Grade 8

Chemical Calculation

27/1/2013

2Na + Cl2 ------------------------- 2NaCl 2 sodium atoms react with (one chlorine molecule) two chlorine atoms form two sodium chloride molecule 6 x1023 particles (atoms, molecules, ions) one mole of iron = 6 x1023 iron atoms one mole of water = 6 x1023 water molecules one mole of sodium ion = 6 x1023 sodium ions Relative atomic mass: It the mass of atom related to the mass of hydrogen atom or 1/12 of carbon atom mass Avogadro's number He said that any one mole of atoms or ions or molecules contain fixed number which equal 6X1023 Mole It is used to measure the quantity of material which has fixed number of particles 6X1023 It equals the relative atomic mass of atom represents in grams or It equals the relative molecular mass represents in gram Find the mass of one mole of each of the followings: 1. Carbon dioxide CO2 = 12 + (16X2) = 44 , mass of one mole of CO2 = 44 grams 2. Water H2O = 2x1 + 16 = 18 , one mole of water = 18 grams 3. Iron Fe = 56, one mole of iron = 56 grams iron 4. Hydrogen gas H2 one mole of hydrogen gas = 2 grams 5. Chlorine gas Cl2 = 35.5 x 2 = 71 grams 6. Copper sulfate CuSO4 = 64 +32 + 16x4 = 160 grams 7. Aluminium chloride AlCl3 = 27 + 35.5 x 3 = 133.5 grams 8. Magnesium oxide MgO = 24 +16 = 40 grams 9. Hydrogen chloride gas HCl = 36.5 grams 10. Sulfuric acid H2SO4 = 2x1 + 32 + 1

30/1/2013 Wed Grade 8 Chemistry Mole Finding the number of mole in case of elements Find the number of mole in each of the followings: 1. 10 g of gold 2. 50 g of iron 3. 20 g of argon 4. 100 g of calcium 5. 70 g of Aluminium then find the number of atoms that present in the each of the above Number of mole = given mass / relative atomic mass (number written at the right above the symbol) One mole = relative atomic mass represents in gram. 1. Number of mole of gold = 10/197= 0.05 mole - Number of atoms of gold = Number of mole X 6X10 =0.05 X 6X10 = 3X10 atoms 2. 50 g of iron No of mole = 50/56 = 0.8 mole No of atoms = 0.8 X 6 X 10 = 5.34 X 10 3. 20/40 = 0.5 , no of atoms = 3 x 10
23 24 23 23 23 23 22

4. 100/40 = 2.5 mol, no of atoms = 1.5X 10

5.

70/27 = 2.59 mol, no of atoms = 1.5 X 10

24

Find the mass of each of the followings: 1. 5 mole of silver 2. 3 mole of iron---------------------3x56 = 168 g 3. 2 mole of sodium--------------------------2x23 = 46 g 4. 0.05 mole of sulfur------------------0.05x32 = 1.6 g 5. 0.6 mole of phosphorus-------------------0.6x31 = 18.6 g Mass = number of mole X mass of one mole (Relative atomic mass Ar) 1. mass = 5 x 108 = 540 grams Find the mass of each of the followings: 1. 6 X 10
20

atoms of iron

2. 5 X 10 atoms of gold find number mole then find mass To find number of mole, divide the given number of atoms/the number of atoms in one mole To find mass, multiply the number of mole X the mass of one mole

15

Grade 8

Chemical Calculation

3/2/2013

Finding number of mole in case of compound Number of mole = given mass of compound /Mr (Mr is the relative molecular mass)or (sum of atomic masses that form the compound). Example Find the number of moles in each of the followings 1. 20 grams of table salt sodium chloride -------------NaCl Mr = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g one mole of table salt = 58.5 grams Number of moles = 20/58.5 = 0.34 mol Number of table salt molecules = 0.34 X 6X1023= 2.04X1023 2. 50 g of copper sulfate crystals CuSO4 ---------------Mr = 63.5 + 32 + (16x4) = 159.5 g Number of moles = 50/159.5 = 0.31 mol Number of molecules of copper sulfate = 0.31 X 6X1023 = 1.8X1023 molecules Number of moles in gases Equal volumes of different gases have the same number of moles One mole of any gas occupies 24 dm3 Number of mole in case of gases = given volume in dm3/24 or = given volume in cm3/24000 Example: Find the number of mole, mass and number of particles in each of the followings: 1. 45 cm3 of chlorine gas 2. 100 dm3 of water vapour 3. one litre of carbon dioxide gas 4. 1000 cm3 of argon gas 5. 500 cm3 of sulfur dioxide gas. 1. 45 cm3 of chlorine gas Cl2 Mr = 35.5x2 = 71 Number of mole = 45/24000 = 0.001 mol Mass = 0.001 X 71 = 0.071 g Number of particles = 0.001 X 6x 1023 = 6 x 1020 molecules 2. Number of mole of water vapour = 100/24 = 4.17 mol mass = 4.17X18 = 75 grams Number of water molecules particles = 4.17 X 6 X 1023 = 2.5 X1024 particles

6/2/2013 Number of mole in solution Solution is a mixture between solute (solid) and solvent (liquid) Concentration 1 molar solution -------------- one litre of solution contains one mole of solute Example To prepare one molar solution of table salt One mole of table salt = 23 +35.5 = 58.5 grams Get a flask with 500 cm3 of water , dissolve 58.5 g of salt in it then complete the flask with water to 1 litre. mol/dm3 = M Concentration of solution = number of mole of solute/volume in dm 3 Problems 1. Find the mass of table salt that present in 300cm3 of 0.1mol/dm3 (M) salt solution. Number of mole = Volume X concentration Number of mole = 300/1000 X 0.1 = 0.03 mol Mass of table salt = 0.03 X 58.5 =1.76 g 2. You dissolve 20 grams of sugar in a cup contain 200 cm3 water, find the concentration of sugar solution (sucrose: C12H22O11) Concentration = number of mole of sugar/ volume in dm3 Molecular of sugar = 12X12 + 22X1 + 11X16 = Number of mole of sugar =given mass /Mr = 20/342 = 0.06 mol Volume of solution = 200/1000= 0.2 dm3 Conc = 0.06/0.2 = 0.3 mol/dm3 3. You have 300 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution of 0.1 mol/dm3 , find the mass of sodium hydroxide which present in this solution. Number of mole =conc X volume = 0.1 X 0.3 = 0.03 mol mass of sodium hydroxide = 0.03 X 40 = 1.2 grams 4. Find the volume of water that needed to dissolve 100 g of table salt to from a solution with concentration 0.5 M.