RAYAT BAHRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN (Hsp.

ORAL PRESENTATION Topic:- Android

Submitted to: by:

Submitted

Miss Richa Sharma Kaur 1148604

Paramjeet

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and Foremost, I would like to thank my teacher who will tell us to present yourself on a latest topic in the field of computing.On the behalf of my teacher,I choose ANDROID.Android is the latest IT trend in the field of mobile computing. Android is a Linux-based mobile phone operating system developed by Google. Android is unique because Google is actively developing the platform but giving it away for free to hardware manufacturers and phone carriers who want to use Android on their devices. A modified version of Android is used in the Google TV, the Barnes & Noble Nook eReader, the Samsung Galaxy Tab, and countless other devices. Parrot makes both a digital photo frame and a car stereo system powered by modified versions of Android. Google formed a group of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies called the Open Handset Alliance with the goal of contributing to Android development. Most members also have the goal of making money from Android, either by selling phones, phone service, or mobile applications. Anyone can download the SDK (software development kit) and write applications for Android phones. Google doesn't screen developers or applications. These apps can be downloaded from the Android Market. If the app costs money, you pay for it using Google Checkout. T-Mobile also has an agreement to allow their phone customers to purchase some apps and have the fee added to their monthly phone bill. Some devices do not include support for the Android Market and may use an alternative market.

ANDROID-

Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. The Android SDK provides the tools and APIs necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language. The Android operating system is the world's best-selling Smartphone platform. Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, United States in October, 2003 by Andy Rubin . With the exception of brief update periods, Android has been available under a free software/open source license since October, 21 2008. Google published the entire source code under an Apache License. Google also keeps the reviewed issues list publicly open for anyone to see and comment. Even though the software is open-source, device manufacturers cannot use Google's Android trademark unless Google certifies that the device complies with their Compatibility Definition Document (CDD). Devices must also meet this definition to be eligible to license Google's closed-source applications, including Android Market. In September 2010, Skyhook Wireless filed a lawsuit against Google in which they alleged that Google had used the compatibility document to block Skyhook's mobile positioning service (XPS) from Motorola's Android mobile devices. In December 2010 a judge denied Skyhook's motion for preliminary injunction, saying that Google had not closed off the possibility of accepting a revised version of Skyhook's XPS service, and that Motorola had terminated their contract with Skyhook because Skyhook wanted to disable Google's location data collection

functions on Motorola's devices, which would have violated Motorola's obligations to Google and its carriers.

History:
Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, United States in October, 2003 by Andy of Rubin (co-founder of Danger) Rich Inc.), Nick Miner (co-founder Wildfire Communications,

Sears (once VP at T-Mobile) and Chris White (headed design and interface development at WebTV) to develop, in Rubin's words "...smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and preferences." Despite the obvious past accomplishments of the founders and early employees, Android Inc. operated secretively, admitting only that it was working on software for mobile phones.

Native code
Libraries written in C and other languages can be compiled to ARM native code and installed using the Android Native Development Kit. Native classes can be called from Java code running under the Dalvik VM using the System.loadLibrary call, which is part of the standard Android Java classes. Complete applications can be compiled and installed using traditional development tools. The ADB debugger gives a root shell under the Android Emulator which allows native ARM code to be uploaded and executed. ARM code can be compiled using GCC on a standard PC. Running native code is complicated by the fact that Android uses a non-standard C library (libc, known as Bionic). The underlying graphics device is available as a frame buffer at /dev/graphics/fb0. The graphics library that Android uses to arbitrate and control access to this device is called the Skia Graphics Library (SGL), and it has been released under

an open source license. Skia has backends for both win32 and UNIX, allowing the development of cross-platform applications, and it is the graphics engine underlying the Google Chrome web browser.

ANDROID FEATURES1) Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components 2) Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices 3) Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine 4) Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library; 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware acceleration optional) 5) SQLite for structured data storage 6) Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF) 7) GSM Telephony (hardware dependent) 8) Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent) 9) Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent) 10)Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the Eclipse IDE

A LIBRARY IN ANDROIDAndroid include a set of C/C++ libraries used by various components of the Android system. These capabilities are exposed to developers through the Android application framework. Some of the core libraries are listed below: 1) System C library - A BSD-derived implementation of the standard C system library (libc), tuned for embedded Linux-based devices 2) Media Libraries - Based on PacketVideo's OpenCORE; the libraries support playback and recording of many popular audio and video formats, as well as static image files, including MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, and PNG 3) Surface Manager - Manages access to the display subsystem and seamlessly composites 2D and 3D graphic layers from multiple applications 4) LibWebCore - A modern web browser engine which powers both the Android browser and an embeddable web view 5) SGL - The underlying 2D graphics engine 6) 3D libraries - An implementation based on OpenGL ES 1.0 APIs; the libraries use either hardware 3D acceleration (where available) or the included, highly optimized 3D software rasterizer 7) FreeType - Bitmap and vector font rendering 8) SQLite - A powerful and lightweight relational database engine available to all applications.

SECURITY IN ANDROIDIn March 2011, Google pulled 58 malicious apps from the Android Market, but not before the 58 apps were downloaded to around 260,000 devices. These apps were malicious applications in the Android Market which contained trojans hidden in pirated versions of legitimate apps. The malware (called DroidDream) exploited a bug which was present in versions of Android older than 2.2.2. Android device manufacturers and carriers work in tandem to distribute Android based updates and had not uniformly issued patches to their customers for the DroidDream exploit, leaving users vulnerable. Google said the exploit allowed the apps to gather device specific information, as well as personal information. The exploit also allowed the apps to download additional code that could be run on the device. Within days, Google remotely wiped the apps from infected users and rolled out an update that would negate the exploits that allowed the apps to view information. They also announced that they would be resolving the issue to ensure that events like this did not occur again. Security firms such as AVG and Symantec have released antivirus software for Android devices. In August 2010, an SMS Trojan called Trojan-SMS.AndroidOS.FakePlayer.a infected a number of mobile devices, according to security firm Kaspersky Lab. Disguised as a harmless media player application, the trojan, once installed sends out SMS text messages without the users knowledge or consent. According to Denis Maslennikov, Senior Malware Researcher at Kaspersky Lab, there's not an exact number of infected devices available at present, but the outbreak is currently regional. For now, only Russian Android users can actually lose money after installing the Trojan, but anyone can be infected. Android users were advised not to use the Android web browser until Google issues a security patch. The Android Security Team responded and developed a fix on February 5 and patched Open Source Android two days later.

CONCLUSIONThe major question arises in our mind is Is Android the Future of Mobile Computing?. Yes, in coming future, android plays a very crucial role in the field of mobile computing. Androids open nature makes it possible for hardware developers to use it for whatever new devices they can imagine. Its SDK makes it easy for application developers to create the applications users want and need. Both factors make Android a strong contender for the shape of the future of mobile computing. However, there is a danger that hardware vendors will customize Android to the extent that the platform becomes fragmented. If this happens, it will be harder for application developers to write for Android and this could endanger its lead position as the future of mobile computing. The biggest danger to Androids dominance over the future of mobile computing is fragmentation. The ability of hardware vendors to extend Android without contributing their changes back to the Android project could lead to various incompatible versions of Android. To some extent, this has already happened as developers have had to struggle some to make their applications to support different hardware capabilities. This fragmentation of Android would make it harder for application developers to write code for Android. Since the support of application developers is crucial to the success of any computing platform, fragmentation could be a serious threat to Android as the future of mobile computing. Google in the coming future is introducing voice and video chat for Android Smartphones and tablets. This was mentioned in a report published in the official blog of the company. Functions of voice and video chat come with the mobile application Google Talk. Thus, the owners of android smartphones will be able to talk among themselves and even with users who have the respective GTalk client integrated in their Gmail account on PC computers. One can make these calls using 3G and 4G networks, and over Wi-Fi wireless networks. In order to make the video call, it would just be enough to click the video camera icon, located on the right side of the screen next to Google Talk username.