago.edu/. Online The 1998. Edited Words Skillin, Cliffs, Aitchison, London: Baron, University Bernstein, . Guide English Burchfield, York: Chalker, 1.2 Tim the ed. Times Dissertations. Alice University Wall Chicago Grammar Geological Miss Manual into to Hill Committee Austin. States United Style. by Dennis. William, Boston: Janice NJ: Cassell, Usage. and Political Street Robert the Sylvia, Guide Kate Bennett. online the Paul Thistlebottoms Style Cambridge Type. James. Press, Theodore and DC: Prentice Robert Manual and Publishers. for Taboos, 2002. Government States University New London: L. of R., R. Grammar New Wang, Allyn to Survey. Government Journal M. Usage of Jr., Political at 3rd 1996. and Aof Chicago York: Martin. Cassell 1986. Science English 6th Chicago: and Gay, York: W. the Manual M. Format: University Geological ed. Hall, Bugbears, 1991. Edmund and Unlocking Style Times ed. Todd and The Council Suggestions Columbia Guide and 6th Printing of Based Atheneum, Noonday E. Bacon, Manual London: Dictionary Hobgoblins: Science. Association Style for Revised Printing 1974. Gender. Careful University Chicago Taylor. other S. Online: The ed. B. Books, to Writers on and C. of Press, White. Survey. the CBE Compiled 2000. and of University Business Press, Office Free studies authorities. Weiner. Biology by New Writer: 1965. Outmoded Rev. 1999. to Office, Legal Law The English Bibliography Manual Usage. of John The 1994. The Committee of Authors Press, Haven: 7th Review. Columbia English 1971. ed. Style Term Chicago Citation. Style by Careful The Editors. Elements Grossman A for Rev. 2000. ed. 1991. Press, Rules Language. the Washington, Marjorie Modern 2002. Yale Oxford Papers, Manual of Englewood Authors, 2000. and Grammar. Style on ed. Guide Works Press, Also the Writers of of 2nd Usage. Guide Compiled 2000. Reports E. New Style. Theses, to on ed. DC: to Writing and Editing Pa ge 3 of 5 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib1.html 10/3/2006

Dictionary Copperud, Ebbitt, E-What? Alexandria, Follett, Fowler, 1998. Revised University Modern Garner, Gordon, Ultimate Eager, . Handbook Gowers, Greenbaum Greenbaum, 1988. Oxford Effective Hale, Principles New Johnson, Pocket Maggio, Accurate The Edited Press, OConner, Better Palmer, Schwartz, Bloomington: Trask, Routledge, Trimble, York: New Chicago The Constance. Constance, 1998. and University Books, by 2000. English R. Wilma A by H. and Bryan Karen Ernest. Rosalie. Fowlers Frank. Wilson. Handbook New for Edward Language. John Roy Van Oxford Guide Ticknor and Prose. Broadway R. Patricia Marilyn. L. Erik W. Press, the Sydney. of 1999. VA: edited Manual Well-Tempered the W. Indiana Language: H. Nostrand R., A A. Elizabeth. Janet English 1991. R. Usage.) Doomed. in Grammar. to EEI Wensberg. Dictionary The D. Burchfield. American University Garners Innocent, Sin New and Talking Modern Writing 1965. of and Press, Plain the by Oxford Books, The Phoenix: T. Guidelines of Press, Complete Whitcut. Grammar and York: Jessie University Grammar. David Sir Fields, Usage Woe Style Reinhold, Quirks New Handbook The American (See English English. 2nd 2003. The 1996. Syntax: about with Usage New Ernest Modern English 1999. Is 2000. of York: Sentence: the Broadway Basics. R. Press, Scanlon, in Oryx New ed. Online: also Deluxe for Plain Boston: I: of York: Modern 1993. for Style: New Ebbitt. Eager, the People: and of Usage. York: The New Press, 1980. Usage: Gowers. American the Pantheon, How Press, New The Grammar. Bias-Free York: 1990. Words. Digital Good 2nd Style: Hill Transitive Books, Grammarphobes York: Bibliography Media English Innocent, A D. to eds. York: Conversations New and Oxford Index Punctuation A Revised 1995. ed. AGuide R. Craft English. 1997. Oxford and Oxford: Guide. Fowlers Usage. the Edited Wired Penguin, The Style 1993. Godine, 1999. Age. Putnam, New Writing. to Wang, Usage. University Doomed. Wickedly Consensus. Vampire: the to 3rd York: University English. Style: Rev. and lst Oxford by New Works Fair ed. Guide 1996. 1984. on 2nd Sidney Usage. rev. ed. York: the and on ed. The 8th to ed.ed. and Editing Pa Art Writing ge 4 of 5 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib1.html 10/3/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 1.3 of Wallraff, Rewarded, Walsh, the to Websters Merriam-Webster, Williams, chapters Zinsser, Nonfiction. Barzun, 5th Becker, and University Booth, Chicago Cook, Writing. Day, Lanham, Bacon, Lerner, Writers. McMillan, ed. The Writing. Avoid Research Poetic Many ed. Finish Craft Phoenix: Boston: Chicago Robert 2003 Claire reserved. Bill. Wayne 2000. Jacques, Boston: Howard Press, Richard Betsy. Things Them. coauthored William. Boston: New Barbara. Crimes Dictionary Joseph of Vicky. by Justice Your of 2nd 5th A. Bedford/St. Manual and Lapsing C., Research. Kehrwald. Oryx York: The Chicago Chicago: S. 2003. How The That ed. Houghton Thesis, A. against 1989. M. and Gregory Houghton Writing University On Writing Press, Word Is to Revising Forest Riverhead of Upper Style: by New into Can of Writing Henry Done. Press, Write Style Gregory 2nd Line Court: Contemporary English York: Book, Martins, the Go Mifflin, G. 1998. Papers Saddle a Mifflin, for Toward F. ed. New Comma: Wrong Colomb, by and Prose. Online: of Language 1990. Well: 1986. Books, HarperPerennial, Graff. Social or the Wherein G. Chicago: Line: Chicago. York: Usage. Publish in River, Article. in Clarity Colomb. 1992. Trees: 2001. ABibliography An 1985. 4th the and 2000. Curmudgeons Printand Books, The Scientists: How Are Harcourt, Informal Verbal Springfield, ed. Biological NJ: Joseph University a All Modern to An Punished, and Chicago: Scientific Boston: Prentice 2000. Improve Editors Virtue Grace. How Guide 1995. M. 2000. Researcher. How Works Guide Williams. Sciences. of Allyn MA: Your Hall, Is With to Paper. Advice on to Writing Start Own and two Writing 2002. 5th and Editing Pa to 3rd ge 5 of 5 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib1.html 10/3/2006

of Table List Go Index 2 Bibliography 2.1 2.2 Butcher, Editors, Cambridge Copy Bimonthly Also The Communications. Einsohn, http://www.eeicommunications.com/eye/. Publishing Los Judd, Hale, Smith, Proofreading. Stainton, York: Stoughton, in Fischer, and Aspen Goldstein, Business, Kirsch, elango3 :Copyediting. Contents to Works Manuscript Rights Editorial Angeles: Williams Chicago of Editor: available Peggy. Karen. 1995. Columbia Law Figures Tables Jonathan. |1996. Judith. Authors, Amy. Mark on University newsletter Elsie and My and Mary. Paul. Manual Publishing Language University Copyediting: on Account Eye. The Mark 3rd A., Business, Editing Permissions online Corporate University Also Myers. 2nd Publishing Copy-editing: Substance Copyright. and Copyeditors ed. E. Kirschs Monthly My of ed. Press, published available Gabriel |The Publishers. News at Words: Alexandria, Style and Log of Alexandria, 1999. http://www.copyeditor.com. Communications. AHandbook Press, Proofreading for newsletter California Fine and Law. Out 1992. Practical 2nd Online: Instruction Perle, The the by online Handbook: Style: |2002. Art 3rd ed. Shopping 3rd McMurry VA: Cambridge Publishing VA: and ed. New of Bibliography ed. published at Press, Guide. EEI Instruction Copyediting. Publishing EEI John Gaithersburg, York: APress, Berkeley and New Newsletters. Cart Guide Press, Handbook 2000. Revised Practice Taylor York: Professional. Aspen by for 1997. Works and Law. EEI 1996. 2nd Williams. Law Book ed. for in Practice MD: Los on ed. and London: Publishing New Perle Page 1 of 5 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib2.html 10/3/2006

2.4 Angeles: Aspects Competition, Matthew Nimmer, Copyright 1988. Patry, Bureau Washington, Strong, Cambridge: Briscoe, Better New CBE Standards Biology Monmonier, the Chicago Ross, Complete Music Tufte, 1970. Press, Cheshire, . Narrative. Zweifel, Chicago: Clapham, ed. Higham, Sciences. Applied The Goldman 2.3Chicago Mathematics York: Scientific Humanities New International Illustrations Nimmer The Visual Ted. for Looseleaf William of Posters, Edward 1990. Melville. of Bender, Melville, William Editors, Press, York: Nicholas Mathematics, and Acrobat Fair Mary Manual, Visual Frances University Christopher. Law National Springer-Verlag, for Reproduction CT: 2nd Entertainment MIT Mark. The Cheshire, on DC: Explanations: R. Manual Defamation, and Use Helen. Publication. R. Graphics Oxford ed. Copyright. F. Press, Illustration and 1993. Art J. 2000. 1978. Bureau S. Presentations, Display Books, updates. 1988. Mapping Reference, Envisioning W. J. Cases and Practice. Copyright Privilege Philadelphia: System Bell. Affairs, The Social of A1998. of Handbook Preparing CT: University Looseleaf Paul 1999. Music Handbook Concise Style of Copyright and Press, Chicago 1996. and of NBS Litigation, Privacy. It Graphics of Rev. National Sciences. Images Edward 1996. Bethesda, Print. Quantitative Materials New Law 1994. in Committee. Out: Engraving and Units Special Online: Information. of 2001. Dictionary ed. Copyright Scientific and of Press, updates. York: and Text Press, Writing Society Book: Expository and 6th Gellner, Annual Miami: Press, Biological (SI). 10 Affairs, Publications. Practice. Chicago: Publication Bibliography Including MD: Book Quantities, on ed. vols. Matthew and 1988. AEdited Illustrating 1996. Information. for Copyright supplements. Law. Practical Council Hansen 1997. of New Illustrations: Processing: on Cheshire, eds. New 1995. Cartography Mathematics. the Industrial University Preparing Illustration. York: Bender, Washington, 2nd Unfair by York: International Books, Mathematical 330, 2nd of Evidence Works ed. David and Guide. Science: CT: ed. 2nd U.S. Aon Other and for of Graphics T. APublishing ed. 2nd DC: 5th and Guide 2nd ed. ed. to Page 2 of 5 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib2.html 10/3/2006

The 2.6 Department Washington, Knuth, Lamport, Guide Addison-Wesley, A RI: Spivak, with Steenrod, Providence, Swanson, Arlene American Taylor, Units Commerce, of at Ament, Writers. Booth, G. Fetters, Beginning Books, Mulvany, Chicago Wellisch, Wilson, Beach, Cincinnati: Bookmans R. Bringhurst, Point Burdett, and Chappell, Printed Marks, Dowding, 2.5 Manual Standards http://www.physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sp811.html. Saur, Bowker, Design American Charles, Chicago Indexing the and (SI). Roberts, Donald OSean Kurt. Pat Mark, 1999. Michael. B. Press, 1995. Word. Leslie. for AMS-TeXMacro Ellen. Mathematical Norwich, 2001. Linda Nancy. Eric. Geoffrey. Reference Norman Technology Indexers. Hans Glossary. Warren, and of N. F. 1983. DC: RI: Washington, North Robert. Manual Authors Mathematical Indexing: and 1978. Commerce, E. and Guide Indexing: 2nd Production K. 2005. H. WA: The Government 1999. American Mathematics Indexing LaTeX: The E., Technology, Eric Antoinette NY: Handbook Indexing Light and ed. Hartley Craft Finer of Manual. for 2nd 6th The TeXbook. of Joy et Administration, Package. Society, William Kenly. Robert Point Style AElements National A Mathematical al. the DC: The Books, ed. Mathematical Nuts-and-Bolts Books. of Points Document Society, Printing of from and 2nd TeX: How into Use U.S. Manual Corpus Edited Bookbinding. Roberts, Online: Schleyer. 1995. Getting Bringhurst. Boston: Andrew, Indexing 2nd 1990. 1999. Marks, ed. to of 2nd A in Bureau A Type. Department of to Preparation 1990. Gourmet ed. Write Also of Christi, by the Office, Reading, ed. Typographic Bibliography Papers. National Z. It WA: Addison-Wesley, Society, Good Jean 2001. Updated Providence, International Techniques: Spacing of available Guide Chicago: 2nd Printed. Mathematics. Newton A Hartley Standards, Guide Practice. Peters. Short 1986. of TX: ed. MA: 8th Institute for System. 1981. edition and FimCo New Style. Abbot, ed. to University 3rd History and Works online Technical RI: A New Arrangement Typesetting York: Providence, System Munich: Guide ed. 1986. 2000. Users by York: 2nd UK: on of H. Publishing for ed. David of the K. W. R. Page 3 of 5 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib2.html 10/3/2006

The of Dreyfus, Typography, Eckersley, 1995. Richard Glossary Chicago Gill, Glaister, 1988. Castle, Hackos, Communication. Hendel, Hochuli, Theory. Johnston, Mineola, Kinross, Martens: Press, Lee, Editing/Design/Production. Norton, Lynch, Design Haven: McLean, New Pocket Rogondino, 2000. 24,000 Printing. Romano, Delmar Stein, Boston: Tschichold, Good . Berkeley Williamson, 1998. Yale 2.7 Type. York: Chicago Marshall. Design. The University Eric. 1998. 1997. Patrick Principles Yale Pal. CMYK Thomson Lincoln Hendel, Press, DE: JoAnn, Richard. New 1997. Ruari. Frank Addison-Wesley Publishing Point John. of Jost, NY: Robin, Printed New and Geoffrey Edward. Thames San Richard, Michael, and Typesetting An Oak York: University 18th Combinations Jan. Hugh. Manual Dover, Point Typography: Los Francisco: J. Roberts, Into 1994. Essay New and Bookmaking: J., The Learning, D. Book Naomi Knoll Jaap Press, On Matter. and ed. Pocket The Angeles: Princeton Writing for How Methods Ashall. Dawn York: Robin and Thames Roberts, of Industry Print: Richard Book 1995. and Production. on van Hudson, Memphis: Form B. Press, Creating to Style Sarah Press, Longman, 1983. WA: Terms. Typography. Stevens. Pat Guide Pascal, John Design. Kinross. Triest, New for Chronicle 1995. Set A and University of Selected Encyclopedia The 3rd Handbook Hartley Angstadt, Architectural Rogondino. WA: Online: 2001. York: Horton. 1992. Design, Up the Book Wiley, Illuminating 2001. Hudson International to Chicago: Illustrated ed. Web and 1996. Hartley Boston: Standards New and Digital Book: Designing Design. Princeton New Sites. Books, and Writings Boston: Maintain for Bibliography Anita 1997. Haven: Karel Web Manual Prepress, of Charles York: Process Essays Marks, University of and Modern California D. Style Prepress. Press, 2nd 2000. 3rd Walker the for and Martens, Guide R. David Yale Books: of Paper Marks, on Architectural W. a M. on ed. 1995. Godine, Book. Online Lettering. Guide: Typography. Color and Web Designers. Printing W. Ellertson, University 1996. to the Works Scott. R. Company, New of Practice Albany: Site. 1995. Press, eds. Godine, 2nd Manual: Morality Basic Haven: on2nd History, ed. Karel Publishing and New ed. of Page 4 of 5 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib2.html 10/3/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, Derricourt, reserved. Princeton: Germano, Anyone Greco, Bacon, Harman, Book. ILMP Bowker. Journal http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/. LMP annually. Luey, http://www.literarymarketplace.com/lmp/us/index_us.asp. Cambridge Rabiner, How Published. Smith, University Suzanne, of by Wambtac, The the Carol (Literary to Chicago (International 2003 Toronto: Beth. Else Albert 1997. Write Datus Industry Eleanor, Published of William. Susan, Claudia. J. 1996. Also University by Princeton Electronic Scholarly New of Robin. Serious Handbook Amato Manual Great C., The Chicago N. Michigan Toronto Market Washington University available York: and from The and Jr. University Getting annually. This and An Serious of about Literary Alfred University Book Ian Publishing. Place). for Press, W. A Concept Authors Press, Publishing. Press. Thelma Style Press. Guide Business W. Montagnes, online Academic Press, It Serious Publishing of Fortunato. Nonfictionand Norton Also 2002. Online: ofGuide Published: 2001. Toronto Market New to through Sansoucie. Chicago. Press, at Book 1989. of available Published York: Books. Published Authors. & Books: eds. Place). Company, Bibliography to Industry. Press, Publishing. Sales. Thinking 1996. R. Scholarly A Tustin, All Chicago: The Guide R. Get A online quarterly 4th 1976. New quarterly Complete 3rd rights Thesis Bowker. 2002. It Boston: ed. Like for York: ed. CA: Rev. Works Publishing. at New Scholars and Your Edited by Published Overview R. by ed. Allyn York: on the R. the Editor: Seattle: Publishing and Page 5 of 5 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib2.html 10/3/2006

of Table List Go Index 3 Bibliography 3.1 3.2 American Boston: Merriam-Websters MA: http://www.Merriam-WebsterCollegiate.com CD-ROM. and 2001. Clarendon Oxford University Random New Rogets 1992. Edited Websters Language, Webster, ABC The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib3.html elango3 :to Contents Dictionaries English Foreign-Language Merriam-Webster, Oxford Frank Shorter York: Chinese-English Chicago of by English House Figures Tables Houghton 21st |Unabridged. Heritage 1993. Abate. Press, Random Barbara New Third My American Press, Dictionaries Oxford Manual Dictionary Century Account World World, Dictionary. New Mifflin, New 1993. House, Dictionary Collegiate 1989. Ann English of College International Dictionary. Dictionaries 2003. York: Thesaurus. Thesaurus 2001. | 1987. Kipfer. Springfield, Style Log Also of 2000. Also Oxford Dictionary. 2nd the Out Dictionary. Online: of Dictionary. available New ed. English in | Dictionary the available Nashville: Edited Shopping University York: 20 MA: English Bibliography vols. 24th as Language. Merriamby Dell, 11th and vols. online Elizabeth a John Cart Thomas Language. Oxford: CD-ROM. ed. as Press, Form. of ed. 1999. 10/3/2006 Oxford: DeFrancis. aDictionaries Cleveland: the at 2nd Springfield, Nelson, 2nd J. Oxford English ed. 4th Jewell ed. ed. Page 1 of 2

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The Table List Go Index 4 Bibliography 4.1 York: American University online Baronetage, Burkes Canadian Published Concise Oxford Scribners, of Dictionary various Directory 18851990. Group, International Merriam-Websters Merriam-Webster, Martins Whos elango3 :Toronto Contents to General Biography Chicago of 2002. R. Who: Who at University Figures Tables Genealogical Peerage, Dictionary editors. |in Men R. National Whos Press. http://www.anb.org. annually, of My Press, of An Reference Bowker, and 1995. Manual and American America. Account American Canadian National Whos Annual Who. Knightage. Published Women 1826. New 1995. Biography. 1999. Press, Supplements. 1966. Biographical of 1998. Toronto: with Who. and York: Biographical |Biography. Works National Scholars. Chicago: Style of Log Supplements. Heraldic semiannual 1992. Supplements. London: Science. annually. Multiple Oxford Out Online: 24A. University Biography. Dictionary. |Europa. vols. 10th Shopping History 11 14 Multiple University Dictionary. N. 20th vols. supplements. Bibliography Also vols. ed. Marquis. New ed. of 63 Published York: available of London: Cart Toronto New Toronto: vols. Springfield, 8Press, vols. the vols. New Published York: Oxford Peerage, Prepared Detroit: General New York: Press. annually. New University York: MA: St. Reference under Gale Works Page 1 of 5 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib4.html 10/3/2006

4.3 4.4 Cambridge biennially. by 1990. available Merriam-Websters Springfield, Omni Frank Oxford Road Mexico. The Britannica 1999. Britannica, Stewart, Columbia Press, Encyclopedia Encyclopaedia http://www.britannica.com Canadian Europa New Statesmans Published Time Please. Whitakers annually. Griffin. World 4.2 David Encyclopedias Almanacs York: Times York Chicago Geography Gazetteer Atlas Almanac: R. Almanac of Atlas 2000. World Skokie, Published Munro. Gazetteer Abate. 1999. Encyclopedia. Almanac Times Published Learning. World Columbia online Atlas annually. and Concise Almanack. 2000. Year-Book. Manual and MA: of Americana. Yearbook. Britannica, With and of Trip Almanac. Gazetteer: New Detroit: the IL: of Yearbooks at Merriam-Webster, and Geographical the annually. Book University the Encyclopaedia. Information annually. London: of York: http://www.bartleby.com/69/. World. Planner: Rand Directory. London: North United Style World. 2000 6th London: New of 30 New Omnigraphics, McNally, Cambridge 2002 2001. and Facts. AOnline: 8th ed. vols. York: Allen America. ed. York: Geographical States United Stationery Press, 10th as Dictionary. ed. New edition. Europa. Please. Also Toronto: Danbury, a St. New and 1997. 2001. London: Penguin New ed. York: CD-ROM. University of States, Bibliography Edited 2000. available Martins York: Unwin. America. 1991. York: New Published Boston: 32 Office. McClelland Columbia Copp-Clark. Dictionary. Encyclopaedia CT: Group. Also 3rd York: vols. St. by Canada, Published Oxford Grolier, Press. Press, Saul ed. online Information Martins Edited Published Times Chicago: annually. Published General University B.at University and Edited Cohen. by Books, 2002. Reference Works Page 2 of 5 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib4.html 10/3/2006

ABI/Inform. Learning. Anglo-American American Michael Association, Ashley, and Related Australian The annually. monthly, cumulations. http://www.hwwilson.com Book Books Also Butcher, Library Canadian Published Dissertation Microfilms cumulation. Chicago: London: Washington, Guide Batten. Research Humanities 4.5Chicago on Films Bibliographic Guides Review available in to CD-ROM. Gorman Association; Lowell Moving Association, Her Formerly Library Committee except Print. David. Books Reference American the U.S. Company. http://www.proquest.com of monthly, annually. Books International. Index. to Ann Digest. Index. Majestys DC: Manual and 1998. Bibliographical Musical Also Abstracts Contents National Government Books, Cataloguing and E. Image online in Arbor, for New Official Archives, Association, the in known Cataloging Index. available Print. Library Updated New on Paul Detroit: with Books. of Print. New February York: Library Ottawa: Performances Material. 1996. 1991. Periodicals, Cataloguing, at of Stationery Archives York: Style MI: International. as W. York: (updated quarterly New http://www.booksinprint.com. Publications Toronto: the Publications. R. Published 11th Association, 1987. Andriot. annually. ProQuest Rules. Winkler. Melbourne: online Gale H. Online: of Canadian Musical Control York: and R. Public the H. Canton, ed. of W. Congress. Bowker. W. July, twice Research Office, (updated 2nd British and University the Wilson. and the H. at Compiled Detroit: Information Chicago: Wilson. monthly Record Bibliography Moving of ed. Library Other D. W. annual in Ann United Other Library MA: with weekly). 1996. Edited Videorecordings Published W. Wilson, Britain. 196368. Prepared Library, Edited Company. Arbor, Published weekly) Music Office. Image MusicThorpe. Published annual with by Gale Sources American of States. by Robert and Toronto by 1938. MI: annual Donna General Material: annually. 2nd by the 3 Published quarterly University vols. the ed. Balay. Press. Reference London: A Works Page 3 of 5 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib4.html 10/3/2006

Frankfurt with quinquenniel Index and Library http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi. of List annually. National Livres Published Monthly Washington, Annual PAIS Information fourth Pemberton, Publications. Periodical By Readers Wilson. http://www.hwwilson.com Rodgers, New Schmeckebier, Publications Brookings Science Information. Social cumulations. quarterly at Bowker. Ulrichs Verzeichnis http://www.ulrichsweb.com. Walfords The Congress Title. http://www.hwwilson.com Human York York: Chicago annual of International Islamicus. Medicus. disponibles. cumulations. issue Science of Journals Catalog Citation Published Library Times Guide Frank. International Update. Services/National annually. 13th H. Institution, with am Guide Congress John Title cumulation. Cataloging DC: Service. Lieferbarer Manual cumulation. being W. and Published Main: New Laurence Washington, ed. to Index. annual of Government E., A Wilson, to London: Indexed of Abbreviations. Their Index. Also York: Periodical Guide annually. United in cumulative. Detroit: Verlag Reference of Also Subject Medicine. [French ed. Published Print. New cumulation. available Style Distribution F., Use. 1969. bimonthly Periodicals Also The Pergamon, (updated to 1980. Philadelphia: Bucher. Mansell. available in States York: der DC: Printing British and (updated Library Headings. Index Books Bibliographic Gale Also 2nd Supplemented Online: available New Literature. Material. Published Buchh U.S. monthly, Roy New Vol. ed. H. online [German Government York: Research, available twice with Published Medicus. in 1982. Also online Government B. W. Directory. Department of Service. Office. York Washington, twice Bibliography ndler-Vereinigung. Print]. 1, Washington, Eastin. Institute annual Wilson. online Medicine. Public weekly). available at 8th annually. with By Books Times New quarterly at Control weekly). Bethesda, Abbreviation. 2001. online ed. quarterly Publications. Published Paris: every York: at Affairs Publications. Government Published New in of Company. London: DC: for online Print]. General Health DC: of at York: H. by Electre. Scientific MD: Official with Library W. Library R. Vol. Reference R. 2, Works Page 4 of 5 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib4.html 10/3/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 4.6 4.7 Association, Whitakers Literature. Before Bartlett, Passages, in Justin Crystal, about Chicago Elizabeth 1999. Acronyms, Symbols, vols. Davis, 2000. the Huntington Jablonski, Abbreviations. Polmar, 2001. of Press, Stahl, 10th CRC Websters Webster, The Ancient Military Quotations Abbreviations Oxford Expense Press, Chicago ed. 2003 Language Edited reserved. 1988 Kaplan. Neil 1994. Dean, Press, Norman, David, and Originated 1985. John. Phrases, Knowles. Initialisms, Abbreviations, Guide by Books and Dictionary Valley, Stanley. 2001. London: titled M. of Abbreviations. Manual 19992000. Similar by and The Modern Boston: and 2000. Medical Communications 4th Bartletts and Mary Bruce to in Karen University British and Languages. Oxford: PA: ed. Abbreviations. of Print: J. Hilary Dictionary by Condensed Rose Literature. of Warren, Style Whitaker. Proverbs Little, and Abbreviations: Neil Philadelphia: Kerchelich. Ralph Quotations. Contractions, Bonk. The Books Familiar Crystal. Oxford Abbreviations Annapolis, M. Online: of De Chicago: and Reference Brown, Appellations. Davis of Chicago. Traced Detroit: Sola. Published in 17th University Safety. Medical Eric Springfield, Abbreviations Print. Quotations: Words Bibliography 5th Associates, Hanley 2002. 15,000 MD: Boca toGale ed. University Alphabetic Wertheim. All Catalogue ed. Dictionary: Their on 10th Acronyms Naval annually. Edited Raton, and Words: Edited Press, 27th Conveniences Research, ed. MA: AGeneral Sources Belfus, Institute 2001. Dictionary Dictionary. Collection by of ed. FL: of and MerriamQuotations by A3 Current Guide Reference at to of Works Page 5 of 5 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib4.html 10/3/2006

The Reinbek: BIOSIS annually. and Daniels, Systems. Duden 1. French Association of Table List Go Index 5 Bibliography ALA-LC Roman Washington, American Naturalists. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AN/home.html. University Astrophysical http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJ/home.html. by Astronomical Baker, http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/ApJ/front.html. the Beuschel-Menze, Rechtschreibung: elango3 :Mannheim: Contents to the as Chicago Miscellaneous World, of Rechtschreibung Review. Scripts. Serial a Romanization University A. Figures Tables Rowohlt, CD-ROM. Peter New |Also Naturalist. Annapolis, D., My of 20022003: of Manual DC: York: Dudenverlag, Also Journal. Society. Sources. Account Chicago Journal. III. available T., Journal Teachers Compiled Library Hertha, W1996. Works available of rter and Oxford of The Tables: MD: Journal Chicago der Style |published Journal Press Also Their Philadelphia: William Journal Naval und of Log Cited Naval and online University deutschen 1996. French. Congress, available Regeln Online: Out Transliteration edited online for Ships, Frohmut published Press Institute in published Institute Bright, published at |bimonthly the Text Shopping leicht http://www.biosis.org by at for Aircraft, Sprache. Bibliography American Menze. BIOSIS. Press, 1991. online Randall eds. monthly the Guide monthly Press, three gelernt. by Cart American Die The 1996. Schemes at Published 21st Society to and the K. by times 2002. neue Worlds by Combat Miscellaneous Barry. ed. American the the for of a Vol. month Fleets Writing Non- of Works Cited in Te xt Page 1 of 3 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib5.html 10/3/2006

Real Koeltz London: International 1999. quarterly East online MacEllven, Legal Butterworths, Mouse Noel, http://www.informatics.jax.org/. Dictionary. Oxford 1988. Hornblower York: Physical CD-ROM. American PMLA. http://prl.aps.org/. Association Pullum, Guide. Raymond, 1996. Cambridge, Gall, Scarborough, Grevisse, ed. Duculot, History University Horticulture. available Human http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/nomenclature/. Prepared Madrid: Romanic Thorin, The Edited Chicago Studies Academia Research Genome John Oxford Journal Gerald Gene Scientific at Classical 2nd International Geoffrey of Espasa, Review. Suzanne Review Physical Eric 1986. and by http://www.jstor.org/journals/00207438.html. Maurice. online Douglass V., and ed. MA: by Religions. of Nomenclature Department 5th of Manual Cambridge Association Database. University L. ON: edited Code Journal 1998. published S. Espa Andr Chicago Magazine Handbook. Jr., Anthony America. Chicago: MIT ed. Letters. The 1999. Journal E., Dictionary. K., The Carswell, at Books, Society. ola. of Press, Le Goosse. T., and Annapolis, Canadian http://www.hortmag.com. by and New Zoological Trust of bon Journal Press. Botanical Style University Mouse Spawforth. published W. Ortograf Michael Edward Press, bimonthly University Committee published Carole 2000. Middle of 4th Published William Hackers Romance 1996. usage: Greuter Also 1995. Paris-Gembloux: for North Online: ed. Genome 3rd Legal published L. MD: 1996. Franklin Zoological East J. available Nomenclature Nomenclature. Toronto: ed. A. Grammaire a ten Languages. Press America. Beach. Oxford by Dictionary. Database. et quarterly McGuire, Naval semimonthly of System. de Informatics. Ladusaw. Bibliography Studies. Edited Also the times al. Chicago lafor quarterly Vidall. Naval Institute and Modern lengua Konline available Nomenclature, Also nigstein: 4th fran aby the and New Phonetic year. (St. ditions Journal Press, 3rd 4th Terms Simon by ed. the Middle available Denis Language aise. espa The at Miscellaneous the ed. by Louis ed. Press, Also Columbia as Acquisition the ola. published LeMay. Symbol 12th aCode). Works Cited in Te xt Page 2 of 3 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib5.html 10/3/2006

About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights and Canton, USP Rockville, Valli, annually. Language: Gallaudet Zurick, Harrisburg, The Cataloging Dictionary Chicago 2003 reserved. Clayton, MA: Timothy. An University by MD: Music PA: Manual Introduction. The of U.S. and Stackpole Army University Music Library USAN of Pharmacopeial Ceil Press, Dictionary Style and and Lucas. Association, Books, International 3rd Sound 2001. Online: ofed. Chicago. The and 1999. Recordings: Convention. Washington, Linguistics Bibliography Desk 1984. All Drug Reference. ADC: Names. Revised Glossary. of Miscellaneous American 2nd ed.Sign Works Cited in Te xt Page 3 of 3 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/bib5.html 10/3/2006

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights 13.19 10.29 alphabetizing, 17.47; 10.8; 17.108; possessives, .. The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/indexB.html billion, currency, date measurement punctuation, spelling, broadcasting broadside: tables, brochures, buildings capitalization foreign, numbers with religious, bullets, Burmese businesses abbreviations in names publications titles See but, bylaws, Chicago 2003 computer Inc., reserved. capitalization, also form, periodicals indexing, 5.180, of: of by 13.54, in of, names, 9.32 5.202, United 10.29 2.37, Ltd., organizations, Manual 9.26 7.5, abbreviations, 7.18 persons The 17.339 illustrations, 2.77, names 8.109, units, in writing, 18.46, 5.191 6.10 companies, of, used University 18.29 13.61, of street 2.79, 18.75 and 18.46, 9.10 Kingdom of 17.24041 of, 17.241 names name, 9.53 in, 15.74 in, 18.8687; the Style 8.7374, 9.53 6.127, 7.81 13.62, address, 18.8687; 8.30 15.76 like, 15.26 of, 8.182 names 15.2324, Online: of6.129 p. 8.61, Chicago. 825 p. as 8.163; 6.50, of 9.57 825, author, Index 8.63, 15.26; 17.104, foreign, table All B8.109, Page10/3/2006 7 of 7

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About the 15th Edition | About the University of Chicago Press | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2006 | by Site The Map University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Content 1982, 1993, rights in, speech, single-word discourse, doctrine; .. The http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/indexQ.html from sic silent text of as See Quran, citation 11.3539; Chicago 2003 speech, titles, titles reserved. with, also secondary 11.45; citation interpolations; by correction 11.43; 11.47 8.111 speech, dialogue; of, Manual 6.78, of The translation dialogue, 8.17277 indirect work, 17.249 placement University sources, faltering 7.56, of 11.44; 8.171, ellipsis Style of, and discourse, 11.69 following, quotation 17.274 11.8 unspoken and, conversation: or Online: ofpoints; 17.60 interrupted Chicago. 16.113 11.48; marks Index 11.87 fair All direct Q use 10/3/2006 Page 4 of 4

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