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Slug Flow

(Sample model : slug.dat)


Slug flow is a phenomenon that occurs under special circumstances of two phase gas-liquid flow. It is the most serious scenario in two phase flow as it involves a moving liquid mass pushed by gases in between. Slugs can also form due to inadvertent collection of liquid in relief lines and low quality steam flow in well collection. Slug flow is not very uniform as the process of formation of slugs is random. This makes it hard to predict slug forces accurately. Slugs characteristics are: Slug speed v : usually 0.5 to 1.0 times the gas velocity Slug length L : The longer, the more conservative Slug fluid density p
2

Slug cylinder area A= D 4

r time phase between successive slugs

Slug forces are generated when changes in flow direction occurs as at elbows. The change in momentum causes these forces. The amplitude of the slug force for 90-deg elbow is:

Slug Force =

A V

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Typical forcing functions on 90-deg and 45-deg elbows are shown below

It takes the slug head force for

A V , where R
2

seconds to exit the bend and to attain the maximum slug V is the length of the bend. The peak slug force is sustained R seconds. It then drops in R V seconds.

L V

At pipe reduction or at orifice locations the characteristics of the slug force history can be different. In this case, the rise time can be assumed zero and the slug impact duration is 2L/V.

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The slug load is ideally suited for time history analysis in AutoPIPE. You can model the phase between successive impacts on different elbows. Only one TIH file and one THL file need to be entered for each slug. The TIH file profile is shown above. The THL file defines points of application of the TIH file and the direction of load application. It also specifies the time the load will act at each point. A force will be applied at each elbow Near and Far points as shown in the sketch. The TIH file depends on slug length, but the THL does not. THL vary with slug speed. Most of the response to slug flow is primarily caused by low frequency modes that have large modal displacements in the direction of slug loading.

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Sample Slug Problem


ASME B31.4 Pressure: 1.034 N/mm2 (150 psi) Temperature: 93.3 deg.C (200 F) Slug Length = 3.05 m (10 ft) Fluid density = 800.92 kg/m3 Fluid velocity = 15.24 m/sec (50 ft/sec) Fluid diameter = 304.8mm (12 inches i.e.12STD), Fluid area = 0.072966 m2 (113.098 in2) Fluid Force: AV2= 800.92*0.072966*15.24 2 = 13573 N (3051.33 lbs) 45-deg bends: R = 1.5*(12/12)*(1.57/2)/50 = 0.024 seconds V L Td = = 0.176 sec RV Tr=
Tr+Td = 0.2 sec 2Tr+Td = 0.224 sec

90-deg bends: R = 1.5*1*1.57/50 = 0.047 seconds V L Td = = 0.153 sec RV Tr=


Tr+Td = 0.2 sec 2Tr+Td = 0.247 sec

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45-deg slug definition

File name : Time 0.000000 0.024000 I 0.200000 0.224000

S LG10 45

Acc/G /Force

: I

Force A/G/F

A1G/F 0.000 13573.000 I 13573.000 0.000

Time

OK

Cancel I

Help I

1=1111111
Time history load name : Point A2 N A=2 F A04 N AM F A6 N A=6 F A07 N F History SLG10_45 SLG10_45 Scale DX DY DZ 0.000 II.707 -0.707 0.000 0.000 -0.707 0.707 0.000 Start

112i

1 1

-----

1 .0 0 1.00

1 . 0 00 r n. 0 00 -0.707 rn.000

0.000000 0.000000 0.200000 0.200000 0.400000 0.400000 0.600000 0.600000

SLG10_45 _ SLG10_45 E

- -

1.00 0.707 rn.000 rn.000 1 . 0 0 0 - 0 . 7 0 7 r n . 0 0 0 r n . 0 0 0

SLG10_45 E 1 . 0 0 SLG10_45 E 1 . 0 0 I SLG10_45 SLG10_45 1


- -

1.00 0.707 rn.000

E r E

1.00

- 101=1_1

1 0.110

E ___________
OK Cancel

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90-deg slug definition

Time History ProfiI _____ S LG 10 90


A/G IF I 0.000 Acc/G /Force : Force Time AIG I F

File name : Time

0.000000 0.047000 0.200000 0.247000

1 13573.000
I 13573 000 I 0.000

I OK Cancel I Help

Time history load name : Point Bln13 N

IS90

2L1
DX 1 1100 0.000 IUDIDO --000 r 000
-

History SLG10_90 E SLG10_90 1r SLG10_90 'P.: SLG10_90 SLG10_90 I SLG10_90 LP-1


. -

Scale

DY In11100 M1.1=100 rn1.000 rn1.000 1 1 = 1 0 0 0

D2 0.000 1000 -1=101=1 rn1.000 In1.000

Start 0.000000 0.000000 0.200000 0.200000 0.400000 0.400000

1.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 [1.00 11.00 FG10_90 1.00

Bm4

BmN
1306 F B07 N B07 F

14 F

..7:1

0
FG10_90 L...] I

" 11.00

1ii JD 0
-

77 .13 0 _-nT-y3 c1

0.000 10.110 71.000 I 0.600000 i 0.000 7 0.600000

I -1.00011 11100

I
I

OK I

Cancel

Help

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