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BERNOULLIS EQUATION
Bernoullis equation is the energy equation for an ideal fluid (friction and energy losses assumed negligible). Bernoullis equation may, however, be used with satisfactory accuracy in many engineering problems and has the advantage of providing valuable insight about energy conditions in fluid flow
BERNOULLIS EQUATION
p + V 2 + z = H = const .
Quantity H P/w Z V2/(2g) Name Energy head Pressure head Elevation head Velocity head Measure of Total energy Pressure energy Potential energy Kinetic energy
2g
Bernoullis equation is a useful relationship between pressure p, velocity V, and geometric height z, above a reference plane (datum). H: energy head (m) z: elevation head above datum (m) V: velocity (m/s) g: gravity acceleration (m/s2) p: pressure (Pa) w: weight density for the flowing fluid (N/m3)
+ z = piezometric head or
Tryckniv
p/w
C12 If crude oil flows through this pipeline and its velocity at A is 2.4 m/s, where is the oil level in the open tube C?
2
Eqn, 4.26: = (v3dA)/V3A
2g
Some values of (table 4.2 text book): =2 (laminar pipe flow) 1.06 (turbulent pipe flow) 1.05 (turbulent flow in wide channel)
WHY THE ENERGY CORRECTION COEFFICIENT (MOMENTUM COEFFICIENT ) OFTEN MAY BE OMITTED
1) Most engineering pipe flow problems involve turbulent flow in which is only slightly more than unity. 2) In laminar flow where is large, velocity heads are usually negligible when compared to the other Bernoulli terms 3) The velocity heads in most pipe flows are usually so small compared to the other terms that inclusion of has little effect 4) The effect of tends to cancel since it appears on both sides of the equation 5) Engineering answers are not usually required to an accuracy which would justify the inclusion of in the equation.
C14* Water is flowing. The flow picture is axisymmetric. Calculate the flowrate and manometer reading.
2 3
C23* Channel and gate are 1 m wide (normal to the plane of the paper). Calculate q1, q2, and Q3.
1