Kenya WASH Cluster Emergency Water Training Chlorination calculation of dosage

1% solution has = 10 g active chlorine / litre 10,000 mg / litre 10,000 mg / 1,000 ml 10 mg / ml So each 1 ml of 1% solution has 10 mg of active chlorine If you need 3 mg/l of chlorine to leave 0.5 mg/l residual of active chlorine a) Then for a 20 litre jerry can and using a 1% solution, you will need: 3 mg / litre x 20 litres = 60 mg chlorine needed 60 mg chlorine = 6 x 1 ml of 1% solution b) If you use a 3% solution this is 10mg x 3 = 30 mg/ml Then for a 20 litre jerry can and using a 3% solution, you will need: 3 mg / litre x 20 litres = 60 mg chlorine needed 60 mg chlorine = 2 x 1 ml of 3% solution Quantities of chemical required to make 1 Litre of 1% Chlorine Solution1
Source of chlorine High Test Hypochlorite granules (HTH) Bleaching powder Stabilized tropical bleach Liquid household disinfectant Liquid laundry disinfectant Antiseptic solution (e.g. Milton) Available chlorine % 70 34 25 10 Quantity required (g) 14 g 30 g 40 g 100 ml Approx. measure 1 heaped tablespoon 2 heaped tablespoons 3 heaped tablespoons 7 tablespoons

200 ml

14 tablespoons

1 litre

No need to adjust as it is a 1% solution

Davis & Lambert, Engineering in Emergencies

Kenya WASH Cluster WASH in emergencies training 27-30 Oct 2008 4.09 - Handout - calculation of chlorine dosage.doc

Ascertaining the required dose for HTH powder To determine how much chlorine to add, the chlorine demand is measured. 1. Prepare a 1% chlorine solution2, the quantity depending upon type of chlorine used (see the table below). 2. Take 3 or 4 non-metallic containers of known volume (e.g. 20 litre buckets). 3. Fill the containers with some of the water to be treated and check the pH of the water. 4. Add to each bucket a progressively greater dose of 1% solution with a syringe: 1st container: 1ml 2nd container: 1.5ml 3rd container: 2ml 4th container: 2.5ml 5. Wait 30 minutes. (This is essential as this is the minimum contact time for the chlorine to react. If the pH of the water is high, this minimum time will increase) 6. 7. 8. 9. Measure the free chlorine residual in reach bucket. Choose the sample which shows a free residual chlorine level between 0.2 and 0.5mg/l. Extrapolate the 1% dose to the volume of water to be treated. Pour the solution into the reservoir/dosing vessel, mix well (during filling) and wait 30 minutes before distributing to consumers.

10. Check chlorine demand at several water distribution points and adjust if required. 11. Recheck chlorine demand periodically and when raw water quality is known to vary, to ensure that the chlorine residual is maintained.

A 1% solution contains 1% of available chlorine, which is 10g of chlorine per litre, i.e. 10,000 mg/l or 10,000 ppm.

Kenya WASH Cluster WASH in emergencies training 27-30 Oct 2008 4.09 - Handout - calculation of chlorine dosage.doc