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Study Model : Theory Vs.

Caesar II

@Temp = 300 C

Hot Modulus @ 300 C

Thermal Force = (D2/4)E = 7682.75 mm2 x (1.8526E+005 MPa) x ( For Secondary Loads FT = 5125326 N S = 667.12 N/mm2 For Primary Loads Weight 5 m = 60.18 kg/m x 5m =2952 N Weight @ each support = 1475 N Longitudinal stress from weight SLW= 1475 N/7682.75 mm2 = 0.192 N/mm2

) x (0.003601 mm/mm) Thermal Axial Force P = AE S = E

Longitudinal stress from Pressure SLp= Pdi2/(d02-di2) = 1.569 N/mm2 x (273.052) / (273.052-254.5082) = 11.6653 N/mm2 Total Longitudinal stress SL = 0.192 + 11.6653 N/mm2 = 11.86 N/mm2

Corroded case Wall Thickness = 9.271 1.5 (9.271x12.5%) = 6.612125 mm di = 273.05- (2xt) = 259.82575 mm. Longitudinal stress from weight SLW= 1475 N/5534.608 mm2 = 0.2665 N/mm2 Longitudinal stress from Pressure SLp= Pdi2/(d02-di2) = 1.569 N/mm2 x (273.052) / (273.052-259.825752) = 12.5114 N/mm2 Total Longitudinal stress SL = 0.2665 + 12.5114 N/mm2 = 12.78 N/mm2

@Temp = 250 C Thermal Force = (D2/4)E = 7682.75 mm2 x (1.8873E+005 MPa) x ( For Secondary Loads FT = 4173000 N S = 543.16 N/mm2 For Primary Loads Same values as Temp. 300 C ) x (0.002878 mm/mm)

Report 1: Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress Use Appendix P for Operating stress range Use Code Case 178 for sustained stress

LOAD CASE DEFINITION KEY CASE 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1 CASE 3 (SUS) W+P1 FX (N) Rigid ANC FY (N) FZ (N ) MX (N.m.) MY (N.m.) MZ (N.m.) DX (mm.) DY (mm.) DZ (mm.)

NODE

Load Case

2100

2(OPE) 3(OPE) 4(SUS) 5(SUS) 6(EXP) 7(EXP) MAX

0 0 0 0 0 0

-5125994 -4174644 -1475 -1475 -5124519 -4173168 5125994/L2

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

-0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000/L2

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

2110

Rigid ANC

2(OPE) 3(OPE) 4(SUS) 5(SUS) 6(EXP) 7(EXP) MAX

0 0 0 0 0 0

5123044 4171693 -1475 -1475 5124519 4173168 5124519/L6

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 -0.000 -0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000/L6

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Piping Code: B31.3

= B31.3 -2008, December 31, 2008

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED *** Highest Stresses: (N./sq.mm. ) CodeStress Ratio (%) is 205.0 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4 Code Stress: Axial Stress: Bending Stress: Torsion Stress: Hoop Stress: 3D Max Intensity: 667.0 Allowable: 325.3

667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1 26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1 805.5 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1 Code Stress N./sq.mm. Allowable Stress N./sq.mm. 325.33 336.96 122.37 122.37 325.33 336.96 Code Stress N./sq.mm. Allowable Stress N./sq.mm. 325.33 336.96 122.37 122.37 325.33 336.96

Load Case

From Node

To Node

Piping Code

2(OPE) 3(OPE) 4(SUS) 5(SUS) 6(EXP) 7(EXP)

2100

656.84 533.00 12.39 12.39 667.03 543.20

2110

656.45 532.62 12.85 12.85 667.03 543.20

B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3

* *

* *

Report 2: Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress Use Appendix P for Operating stress range Not use Code Case 178 for sustained stress

Piping Code: B31.3

= B31.3 -2008, December 31, 2008

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED *** Highest Stresses: (N. /sq.mm.) CodeStress Ratio (%) is 205.0 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4 Code Stress: Axial Stress: Bending Stress: Torsion Stress: Hoop Stress: 3D Max Intensity: 667.0 Allowable: 325.3

667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1 26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1 805.5 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Load Case 2(OPE) 3(OPE) 4(SUS) 5(SUS) 6(EXP) 7(EXP)

From Node 2100

Code Stress N./sq.mm. 656.84 533.00 12.39 12.39 667.03 543.20

Allowable Stress N./sq.mm. 325.33 336.96 122.37 122.37 325.33 336.96

To Node 2110

Code Stress N./sq.mm. 656.45 532.62 12.85 12.85 667.03 543.20

Allowable Stress N./sq.mm. 325.33 336.96 122.37 122.37 325.33 336.96

Piping Code B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 * *

* *

Report 3: Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress Not use Appendix P for Operating stress range Use Code Case 178 for sustained stress
Piping Code: B31.3 = B31.3 -2008, December 31, 2008

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION PASSED *** Highest Stresses: (N./sq.mm. ) CodeStress Ratio (%) is 10.5 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1 Code Stress: Axial Stress: Bending Stress: Torsion Stress: Hoop Stress: 3D Max Intensity: 12.8 Allowable: 122.4

667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1 26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1 805.5 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Load Case

From Node

Code Stress N./sq.mm.

Allowable Stress N./sq.mm. 0.00 0.00 122.37 122.37 202.96 205.28

To Node

Code Stress N./sq.mm.

Allowable Stress N./sq.mm. 0.00 0.00 122.37 122.37 202.96 205.28

Piping Code

2(OPE) 3(OPE) 4(SUS) 5(SUS) 6(EXP) 7(EXP)

2100

656.84 533.00 12.39 12.39 0.00 0.00

2110

656.45 532.62 12.85 12.85 0.00 0.00

B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3

Report 4: Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress Not use Appendix P for Operating stress range Not use Code Case 178 for sustained stress

NODE

Load Case

FX (N) Rigid ANC

FY (N)

FZ (N )

MX (N.m.)

MY (N.m.)

MZ (N.m.)

DX (mm.)

DY (mm.)

DZ (mm.)

2100 2(OPE) 3(OPE) 4(SUS) 5(SUS) 6(EXP) 7(EXP) MAX

0 0 0 0 0 0

-5125994 -4174644 -1475 -1475 -5124519 -4173168 5125994/L2

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

-0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000/L2

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

2110 2(OPE) 3(OPE) 4(SUS) 5(SUS) 6(EXP) 7(EXP) MAX

Rigid ANC

0 0 0 0 0 0

5123044 4171693 -1475 -1475 5124519 4173168 5124519/L6

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 -0.000 -0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000/L6

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION PASSED *** Highest Stresses: (N./sq.mm. ) CodeStress Ratio (%) is 10.5 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1 Code Stress: Axial Stress: Bending Stress: Torsion Stress: Hoop Stress: 3D Max Intensity: 12.8 Allowable: 122.4

667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1 26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1 805.5 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Load Case

From Node

Code Stress N./sq.mm. 656.84 533.00 12.39 12.39 0.00 0.00

Allowable Stress N./sq.mm. 0.00 0.00 122.37 122.37 202.96 205.28

To Node

Code Stress N./sq.mm. 656.45 532.62 12.85 12.85 0.00 0.00

Allowable Stress N./sq.mm. 0.00 0.00 122.37 122.37 202.96 205.28

Piping Code

2(OPE) 3(OPE) 4(SUS) 5(SUS) 6(EXP) 7(EXP)

2100

2110

B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3

Report 5 : Use Cold Modulus (Ec) for Report Force & Stress Not use Appendix P for Operating stress range Not use Code Case 178 for sustained stress

NODE

Load Case

FX (N) Rigid ANC

FY (N)

FZ (N )

MX (N.m.)

MY (N.m.)

MZ (N.m.)

DX (mm.)

DY (mm.)

DZ (mm.)

2100 2(OPE) 3(OPE) 4(SUS) 5(SUS) 6(EXP) 7(EXP) MAX

0 0 0 0 0 0

-5628066 -4499159 -1475 -1475 -5626590 -4497684 5628066/L2

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

-0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000/L2

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

2110 2(OPE) 3(OPE) 4(SUS) 5(SUS) 6(EXP) 7(EXP) MAX

Rigid ANC

0 0 0 0 0 0

5625115 4496209 -1475 -1475 5626591 4497684 5626591/L6

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 -0.000 -0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000/L6

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION PASSED *** Highest Stresses: (MPa )

CodeStress Ratio (%) is 10.5 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1 Code Stress: Axial Stress: Bending Stress: Torsion Stress: Hoop Stress: 3D Max Intensity: 12.8 Allowable: 122.4

732.4 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1 26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1 883.1 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Load Case

From Node

Code Stress MPa 722.23 533.03 12.39 12.39 0.00 0.00

Allowable Stress MPa 0.00 0.00 122.38 122.38 202.97 205.30

To Node

Code Stress MPa 721.85 532.65 12.85 12.85 0.00 0.00

Allowable Stress MPa 0.00 0.00 122.38 122.38 202.97 205.30

Piping Code B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3 B31.3

2(OPE) 3(OPE) 4(SUS) 5(SUS) 6(EXP) 7(EXP)

2100

2110

C2 Configuration For Stress B31.3 Paragraph 319.2.3(c)


Enables the software to include axial terms in the expansion stress according to Paragraph 319.2.3(c) of B31.3. This option has three settings, as discussed below.

No (default) - CAESAR II behaves as it always has, and axial stresses are not included in the (Expansion) Displacement Stress Range value. (This is Se in Eq. (17) of B31.3.) |Sa| + Se - The absolute value of the axial stress is added to the (Expansion) Displacement Stress Range, and the sum is reported as the (Expansion) Displacement Stress Range, Se. This selection is more conservative than ( |Sa| + Sb )2. ( |Sa| + Sb )2 - The absolute value for the axial stress is added to the bending term in the (Expansion) Displacement Stress Range equation (Se, Eq (17) in B31.3). This selection is less conservative than |Sa| + Se. This option is more nearly theoretically correct, and consistent with Appendix P Eqs (P17a) and (P17b).

Implement B31.3 Appendix P


Activating this option implements the alternate rules in B31.3 Appendix P. This option produces a "code compliance operating load case", with allowable stress values.

Implement B31.3 Code Case 178


Activating this option causes the program to compute the Sustained stresses according to B31.3 Code Case 178. ASME Website Code Case 178. Activating this option over-rides the directives for "F/A" and "torsion", since the Code Case explicitly defines how to make the Sustained Case stress calculation.

Add F/A in Stresses


This option determines whether or not the axial stress term is included in the code stress computation. Setting this directive to Default causes CAESAR II to use whatever the currently active piping code recommends. Only the B31.3-type piping codes (i.e. codes where the sustained stress equation is not explicitly given) have the F/A stresses included in the sustained and occasional stress equations. The B31.1-type codes do not include the F/A stresses because the equations given explicitly in the code do not include it. The F/A stresses discussed here are not due to longitudinal pressure. These are the F/A stresses due to structural loads in the piping system itself.

Add Torsion in SL Stress


Some piping codes include torsion in the sustained and occasional stresses by explicitly including it in the stress equation (i.e. B31.1), and some don't include torsion in the sustained and occasional stresses by implicitly calling for "longitudinal stresses" only (i.e. B31.3). Setting the Add Torsion in SL Stress directive to Yes forces CAESAR II to include the torsion term in those codes that don't include it already by default. Setting this directive to Default causes CAESAR II to use whatever the currently active piping code implies. In a sustained stress analysis of a very hot piping system subject to creep, it is recommended that the user include torsion in the sustained stress calculation via this parameter in the setup file. Liberal Stress Allowable A conservative formulation of the allowable expansion stress range for many codes in CAESAR II is calculated from: SA = f ( 1.25 Sc + .25 Sh ) When the user requests that the Liberal Allowable be used, the difference between Sh and Sl, provided Sh > Sl, will be added to the term inside the parenthesis, i.e. SA(Liberal) = f[ 1.25 Sc + .25 Sh + ( Sh - Sl) ] The liberal expression will only be employed when there is at least one sustained stress case in the load set. If there is more than one sustained stress case in a single problem, then the largest of Sl, considering all of the sustained cases, for any single element end will be chosen to subtract from Sh. Because the sustained stress varies from one pipe to another, the allowable expansion stress will also vary. By default, New Job Liberal Expansion Stress Allowable is in its computation of the expansion stress allowable. (New models are created using this configuration setting.) Users not wishing to utilize this default setting for calculating the expansion can simply change the state of this check box. CAESAR II uses the liberal stress allowable setting in the configuration file All Cases Corroded A recent version of the B31.3 piping code mentioned reducing the section modulus for sustained or occasional stress calculations by the reduction in wall thickness due to corrosion. Several users have interpreted this to mean that the reduced section modulus should be used for all stress calculations, including expansion. This directive allows those users to apply this conservative interpretation of the code. Enabling All Cases Corroded causes CAESAR II to use the corroded section modulus for the calculation of all stress types. This method is recommended as conservative, and probably more realistic as corrosion can significantly affect fatigue life, i.e., expansion. Disabling this directive causes CAESAR II to strictly follow the piping code recommendations, i.e. depending on the active piping code, some load cases will consider corrosion and some will not.

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