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MECHANICAL SCIECES
ME 101 : MECHANICAL SCIENCES
CONTACT : 3L+ 1T = 4
CREDIT : 4
LECTURE 1
FRICTION
2. LAWS OF FRICTION
The total friction that can be developed is independent
of the magnitude of the area of contact.
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
CONCEPT OF STRESS AND STRAIN
1. Force per unit area is known as stress. The stress may be tensile,
compressive, shear or internal pressure.
3. When a bar is subjected to a force P normal to the surface then the stress
produced is called normal stress.
The force parallel to the cross section of bar is shear force and the stress
produced is called shear stress.
LECTURE 3
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
1. Elasticity is the property by which a body returns to its original shape after the
removal of external load is called elasticity. Plasticity is a term meant opposite to
elasticity.
HOOKES LAW
Hooke’s law states that stress is directly proportional to strain up to the elastic limit.
3. Definition of Poisson’s Ratio: The ratio of lateral strain to the longitudinal strain
is a constant quantity and is called the Poisson’s ratio and is denoted by 1/m.
(b) Elastic limit is the limiting value of stress up to which stress is proportional to
strain.
(c) Upper yield point is the stress at which, the load starts reducing and the extention
increases.
(d) Lower yield point is the point at which the stress remains same but strain
increases for some time.
(e) Ultimate stress: It is the maximum stress the material can resist. At this stage
cross –sectional area at a particular section starts reducing very fast. This is called
neck formation.
(f) Breaking point: The stress at which finally the specimen fails is called the
breaking point.
LECTURE 4
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
COMPOUND BARS
Bars having components of different materials are known as compound bars or composite
bars . A compound bar consisting of two or more components , when loaded , shall have
same strain for different components , and stresses in different components shall be
proportional to their respective moduli of elasticity. The sum of loads carried by different
components will expand shall be equal to the applied load.
A compound bar consisting of components made of different materials when subjected to
a rise in temperature, shall develop different stresses in different components depending
upon the co- efficient of thermal expansion of different components . The bar having
higher thermal co- efficient of expansion will expand more and shall try to pull the bar
having lower co- efficient of thermal expansion thereby causing tensile stresses in it and
compressive stresses in itself.
LECTURE 5
(i) The term centre of gravity applies to the bodies with mass and weight, and
centroid applies to plan areas.
(ii) Centre of gravity of a body is a point through which the resultant gravitational
force (weight) acts for any orientation of the body whereas centroid is a point
in a plane area such that the moment of area about any axis through that point
is zero.
Centroid of an area lies on the axis of symmetry if it exists. This is useful theorem to
locate the centroid of an area. Making use of the symmetry we can conclude that
For Simple figures like triangle and semicircle , we can write general expression for
the elemental area and its distance from an axis .
The location of the centroid using the above equations may be considered as finding
centroid from first principles. Now, we can find out the centroid of the following
figures ,
So far, the discussions was confined to locating the centroid of simple figures like
rectangle , triangle, circle ,semicircle, etc. In engineering practice , use of sections
which are built up of many simple sections is very common. Such sections may be
called as built –up sections or composite sections.In order to find out the centroid of
each composite sction ,the given composite section can be split into suitable simple
figures and then the centroid of each simple figure can be found by inspection or
using the standard formulae.
LECTURE 6
MOMENT OF INERTIA
2. The moment of inertia is a purely mathematicl term . The moment of inertia is a fourth
dimensional term since it is a term obtained by multiplying area by the square of the
distance.Hence, in SI units , if meter (m) is the unit for linear measurements used then m
is the unit of moment of inertia.
3. POLR MOMENT OF INERTIA
Moment of inertia about an axis is perpendicular to the plane of an area is known as polar
moment of inertia.It may be denoted as J .
4. RADIUS OF GYRATION
Radius of gyration is a mathematical term defined by the relation
K = I/A
Where K = radius of gyration
I = moment of inertia
And A = the cross – sectional area.
The moment of inertia of an area about an axis perpendicular to its plane (polar
moment of inertia) at any point O is equal to the sum of moments of inertia about any
two mutually perpendicular axis through the same point O and lying in the plane of
the area.
Moment of inertia about any axis in the plane of an area is equal to the sum of
moment of inertia about a parallel centroidal axis and the product of area and square
of the distance between the two parallel axes.
LECTURE 7
MOMENT OF INERTIA
1.For simple figures , moment of inertia can be obtained by writing down the general
expression for an element and then carrying out integration so as to cover the entire .
This procedure is illustrated with the following three cases
Beams and columns having composite sections are commonly used in structures
.Moment of inertia of these sections about an axis can be found by the following
2. Moment of inertia of a rectangle about the centroidal axis : consider a rectangle
steps: