Ministry of Education of Republic of Moldova Technical University of Moldova Radioelectronics and Telecommunications Faculty English Chair

REPORT
Theme: Computers Nowadays

Made by:

Baranov Elena
student of TLC 072 group Verified by :

urcanu Viorica University lecturer

Chisinau !!"

Computers Nowadays
Computer, machine that performs tasks, such as mathematical calculations or electronic communication, under the control of a set of instructions called a program. Programs usually reside within the computer and are retrieved and processed by the computers electronics, and the program results are stored or routed to output devices, such as video display monitors or printers. Computers are used to perform a wide variety of activities with reliability, accuracy, and speed. People use computers in a wide variety of ways. In homes, tiny computers embedded in the electronic circuitry of most appliances control the indoor temperature, operate home security systems, tell the time, and turn videocassette recorders on and off. Computers in automobiles regulate the flow of fuel, thereby increasing gas mileage. Computers also entertain, creating digitized sound on stereo systems or computer-animated features from a digitally encoded laser disc. Computer programs, or applications, e ist to aid every level of education, from programs that teach simple addition or sentence construction to programs that teach advanced calculus. Computers are used e tensively in scientific research to solve mathematical problems, display complicated data, or model systems that are too costly or impractical to build, such as testing the air flow around the ne t generation of space shuttles. !he military employs computers in sophisticated communications to encode and unscramble messages, and to keep track of personnel and supplies "ince the first computer was made in the late fifties, the technology has developed e tremely. Computers which took the place of a living-room then, are now being made in creditcard-formats. #ore and more areas are being taken over by the computer. $s computers are capable of handling large amounts of data in a very short time, they are well suited for wordprocessing. I guess that it wont be long till all the paper-archives are replaced by magnetic tapes and diskettes. $ diskette can contain much more data than a written page, and it takes less place It is possible to get the %orwegian telephone book on

&ust one diskette. In near future, a new area will be taken over by computers, namely maps. 'ifferent routes are stored on one single compact-disk. Imagine, simply insert the C' into the C'-driver in your car, and tell the computer where to go. !he rest will be done automatically. !his will be a safer, faster, and more comfortable way to travel. $nother new area, called (virtual reality( is currently being tested. !his is a way to simulate reality on a monitor. In order to feel this so-called reality you have to wear special electronic glasses and an electronic suit. )astened to the suit are sensors, which send information to the main computer. !his computer works with the data and displays them on the electronic spectacles. !his is a techni*ue which use three-dimentional views, therefore the scenery seems incredibly realistic. If you want to be a bo er, simply change the scenery on the main computer, and you are in the ring. !oday, many kids have got video games. +ou could say these games are the presents answer to ludo and monopoly. In a way, it is a great advantage that the kids are being presented to computers at an early age, because they will definitely have to use them later, when they start to work. In the future there will be few occupations which wont use computors, one way or another. ,ut the videogames are often being presented as something negative, which hinder the kids from doing homework and other more useful activities. !his partially true, if they do much of it. ,ut generally, I think the young peoples contact with computers is positive. In %orway today, it is getting more common to have a computer at home. +ou can use a personal computer to keep household-budgets or other economics. It is also possible to get in touch with your bank and transwer money while youre in your sitting-room. It is possible to contact other databases and gather information from them. !he use of computers has lead to other criminal actions. (-acking( is one of them. $ (hacker( steals and manipulates information from other databases. !hese crimes can be very harmful. In !he ."$, hackers have managed to break into %$"$s database.

!he computer-programmes, the software, are e tremely high priced, sometimes they are even more e pensive than the hardware. !herefore it is not unusual to make copies of these programmes. !his is strictly illegal, but nobody seems to care, because it is difficult to control it. "oftware producers loose ,I//I0%" of dollars each year because of this. #any methods have been invented to prevent this, but since the (hackers( often are more intelligent than those who make the software, I doubt that there will ever be a successfull way to hinder this.

Computing professions and disciplines In the developed world, virtually every profession makes use of computers. -owever, certain professional and academic disciplines have evolved that specialize in techni*ues to construct, program, and use computers. !erminology for different professional disciplines is still somewhat fluid and new fields emerge from time to time1 however, some of the ma&or groupings are as follows1

Computer engineering is the branch of electrical engineering that focuses both on hardware and software design, and the interaction between the two. Computer science is an academic study of the processes related to computation, such as developing efficient algorithms to perform specific tasks. It tackles *uestions as to whether problems can be solved at all using a computer, how efficiently they can be solved, and how to construct efficient programs to compute solutions. $ huge array of specialties has developed within computer science to investigate different classes of problems.

"oftware engineering concentrates on methodologies and practices to allow the development of reliable software systems while minimizing, and reliably estimating, costs and timelines.

Information systems concentrates on the use and deployment of computer systems in a wider organizational 2usually business3 conte t. #any disciplines have developed at the intersection of computers with other professions4 one of many e amples is e perts in geographical information systems who apply computer technology to problems of managing geographical information.

!here are two ma&or professional societies dedicated to computers, the $ssociation for Computing #achinery and I555 Computer "ociety.

Summary:
%owadays, the world is full of new inventions, different technologies that make our lives more interesting, dynamic and easier. Computer is the child of 67 th centurys sensations. #any people are convinced that computer isnt very important and necessary for people, but they are for away from reality. )irst of all computer replaces the man or lightens a lot the mans work in many economical branches. $ lot of companies and factories are e*uipped with computers that are provided with the corresponding soft ware, so their &ob is done more *uickly and efficiently. $nother 8step of computers that saves out spare time is the Internet access. If you need some information its enough &ust to click a link and the material that you are searching for will appear immediately. Computer has also a big importance for the international relations. !hanks to Internet it is possible the connection and communication between people from different parts of the world. %ow people learn and compare information possibilities in ordinary libraries with the ones which use electronic facilities. !here is a well know, saying that 6 heads are better than one. !his means that 6 ways of thinking about an idea are better &ust one way.

Dictionary:
perform - a e ecuta, a efectua embedded - a 9ncastra, a zidi handle : a m9nui, a controla, a manipula data - date storage - acumulare,memorare simulate - a simula

display - afi;are,e punere database - baz< de date machine - ma;in<, aparat automatizat

Bibliography:
1. # Phillips, Tony (2000). The Antikythera Mechanism I. American Mathematical Society. URL accessed on 2006-04-05. 2. # (Unknown). isi!le Stora"e. com#$terhistory.or". URL accessed on 2006-04-05. 3. # Shannon, Clau e !lwoo (1"#0). $ sy%&olic analysis o' relay an switchin( circuits. )assachusetts *nstitute o' Technolo(y+ Thesis ().S.) #. # Unknown (Unknown). ,htt#%&&'''.sand#ile.or"&ia(2&o#c)*.htm IA-(2 architect$re one !yte o#codes+. sand#ile.or". URL accessed on 2006-04-0,. -. # The last o' the 'irst + CS*.$C + $ustralia/s 'irst co%puter, 0ou( )cCann an Peter Thorne, *S12 033#0202##. 4. # Thon, 5aral an T6pel, 1ert (7anuary 14, 2004). -ill .ore /$o 0ote!ooks Trade 1attery Li2e 3or 4$icker Res#onse5. Tom6s 7ard'are. URL accessed on 2006-04-0,. 3. # 8e%os, .o&ert ()arch 23, 200-). Mo8illa 2i9es risky 3ire2o9 2la'. .0:T 0e's.com. URL accessed on 2006-04-05. 9. # *1) 0ata Processin( 0ivision ($pril 3, 1"4#). System&(60 Anno$ncement. Press release. ". # .an all -th, $le:an er (;e&ruary 1#, 2004). 4;A% A lost inter<ie' 'ith :0IA. co-in<entor =. >res#er :ckert. .om#$ter'orld. URL accessed on 2006-04-05. 10. # (Unknown). .lassical S$#er & R$na'ay S$#er. ?lo!alsec$rity.or". URL accessed on 2006-04-05. 11. # The last o' the 'irst + CS*.$C + $ustralia/s 'irst co%puter, 0ou( )cCann an Peter Thorne, *S12 033#0202##. 12. # 1rown, $le:an er ($u(ust 22, 2002). Inte"rated .irc$its in the A#ollo ?$idance .om#$ter. URL accessed on 2006-04-05. 13. # (Unknown). Technolo"ical Inno<ation and the I.1M. Smithsonian Instit$tion. URL accessed on 2006-04-05. 1#. # ($pril 3, 2004). 0orth America Internet Usa"e Stats. Internet -orld Stats. URL accessed on 200604-05.

Links Used:

http1==en.wikipedia.org=wiki=Computer http1==www.essayworld.com=essays=computer=>?@.shtml http1==www.referat.ro