1 BACKGROUND

Alireza Ashra Moghadam; Rick Chalaturnyk

University of Alberta
Analytical Study of Gas Slippage
When the mean free path of the gas molecules is comparable to
the pore size, the classic zero velocity assumption at the pore walls
fails. Therefore the velocity at the wall has a non-zero value. This
condition is referred to as slip ow. !
Flow in low permeability porous media typically lies in the Slip Flow
regime, therefore it can not be described by Darcy equation.!
!
Klinkenberg (1941) proposed an equation to take slippage into
account. This equation has been the industry standard for 70 years.
Slip ow was only observed in the laboratory analysis for
conventional reservoirs. However, in Shale Gas reservoirs slip ow
is also present in reservoir condition.
2 Why / PURPOSE
4 RESULTS!
Ashra Moghadam, A., Chalaturnyk, R., 2013. A NewAnalytical Approach to Gas Slip Theory. Journal Coal Geology, InPress.; Klinkenberg, L.J 1941.The permeability of porous media to liquids and gases. API Drilling and Production Practice, 200-213.; Darabi, H., Ettehad, A., Javadpour, F., Sepehrnoori, K., 2012. Gas Flow in Ultra-Tight Shale
Strata. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 710, 641-658.;Tanikawa W., Shimamoto,T., 2009. Comparison of Klinkenberg-Corrected Gas Permeability and Water Permeability in Sedimentary Rocks. International journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 46, 229-238.; Li, S., Dong, M., Li, Z., 2009. Measurement and Revised Interpretation of
Gas Flow Behaviour in Tight Reservoir Cores. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 65, 81-88.; Dong, M., Li, Z., Li, S.,Yao, J., 2012. Permeabilities of Tight Reservoir Cores Determined for Gaseous and Liquid CO2 and C2H6 Using Minimum Backpressure Method. Journal of natural Gas Science and Engineering 5, 1-5; Javadpour,
F., Fisher, D., Unsworth, M., 2007. Nanoscale gas ow in shale gas sediments. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology. 46(10), 5561.
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Klinkenbergs Equation!
Whi l e Kl i nkenbergs equati on i s accurate for conventi onal
permeabilities, deviations have been observed for ultra-low permeability
media.!
!
It is observed that b in Klinkenbergs equation increases with
increasing mean pressure. !
!
Several investigators have reported overestimation of permeability by
Klinkenbergs equation. !
!
In Klinkenbergs analysis, a constant velocity gradient is assumed in the
pores. This assumption does not hold particularly for the case of a shale
pore. !
Deviation from straight line
The assumption of constant velocity gradient is removed from Klinkenbergs
analysis. The boundary condition in a circular tube becomes: !
The equation of motion assuming continuous laminar ow
of a Newtonian uid is:!
Using the new boundary condition and comparing to Darcy and Poiseuilles equation: !
which explains why b in Klinkenbergs equation increases with pressure!
1able 1: Comparlson of Lhe proposed equauon and kllnkenberg's equauon Lo
experlmenLal daLa

AuLhor Sample
kllnkenberg 's
ermeablllLy (md)
ermeablllLy
uslng new
Lquauon (md)
Llquld
ermeablllLy
(md)
1 kllnkenberg(1941) Core M 11.1 10.88 10.43
2 kllnkenberg(1941) Core L 2.73 2.66 2.33
3 Ll eL al.(2009) S3 0.034 0.0281 0.028
4 uong eL al.(2012) C1 0.032 0.0213 0.02
3 uong eL al.(2012) C2 0.043 0.0326 0.03
6
1anlkawa eL al.
(2009)
lvA418
-60
Ma
1.02 0.91 0.122
7
1anlkawa eL al.
(2009)
lvA418
-80
Ma
0.93 0.73 0.117
8
1anlkawa eL al.
(2009)
lvA419
-60
Ma
10.42 4.02 3.66
9
1anlkawa eL al.
(2009).
lvA419
-100
Ma
9.82 3.32 3.23
According to theory: !
Conclusions:!
!
New equation is consistent with theory!
Proposed equation solves the problem of
overestimation of permeability!
New equation should be used instead of Klinkenbergs
for permeability of less than 1 md!
This work can be used for lab analysis and reservoir
scale simulations!
!
Darabi et al., 2012!
Eq. 25!
(Eq. 28) (Eq. 32) (Eq. 33)
zero velocity assumption at the wall!
Slip ow condition (non-zero velocity)!
Javadpour et al., 2007!
This leads to:!
3 METHODOLOGY