The Aspen Idea Winter 2013/2014

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THE
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WINTER 2013/2014
ACTION
FORUM
Plus: THE NEW GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE:
Building the future in education, security, the arts, immigration, science, technology, and more
The First Annual
Best and brightest,
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42 TAKE ACTI ON
Leadership takes the spotlight as Fellows from
all over the globe present projects and initiatives
designed to better the world at the first annual
Aspen Action Forum.
56 SECURI NG THE FUTURE
The fourth annual Aspen Security Forum zeroes in
on homeland security and counterterrorism efforts
in the wake of the Edward Snowden scandal and
the Boston Marathon bombing.
62 WHAT S THE BI G I DEA?
The 2013 Aspen Ideas Festival the Institutes
largest gathering of thinkers and doers brings
together some of the worlds greatest innovators to
highlight the most pressing issues of the day.
76 THE ALLI ANCE FOR ARTI SAN
ENTERPRI SE CRAFTS
A GLOBAL PLAN
Support for the artisan industry the second largest
driver of developing economies can be the key to
changing womens lives around the world.
80 TWO GENERATI ONS,
ONE FUTURE: EXPLORI NG THE
GATEWAY OF EARLY CHI LDHOOD
Anne Mosle and Nisha Patel of the Institutes
Ascend program explore the implications of the
American dream on the modern low-income family.
84 SUSTAI NI NG THE PI VOT TO ASI A
Former Director and current member of the
Aspen Strategy Group Kurt M. Campbell questions
whether there is a need to adjust American foreign
policy in the Middle East and South Asia in the
midst of turmoil and transition.
90 I NDI VI DUAL LI BERTI ES
Former Massachusetts Supreme Court Justice
Margaret Marshall and United States Supreme
Court Justice Stephen Breyer delve into the subject
of US constitutional rights and states rights in light
of gay marriage, national security, and affirmative
action reforms.
94 EDUCATI ON I S POWER
Salman Khan, founder of the groundbreaking
online tutorial database KhanAcademy.org, talks
about the role and future of technology in
domestic and global education.
THE CONVERSATION FEATURES
CONTENTS
HENRY CROWN FELLOW NIKE IRVIN OFFERS HER ACTION PLEDGE AT THE
FIRST ANNUAL ASPEN ACTION FORUM. PHOTOGRAPHY BY DANIEL BAYER
ON THE COVER
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CONTENTS
10 AROUND THE INSTITUTE
Rodel Fellows Anthony Foxx and Thomas Prez join the cabinet; the
Aspen Institute Japan honors its legacy; and the latest in documentaries
and author events.
28 LEADING VOICES
The McCloskey Speaker Series and the Hurst Lecture Series feature
some of the brightest minds in education, economics, and policy,
including former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Google
Executive Chairman Eric Schmidt, and Sen. John McCain.
32 SOCIETY OF FELLOWS
Look back on a summer of introspection and conversation touching on
music, civil rights, technology, and diplomacy.
34 SEMINARS
International art museum directors discuss what it means to be a
cultural destination in an evolving global society.
36 SOCRATES
The New York Times David Leonhardt takes on the topic of the
generation gap in voting patterns; Google Ideas Director Jared Cohen
discusses the role technology can play in diplomacy.
38 IDEAS IN ACTION
The Franklin Project hosts the 21st Century National Service
Summit and secures several major pledges to expand opportunities
for public service.
40 IDEAS IN ACTION
The Institutes Planning and Evaluation Program enables one of the
highest-rated television networks in the country to realize its vision of
college readiness in the Hispanic community.
97 INTERNATIONAL ASPEN
Get to know Aspen Institute Espaa, Institut Aspen France, Aspen
Institute Italia, Aspen Institute Prague, Aspen Institute Germany,
Institutul Aspen Romania, the Aspen Institute Japan, and Aspen
Institute India.
100 FACES
Take a behind-the-scenes look at Institute events in New York, DC,
and Aspen.
105 FACTS
Who we are and what we do.
110 CONTACT US
112 RETROSPECTIVE PERSPECTIVE
The 60-year-old Aspen Seminar shows it is still relevant today.
DEPARTMENTS
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Wi n t e r 2 0 1 3 / 2 0 1 4 6 T HE AS P EN I DEA
Aspen
I DE A
THE
The Aspen Idea would like to thank our friends at SoftScribe
for their fast, accurate, and detailed transcriptions.
Walter Isaacson
President and
Chief Executive Officer
Board of Trustees Chairman: Robert K. Steel
Board of Trustees: Madeleine K. Albright, Paul F. Anderson, Mercedes T. Bass, Richard S. Braddock, Beth A. Brooke, Melva Bucksbaum,
William D. Budinger, Stephen L. Carter, Cesar Conde, James S. Crown, Andrea Cunningham, John Doerr, Thelma Duggin, Sylvia A. Earle,
Michael D. Eisner, Brooks Entwistle, Alan Fletcher, Corinne Flick, Henrietta Holsman Fore, Ann B. Friedman, Henry Louis Gates, Jr.,
Mircea Geoana, David Gergen, Gerald Greenwald, Patrick W. Gross, Arjun Gupta, Jane Harman, Hayne Hipp, Gerald D. Hosier, Ann Frasher Hudson,
Robert J. Hurst, Michael Klein, Yotaro Kobayashi, David H. Koch, Timothy K. Krauskopf, Leonard A. Lauder, Frederic V. Malek, James M. Manyika,
William E. Mayer, Bonnie Palmer McCloskey, David McCormick, Anne Welsh McNulty, Diane Morris, Karlheinz Muhr, Clare Muana, Jerry Murdock,
Marc Nathanson, William A. Nitze, Her Majesty Queen Noor, Jacqueline Novogratz, Olara A. Otunnu, Elaine Pagels, Charles Powell, Michael K. Powell,
Margot L. Pritzker, Peter A. Reiling, Lynda Resnick, Condoleezza Rice, James Rogers, Isaac O. Shongwe, Anna Deavere Smith, Michelle Smith,
Javier Solana, Gautam Thapar, Shashi Tharoor,* Laurie Tisch, Giulio Tremonti, Roderick K. von Lipsey, Vin Weber, Michael Zantovsky
*On Leave of Absence
Lifetime Trustees Co-Chairmen: Berl Bernhard, James C. Calaway
Lifetime Trustees: Prince Bandar Bin Sultan, Keith Berwick, John Brademas, William T. Coleman, Jr., Lester Crown, Tarun Das,
William L. Davis, Alfred Dietsch, William H. Donaldson, James L. Ferguson, Richard N. Gardner, Alma L. Gildenhorn, Jacqueline Grapin,
Irvine O. Hockaday, Jr., Nina Rodale Houghton, Jrme Huret, William N. Joy, Henry A. Kissinger, Ann McLaughlin Korologos, Robert H. Malott,
Olivier Mellerio, Eleanor Merrill, Elinor Bunin Munroe, Sandra Day OConnor, Hisashi Owada, John J. Phelan, Jr., Thomas R. Pickering,
Warren B. Rudman, Jay Sandrich, Lloyd G. Schermer, Carlo Scognamiglio, Albert H. Small, Andrew L. Stern, Paul A. Volcker, Leslie H. Wexner,
Frederick B. Whittemore, Alice Young
Editor-in-Chief: Jamie Miller Editor-at-Large: Karen Sommer Shalett
Publisher: Jennifer Myers Senior Editor: Jean Morra Assistant Editor: Mary Cappabianca
Editorial Assistant: Sarai Johnson Art Director: Glenn Pierce Design Consultant: Kissane Viola Design
Project Manager: Connie Otto Senior Production Artist: Brenda Waugh
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General: The Aspen Institute, One Dupont Circle NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036, (202) 736-5800, www.aspeninstitute.org
Cindy Buniski
Vice President,
Administration; Executive Director,
Aspen Wye Campus
Dolores Gorgone
Vice President,
Human Resources and Administration;
Chief Financial Officer
James M. Spiegelman
Vice President,
Chief External Affairs Officer;
Deputy to the President
Elliot F. Gerson
Executive Vice President,
Policy and Public Programs;
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Development and Operations;
Corporate Secretary
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Leadership and Seminar Programs;
Executive Director, Henry Crown
Fellowship Program
Susan Sherwin
External Relations
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What Is The Aspen Institute?
The Aspen Institute is an educational and policy studies
organization based in Washington, DC. Its mission is to
foster leadership based on enduring values and to provide
a nonpartisan venue for dealing with critical issues. The
Institute has campuses in Aspen, Colorado, and on the
Wye River on Marylands Eastern Shore. It also maintains
offices in New York City and has an international network
of partners..
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choose light over darkness, love over hate, kindness not meanness, hope not despair, goodness not evil,
understanding not fear, peace not war, honesty not deceit, spirituality not materialism, life not death, joy
not sadness, acceptance not rejection, substance not form, choose to live, choose to give, light over
darkness, love over hate, kindness not meanness, hope not despair, goodness not evil, understanding not fear,
peace not war, honesty not deceit, spirituality not materialism, life not death, joy not sadness, acceptance
not rejection, substance not form, choose to live, choose to give, light over darkness, love over hate,
kindness not meanness, hope not despair, goodness not evil, understanding not fear, peace not war, honesty
not deceit, spirituality not materialism, life not death, joy not sadness, acceptance not rejection, substance
not form, choose to live, choose to give, light over darkness, love over hate, kindness not meanness, hope
not despair, goodness not evil, understanding not fear, peace not war, honesty not deceit, spirituality not
materialism, joy not sadness, choose to live, choose to give...
616 Eas t Hy man Av enue P. O. Box 1639 As pen, Col or ado 81612 970. 544. 1298 as penv al l ey f ounda t i on. or g
M a k e R o o m i n Y o u r L i f e f o r G i v i n g . . . E v e r y D a y .
YOURCHOICE
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AROUND THE INSTITUTE
Recognizing her career amplifying authentic American voices, President Obama awarded
Anna Deavere Smith, actress, playwright, Institute Trustee, and ADS Works program director, a
2012 National Humanities Medal in July 2013. As a playwright, Deavere Smith has created more
than 15 one-person shows depicting a diversity of American backgrounds. A former Harman-
Eisner artist-in-residence, Trustee, and now an Institute policy program director, Anna embodies
the ethos of turning thought into action, said Institute President and CEO Walter Isaacson. We
couldnt be more proud that her commitment to using the stage for public introspection and
social change has been honored as the gift to the country that it is. The 1996 MacArthur Fellow
also won the famed Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize this year. Her newly founded Institute policy
program will bring together artists, thinkers, and activists to embrace social issues of the day
through artistic expression.
President Obama Honors Anna Deavere Smith
TRUSTEE AND ADS WORKS DIRECTOR ANNA DEAVERE SMITH RECEIVES THE NATIONAL HUMANITIES MEDAL FROM PRESIDENT OBAMA.
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On Oct. 16, Cory Booker became the first Henry
Crown Fellow to ascend to the US Senate when he
was elected in a special election to fulfill the late New
Jersey Sen. Frank Lautenbergs term. A member of the
Fellowships Class of 2003, Booker was not yet mayor
of Newark when he was nominated to the Aspen
Global Leadership Network program, which identifies
entrepreneurial leaders in the public and private sec-
tor, providing them with tools to rise from success to
significance. He will join Aspen Institute-Rodel Fellow
Marco Rubio (Class of 2007) and Aspen-Pahara Fellow
Michael Bennet (Class of 2007) in an elite group of US
Senators nurtured by the AGLNs unique methodol-
ogy and growing cohort of business, civil society, and
government leaders.
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The lengthy list of Aspen Institute-Rodel Fellows serv-
ing the country in a national capacity grew this sum-
mer when President Obama selected two Fellows
to join his cabinet. Former Mayor of Charlotte, North
Carolina, Anthony Foxx (Class of 2011) was sworn in
as US transportation secretary on July 2. Two months
later, Thomas Prez was sworn in as US labor secretary.
In the inaugural class of the Fellowship in 2005, Prez
previously served as assistant attorney general for the
Department of Justices Civil Rights Division, though
he was nominated for the program during his term as
Marylands Montgomery County Council president. The
Aspen Institute-Rodel Fellowship identifies and brings
together the nations most promising young political
leaders to enhance the countrys democratic discourse
and to help its brightest young leaders achieve their
fullest potential in public service. Other Rodel alumni
include governors, seven members of Congress, and an
assistant US attorney general. Nominate a candidate
holding elective public office at any level of American
government for the next class of Aspen Institute-Rodel
Fellows at www.aspeninstitute.org/rodel.
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ASPEN INSTITUTE-RODEL FELLOWS ANTHONY
FOXX AND THOMAS PREZ RECENTLY JOINED
THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATIONS CABINET.
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Henry Crown Fellow
Wins US Senate Seat
Aspen Fellows Join Cabinet
BOOKER IS FIRST US SENATOR FROM THE HENRY CROWN FELLOWSHIP.
To watch videos found
in this section, go to
www.aspeninstitute.org/video.
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Thanks to Jack Markells leadership and
Leo Strines tenacity in stewarding a
lengthy process in Delaware, a Henry
Crown project run by three Henry Crown
Fellows has reached its most important
milestone to date. Andrew Kassoy
ASPEN GLOBAL LEADERSHIP NETWORK
As a result of the efforts of five of the Institutes
Henry Crown Fellows, Delaware recently became
the 19th state to enact legislation for benefit corpo-
rations companies classified as meeting higher
standards of corporate purpose, accountability,
and transparency. As home to 1 million businesses,
including 50 percent of all publicly traded compa-
nies and 64 percent of all Fortune 500s, Delaware
is an important state for businesses seeking access
to venture capital, private equity, and public capi-
tal markets. Henry Crown Fellows Andrew Kassoy
(Class of 2001), Jay Coen Gilbert (Class of 2004),
and Bart Houlahan (Class of 2011) created B Lab
as their Fellowship program project. The nonprofit
Fellows Score Victory for Benefit Corporations
HENRY CROWN FELLOW AND DELAWARE GOV. JACK MARKELL SIGNS BENEFIT CORPORATIONS LEGISLATION INTO LAW.
advocates for legislation and legal protections for
companies that aim to make decisions that are in
the best interests of both society and their bottom
line. The group also helps these global businesses
attract the customers, talent, and capital needed
to grow. Delaware Court of Chancery Chancellor
and Henry Crown Fellow Leo Strine Jr. (Class of 2006)
and Gov. of Delaware and Henry Crown Fellow Jack
Markell (Class of 2004) lobbied for the legislation,
and ultimately, Markell signed it into law. Thanks to
Jacks leadership and Leos tenacity in stewarding a
lengthy process in Delaware, said Kassoy, a Henry
Crown project run by three Henry Crown Fellows has
reached its most important milestone to date.
12 T HE AS P EN I DEA
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The Future of Mobility is clean
smart
connected
intuitive
and very
very cool
Turning good ideas into great things.
toyota.com/letsgoplaces
2013
Wi n t e r 2 0 1 3 / 2 0 1 4
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AROUND THE INSTITUTE ASPEN GLOBAL LEADERSHIP NETWORK
Two Aspen Global Leadership Network Fellows have recently launched
the 4Afrika Scholarship program, a partnership between Microsoft
and the University of the People. It will cover all processing fees for
1,000 African students seeking an associate degree from the worlds first
tuition-free, nonprofit online academic institution. After meeting at a
Network seminar last year, Israel-based Middle East Leadership Initiative
Fellow and University of the People Vice President Yoav Ventura and
Africa Leadership Initiative/South Africa Fellow and former Microsoft
South Africa COO Heather Third realized they both wanted to use edu-
cation and technology to make an impact on African students. The
program gives access to a university-level education, mentorship, train-
ing, and employment opportunities for a multitude of individuals from
across the African continent who otherwise wouldnt have been able to
seek higher education. D
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Institute Trustee Margot Pritzker and her husband, Tom,
have recently pledged $3 million as a matching gift to build
upon an endowment supporting a rapidly growing com-
munity of Aspen Global Leadership Network Fellows, all of
whom are engaged in social-impact projects with tangible
benefits to society. This exceptional gift doubles their earlier
commitment of $3 million made to the programs endow-
ment. The Pritzkers have hosted gatherings for Fellows and
moderators, attended alumni seminars, organized strategic
planning retreats, and mentored Fellows around the world.
It is impossible to imagine more intentional, generous sup-
porters for the Aspen Global Leadership Network, said
Institute President and CEO Walter Isaacson. Margot and
Tom have literally changed the pace and face of our
work forever. As chair of the Leadership Initiatives Commit-
tee of the Board of Trustees, Margot has devoted countless
hours to advising Executive Vice President of Leadership
and Seminar Programs Peter Reiling as he and his team
developed the program to its current constellation of 14
initiatives with nearly 1,700 Fellows in 46 countries around
the world. The network expanded to the Middle East and
China, among others, under her watch and added initia-
tives specifically designed to engage education entrepre-
neurs and teacher leaders. Fellows are doers who see their
leadership journey as just beginning, Margot explained,
adding that being part of a global network gives them
strength and reach, far beyond what they could envision
alone. Along with Institute Chairman Emeritus Bill Mayer,
Margot also serves as co-chair of the Institutes Scholars &
Scholarships Campaign, which places the Aspen Global
Leadership Network as its highest funding priority. This gift
helped vault the campaign beyond the $50 million mark
and well toward its goal of $75 million.
Microsoft Joins Fellows to Launch Program in Africa
Pritzkers Gift Totals $6 Million
MARGOT AND TOM PRITZKER PLEDGE A $6 MILLION GIFT.
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AROUND THE INSTITUTE READING ROOM
Book
Mission in a Bottle: The
Honest Guide to Doing
Business Differently and
Succeeding
(Crown Business)
Forty Chances:
Finding Hope in
a Hungry World
(Simon & Schuster)
The Accidental Victim: JFK,
Lee Harvey Oswald, and
the Real Target in Dallas
(Zola Books)
Author
Seth Goldman and
Barry Nalebuff
Howard G. Buffett with
Howard W. Buffett
James Reston Jr.
About
the
Author
President and CEO
of Honest Tea
Philanthropist, farmer,
businessman, and executive
director of Howard G. Buffett
Foundation, and his 29-year-old
son, an advocate
Author, journalist,
and senior scholar at
the Woodrow Wilson
International Center for
Scholars
About
the Book
A graphic treatment of a
story portraying Goldman
redefining success as a
mission-driven innovator
Forty Chances follows
Buffetts mission to ensure
food security around the
world, using $3 billion in
40 years.
Reston theorizes that
President Kennedy was
not the actual target in his
shooting 50 years ago.
Insights
and
Ideas
When Coke invested, we
were buying about 800,000
lbs. of organic ingredients
and this year well buy over
5 million lbs. of organic
ingredients. So, were really
starting to drive change
both in the American diet
and in the countries we
source from.
Embracing the 40
Chances mindset means
that we must get outside of
our comfort zones, that we
have to break down
barriers set up by others,
and that we cannot
always accept the status
quo when its simply not
working.
With such barely formed
ideas, such grandiosity,
such determined
independence, Oswald
was scarcely a good
prospect to be recruited
as an assassin by a foreign
state or by the Mafia.
This fall, the Alma and Joseph Gildenhorn Book Series continued to bring top
authors to the Institutes Washington, DC, office. From an entrepreneur sharing
the secrets of sweet (-tea) success to a journalist offering a new perspective on
the JFK assassination, heres who dropped in this season.
By the Book
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THE ARTS
From economic inequality and womens rights in the
workplace to the environmental effects of hydraulic
fracturing and dedicating ones life to aiding the dis-
advantaged, this seasons crop of NEW VIEWS Docu-
mentaries & Dialogues stimulated discussions on a vari-
ety of pressing current issues. With generous support
from Leonard Lauder and Jane and Michael Eisner,
the Institute and nonprofit Aspen Film brought four
award-winning and thought-provoking documentaries
and several related special guests to panel discussions
at the Aspen Meadows campus in 2013.
I cant take any of them out of the situation, but I
can put myself into it. Blood Brother subject Rocky
Anna explained his decision to move to India and
restart his life caring for children living at an orphanage
for those whose families were affected by HIV.
The number of [sexual harassment] complaints in
the next year doubled. All women needed to know
was that they had rights, and they were willing to put
their lives on hold in many cases to come forward with
that complaint. We need to continue to provide
safe environments for people to come forward and
hold women and men in these situations to the same
standard. Law professor and Anita subject Anita Hill
reflected on the repercussions of her testimony at the
US Supreme Court confirmation hearing for Clarence
Thomas during a panel in the Paepcke auditorium.
The most pro-business thing you can do is help the
middle class thrive. Economist, professor, and
Inequality for All subject Robert Reich spoke from the
Ann W. Richards stage on the complex issue of income
inequality, asking the audience to consider what we
owe one another as members of the same society.
Sometimes you cant figure out whats going on in
your own backyard without figuring out all the places
your backyard is connected to. Gasland Part II
Director Josh Fox investigated the issues surrounding
the oil and gas industry by highlighting the stories of
the families, corporations, and politics involved.
NEW VIEWS: Documentaries Change Perspectives
This year marks the 500th anniversary of Niccol Machiavellis
classic infamous work, The Prince, which continues to be one of
the most provocative and controversial readings of the Aspen
Seminar on leadership, values, and the good society. (For more
on the Aspen Seminar, see page 112.)
500
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AROUND THE INSTITUTE THE ARTS
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The Aspen Institute Arts Program, under the direction of Damian Woetzel,
and New York Citys Public Theater co-presented a public forum at the
crossroads of theater and ethics. What Are We Worth? Shakespeare,
Money and Morals featured a host of stellar talent including Vanessa
Redgrave, Alan Alda, Matt Damon, Jesse L. Martin, Christine Baranski,
Marsha Stephanie Blake, Ral Esparza, Hamish Linklater, Lily Rabe, and
Gloria Reuben delivering scenes and monologues on worth, value, and
commodity from Shakespeares canonical texts. Following performances
plucked from King John, The Tempest, and The Merchant of Venice,
renowned political philosopher, author, and Harvard professor Michael
Sandel called on members of the audience for a town hall-style debate
on ethics and the effect of money on our lives today. The audience of
1,500 at Central Parks Delacorte Theater weighed in on a series of moral
quandaries, from the ethics of selling human kidneys to incentivizing chil-
dren to read with cash rewards. Before the night ended, Damon
Sandels former student at Harvard returned to the stage for a one-on-
one debate with Sandel, allowing the actor to relive what he called every
Harvard students recurring dream-slash-nightmare.
Star-Studded Cast Debates
Institute-Style
CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: ACTORS ALAN ALDA AND GLORIA REUBEN JOINED HARVARD PROFESSOR MICHAEL SANDEL
AND MATT DAMON AT A DEBATE OF MONEY AND MORALS.
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AROUND THE INSTITUTE THE ARTS
On December 30, the Institute opens a new exhibi-
tion program to the public devoted to the legacy
of the eminent artist Herbert Bayer (19001985).
In 1946, the Institutes founder Walter Paepcke
commissioned Bayer, a Bauhaus-trained artist,
to design the Institutes physical structures and
philosophical image. Over the next 30 years, Bayer
helped transform Aspen from an abandoned min-
ing town to a high-profile destination and home to
the Institutes Aspen Meadows campus. The exhi-
bition in the Doerr-Hosier Centers Resnick Gallery
will honor Bayers contribution to the Institutes
identity, the town, and the art world at-large. This
will illustrate the breadth of Bayers career and the
influence that his time in Aspen had on his creative
output, said curator David Floria of the various
media featured, including painting, photography,
sculpture, and tapestry. Recent gifts such as Belle Nuit Gometrique (pictured here, gift of Stewart and
Lynda Resnick) and Geometry of an Illusionist (gift of Ronald and Jan Greenberg), and other gifts by Melva
Bucksbaum and Raymond Learsy, and Alec and Gail Merriam will be displayed at the inaugural event.
BAYERS STROKE OF GENIUS
China is no one thing, said lin-
guist and author Deborah Fallows
when describing the myriad expe-
riences and perspectives of the
country and its citizens. The 2013
Aspen Writers Foundations Sum-
mer Words event, hailed by USA
Today as one of the Top Ten Liter-
ary Gatherings in the US, featured
a writing retreat and festival of
conversations with writers either
native to China or inspired by it.
Over six days, participants and
speakers examined a broad swath
of the China experience and con-
sidered stories of ancestry, emi-
gration, censorship, and cultural
revelation. When discussing the
intersection of West and East in her
writing, Chinese writer and Mac-
Arthur Fellow Yiyun Lee identified
the drawbacks of translating across
languages. Theres the translation
of the text, and then theres also
the translation of the situations,
she said. The translation of situa-
tions is more difficult than the text.
There are cultural references and
political references, and all these
things. Bestselling author Lisa See
had a different perspective. Emo-
tions are universal, relationships are
universal, said See. Yes, you open
a book and step into another time
or culture, but what you connect
to are the characters, real or imag-
ined, and you think about your
own life, the human condition.
East Meets
West in Aspen
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YIYUN LEE
John Sarpa my close connection with the Aspen Institute began 25
years ago when I co-chaired a group of dedicated leaders of various nonprot
organizations to successfully rezone the Aspen Meadows. That was a key step for
the Institute in securing its long term presence in Aspen.
Since then I have been involved with millions of dollars of Aspen real estate
developments and home purchases. Please let me help you nd your dream home
in the mountains so that you too may experience the mind, body and spiritual joys
so unique to Aspen.
JOHN SARPA 970.3792595
johnsarpa@comcast.net
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AROUND THE INSTITUTE THE AMERICAN LEGACY
Lincoln began to think if he
should distance himself from the
Proclamation in order to win the
election, but he decided to stay the
course. Not only was it moral,
it was also necessary for the war
effort. Lincoln may have lost the war
without the help of African American
soldiers from the south.
Michael Beschloss, presidential
historian
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In the very room where President Lincoln penned the
Emancipation Proclamation, the Institutes Aspen
Around Town program, along with The Gettysburg
Foundation, hosted an evening event commemo-
rating the profound legacy the document and the
Gettysburg Address both celebrating 150th anniver-
saries this year had on American history. The Lincoln
Cottage affair, presented with the support of Institute
Trustee Michelle Smith, featured period-appropriate
music and menu, as well as personal perspectives on
the writings by Civil War historian James McPherson,
philanthropist and Emancipation Proclamation owner
David Rubenstein, and presidential historian Michael
Beschloss, among others.
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The Lincoln Legacy Lives
The past 20 years have seen tremendous engagement around racial,
cultural, and gender diversity. Millennials are generally knowledgeable
about identity differences and far better equipped to have a respectful,
nuanced discussion of these issues than their parents and grandparents.
Can the same thing be said about religious diversity? At a time when reli-
gion fuels numerous conflicts overseas and religious tensions in the United
States are on the rise, what can be done to improve religious literacy and
create inclusive attitudes among Americas next generation? To explore
the challenge, and describe some models for best practices, the Institutes
Justice and Society Program, and a distinguished panel chaired by Institute
Trustees Madeleine Albright and David Gergen, recently issued Principled
Pluralism: Report of the Inclusive America Project. A group as diverse as
the country itself offered perspectives on how Americans can find common
ground to ensure religion acts as a source of cohesion rather than divisive-
ness. The report can be found at www.aspeninstitute.org/policy-work/
justice-society/inclusive-america-project.
Religious Pluralism: The Next Frontier?
PRESIDENTIAL SCHOLAR MICHAEL BESCHLOSS OFFERS INSIGHT INTO PRESIDENT
LINCOLN AND WHY HE CONTINUED TO PROMOTE THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION.
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AROUND THE INSTITUTE POVERTY
As long as we have a two-tiered workforce
where some workers have access to rights and
some dont, all workers suffer because standards
and conditions are lowered for everyone, said
the AFL-CIOs Ana Avendao at a recent Working
in America series panel hosted by the Institutes
Economic Opportunities Program. Avendao and
the panels experts on immigration underscored
the challenge that millions of unauthorized work-
ers face when they labor in the United States but
are not protected by US labor laws. Considering
how the sub-standard wages and illegal work-
ing conditions they endure influence the labor
market conditions for native-born workers as well,
panelists examined strategies to harness the skills
that immigrants bring to the country, and how to
upgrade the skills held by this sizable segment of
the workforce.
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CONGRESSMAN RICHARD NEAL, FORMER GOVERNOR TIM PAWLENTY, AND WALTER
ISAACSON AT THE ASPEN FINANCIAL SECURITY SUMMIT
At the recent Aspen Financial Security Summit, 40 leaders,
including former Governor Tim Pawlenty, Congressman
Richard Neal (D-MA), and Janet Murga, president of NCLR,
the largest Hispanic civil rights organization, examined how,
in the midst of budget cuts and tax reform debates, leaders
can still preserve the American dream of college educa-
tion, homeownership, and a secure retirement. Participants
saw reforming the tax code as key to both increasing the
countrys GDP and restoring family financial security. Neal
argued that, while taxes can be simplified, some incentives
should remain to promote retirement savings. Pawlenty
called for a flatter and simpler tax code that still addressed
the wealth gap, the skills gap, and the education gap.
Tough choices tend to be made either through crisis,
consensus, or particularly gifted leadership or some
combination of those three, he said. Murga suggested
that the multiple crises in financial markets, housing, and
the recession have exposed deeper challenges for minori-
ties, but also clarified the path forward to restoring jobs and
wealth, and forged stronger ties between consumers and
the financial sector. We know that Hispanics stand to be
one of every two first-time homebuyers by 2020, she said.
Preparation for the
Immigrant Workforce
The Way Back to
the American Dream
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AFL-CIOS ANA AVENDAO AND PRINCE GEORGES COMMUNITY
COLLEGE PRESIDENT CHARLENE DUKES
As long as we have a two-
tiered workforce where some
workers have access to rights
and some dont, all workers
suffer because standards and
conditions are lowered for
everyone. Ana Avendao
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AROUND THE INSTITUTE POVERTY
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Its easy for many to believe those who say that
automatic budget cuts arent hurting anybody much.
But thats wrong, wrote former US Senator Byron
Dorgan, founder and chairman of the Institutes Cen-
ter for Native American Youth, in Broken Promises, a
New York Times op-ed. Dorgan pointed to the Indian
Health Service, which serves roughly 2.1 million Native
Americans. It will lose close to $200 million in 2013 due
to sequestration alone (without the government shut-
down factored). That loss translates into nearly 800,000
fewer hospital visits for a population that already
experiences numerous health disparities. The Bureau of
Indian Education has experienced similar cuts, result-
ing in staff shortages and less money for much-needed
school building repairs throughout Indian Country.
Dorgan and the program he chairs continue to raise
awareness about successes and challenges facing
tribes, including the negative impact of sequestration
on a highly vulnerable, underserved population
Native American youth.
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Confident that communities already have the solu-
tions they need to solve their own problems, the Aspen
Forum for Community Solutions has embarked on a mis-
sion to support regions whose stakeholders collaborate,
using a model of collective impact, to address their
most pressing issues. Focusing on re-engaging Oppor-
tunity Youth (16 to 24 year olds disconnected from edu-
cation and the workforce), the Forum recently selected
21 communities to receive Opportunity Youth Incentive
Fund grants of up to $500,000 each.
Communities in areas as diverse as rural Green-
ville, Arkansas, and urban Los Angeles, California are
coming together to build and scale the pathways to
postsecondary completion and access to the labor
market for Opportunity Youth, said Aspen Forum
for Community Solutions Chair Melody Barnes of the
groups receiving a total of $6 million in grants. Were
thrilled to support those already using best practices.
For more information on the 21 communities that
received grants, visit aspencommunitysolutions.org.
Of Sequestrations Many Consequences
$6 Million Granted for Opportunity Youth
FORMER US SENATOR BYRON DORGAN, WHO FOUNDED AND CHAIRS THE INSTITUTES
CENTER FOR NATIVE AMERICAN YOUTH
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AROUND THE INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS
Borrowing a page from its US counterpart, Aspen Insti-
tute Romania held its second annual Bucharest Forum,
adapting the Aspen Ideas Festival format and even a
mosaic version of the Festivals logo. From Sept. 26 to
28, the major international gathering focused on the
economic and strategic policy needs of the region
between Central Europe and Central Asia. The event
offered some of Romanias first trans-regional debates
bringing together foreign investors, representatives
of the Romanian business sector, and leaders from
the US, EU, and the tri-sea area of the Adriatic, Black
Sea, and Caspian Sea countries. Discussing how to
anchor the New Silk Road, speakers delved into topics
such as the Eurasian Trade and Investment Corridor,
Transatlantic and Eurasian security after the US leaves
Afghanistan in 2014, regional infrastructure, and the US
and EU reset policies towards the Russian Federation.
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In honor of the Aspen Institute Japans 15th
anniversary, Institute Trustees and Society of
Fellows members, as well as several Interna-
tional Partners, traveled to Tokyo to celebrate
with Chairman Yotaro Kobayashi, a host of
Japanese Trustees, and supporters. Among the
events, the International Institutes each offered
their view of The Aspen Spirit in a round-
table dialogue. The group also discussed the
economic, social, and diplomatic challenges
facing Japan, as well as the many bright spots
in the countrys future. Ambassadors of sev-
eral partner countries opened their embas-
sies to the delegation, which visited the area
affected by the 2011 tsunami, hearing from the
countrys young leaders who have been instru-
mental in assisting the region. Leaving Tokyo,
the group then traveled to the Atami-Kyoto
area for further touring and cultural experi-
ences as they considered the future for the
partner Institute and the country it calls home.
Romania Hosts Ideas
Festival-style Event
Japan Celebrates
15th Anniversary
ROMANIAN PRIME MINISTER VICTOR PONTA SPOKE AT THE BUCHAREST FORUM,
ALONG WITH POLITICAL, BUSINESS, AND NGO LEADERS FROM THE EU, US, ASIA,
AND RUSSIA.
THE ASPEN INSTITUTE JAPANS YOTARO KOBAYAHSI AND FORMER
CHAIR OF THE ASPEN INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE LEONARD
LAUDER DISCUSS THE JAPANESE PARTNERS NEXT 15 YEARS.
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Just when fugitive intelligence contractor
Edward Snowden applied for temporary asylum
in Russia, the Institutes Congressional Program
convened its usual Thursday morning breakfast
in the Capitol this one with leading Russian
expert David Kramer. A bipartisan group of 20
legislators huddled with Kramer, the president of
Freedom House, to discuss US policy options at
this critical juncture in the relationship between
these world powers. There was little different
about this gathering than most of the programs
events during its 30-year tenure, except perhaps
the attendees. A known entity among Congress
old guard, Congressional Program Executive
Director Dan Glickman has turned his focus to
the next generation of legislators, hoping to plant
the seeds of civil discourse in up-and-comers
from both sides of the aisle. The educational
opportunities are off the chart for members who
want to study and comprehend global issues
that impact us all, said Missouri Republican
Congressman Billy Long, who rode the Tea Party
wave of 2010 into Congress. Florida Democratic
Congressman Ted Deutch, who was also elected
in 2010, echoed the sentiment: I look forward
to the dialogue fostered by these meetings,
he said. They give members of both parties a
chance to take in new perspectives on major
domestic and international policy issues.
The Institutes Health, Biomedical
Science, and Society Initiative
welcomes a new director, Ruth J.
Katz. Having most recently served
as the chief public health counsel
for the US House Committee on
Energy and Commerce, she had
a lead role in crafting the public
health components of the health
reform initiative passed by the US
House of Representatives in 2009.
The Institute stands to benefit from
Ruths extensive knowledge of, and
leadership in, the health field and
her experience on the front lines
of health care policymaking, said
Elliot Gerson, executive vice presi-
dent for policy and public programs
at the Institute. She shares our
commitment to forging bipartisan
networks and other collaborations
with the ultimate goal of improving human health. The Initiative gathers
academic, government, and industry leaders to explore critical issues that
affect individuals health and that of families, communities, nations, and
the world. Spotlight: Health, a new forward-thinking forum on potential
policy measures, will be held from June 24 to June 27, 2014 on the Aspen
Meadows campus.
Health Policy Program Welcomes New Head
Congressional
Program Targets
New Generation RUTH KATZ JOINS THE INSTITUTE AS DIRECTOR OF
THE HEALTH, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE, AND SOCIETY
INITIATIVE.
The Stage and Stagecraft
of Diplomacy and Technology
In its second year, the Aspen Dia-
logue on Diplomacy and Technol-
ogy gave participants new roles
literally. The group of 25 diplomats
and business, nonprofit, and
academic leaders from the United
States, China, and Myanmar
(Burma) engaged in a role-playing
simulation of the US and China
rivaling for diplomatic advan-
tage in a hypothetical skirmish in
Myanmar. The purpose was to see
what lessons they might learn from
exploring the role of new technolo-
gies in a highly charged diplomatic
crisis. Americans played Chinese
and Burmese officials, while Chi-
nese and Burmese participants
played Americans. Oscar-worthy
performances were turned in by
Aspen Trustees Marc Nathanson as
National League for Democracy
in Burma Chair Aung San Suu Kyi,
Madeleine Albright as Burmese
President Thein Sein, and playing
Ambassador to Myanmar Yang
Houlan, Ambassador Christopher
Hill, dean of the Josef Korbel
School of International Relations at
the University of Denver, a partner
in the project with the Institutes
Communications and Society Pro-
gram. The group concluded by
calling for a reinvention of public
diplomacy in the US. Our chal-
lenge is to understand how to take
21st Century statecraft and turn it
into 21st Century streetcraft, con-
cluded John Rendon, CEO of the
Rendon Group.
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CityLab
Offers
Urban
Solutions
The inaugural CityLab:
Urban Solutions to Global
Challenges gathered
more than 300 leaders
and thinkers from around
the world for an excit-
ing summit in New York
this fall. The Institute, The
Atlantic, and Bloomberg
Philanthropies collabo-
rated to create a unique
partnership among local
governments, philanthro-
pies, academics, and
entrepreneurs for effec-
tive dialogue on urban
development. The event
showcased one of the
most successful mayors in
modern history and pro-
vided participants with
insights at the forefront of
municipal policymaking.
Hear from a few of the
experts who spoke about
emerging trends and the
power of cities to solve
problems.
Weve added a
billion people in the
first 13 years of this
century, another
billion in the next 14
or 15, and another
billion after that.
And 100 percent
of that growth will
be in cities. Cities
offer the greatest
opportunities to
become more
efficient, to
introduce new
systems, resilience,
and adaptation to
the changes that
are coming.
Al Gore, former vice
president of the United
States
Whats become
really clear to
me is that cities
are comprised of
neighborhoods
and weirdo
charismatics who
are interested in
getting things
started, and that
you dont get
to placemaking
without there being
people in a place
that really, really,
really care about a
place.
Theaster Gates, director
of Arts and Public Life,
University of Chicago
and urban real estate
developer
Technology can
be very alienating.
...Theres a lot of
people who want
to connect with
fewer people. We
had this kind of
great rush, a very
promiscuous
connection and
now were drawing
back. One of the
main components
of that is actually
location and
location becomes
hugely important
in technology
where mobile is the
default.
Caterina Fake, founder
of Findery, co-founder of
Flickr and Hunch
Institute Heads to the City by the Bay
San Francisco now plays host to the Institutes newest
innovative lecture series as a result of a generous donation from
Trustee Diane L. Morris. Im pleased to support the creation
of a new forum to address the critical role of leadership and
innovation in San Francisco, said Morris of the thrice-yearly
gatherings. There are many leadership organizations around
the country, but none with the breadth and depth of the
Aspen Institute. Held at the Walt Disney Family Museum, the
Morris Series will also incorporate the Institutes emphasis on
enduring values and nonpartisan exchange. Next up for San
Francisco and the Institute? In the fall of 2014, the city will see
the first-ever Ideas Festival held outside of Aspen with a focus
on technology and its influence on creating solutions.
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For parents and kids, just about every signal from the culture conveys the
idea that a high dose of one sport at a young age is the pathway to ath-
letic stardom. But what do we really know about early specialization and
the 10,000 hours rule? Whats the role of nature vs. nurture? And whats
the best way to develop the potential of all children? The Institutes Sports
& Society program Director Tom Farrey moderated a discussion with
David Epstein, Sports Illustrated columnist and author of the bestseller, The
Sports Gene: Inside the Science of Extraordinary Athletic Performance,
and Dara Torres, 12-time Olympic medalist in swimming. I make sure my
daughter gets 30 to 40 minutes of physical activity every day, said Torres.
I involve her in many different sports so she can decide what she wants to
do, instead of pushing her to specialize in one sport. More than 20 of the
nations top coaching leaders convened for the first of a four-part series for
the Aspen Institutes Project Play, a two-year thought exercise to get and
keep more children involved in sports to create healthy lifestyles.
What Do We Really Know About
Developing Child Athletes?
ASPEN INSTITUTE SPORTS & SOCIETY DIRECTOR TOM FARREY AND OLYMPIC SWIMMER DARA TORRES AT THE FIRST
OF PROJECT PLAYS FOUR-PART ROUNDTABLE SERIES.
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In celebration of the Aspen Business & Society Programs 15th anniversary,
the Institutes President and CEO Walter Isaacson moderated a panel
discussion with two leading business school deans to consider what busi-
ness schools need to do now to meet the talent challenges for the next
decade and beyond. Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern
University Dean Sally Blount and Haas School of Business at the Univer-
sity of California, Berkeley, Dean Richard Lyons discussed how business
schools are responding to the need to develop brave, path-bending
leaders. For their ground-breaking efforts challenging graduate-level busi-
ness school students to critically examine the role corporations should
play in society, Mauro F. Guilln, Dr. Felix Zandman professor of interna-
tional management and director of the Joseph H. Launder Institute of
Management & International Studies, Wharton, University of Pennsylvania,
and Nicola Manuela Pless, professor, ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull
University, were presented with 2013 Aspen Faculty Pioneer Awards.
Business Schools Develop a
Whole New Kind of Leader
Carol Dopkin is a long time
Fellow of the Aspen Institute
Carol created an Idea when she
came to Aspen to introduce
Real Estate with Horse Sense
It has been a successful
competitive edge establishing
relationships with clients looking
for all types of properties from
condos to large ranches
For over 35 years
Carol Dopkin has been
The Realtor with Horse Sense!
Carol Dopkin
with Feathers Heir
970.618.0187 cell
Carol
@
CarolDopkin.com
www.CarolDopkin.com
Add some
horsepower.
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AROUND THE INSTITUTE COME AND JOIN US
Under the leadership of dinner chair Mercedes T. Bass, the Institute is
celebrating its 30th Annual Awards Dinner on Nov. 7 at The Plaza Hotel
in New York City. On this milestone occasion, the Institute will recognize
two distinguished leaders. Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger will
receive the Institutes Global Leadership Award from former Secretary
Madeleine Albright. Wynton Marsalis, accomplished trumpeter, educa-
tor, arts advocate, and artistic director of Jazz at Lincoln Center, will be
honored with the Henry Crown Leadership Award. In addition to conver-
sations with the honorees, the dinner will feature a special performance
by Marsalis and members of the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra.
chief content officer, Bloomberg
LP. The Institutes guidance will
provide a richer experience for
the CEOs joining us in Chicago,
helping them push the bound-
aries of what it means to meet
challenges in economically and
socially sustainable ways. To
find out how to attend, go to
go.bloomberg.com/bsummit.
Following on the heels of the inaugural
CityLab conference, which Bloomberg
Philanthropies co-sponsored, and the inau-
gural Bloomberg Business Summit, in which
the Institute partnered, New York City Mayor
Michael R. Bloomberg will be presented with
the Institutes 2013 Preston Robert Tisch
Award in Civic Leadership. Tischs children,
Laurie, Jonathan, and Steve, created the
award in 2009 to honor their fathers legacy
of public service and philanthropy. On Dec.
11, Mayor Bloombergs efforts to create
healthy and vibrant communities in New York
City and beyond will be honored during a
program and a dinner at Asia Society. Insti-
tute President and CEO Walter Isaacson will
moderate the program, a conversation about
Bloombergs life, work, and philanthropic
projects.
Established by a Chicago indus-
trialist interested in engaging
business leaders in giving back
to society, the Institute is heading
back to its roots in the Windy City.
A collaboration with the Mayors
Office of the City of Chicago
and Bloomberg LP, the inaugural
Bloomberg Business Summit will
be held on Nov. 2021 at the Art
Institute of Chicago. The event
will engage more than 250 CEOs,
senior executives, thought lead-
ers, and public sector officials in
conversations about the people,
values, markets, and trends that
will change business in 2014. The
Aspen Institute stands for big ideas
and constructive solutions, and
we are thrilled that it is partnering
with us on the first annual Summit,
said Norman Pearlstine, chairman,
Bloomberg Businessweek, and
Bloomberg Business Summit Launches
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30th Annual Awards Dinner
THE INSTITUTE TO
HONOR MICHAEL
BLOOMBERG
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Concept and Design by
Where great ideas are going.
Smart thinking spreads quickest: a notion that inspired
our rst Festival in 2004. Now in 2014, our 10th Anniversary Year,
we continue to encourage progressive thinking with
two additional formats.
First, Spotlight: Health, June 2427, kicks of the
2014 Ideas Festival. Then, in the fall, we take the Festival on
the road to San Francisco.
Theres a lot to think aboutand look forward to.
Aspen Ideas Festival: June 24July 3.
Learn more at AspenIdeas.org
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LEADING VOICES
Condoleezza Rice
Former Secretary of State and Institute Trustee
Development, democracy and defense go together.
If you dont believe that, look at the failed state that
was Afghanistan and what that meant for America on
Sept. 11. People are beginning to understand that the
absence of state capacity, failed states, places where
governments cannot provide for their people these
are dangerous places.
But secondly, Americans really do have a heart.
Americans are proud that weve saved 5.5 million
people from the AIDS pandemic. Americans want
to believe that were taking responsibility for making life
better for people who have very little. Its the to whom
much is given much is expected.
Finally, I think we have to believe that we have
something special to say for the world. We have an
exceptional creed thats universal. You can come from
humble circumstances and do great things. Thats
different than almost any other place in the world. We
believe the world is better off when people control their
own affairs. We believe in democracy. So the notion of
an American special responsibility goes alongside the
understanding that America is an exceptional nation
and has something special to say in the world.
John Hickenlooper
Governor of Colorado
[Colorado has] the most rigorous regulatory environ-
ment for oil and gas of anywhere in the US. But its in
conjunction with talking to the environmental commu-
nity and then also the various industries involved and try-
ing to thread that needle and say, all right, we all drive
cars. Right now, everywhere in the world, there is this kind
of NIMBY [attitude]. No one wants extraction industries
in their backyard, but we all need the results. So how do
we nd ways to get at not just energy, but all the raw
natural resources we need in such a way that we dont
create risks to our air, our water, and our environment?
That focus on pro-business, but also pro-environment, I
think allows the business community to believe.
THE FUTURE IS NOW
CONDOLEEZZA RICE
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Experts on US policy and international aid, as well as governors from both sides of
the aisle, spoke about building the foundation for change during the long-standing
McCloskey Speakers Series this summer.
GOV. JOHN HICKENLOOPER
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LEADING VOICES
Dambisa Moyo
International Economist
So this is probably as optimistic as Ive ever been
in my life about the continent. I think that theres a
real realization by many presidents in Africa that the
solutions are going to have to come from Africa. That
does not mean that we dont need support from the
United States or from Europe or from China from
wherever but the African governments themselves
and African people have to take the lead in this
discussion. So Im pretty optimistic there.
Also I think in a strange way, the nancial crisis
has been a fantastic thing for Africa because it did
force governments to rethink how they were going to
raise funds. I mean, to me, its completely absurd that
the United States is up to its eyeballs in debt that its
borrowed from China to basically then give money
to Africa in aid. I mean, its that kind of logic that I
just you know I mean, Im a simple African girl. So
maybe Im just missing something.
Chris Christie
Governor of New Jersey
The fact is, youre the governor, a disaster that has
never hit your state before hits it, and there are people
out there who are thinking about the politics. Let me
guarantee you that if youre a governor and you have
365,000 homes destroyed and 7 million of 8.8 million
without power and no operational waste water or
water treatment plants in the state, 51 gas stations
open in the entire state, and none of your schools
let me just tell you youre not worried about whos
going to be happy or sad with you in your party. You
got elected to do a job, and you do your job.
And so my point to nishis that its very rare that
Congress is faced with that type of [natural disaster]
crisis. And so when youre faced with a crisis where
you have to work with the other side in order to do
your job for the people who elected you, you do it. I
think presidents are much more, and governors, are
much more willing and able to do that if they have the
political will. I do think that this president has a lot to
do with it. Because I think the only person in Washing-
ton who can bring the parties together is the president
of the United States, whoever that president is.
GOV. CHRIS CHRISTIE
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LEADING VOICES
Eric Schmidt
Executive Chairman, Google
What does it take to be successful? Well, jobs are
created in the private sector. Employment and wealth
are created in the private sector, not by the govern-
ment, sorry. And its done by entrepreneurs and inno-
vation, which we can talk about. But there are some
things that society needs to do. One obvious thing
is immigration. Theres been this big debate about
immigration. America is sufciently stupid that we take
smart people from other countries, we educate them
at the best universities in the world, and we kick them
out to send them to other countries to create compa-
nies that compete with mine.
John McCain
US Senator
These devices that we use didnt originate in China.
Now, maybe a lot of them are made in China, but
they didnt begin and were not developed in China. I
know that one part of our immigration bill is to let any
student who is a postgraduate in science, technology,
engineering, or mathematics, if they want to stay in this
country when they graduate, they can. ... The majority
of students in postgraduate schools in those subjects
are not from the US. Most of them are going to want
to stay here and not go back to China because this is
where the innovation is, this is where the imagination is.
America still leads in that. ... Ive been telling my friends,
particularly in the high-tech community, talk is cheap.
Weve got to have a coordinated effort. Weve got to
have our evangelicals out there. ERIC SCHMIDT
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For the second annual Hurst Lecture Series, an elder statesman and a
technology pioneer both known as mavericks who can direct
the public discourse in their respective elds agreed that the issue of
immigration is one of innovation.
SEN. JOHN MCCAIN
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AspenSnowmassProperties.com | 970.922.2111
BJ Adams | Andrew Ernemann | Gary Feldman | Mark Lewis | Kristen Maley | Leah Moriarty
Doug Nehasil | Lucy Nichols | Casey Slossberg | Michelle Sullivan | Melissa Temple | Tara Turner
T
his planet has a lot of problems, but they
can all be solved, and this planet has the
potential to be a paradise by the 22nd century.
- E.O. Wilson, Pulitzer Prize-winning author, Harvard professor, biodiversity scientist
Je Je Je Je Je Je Je Je J re re re re re ree re r my my my my my my my m SSSSSwa wa ww ns ns nsson on on on
With deepest admiration for those committed to lessen the worlds suffering, improve our environment,
develop ethical businesses, transform how we grow our food, and support our artists.
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SPOTLIGHT SOCIETY OF FELLOWS
S
ociety of Fellows members are
some of the most dedicated
supporters of the Institute. For
their membership, they are offered
access to an array of speakers con-
sidering timely and relevant topics,
as was the case this past summer in
Aspen, where more than 15 exclu-
sive gatherings were held.
Events began on a high note
in June with The Great American
Songbook, featuring band leader
Peter Duchin, Director of the
National Jazz Museum in Harlem
Loren Schoenberg, and Alan
Fletcher, president of the Aspen
Music Festival and School. Duchin
and Schoenberg gave live per-
formances of Gershwin and Cole
Porters music at this eighth collabo-
ration with the Aspen Music Festival
and School.
In August, Fellows explored The
Korean Peninsula: Implications for
US Foreign Policy with moderators
who have spent extensive time in
North Korea. Ambassador Joseph
DeTrani served as special envoy
for the Six Party Talks, and Professor
Alexandre Mansourov studied at
the Kim Il-Sung University in Pyong-
yang, DPRK. Kurt Campbell, Aspen
Strategy Group member and for-
mer assistant secretary of state for
East Asian and Pacic affairs, joined
the discussion as a special guest
speaker.
A role-playing exercise had
participants brainstorm several end
goals of a hypothetical US foreign
policy approach to North Korea,
touching on issues such as sanc-
tions, denuclearization, and human
rights. Were marching in a dark
tunnel, said DeTrani. Theres the
element that they may have some-
thing in their pocket that were not
aware of.
In addition to the symposia,
Fellows enjoyed an array of lunch-
eons and discussion receptions. In a
private home, Pulitzer Prize-winning
author Taylor Branch offered an
account of the last 50 years of civil
rights. Branch touched on issues
of slavery and segregation, and
reminded the audience of the
ongoing signicance of Martin
Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birming-
ham City Jail. Despite advances
on social issues, including the wom-
ens and gay rights movements,
Branch concluded that there is still
progress to be made.
A luncheon on the topic of diplo-
macy and technology featured
Alec Ross, former State Depart-
ment senior innovation advisor to
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.
Ross spoke about his work as a
young tech innovator, the current
SOCIETY OF FELLOWS MEMBERS GATHER AT A PRIVATE HOME IN ANTICIPATION OF A TALK BY PULITZER
PRIZE-WINNING AUTHOR TAYLOR BRANCH.
SAVE THE DATES FOR
WINTER SYMPOSIA
Feb. 1720, 2014, Aspen
March 1720, 2014, Aspen
shifts taking place in geopolitical
power, and what he learned while
sitting across the hall from Secretary
Clinton. You cant Twitter your way
to democracy or Facebook your
way to effective governance,
concluded Ross. What we need is
good old-fashioned leadership.
Exceptional Engagement
JOIN THE SOCIETY
OF FELLOWS!
The Society of Fellows is a community of
engaged supporters who take an active
role in Institute events and programs.
Benets include exclusive symposia,
lectures, and receptions held in Aspen,
New York, Wye, San Francisco, and
Washington, DC. Fellows also receive
special newsletters and discounted
registration for public events. To learn
more, visit www.aspeninstitute.org/sof
or contact Peter Waanders at
Peter.Waanders@aspeninstitute.org
or (970) 544-7912.
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SPOTLIGHT SEMINARS
T
rue to Walter Paepckes vision
for the Institute, art and ideas
intersected at last springs cus-
tom seminar: Propositions for the
Future of the Art Museum. Con-
ceived by Walker Art Center Direc-
tor Olga Viso and Institute Seminars
Director Todd Breyfogle, the semi-
nar hosted 17 museum adminis-
trators hailing from international
art institutions such as the Getty
Museum, Centre Pompidou-Metz,
and the Guggenheim Museums on
the Aspen Meadows campus.
Museums, as we know them, are
instruments of the enlightenment,
born of an interest in classifying and
ordering various forms of knowl-
edge in an almost scientic way. Is
that model still viable? New Yorks
Museum of Modern Art Director
Glenn Lowry asked the group. Are
there different, more effective ones
that we should be considering?
The Institute offers custom semi-
nar programming for a multitude of
organizations and groups such as
this one using the Aspen Seminars
classic method. Substantial fund-
ing for Propositions for the Future
of the Art Museum came from the
Getty Foundation; philanthropist
Agnes Gund; Institute Trustee Lynda
Resnick; and her husband, Stewart,
with in-kind support from the
Institutes Seminars program.
Senior Aspen Seminar moderator
Jay Marshall combined values-
centered, text-based dialogues with
strategy sessions to get at the heart
of the issue. To kick off the event, the
museum directors participated in a
commissioned piece of multimedia
art. Joined by Trustee Anna Deavere
Smith and six other provocateurs
thought leaders from elds adjacent
to the art museum the directors
engaged in discussions designed to
bring central concepts to the fore:
the relationship between imagina-
tion and democracy, the tensions
between the museums preserva-
tion and social missions, and the
frontiers of art and culture. The
sessions used the literature of Alexis
de Tocqueville, Virginia Woolf, and
others as tools.
Participants addressed the mas-
sive social, demographic, techno-
logical, and economic shifts that
have been radically transforming
global society and their effects on
art museums. As with most Aspen
Seminars, the outcomes are mani-
fested in a clearer individual and
collective vision of the problems
facing the topic.
Propositions ndings were
discussed at a plenary session of
the meeting of the Association of
Art Museum Directors in Montreal
in May 2013. Deavere Smith and
Metropolitan Museum of Art Direc-
tor Tom Campbell, both of whom
participated in the March custom
seminar, extended the conversa-
tion at the Aspen Ideas Festival. As
Campbell put it, a museum is not
DURING THE ASPEN IDEAS FESTIVAL, INSTITUTE TRUSTEE, PLAYWRIGHT, AND ADS WORKS DIRECTOR ANNA DEAVERE
SMITH AND METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART DIRECTOR TOM CAMPBELL BUILT ON THEIR DISCUSSION FROM A
CUSTOM-DESIGNED ART MUSEUM SEMINAR.
Whats the Future of the Art Museum?
2014 SCHEDULE:
ASPEN SEMINAR ON LEADERSHIP,
VALUES AND THE GOOD SOCIETY
March 2228 (Aspen)
May 39 (Aspen)
May 1723 (Wye River)
June 713 (Aspen)
June 2127 (Wye River)
Aug. 1622 (Aspen)
Sept. 612 (Aspen)
Oct. 1117 (Wye River)
To attend an Aspen Seminar or tailor one
to your groups needs, contact
Todd Breyfogle, Seminars Director, at
Todd.Breyfogle@aspeninstitute.org.
just a stuffy art history lesson, but a
comprehensive experience, which,
much like the classic Aspen Semi-
nar, puts you in a contemplative
state of mind and opens you to new
suggestions.
To read the summary of the
seminar, go to aspeninstitute.org/
artmuseumreport.
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HOST YOUR MEETING HERE
OLN YLAR-ROUND | LVLN1S USINLSS LLISURL
Uniting the mind, body and spirit at the Aspen Meadows Resort.
800.452.4240 www.aspenmeadows.com
www.facebook.com/aspenmeadows
www.twier.com/aspenmeadows
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
SPOTLIGHT SOCRATES
A
s has been the tradition for
the past 17 summers, more
than 100 leaders between
the ages of 28 and 45 convened
on the Aspen Meadows campus
for the annual Socrates summer
seminars. Over the July 4 weekend,
the group explored the ethics and
values for both society and the
individual. Topics ran the gamut
from The New York Times Washing-
ton Bureau Chief David Leonhardts
examination of how the genera-
tion gap denes American voting
patterns to former Chief Scientist
of Xerox Corporation John Seely
Browns exploration of the big
shift that nds the search for iden-
tity marked by adventurous and
innovative exploration rather than
familiar, more linear ways of work-
ing and learning.
Psychologist and Stanford edu-
cator Madeline Levine questioned
what constitutes a life well-lived.
She invited participants to ponder
whether the pursuit of happiness
will better our societys quality of
life. Dan Glickman, former US sec-
retary of agriculture and director of
the Aspen Congressional Program,
led a discussion on how modern
technologies might ease the ten-
sion between population growth
in the developing world and the
preservation of the planets natural
resources. George Mason University
Professor Jack Goldstone discussed
the impact that expanding middle
class consumption in newly industri-
alizing economies, combined with
economic challenges facing the
West, will have on global eco-
nomic growth.
The weekend of learning and
networking culminated in the
Socrates Programs 2013 annual
benet dinner, co-chaired by
Socrates alumni Peter Hirshberg,
Adib and Kerry Nasle, Marsha Ralls,
and Bill Resnick. The event, which
honored Institute Trustee, Socrates
alumnus, and Henry Crown Fel-
low Arjun Gupta, featured Google
Ideas Founder and Director Jared
Cohen in conversation with Institute
President and CEO Walter Isaacson.
They spoke about the conuence
of technology, diplomacy, and
geopolitics and the huge blind
spot the US government faced in
the mid-to-late 2000s, when words
such as Google and Facebook
were not taken seriously in diplo-
matic settings.
Cohen advised the next genera-
tion the rst to be socialized in a
world dened primarily by technol-
ogy and connectivity to come
to the aid of those who need
help making sense of technology.
These future leaders will have a
natural advantage over those they
will be working for, said Cohen.
Technology and connectivity will
allow us to further our reach, but
it does not absolve us of taking
responsibility for its manifestation.
New York Times columnist
JARED COHEN
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The Value(s) of Innovation
Upcoming Events
Nov. 89, 2013
Socrates Salon in New York City
The Moral Limits of Markets
moderated by Bruce Kogut
Feb. 1417, 2014
Socrates Winter Seminars in Aspen
How Technology Is Changing Us
moderated by Stephen Balkam
Health and Wellness: Social Good
or Personal Responsibility
moderated by Esther Dyson
The Future of Privacy and Transparency:
Surveillance in the Age of
Snowden and Manning
moderated by Jeff Rosen
April 2427, 2014
Socrates International Seminar in Spain
Spring, 2014
Socrates Salon in Seattle
July 47, 2014
Socrates Summer Seminars in Aspen
Join the Socrates Program!
To participate in a Socrates seminar,
contact Gia Regan, associate director
of the Socrates Program, at
Gia.Regan@aspeninstitute.org
www.aspeninstitute.org/socrates.
Thomas Friedman and former Chief
Technology Ofcer Aneesh Chopra
further discussed the future of our
economy and the power of inno-
vation and open data to transform
the way we live at the Socrates
Intel program in Washington, DC,
this fall.
////
Te forum will bring together top-level government ocials, industry
leaders, leading thinkers, noted journalists, and concerned citizens for
three days of in-depth discussion on national security, homeland security,
and counterterrorism at our Aspen Meadows Campus in Aspen, Colorado.
For more information: www.aspensecurityforum.org
Contact: Leah Dreyfuss, leah.dreyfuss@aspeninstitute.org
Special thanks to our 2013 sponsors:
July 23-26, 2014 + Aspen, Colorado
cnn.com/securityclearance
Presented by:
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SPOTLIGHT IDEAS IN ACTION
and built many of the treasured
resources upon which America still
depends.
National service dates back
further than that. In the book, We
Hold These Truths: Understanding the
Ideas and Ideals of the Constitution,
Mortimer Adler, one of the Insti-
tutes founding thinkers, interpreted
Thomas Jeffersons inclusion of the
pursuit of happiness in the Decla-
ration of Independence to be a will
to public service. We nd that subse-
quently John Adams wrote, Our
obligations to our country never
cease, but with our lives.
C
ivilian national service
has had a rich, bipartisan
history. President Franklin
D. Roosevelt created the Civil-
ian Conservation Corps in 1933 to
put young, unemployed men into
productive service in the midst
of the Great Depression. Over
its nine years, more than 3 mil-
lion young Americans developed
skills and harnessed their talents
to plant 3 billion trees, provide
agricultural drainage for 84 million
acres of land, and create more
than 800 parks. Guided by the US
Army, young men found purpose
THE FRANKLIN PROJECT AIMS TO SIGNIFICANTLY ADD TO THE NUMBER OF AMERICANS SIGNING UP FOR SERVICE CORPS.
BY JOHN BRIDGELAND AND ALAN KHAZEI
From John F. Kennedys Peace
Corps to George H.W. Bushs Points
of Light to Bill Clintons AmeriCorps
to George W. Bushs Freedom Corps
to Barack Obamas support of the
Serve America Act, modern Presi-
dents have encouraged national
service. Yet, interest from Americans
in serving always outpaces the sup-
ply of opportunities.
Retired US Army Gen. and former
Commander of the International
Security Assistance Force Stanley
McChrystal is working to expand the
potential. At the 2012 Aspen Ideas
Festival, he noted that for the rst
time in history, less than 1 percent of
Americans are serving in the armed
forces during wartime. He issued a
challenge that all young Americans
serve in some capacity. They could
choose the Army or AmeriCorps,
the Air Force or Peace Corps, the
Marine Corps or a full year of work-
ing with a nonprot. Service would
be voluntary, but expected, with
a modest stipend so all Americans
could participate.
Young people from different
backgrounds would work side by
side to tackle problems in educa-
tion, health, poverty, conservation,
and veteran services, among other
pressing issues. America would
become a country where the rst
question people ask when they
meet would be: Where did you
serve?
Thus, the Institute created the
Franklin Project, named for Benjamin
Franklin, who believed service by cit-
izens was central to our democracy
and consistently created opportuni-
ties for Americans to give back. The
project tapped a diverse, multisec-
tor leadership council of American
thought leaders, such as former
Secretaries of State Madeleine
Albright and Condoleezza Rice, as
well as former Secretary of Defense
Robert Gates, and media mogul
Arianna Hufngton.
The council informed and
The Franklin Project
Serves Notice
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endorsed the Franklin Projects Plan
of Action, which was released at
the inaugural 21st Century National
Service Summit in Aspen, Colorado,
as a prelude to the 2013 Aspen
Ideas Festival.
The plan calls on all sectors to
build a national service system of
1 million civilians each year, on par
with the more than 1 million active-
duty men and women serving in the
armed forces. A nationally represen-
tative survey of voters supported by
Target found strong public support
for all major aspects of the plan. An
economic case study supported by
JPMorgan Chase showed a 4-to-1
return on investment on service.
At the conference, Cisco Systems
pledged and provided $1.6 million
to support the development of a
national service certication system
in which nonprots and colleges
can become accredited to create
national service positions and make
a service year part of their culture.
A coalition of colleges and universi-
ties, led by Tulane University, Hobart
and William Smith Colleges, Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania, and the College
of William and Mary made commit-
ments to support this vision as well.
The president of the American
Bar Association announced his goal
of creating a new lawyers corps
and Deloitte stepped forward to
support it, as well as a new nancial
services corps. Target, JPMorgan
Chase, Bank of America, Accen-
ture, and others underwrote the
Summit in addition to making other
commitments.
Tangible effects of the Summit
were felt almost immediately. Just
weeks after the summer meeting,
President Obama issued a
Presidential Memorandum to
instruct his departments and agen-
cies to show how national service
can help meet their missions.
For its part, the Institute recently
hired Jason Mangone as the direc-
tor of the Franklin Project to dene
success and oversee implementa-
tion of the core ideas proposed
in the Plan of Action. Mangone
is a Marine Corps veteran and
graduate of the Jackson Insti-
tute of Global Affairs at Yale. Like
Mangone, Americans from all back-
grounds are emerging to help make
this big idea a reality.
For more information on the
Franklin Project, please visit
www.aspeninstitute.org/franklin.
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UNIVISIONS JORGE RAMOS SPEAKS TO HISPANIC PARENTS ABOUT HOW TO GET THEIR CHILDREN COLLEGE-READY.
B
est known for its popular tele-
novelas, news programming,
and soccer broadcasts, Univi-
sion is the most powerful brand in
Hispanic media in the United States.
Measures of its effectiveness are
familiar to anyone in the enter-
tainment business: The brands 23
owned and afliated stations across
the US reach 65 percent of Hispanic
viewers. Its Los Angeles afliate has
the single largest audience of any
television station in the country
during prime time among key adult
age groups.
1
A New Democrat
Network pollster found that only the
Catholic Church rivals the networks
credibility with American Hispanics.
2
But Univision has sought impact
beyond the marketplace: its Es el
Momento campaign has, for three
years, sought to help Latino par-
ents understand how to help their
children get ready for college. Its a
noble effort. But how do we know
it makes a difference? The Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation hired the
Aspen Planning and Evaluation Pro-
gram to help answer that question.
Its not that hard to know how
many people are exposed to the
content: Univisions reach is well
documented for each of its quar-
terly specials on education content.
But Univision, Gates, and the Insti-
tutes program wanted answers to
various questions, such as: How likely
are audience members to retain
what they learn about college
entrance requirements? How likely
are Hispanic parents to feel differ-
ently about their childs prospects
after seeing the success stories that
Univision features? How likely are
viewers to pursue tutoring, nancial
aid advice, and other supports
promoted through the broadcasts?
The Institutes program explored
these questions about knowledge,
attitudes, and behavior that cant
be answered with simple statistics
about reach.
Univision is hardly alone. The Insti-
tutes program addresses questions
like these for external clients, includ-
ing foundations such as Gates and
large nonprots including CARE,
as well as internal clients at the
Institute like the Global Health and
Development Program, and others.
The process centers around ask-
ing and then attempting to help
its clients respond to the question:
So what?
The Institutes program com-
missioned a national survey to test
knowledge and attitudes concern-
ing selected educational issues
among Univision viewers and non-
viewers. The results already point
to the networks positive impact
nationally. For example, Univision
viewers are more likely than non-
viewers to have heard about the
Common Core State Standards that
will increasingly shape public school
curricula.
We knew that the networks
impact on the knowledge and
attitudes of Hispanic people nation-
wide is already signicant. But earlier
research suggested that Univisions
owned and operated afliate sta-
tions could form connections with
community groups that parents
would trust for advice. National
credibility means a lot. That local
connection, we thought, could yield
even greater impacts on parents
and children.
Working with local Univision
afliates and their local partners, the
Institutes program is assessing how
effectively Univision refers viewers
to resources in their communities.
Univisions agship station in Los
Angeles, for example, promotes
the annual education feria, or local
festival, at California State University-
Institute Helps Univision
Measure Impact
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Dominguez Hills that attracts tens
of thousands of parents and kids to
booths and displays offering help
in everything from choosing pre-
schools to lling out college nancial
aid forms. Univisions channel 23
in Miami partners with the Dade
County school system on a series of
Futuro workshops to help young
people, parents, and guidance
counselors understand employment
trends and educational options.
These collaborations already
yield heartwarming stories about
individual successes. But so what?
The evaluation programs quarterly
check-in process with the three
local afliates, and frequent con-
versations with senior staff, cam-
paign managers, and social-media
developers at Univision headquar-
ters have already resulted in subtle
but signicant shifts in campaign
strategy that can help Univision
communicate even better. For
example, focus groups analyzed by
the program suggest that Hispanic
parents are uneasy about the Com-
mon Core State Standards in part
because of how the term is typically
translated. That analysis is helping to
shape new messaging.
Additionally, national survey
results suggest that parents under-
estimate the importance of com-
pleting algebra by the end of
ninth grade for college readiness.
Furthermore, an analysis of social
media posts revealed that posing
questions to viewers and website
visitors is more engaging than relying
on quotes from network talent. Our
consultations with the Los Angeles
afliate suggested changes in
how to record data from the large
crowds at the feria, as well.
With the help of the Aspen Plan-
ning and Evaluation Program, a
new season of quarterly specials,
and Education Week programming
in the works, Univision is ready to
seize el momento.
To nd out more about the Aspen
Planning and Evaluation Programs
ability to help your organization, go
to www.aspeninstitute.org/apep.
Notes
1. corporate.univision.com/2013/press/
univision-will-set-a-milestone-as-no-1-network-
in-any-sweep-among-both-adults-18-49-and-
adults-18-34-ahead-of-2nd-place-fox-by-
double-digits/#axzz2bsdebKjw
2. www.washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/
mayjune_2012/features/the_anchor037149.
php?page=all
A GOOD LIFE DESERVES
A LASTING LEGACY.
WHAT WILL
YOURS BE?
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LEGACY
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Henry Crown Fellow Ali Mufuruki boarded the first of several flights
to travel a grueling 9,500 miles from Dar es Salaam,Tanzania, to Aspen,
Colorado. Once settled into his seat, the East African businessman and
co-founder of the Africa Leadership Initiative in East Africa flipped open
to Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham City Jail, one of
the readings he expected to discuss in a Mini-Seminar. We are caught in
an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny,
he read. Kings words underscored the hope of Mufuruki and the other
350 entrepreneurial leaders traveling to the first annual Aspen Action
Forum: to connect with other kindred spirits and inspire one another to
make an even bigger impact than they already have.
Lost Hills Family Resource Center Founder Alesha Hixon
was among those invited to attend. Making the trip from the
largely Latino agricultural region, Hixon came to the Forum to
find others, like her, building their communities to better support
the healthy development of children, adolescents, and parents
facing challenging obstacles. Standing before the 350 participants
I will
raise $1 million to
fund new African Leadership
Initiative classes in East
Africa. ... I think the public
nature of the commitments
will compel each of us to
follow through.
Ali Mufuruki
Once on the Aspen Meadows campus, carrying the effects of jet
lag, altitude, and worries about lost luggage, Mufuruki walked by
a 40-foot wall, already covered with handwritten Action Pledges.
He took a moment to join the more than 200 participants whod
contributed commitments to the Action Wall. I will raise $1 mil-
lion to fund new African Leadership Initiative classes in East
Africa, Mufuruki wrote, explaining, I think the public nature of
the commitments will compel each of us to follow through.
Just feet away, Action Forum participants and Aspen com-
munity members squeezed into the campus Greenwald Pavilion
to hear Institute Trustee and Roll Global Vice Chairman Lynda
Resnick interviewed for the events Leadership in Action series,
which later included philanthropist and businessman David
Rubenstein and journalist Tom Friedman. Since 2010, Resnick
and her husband, Stewart, have built schools, clinics, and youth
centers in Californias Central Valley, where a large portion of
their companys employees live and work. Institute CEO Walter
Isaacson asked Lynda why she chose to actively support com-
munities in the Valley, as well as underwrite the Forum, itself. I
realize that it is my obligation as a human being on this planet, to
give back as much as I possibly can, she said.
The Resnicks $5 million gift supported a wide range of
attendees, including Fellows from the Aspen Global Leader-
ship Network, First Movers, and Ascend Fellowships (for more
on these Fellowships, see page 108), as well as from Institute
partners in France, Spain, and Romania. Goldman Sachs 10,000
Women and 10,000 Small Businesses initiatives, Visa Inc., Echo-
ing Green, and others from outside the Institute participated as
well. Among those near and dear to the Resnicks were the 10
leaders who came to the Forum from the Central Valley.
Henry Crown Fellow and Africa Leadership Initiative in East Africa
Co-founder Ali Mufuruki poses a question during one of the Leadership
in Action public sessions.
Henry Crown Fellow and acclaimed filmmaker Tiffany Shlain speaks to
Action Forum attendees on using technology to make collaborative films
for social good.
TAKE ACTION
at the Forums opening lunch, Hixon recited her own Action
Pledge: I will empower youth to increase the size of their civic
footprint. The entire Action Forum experience keeps you
focused on what you have to do when you get back to your corner
of the world, Hixon said. No one could sit back and be a passive
attendee because the format doesnt allow that. Each attendee
plays a critical role in shaping the experience.
Never one to be passive, Pahara-Aspen Education Fellow
Larry Berger sat down to a table of 30 leaders primed to discuss
the topic Education: Is the Classroom Obsolete? Berger, the
architect of a leading education technology company, Wireless
Generation, surprised many in the room. I dont want to create
a world where the classroom goes away, he said. Until evidence
surfaces that classrooms are not efficient it might be nostal-
gic but I will work to preserve them.
Helping to lead one of the many Interactive Roundtable ses-
sions focusing on a variety of moral, philosophical, and topical
leadership issues, Berger asked those gathered to consider the
strengths and limitations of an increased focus on technology in
education. The group responded, debating if technology could
help build character or an ethical mind in students.
Berger had made an Action Pledge prior to the Forum, but
was inspired by what he heard to make an additional commitment
I realize that it is my obligation as a human being
on this planet, to give back as much as I possibly can.
Lynda Resnick
Henry Crown Fellow Nike Irvin writes her Action Pledge on the wall: I will make Los Angeles a laboratory for nonprofits ready to partner or merge.
Walter Isaacson interviews Lynda Resnick during the first
of several Leadership in Action sessions.
with his wife, who attended as a guest. Our pledge is to defend
the right to an education for children in fundamentalist environ-
ments, he said.
A few weeks prior to the Action Forum, in her office in Costa
Rica, Central America Leadership Fellow Gisela Sanchez
pulled out her iPad to write a brief on the seemingly intractable
challenge she faced with her newest endeavor. Passionate about
curbing malnutrition in Central America, Sanchez had created a
line of inexpensive, high-nutrition food and beverage products.
She struggled with how to spread the word without sparking a
market war with less nutritious, but more established brands. She
and 40 other leaders had been selected to present at an Action
Workshop designed to gather practical advice from her peers.
Participants prodded and pushed to understand Sanchezs
core challenge, ultimately giving her strategic business advice she
would take home and use. As a result of my Action Workshop,
Ive decided to reach out to my larger competitors to involve
them in the project, she said. Im also creating an education and
marketing program to those in high-malnutrition communities to
roll out in the first 100 days of the launch.
The conclusion of the Action Forum was more a beginning
than an end. Participants returned home with a booster shot
of inspiration, support, and most important, a commitment to
action. Well be following everyones progress over the next 12
months, doing what we can to encourage and support them with
ideas and connections, said Peter Reiling, Institute executive
vice president for leadership and seminar programs. And then,
of course, theres next year. This is an annual event. We hope to
build on whats been accomplished and encourage new commit-
ments from others who join us.
The second annual Action Forum will be held on the
Aspen Meadows campus from July 29 to Aug. 1, 2014.
To learn more, visit www.aspenactionforum.org.
TAKE ACTION
A group of Fellows contemplate Martin Luther King Jr.s seminal Letter from Birmingham City Jail in
one of the many Mini-Seminars on leadership.
We hope to build on whats been accomplished and
encourage new commitments from others who join us.
Peter Reiling
THE WORLD DOESNT
CARE WHAT YOU KNOW.
IT CARES WHAT YOU
CAN DO WITH WHAT
YOU KNOW.
TOM FRIEDMAN
TAKE ACTION
Use
mobile
phones to
educate
youth in
Ghana
Increase
Los Angeles
public school
graduation
rates to more
than 70%

Work to
stop human
rights abuse
in Russia
Educate
100,000
Indian
girls
AS PART OF THEIR COMMITMENT TO
MOVE FROM THOUGHT TO ACTION,
MORE THAN 200 OF THE PARTICIPANTS
HAVE ALREADY MADE ACTION PLEDGES.
HERE ARE SOME OF THEM:
Democratize
genomic
medicine

Train
veterans
in starting
their own
businesses
Empower
women in
Panama to
have their
voices
heard

Help
build a
sustainable
Long Island
Marsh
Direct
$50 million
of investment
to benefit
low-income
communities
BRING ENERGY SECURITY
TO 10,000 LOW-INCOME
FAMILIES IN LOUISIANA BY 2020.
BETH GALANTE
HENRY CROWN FELLOW
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY
AND EDUCATION, POSIGEN
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, USA
I will never forget the day, almost two months
after Hurricane Katrina, standing in a long line at
the utility office in downtown New Orleans, when
an elderly woman broke down in tears talking
about her struggle to pay a $400 utility bill for
just one month of service. Unable to afford both
her medications and her utilities, her health was
rapidly deteriorating. My project provides energy
security to clients by putting solar panels on their
roofs, making energy efficiency improvements to
their homes, and by educating them on how they
can reduce their energy costs even further. I hope
to bring this model to working-class families in
many other states around the country and ideally
expand into developing countries in the future.
TAKE ACTION
DECREASE THE RATE
OF UNINSURED BLACK PEOPLE
IN SOUTH CAROLINA TO LESS
THAN 15 PERCENT.
ANTON GUNN
LIBERTY FELLOW
OFFICE OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS DIRECTOR,
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
AND HUMAN SERVICES
WASHINGTON, DC, USA
As a Liberty Fellow the health and wellness of
South Carolina is very important to me. In my
home state, 36 percent of African-Americans
are uninsured. The lack of access to quality,
affordable health coverage is one of the reasons
health disparities persist. I believe a reduction
in the raw number and percentage of uninsured
African Americans will result in an economic
and social boon to South Carolina. In my daily
work, I am charged with helping some 40 million
Americans (nearly 1 million in South Carolina)
to obtain health insurance coverage .
DECREASE THE NUMBER
OF UNINVESTIGATED RAPE
CASES IN SOUTH AFRICA.
ANDISIWE KAWA
AFRICA LEADERSHIP INITIATIVE/
SOUTH AFRICA FELLOW
MANAGING DIRECTOR, CHUMA HOLDINGS
SANDTON, SOUTH AFRICA
Currently 90 percent of reported rape cases are
withdrawn before they go to trial because of
inefficient investigation. Of the 10 percent that
go to trial, the conviction rate is 4 percent. As a
survivor of this crime, I have experienced firsthand
the shortcomings of the investigation process and
the judiciary. I have started an organization called
Kwanele-Enuf Foundation to develop a holistic
approach to combating the escalating scourge of
gender-based violent crimes in South Africa.
TAKE ACTION
RAISE SUSTAINABILITY
AWARENESS IN URBAN
CHINA. LIN LIN JACOBS
CHINA FELLOW
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND
MANAGING FOUNDER, JELLYMON
BEIJING, CHINA
One effect of Chinas rapid economic growth
is staggering overconsumption and the
disconnection between people and the resources
used in consumer products. Sustainability is a
widely used but thoroughly ignored term
in China, especially in cities. I spent the past
seven years of my professional life growing sales
for some of the largest international lifestyle
brands in the China market. Now I am shifting
gears and building a new business model. I
will use each of these products to build deep
awareness around issues of sustainability.
Y
O
F
I

G
R
A
N
T
201 3 MC NULTY PRI ZE FI NALI STS
In a high-energy dinner presentation at the Aspen Action Forum, Institute Trustee Anne Welsh
McNulty; her son, Kevin; and Institute Trustee Madeleine Albright announced the four Aspen Global
Leadership Network Fellows projects selected as finalists for the 2013 John P. McNulty Prize. The
2013 finalists, below, are making a significant impact on their communities and across the globe.
Bill Bynum
Hope Credit Union
Jackson, Mississippi, USA
Advisor to three US presidents on community development, small business, and financial
services, Henry Crown Fellow Bill Bynum founded Hope Credit Union to provide much-
needed financial services to under-banked areas. His work building assets, improving
savings, and offering access to credit for economically distressed Southerners has won
him the 2013 McNulty Prize.
www.hope-ec.org
Manoj Kumar
Araku Originals Ltd.
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
CEO of the Naandi Foundation and India Leadership Initiative Fellow Manoj Kumar created
Araku Originals Ltd. to economically empower the inhabitants of the Araku Valley. He is
changing the economics of the local coffee farms by harnessing the power of niche global
markets.
www.arakuoriginals.com
Adam Lowry
Ocean Plastic Project
San Francisco, California, USA
Co-founder and Chief Greenskeeper of Method Products Inc., Adam Lowry along with his
Catto Fellowship classmates was inspired to create the Ocean Plastic Project. Through his
eco-friendly cleaning products company, Method, hes pioneered a completely new technique
and supply chain for harvesting, recycling, and producing new plastic from the immense
garbage patches polluting the Pacific Ocean.
www.methodhome.com/ocean-plastic
Chinwe Onyeagoro
FundWell
San Francisco, California, USA
Advisor to Fortune 1000 executives and the US Small Business Administration, Henry Crown
Fellow Chinwe Onyeagoro noticed that qualified businesses in inner cities that should have
access to affordable financing hadnt taken advantage of the opportunities available to them.
She co-founded FundWell to connect underserved business owners with lenders locally and
nationally to improve their financial health.
www.thefundwell.com
TAKE ACTION
PHILANTHROPY HAS BECOME SYNONYMOUS
WITH JUST WRITING CHECKS, AND IT SHOULDNT
BE. IT SHOULD BE GIVING AWAY YOUR TIME,
ENERGY, AND IDEAS.
DAVID RUBENSTEIN
SECURING
THE FUTURE
THE FOURTH ANNUAL ASPEN SECURITY FORUM
BUZZED WITH THE DEVELOPING STORY OF NSA CONTRACTOR EDWARD SNOWDEN WHILE
HOMELAND AND NATIONAL SECURITY EXPERTS WEIGHED IN ON SECURITY VS. LIBERTY,
FUTURE CYBER-THREATS, THE NEW NORMAL, AND ULTIMATELY,
HOW BEST TO KEEP OUR CITIZENS SAFE.
BY CLARK KENT ERVI N
DI RECTOR, ASPEN I NSTI TUTE HOMELAND SECURI TY PROGRAM
PHOTOGRAPHY BY DANI EL BAYER
he fourth annual
Aspen Security Forum cemented its status
as the nations premier forum for high-level
government officials, industry leaders, lead-
ing thinkers, and noted journalists in the
fields of homeland and national security. In
the wake of the Boston Marathon bomb-
ing, many of the 150 Aspen Security Forum
speakers including US Air Force Chief
of Staff Gen. Mark Welsh, US Special
Operations Command Cmdr. Adm. William
McRaven, and former US Central Com-
mand Cmdr. Gen. James Mattis exam-
ined the idea that the April 2013 attack
might represent a new normal. On the one
hand, the combined efforts of the Bush and
Obama administrations have been devastat-
ingly effective in knocking the centralized Al
Qaeda organization that attacked the US on
9/11 on its heels. Complementing that offen-
sive strategy, a wide range of defensive mea-
sures has been taken in the dozen years since
to harden obvious targets, like the aviation
sector and iconic government buildings.
US Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Mark Welsh talks about the new
normal for national security.
The World Economic Forums Elaine Dezenski at the 2013 Aspen
Security Forum
The upshot is that, while certainly not impossible, it is highly
unlikely that another catastrophic attack on the homeland could
be pulled off today. As a result, Al Qaeda is now more determined
than ever to show it can still carry out spectacular attacks on US
soil. The hardening of hard targets has only made attacking rela-
tively soft ones, such as sports venues and shopping malls, that
much more appealing, and, therefore, far more likely to occur.
Furthermore, what was once a lethal but localized threat con-
centrated in the badlands of Afghanistan and Pakistan has now
spread like a cancer throughout the world. Policymakers now
worry even more about regional Al Qaeda affiliates in Yemen,
Somalia, and North and West Africa than they do about Osama
bin Ladens successor, Ayman al-Zawahri, and what remains of
the Al Qaeda core. And, this is to say nothing of terrorists, and
potential terrorists, already inside the United States, both foreign-
born ones like the Tsarnaev brothers and homegrown ones, who
are the hardest to spot of all.
Perhaps former Attorney General John Ashcroft summed up
the terrorist threat environment best when he countered the pres-
idents assertion that the war on terrorism, like all wars, will even-
tually end. I think we are still at war, Ashcroft told the audience
on the Aspen Meadows campus. I dont know when I will be able
to say when we are not at war. But, as long as they are continuing
to hit us and allege that they are at war, I think we are.
As the countrys leading experts in the intelligence com-
munity gathered, disgruntled government contractor Edward
Snowden still lurked in the bowels of the Moscows Sherem-
etyevo International Airport. The disclosure of the vast extent of
the NSAs acquisition of phone records and Internet traffic in its
hunt for terrorists loomed large at the conference. The continuing
controversy surfaced the age-old tension between security on the
one hand and liberty on the other more starkly than any incident
in recent memory. It also raised the question of whether we have
now overcorrected for the pre-9/11 failure to connect the dots
and to share critical intelligence with all relevant players.
Moderating journalists such as CNNs Wolf Blitzer and
John King, The New York Times David Sanger, Fox News
Catherine Herridge, and NBCs Michael Isikoff, among
many others asked whether the US now collects too much
Policymakers now worry
even more about regional
Al Qaeda affiliates in
Yemen, Somalia, and
North and West Africa
than they do about
bin Ladens successor,
Ayman al-Zawahri, and
what remains of the
Al Qaeda core.
Clockwise from top: The New York Times David Sanger and US
Deputy Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter discuss how the Pentagon
is doing more with less. John McLaughlin asks questions during a
panel session. Institute Trustee Mercedes Bass and The New York
Times Eric Schmitt listen to a panel at the Forum. Anthony Romero
and Jane Harman talk counterterrorism.
information and shares it, among and within agencies, too broadly.
Others asked whether we have now outsourced too much of the
governments core national security function to contractors.
Outgoing National Security Agency Director Gen. Keith
Alexander strongly defended the agencys surveillance program,
arguing that it is a reasonable approach that properly balances
security and liberty. But, the ease with which a relatively low-level
contractor was able to access huge troves of the governments most
prized secrets prompted the director to promise to make another
such compromise harder. Well close and lock some server rooms
so it takes two people to get in there, he said. Defending the
secrecy with which the program has been cloaked, Alexander put
it bluntly, We are not trying to hide it from you; its to hide it from
those who walk among you and are trying to kill you.
ACLU Executive Director Anthony Romero pushed back
hardest against the governments contention that Snowden was a
traitor who has done unprecedented harm to the country. I think
he did this country a service, Romero argued. I have not said this
publicly until this point. I think he did this country a service by
starting a debate that was anemic, that was left to government offi-
cials where people did not fully understand what was happening.
The conversation continued with a focus on the unrest roiling
the Arab world and its implications for security here at home, with
a particular emphasis on developments in Egypt and Syria. Dep-
uty Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency David Shedd
argued that terrorist groups were gaining strength in Syria and will
pose a danger to the United States and its interests for years to
come. They will not go home when it is over, said Shedd. They
will fight for that space. They are there for the long haul.
If there was any doubt before this summers Forum that the
line between homeland security and national security is, at
least, indistinct, and, at most nonexistent, the wintering of the
Arab Spring has made this crystal clear. Given the unsettled
security environment around the world and the negative trend
lines, terrorism will likely continue to be at the top of policymak-
ers agenda next year for the fifth annual Aspen Security Forum
(from July 23 to July 26, 2014) as well. A
OUTGOING NSA CHIEF
TALKS WIRE-TAPPING
Speaking just days before Russia granted Edward
Snowden asylum, outgoing National Security Agency
Director Gen. Keith Alexander offered his unvarnished
opinion about privacy and security at the 2013 Aspen
Security Forum.
The mission of NSA and Cyber Command is to defend
this country. In order to do that, we need programs that
we didnt have before 9/11. One of the biggest misunder-
standings is what these programs do. If you think that we
listen to everybodys telephone calls and read everybodys
email that would be a waste of our resources. You have
to have a methodology, which is to use something we
call metadata. Its the to-from numbers we use to track
somebody like we did Basaaly Moalin in 2007. The
court restricts what we can do with that data. We can only
look at that data if we have some reasonable, articulable
suspicion that the phone number that were going to look
at is associated with a terrorist group. The idea Snowden
brought about that we are listening to every single con-
versation is one of the many fallacies that exist. Youd
have to have AT&T and everybody elses networks and we
dont. That would require a warrant and a probable cause.
We are defending our networks and the nation first. So
the teams that were standing up first are ones that would
defend this country and defend our networks. Look at
what happened to Saudi Aramco and RasGas. These are
destructive attacks. They are impacting our nations finan-
cial sectors, going after energy, and stealing intellectual
property. We have to work together as a nation to solve
this problem.
National Security Director
Gen. Keith Alexander
2013 Target Brands, Inc. Target and the Bullseye Design are registered trademarks of Target Brands, Inc. 583438
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,
WHATS
THE
BIG
IDEA?
BY FAR THE LARGEST ASPEN IDEAS FESTIVAL YET, SOME OF THE
BEST THINKERS, LEADERS, ARTISTS, AND ACTIVISTS OFFERED THEIR
MOST INNOVATIVE IDEAS FOR MOVING THE WORLD FORWARD.
BY CATHERINE LUTZ
Representing fields such as politics, science, the arts, business, education, and more,
350 speakers on more than 250 panels convened at the 2013 Aspen Ideas Festival. Since
the Festivals inception nine years ago, the emphasis on not just thinking, but doing, has
grown making this years event the best example yet of whats possible when you apply
the right mix of people and ideas to some of the toughest questions we face.
The Aspen Meadows campus saw an unprecedented amount of innovation demon-
strated this summer a self-righting motorcycle, digital educational tools, an MRI-based
art exhibit, even a full-fledged planetarium. But it was about much more than innovative
objects. Here, then, are the Festival moments that reflect how all these doers are propel-
ling the world forward in a multitude of areas. We hope you, too, are inspired.
D
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B
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Artist Paula Crown exhibited Inside My Head: A Contemporary Self-Portrait based on her own brain scans.
M
alala Yousafzai, the Pakistani
schoolgirl shot in the head by the Tali-
ban, spoke by video to the Festivals opening
Big Idea session. Her inspirational state-
ment We educate one girl, we educate
our whole society reverberated through-
out the week with examples of womens
voices rising and increasingly being heard,
especially in the Muslim world. Balancing
optimism with reality, Shabana Basij-
Rasikh, founder of educational nonprofits
and a girls school in her native Afghanistan,
argued for an increased quality of education
for girls and the involvement of men in the
fight. Most of the time, it takes that sup-
portive father or brother to say, Yes, you go
to school, and I will fight whatever people
in the village want to say about you, said
Basij-Rasikh.
Nadia Al-Sakkaf, editor-in-chief of
the media company that includes the Yemen
Times, spoke of education as a portal. Its
not just the formal education, she said. Its
awareness, knowledge, exposure. These girls
are the hope; they are the change agents,
and we have to encourage them.
In Yemen, women, for the first time, are
involved in writing the countrys new con-
stitution. Al-Sakkaf described it like this:
Imagine youve been cooking all your life
without salt; it was locked in a closet. This is
where we are; we are trying to cook in the
new Yemen, and salt is women. Its important
to remember there is salt, and it has to be
included in the ingredients. We are still writ-
ing the recipe. By mid-2014, we will know if
we have a good meal or food poisoning.
THE
MIDDLE EAST
M
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B
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Nadia Al-Sakkaf and
Farahnaz Ispahani
I believe Obama will not let Iran be nuclear,
not because of Israel. ... I think Americas vital
interests will tell Obama to do what he has to
do after all the other options are exhausted, if
this is what will stop Iran. I think the President
who already got a Nobel Peace Prize for caring
about peace and non-proliferation of nuclear
weapons if I read his ideology this is one
of the pillars besides health care and a few
other things.
AMOS YADLIN, FORMER ISRAELI MILITARY INTELLIGENCE CHIEF
M
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B
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Nicholas Burns
and Amos Yadlin
I
n a demonstration that left not a dry eye in the house,
cellist Yo-Yo Ma accompanied Lance Corporal
Timothy Donley singing America the Beautiful. The
wounded Marine first explored his creative side through
his participation in Musicorps, a program that helps vet-
erans recover their lives through music. The session, part
of the Citizen Artists track, highlighted one of the innova-
tive ways the arts are being used for healing. Though the
concept itself is not new, programs like Musicorps fill a
previously unmet need in severely wounded soldiers lives.
The Marines gave me life skills, but what the Marines
couldnt give me was hope, said Donley, who lost both
legs while serving in Afghanistan. Many severely wounded
soldiers feel they have nothing left to look forward to, he
said, but playing music forces you to return to a normal
lifestyle, to socialize. Its something beautiful in the middle
of all this ugliness.
The Institutes current Harman-Eisner Artist-in-
Residence, and a champion of citizen artistry, Yo-Yo Ma
promotes communication across cultures through music
via his nonprofit, The Silk Road Project, and by participat-
CITIZEN
ARTISTRY
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B
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Timothy Donley and Yo-Yo Ma
ing with Musicorps. Music lets them get out what theyre
crying to say, said Ma.
Soprano Camille Zamora, co-founder of Sing for
Hope, which brings performers to bedridden hospital
patients, explained that the artist who serves in this way
also sees a return on investment. Some of my greatest
teachers have been collaborators in hospital settings that
have exhorted me to try something new, said Zamora.
Charles Lil Buck Riley dances in the Marble Garden.
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n the same day the Aspen Ideas Fes-
tival opened, the US Supreme Court
struck down the Defense of Marriage Act
and effectively sunk Californias Proposi-
tion 8 banning same-sex marriage. Four
days later, David Boies, the attorney who
had successfully challenged Prop 8 at the
district-court level, discussed the mean-
ing of these landmark civil rights rulings.
Calling the decisions a tremendous step,
Boies noted that the court was neverthe-
less slower than popular opinion on gay
rights. The more people talked about it,
wrote about it, the more people under-
stood this was an issue there werent two
sides to, said Boies. I think that helped
change the culture.
Lamenting that the court didnt
directly address the core issue of marriage
equality (37 states dont allow gay mar-
riage), he suggested that its only a mat-
ter of time. The we in we the people
has constantly expanded to encompass
people of diverse gender, of diverse race,
of diverse sexual orientation, he said. Its
recognizing that treating people who are
different than you this way is not right.
Boies also downplayed any major back-
lash on the ruling. Nobody thinks allow-
ing gays and lesbians to marry is going to
harm them, he said. More and more,
people understand that its not about
people being different; its about them
being the same. You fall in love; you raise
children; you love your children those
commonalities that make us all alike are so
much more important.
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The we in we the people has constantly
expanded to encompass people of diverse gender,
of diverse race, of diverse sexual orientation.
DAVID BOIES, ATTORNEY CHALLENGING PROPOSITION 8
David Boies R
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hen Supreme Court Justice Elena
Kagan suggested that Fourth
Amendment cases are going to be a
growth industry for the court, she wasnt
just referring to unreasonable search and
seizure of physical property. The Fourth
Amendment is not only about privacy.
It is about expectations of privacy more
generally, so that it wouldnt matter, for
example, whether you actually committed
a formal trespass, or whether you could
do the exact same thing with techniques
that didnt involve a trespass on property,
Kagan said.
The justice specifically discussed a
case involving a police officer tracking a
suspect by putting a GPS device on his
car, but she also more broadly alluded to
the ever-increasing debate over electronic
privacy. Some of the hardest questions
in constitutional law are how these princi-
ples translate into current predicaments,
current situations, current problems that
nobody had dreamed of, she said.
And cases involving technology, joked
Kagan, often require extra research
by the justices. We are all of an age,
and these cases rest on us understand-
ing things we didnt grow up knowing
or understanding, she said. You cant
decide a case in an intelligent way unless
you make a commitment to learn about
things you dont know about.
Law clerks come in extra handy in that
regard, she added. Its great having a
bunch of 30-year-olds all around you who
can tell you some stuff you dont know.
JUSTICE
FOR ALL
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Elena Kagan
You cant decide a case in an intelligent way
unless you make a commitment to learn about
things you dont know about.
SUPREME COURT JUSTICE ELENA KAGAN
E
ight months after Colorado and Washington
became the first states to legalize recreational
marijuana, the Festival held one of its first debates,
Matter of Debate: Should Pot Be Legal. While those
present were rapt, the web audience for the event
added more than 1,000 additional viewers hailing
from 39 countries.
The debate between Drug Policy Alliance Direc-
tor Ethan Nadelmann and former Drug Enforce-
ment Administration Director Asa Hutchinson was
held prior to any federal reaction to the ballot mea-
sures. Nadelmann offered this prescient observation:
The president does not have the power to order
federal prosecutors not to enforce federal laws. What
he can do is provide leadership in terms of saying,
Here is what we regard as our priorities. What he
can do is say the people have spoken, and we want to
find a way to allow these two states to work this out in
a responsible way.
One month later, Attorney General Eric Holder
did just that when he notified the two states gover-
nors that the Justice Department wouldnt interfere
with the implementation of the pot measures. The
department also outlined priorities for federal pros-
ecutors to enforce marijuana laws.
At the Festival, Hutchinson expressed concern
about states trumping federal law. This is the first
time in history weve had a state setting up a regu-
latory regime that totally contradicts federal law,
he said. There is a lot at stake in what the position
of the administration will be. If they remain silent,
legalization will be the law of the land in a majority of
the states within five years.
STATES
RIGHTS IN A
HIGH-MINDED
DEBATE
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Ethan Nadelmann and Asa Hutchinson debate state vs. federal marijuana
policy as James Bennet moderates.
23,000+
PEOPLE IN 146 COUNTRIES HAVE
WATCHED MATTER OF DEBATE:
SHOULD POT BE LEGAL?
MAKING IT THE MOST WATCHED
VIDEO FROM THE FESTIVAL.
1,218
VIEWERS WATCHED
THE VIDEO STREAMED
LIVE DURING THE EVENT.
Wi n t e r 2 0 1 3 / 2 0 1 4
Stopping gun violence
takes courage, courage to
do whats right, courage
to take on new ideas.
Now is the time to come
together, be responsible
Democrats, Republicans,
everyone. We must never
stop fighting. Fight,
fight, fight, be bold, be
courageous the nation
is counting on you.
GABRIELLE GIFFORDS
The country is becoming
more diverse, and the Republican
Party can and should do better.
We have more responsibility
to attempt to do better among
nonwhite voters, which includes
Indians, Norwegians, and grumpy
people.
KARL ROVE
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n a sweeping conversation that ranged from
economic recovery to immigration reform, US
Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew discussed, with
some foresight, the far-reaching consequences of
sequestration. He explained that it was first put
forth as something so unattractive that it would
motivate Congress to enact a balanced set of
spending cuts and revenue increases. But with
that strategy backfiring, Lew noted, there is a
stunning lack of imagination to understand the
impact of the effects of sequestration.
Cutbacks on education, infrastructure, and
research and development would have long-term
economic impacts, he said, adding a more dire
warning about military cuts (which came into play
in the Syria debate). While these things arent
free, Lew suggested that some of the affected
areas are ones that historically have bipartisan
support, or that, at least, dont require the kind of
arm wrestling where one side has to win and the
other side has to lose.
The challenge, he said, is to shift from the debt
debate to what do we need to do to build the
foundation for a strong economy in the generation
to come? How do we have alternative policies to
do deficit reduction and make room for invest-
ments that will keep America on the cutting-edge
in the next generation? ... The macroeconomic
effect is very real, he concluded, and it would be
a good thing for this country if we took our own
advice and got the fiscal consolidation a little bit
into the future, with the kind of structural reforms
that build long-term confidence.
BEYOND THE
BUDGET
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It would be a good thing for this
country if we took our own advice and
got the fiscal consolidation a little
bit into the future, with the kind of
structural reforms that build long-term
confidence.
JACOB LEW, US TREASURY SECRETARY
569,686
MINUTES OF ON-DEMAND VIDEO
FROM THE FESTIVAL WERE
WATCHED ON YOUTUBE DURING THE
WEEKLONG EVENT. INDIVIDUALS
FROM 141 COUNTRIES VIEWED
ASPENIDEAS.ORG
You dont look at haiku and say,
Arent you worried that people
arent thinking deeply?
DICK COSTOLO, TWITTER CEO
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Dick Costolo and Katie Couric
A WHOLE
NEW
LAUNCH
FOR
SPACE
1,485
PEOPLE ATTENDED SHOWS
IN THE INSTITUTES
NEW PLANETARIUM IN THE
BUCKMINSTER FULLER DOME,
WHICH DEBUTED AT THE FESTIVAL
A
program track called Flying Cars? The Future of Transportation highlighted inno-
vations such as driverless cars, self-righting motorcycles, alternative fuels, car and
bike share programs, and yes flying cars.
Yet no form of transportation is quite as awe-inspiring as space travel, something that
entrepreneur Richard Branson, who spoke at the Festivals closing, recognized as a
business opportunity in the early 1990s. I saw the moon landing, and most of us who
were alive then marveled at it and assumed that one day we would have the opportu-
nity of going into space, said Branson, whose Virgin Galactic plans its first commercial
space flights next year. The trouble is space is run by governments, and govern-
ments I dont think are that interested in sending ordinary people into space.
Virgin Galactics Stephen Attenborough explained that while
Virgin Galactics original goal was to build a spaceship and offer com-
mercial spaceflight, it has become something bigger. The company
will launch satellites, offer research flights, and is working toward
point-to-point flights that will move people around the globe at six
times the speed of the Concord. The desire to go beyond the Earths
atmosphere is not simply a selfish one, Branson explained: Were
just this little pinprick, and space is infinite. Everyone who has been
to space has been changed theyve come back having looked back
at the Earth wanting to do something positive about it.
We told people that we were
launching Virgin Galactic and that
we were going to be the worlds first
spaceline. We said it would be nice
to raise $10 million over the next year
in deposits. We raised it in four or
five weeks.
STEPHEN ATTENBOROUGH, VIRGIN GALACTIC

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W
hile the idea behind Kickstarter is not
new artists including Mozart and Mark
Twain have for centuries solicited funds from
small backers for creative projects applying
innovative technology has allowed the concept to
expand tremendously. But theres more to Kick-
starter than just funding, said its co-founder and
CEO Perry Chen. One of the biggest things is
that a community is being created around each
project, said Chen. Classically, you work in the
dark, and this is the reveal. Theyre not consum-
ers, theyre your patrons. Theyre rooting for this.
Thats wind in your sails.
BUILDING
COMMUNITIES
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Kickstarter is at the forefront of a movement
that, according to Chen, will simply add to what
foundations, government grants, and investors are
already doing for creative endeavors. The ideas
exist; the desire exists. Oftentimes funding is the
greatest barrier, and weve found that the com-
munity part, adding that, is an accelerant, he said.
So really, its just about more.
Tony Hsieh, who revolutionized shopping
online through his Zappos platform, also uses
technology to establish physical community.
However, he has specifically targeted a until
recently downtrodden section of Las Vegas,
Freemont East, to treat like a startup with input
from both an in-person and online audience.
Dubbing it the Downtown Project, Hsieh has
marked $350 million of his own money to build
the kind of community in which he and other
creatives want to live. Were actually very
anti-top-down. We wanted it to be organic, driven
by the community, Hsieh said. We ask people:
What do you want in your dream neighborhood?
Every now and then, we get someone whose
lifelong dream is to say, retire 10 years from now
and start a cupcake bakery. And we say to them,
rather than wait 10 years, why dont we invest in
you now, and that will help build community, and
you can start living your dream what your true
passion is.
Perry Chen
We are delighted to announce
that the 2014 Festival is growing from
seven to 10 days, which includes a
two and a half-day expansion focused
entirely on health, called Spotlight: Health.
Like the traditional Festival, Spotlight is
comprised of plenaries, tutorials, and
in-town events, but with a singular focus.
From June 24 to June 27, this public
convening offers dynamic conversations
about health from an integrative
perspective. Spotlight: Health passes
will be sold alongside those for the full
Festival; tickets go on sale to Society of
Fellows members on Nov. 6 and to the
general public on Nov. 13. To purchase
tickets, please visit aspenideas.org.
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erhaps the best innovation was within the Festival itself. Design firm IDEO hosted nightly brain-
storm sessions for participants to further explore the most interesting themes heard during the
week. Then, with the help of experts (catalysts) in four fields, these citizen designers came up with
ideas for the future of education, health, employment, and citizenship. To understand a system, you
have to spend a lot of time observing it, said IDEO partner Fred Dust. The longer you spend, the
more you observe, the more you get a sense of the real system and the more you can influence that.
So the group discussing employment decided that because of the increasing fluidity of how people
are working and learning, the currency of work will be built around ever-changing skills, as opposed to
past experience on a rsum. The citizenship-focused group suggested social media could act as a plat-
form for mass empathy. Self-diagnosis through technological advances and other trends that are allowing
patients to take greater control of their own health inspired the health group to generate ideas for well-
ness coaches and community-based health service corps. The education group offered teachers as data
scientists and even creating a corps of celebrity teachers a la the celebrity-chef model.
These ideas and others discussed at the 2013 Aspen Ideas Festival will serve as a basis for exploration
and the foundation for how we consider so many of the innovations of tomorrow.
DESIGNS OF THE TIMES
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Mayor Mitch Landrieu, Heather Smith, and David Gergen join IDEOs Fred Dust to brainstorm further solutions to ideas they heard throughout the Festival.
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The Alliance for Artisan Enterprise
CRAFTS A
GLOBAL PLAN
In the developing world, it is at the intersection of art
and commerce where lives are changed. At the request of the
State Department, the Institute sketches a plan for how to
bolster artisans and transform futures.
BY KAREN SOMMER SHALETT ALL PHOTOS SUPPLI ED BY GLOBAL GOODS PARTNERS
Throughout her travels in the develop-
ing world, former Secretary of State Hillary
Clinton saw thousands of low-income women
working in what is known as the artisan sector
and knew there were millions more who could
benefit from boosting this sector. Artisan busi-
nesses often lack the support that they need
to realize their full potential. One of Secretary
Clintons priorities at the close of her term was
to establish the Alliance for Artisan Enter-
prise, a member-based organization seeking
to promote and accelerate what is already an
economic driver, second only to agriculture
in developing nations. Secretary Clinton
ensured... that our foreign policy efforts helped
to lift people up, to lift their families up, and to
lift societies out of poverty, said Ambassador-
at-Large for Global Womens Issues Melanne
Verveer at the launch event for the Alliance.
This advances our own security, prosperity,
and values.
Recognizing the Institutes global reach, role
as a neutral convener, and expertise, Secretary
Clinton tapped the Aspen Global Health and
Development policy program to establish and
manage the Alliance.Our role, in some way,
was like a spark, said Verveer. [It] blossomed
into this groundbreaking organization under
the dedicated leadership of the Aspen Institute,
and into a wonderful partnership.
Indeed, this unique partnership with the
State Department has already allowed us to
work together to increase jobs and create viable
businesses for hundreds of thousands of women
and their families around the world, said
Peggy Clark, Institute vice president of policy
programs and director of the Alliance.
The World Bank reports that women and
girls reinvest approximately 90 percent of their
income back into their families. Empower-
ing women economically serves as the leading
barrier to trafficking, military conscription,
poverty, lack of health care and education
not just for themselves, but for entire villages,
says Alliance member and Dara Artisans Co-
Founder Dan Brewster.
The time has never been better to stand
up this sector. According to the 2010 United
Nations Creative Economy Report, the
global market for artisan products totaled
$32 billion in 2008. Even as the global economy
plummeted by 22 percent, exports of artisan
products actually doubled over the period 2002
to 2008.
Theres a confluence of variables that point
to future success in marketing artisan goods,
says Brewster. Weve certainly got the supply
This artisan rolls paper beads from recycled materials at Friends-International, a social
enterprise in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, that employs parents of former street children.
Khamak is an intricate form of embroidery, unique to the Kandahar
region in Afghanistan.
Potohar Organization
for Development
Advocacy, a womens
rights organization
in rural Pakistan,
provides education and
access to employment
for Pakistani women
through artisan craft.
Caption
of a highly skilled artisan product, and we have an emerging
consumer in both demographic and psychographic terms.
Brewster points to a 2012 MIT/Harvard study testing the
appetite for fair trade goods at 111 Banana Republic outlet
stores. Higher-end pieces marked with fair trade labels sold 14
percent more than the same products without the labels. Not
only is there increased market demand for products from the
artisan sector, there is an urgency to invest in the sector for
its other benefits preserving ancient traditions and cultural
diversity that respects the uniqueness of people and place, says
Clark.
The fast fashion supply chain, tarnished by recent incidents
like the building collapse in Savar, Bangladesh, leave people
clamoring for a socially responsible alternative, said Conor
French, CEO of Indego Africa, a nonprofit social enterprise
advancing African woman-owned cooperatives. And the arti-
san sector, with its increasing focus on fair trade practices and
producer well-being, can naturally fill that void. One recurring
issue is that artisan enterprises, without a degree of support,
have often proven difficult to scale or exist in areas cut off from
functional access to global commerce.
The Alliance hopes to help solve that. Rangina Hamidi runs
Kandahar Treasure, the first woman-owned and operated busi-
ness in one of the most difficult places in Afghanistan. She has
turned traditional fine-needle embroidery pieces into viable
Higher-end
pieces marked
with fair trade
labels sold
14 percent
more than the
same products
without the
labels.
incomes for more than 400 Afghan women. Recognized by the
State Department as an enterprise it wished to support, the
company received guidance and a grant that ultimately led to a
relationship with nonprofit online retailer Global Goods Part-
ners. Since connecting with the Alliance, Global Goods, itself,
has met other industry partners offering portals for the crafts it
markets.
As a result, Kandahar Treasure is just one of the artisan-
made brands represented by Global Goods that can now be pur-
chased on Walmarts website through its Empowering Women
Together program. There are many challenges inherent in
working with the artisan sector, said Sarah Thorn, Walmarts
senior director of international trade. We believe that by work-
ing with like-minded NGOs, businesses, and governments, we
can devise strategies to overcome sourcing barriers and help
artisan communities thrive. West Elm and Coca-Cola, among
others, joined Walmart in using the Alliance to connect with the
artisans in developing countries the brands strategically support.
The handicraft blueprint for development is outdated, said
French. It needs new models, new ideas, and new collabora-
tions to attract broader support and to help people understand
its considerable power to change lives and catalyze economic
and social progress in entire communities. The Alliance for Arti-
san Enterprise will accelerate and incubate this reimagining of
the artisan sectors value. A
Afghan artisans embroider goods to export at Kandahar Treasure, which
employs more than 400 women in Afghanistans most volatile region.
Clockwise from left: Artisans from Swaziland, Pakistan,
and Afghanistan use local materials and traditional
techniques to sell to native and international retail
partners including Global Goods Partners.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
THE CONVERSATION
BY ANNE MOSLE AND NISHA PATEL
Two Generations, One Future:
Exploring the Gateway
of Early Childhood
Several years removed from the peak
of the recession, parents are remarkably
positive about their lives, but they continue
to struggle and long for economic stabil-
ity. National data tell us these struggles are
real. Next year in the United States, one
million children will be born into poverty.
Right now, almost three-fourths of single-
mother families with children are low-
income. Almost two-thirds of adults who
never nished high school and one-third of
those with just a high school diploma are
low-income.
2
A country in which millions of families
are struggling for economic stability is
neither an equitable nor sustainable one.
The long-term economic prosperity of
our country is at risk when children and
parents, both of whom are resilient in spite
of great odds, struggle to achieve educa-
tional and economic success.
The gap between parents dreams
and desires for their children and the
nations ability to support families progress
can seem insurmountable. Fragmented
programs and policies intended to help
families become economically stable
often address the needs of children and
parents separately, leaving either the
child or parent behind and dimming each
familys chance at success. If a child is in
high-quality early education, but a par-
ent lacks the skills training needed for a
good-paying job, the family will continue
to struggle. The same is true if a parent
has opportunities to build skills for high-
demand jobs, but a child lacks access
to high-quality education. Nationally,
major shifts in family structures and in skills
required by the economy mandate a
change in how we help families succeed.
Ascend at the Aspen Institute is driv-
ing that change. Ascend was founded
to foster and amplify breakthrough ideas
and collaborations in programs, poli-
cies, and research to move children
and parents together toward educational
success and economic security. At the
heart of Ascends strategies is the Ascend
Fellowship, a vibrant and visible network
of diverse leaders who are creating new
pathways for low-income families. The
fellowship selects pioneering leaders who
are ready to take a quantum leap forward
with their big ideas and are piloting, repli-
cating, and scaling strategies that break
the cycle of poverty. The 18-month experi-
ence increases the impact of the Fellows
work, strengthens their leadership capac-
ity and networks, fuels their passion, and,
most important, inspires action, resulting in
a portfolio of new solutions.
The Ascend Two-Generation Framework
The Ascend two-generation framework pos-
its that when opportunities for and needs
of children and parents are approached in
tandem, the results are better and longer
lasting. The framework is a lens for exam-
A
mericans have historically relied on a set
of core beliefs that fall under the umbrella
of the American dream. Hard work. Equal
opportunity. Optimism. A better life for their
children. Recent focus groups with parents and children
conducted by Ascend at the Aspen Institute indicate
these beliefs and dreams for a better life are alive as
constant guide stars for low-income families.
1
MOSLE
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
THE CONVERSATION
ining programs, policies, and research. It
draws on a history of efforts to address the
needs of both children and parents, while
capitalizing on the implications of what
science has demonstrated: The develop-
ment of children and parents is inextricably
linked.
3
Parents gain motivation from their
children to succeed, and vice versa; their
efforts are mutually reinforcing.
The two-generation framework includes
three core components to make the
American dream for economic security
and stability more viable:
Education: Ascend addresses both high-
quality early-childhood education for
children and postsecondary education
linked to good jobs for parents. High-
quality early-childhood education can
have a return on investment as high
as 7 to 10 percent.
4
At the same time,
parents level of educational attain-
ment, particularly education beyond
high school, is the best predictor of
economic mobility for their children.
5
Economic Supports: Housing, transpor-
tation, nancial education and asset-
building, tax credits, child care subsi-
dies, and student nancial aid, among
others, provide a scaffold for families as
they develop job skills and longer-term
stability.
Social Capital: The trusted networks on
which families rely to navigate hard-
ships and make it in life as well as the
strengths and resilience of families
are of the utmost importance.
6
Early-Childhood Development:
A Gateway to Two Generations
Two-generation approaches may start
through either adult-focused program-
ming, such as community colleges, or
child-focused programs and policies,
such as child care, Head Start, Early Head
Start, pre-kindergarten through third
grade, and home visiting. The latter are
especially well-positioned to advance
two-generation approaches that support
children and parents together. Approxi-
mately 7.4 million children under age 5 are
in nonparental care.
7
Almost two-thirds of
children under age 6 have all available
parents in the labor force.
8
High-quality
early-childhood development programs
provide more than care and education
for children. They partner with parents and
serve as a trusted resource. Their emphasis
on learning and development can pro-
vide an opening for parents to explore
their own hopes for the future.
What does the early childhood gate-
way to two-generation approaches look
like? We highlight a few innovative models
led by Ascend Fellows from across the
country. Many more examples can be
found online at ascend.aspeninstitute.org.
Early-Childhood and
Postsecondary Education
At the Jeremiah Program, led by Ascend
Fellow Gloria Perez, single mothers com-
plete college degrees while their young
children participate in high-quality early-
childhood education at the same time
and in the same building where the
families live. The Jeremiah Program pro-
vides single mothers and their children with
a safe, affordable place to live; qual-
ity early-childhood education; life-skills
training; and support for postsecondary
education. And it works. One hundred
percent of recent alumni have career-
track employment at a livable wage (the
average is more than $17 per hour). More
than three-fourths have received a raise or
promotion from their employer. With sites
in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, the
Jeremiah Program is exploring opportuni-
ties to replicate and expand their two-
generation model in Fargo, North Dakota;
Austin, Texas; Boston, Massachusetts; and
other communities around the country.
Economic Supports and Asset-Building
The Colorado Department of Human Ser-
vices, under the leadership of Ascend Fel-
low Reggie Bicha, and the Corporation for
Enterprise Development, under the lead-
ership of Ascend Fellow Andrea Levere,
have jointly developed a blueprint for a
prototype of childrens savings accounts.
Their collaboration will demonstrate that
large-scale state-run systems, such as
The
fragmented
programs
and policies
intended to
help
families
become
economically
stable often
address the
needs of
children and
parents
separately,
leaving either
the child or
parent behind
and dimming
each familys
chance at
success.
PATEL
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
THE CONVERSATION
publically funded child care and early-
education programs, can integrate and
deliver these savings accounts to improve
outcomes for both children and parents.
Their project highlights the power of a
long-term asset-building account, estab-
lished for children as early as birth and
designed to grow in tandem with a childs
and parents nancial capability. At
age 18, the savings in an account of this
nature is used for nancing higher educa-
tion, starting a small business, or buying a
home.
Social Capital and Family Life Skills
Ascend Fellow and University of Chicago
sociology professor Dr. Mario Smalls
groundbreaking research has docu-
mented the importance of trusted rela-
tionships to foster economic stability for
low-income urban mothers and their
children. Dr. Small is collaborating with
Ascend Fellows Dr. P. Lindsay Chase-
Lansdale, the Frances Willard professor of
human development and social policy
at Northwestern University, and Henry
Wilde, the co-founder of Acelero Learning,
to design and test a new social capital
model within Aceleros private sector
early-learning centers.
With support from Ascend, their project
will develop and test intentionally created
parental networks and assess the impact
of social capital on childrens academic
success. This unique pilot will build on the
emerging body of work focused on the
correlation between increased school
attendance and stronger child outcomes.
Ascend: A New Model of Social Innovation
and Cross-Sector Collaboration
As a new model of social innovation and
cross-sector collaboration, Ascend at
the Aspen Institute is engaged in three
strategies:
building a network of diverse leaders
through a national fellowship program
and extended learning network;
identifying, supporting, and elevating
two-generation programs, policies, and
community solutions through research,
publications, convenings, media, online
platforms, and nancial investment; and
engaging the perspectives, strengths,
resilience, and aspirations of low-
income families to inform program
design and policy development by
highlighting the voices of children and
parents through social media, focus
groups, storytelling, and forums.
Ascends approach incorporates the
core belief that no one organization or
any one issue will create a legacy of
economic security and educational suc-
cess for all American families. Success will
come through dynamic collaborations
with leaders from all sectors of society. The
program understands the power of con-
venings, networks, and ongoing support
to foster promising programs and highlight
policies. Elevating solutions fuels debate
among leaders who have the power to
shift practice, policy, and research.
To further elevate cutting-edge solu-
tions, spur action, and expand the
network of leaders coming together to
innovate, Ascend recently launched the
$1 million Aspen Institute Ascend Fund. The
objective of the fund is to invest in solu-
tions that tap the creativity, knowledge,
and assets of all sectors of our society to
create a cycle of opportunity for children
and their parents. Demand and interest
have far exceeded expectations and
Ascend was founded with catalytic support from leaders who have
an established and longstanding commitment to issues impacting
low-income families, both in expertise and active investments.
Ascends investors are leading foundations and family philanthro-
pies, including W.K. Kellogg Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foun-
dation, Patrice King Brickman, Charlotte Perret Family Trust, Open
Society Foundations/Special Fund for Poverty Alleviation, Chambers
Family Fund, The Kresge Foundation, Siobhan Davenport/Rocksprings
Foundation, The Annie E. Casey Foundation, Ann B. and Thomas L.
Friedman Family Foundation, and Green Mountain Coffee Roasters.
Ascend continues to develop and seek out philanthropic partners
with a vision of economic security and educational success across
generations and robust capacity for effecting change.
The Ascend
two-
generation
framework
posits
that when
opportunities
for and needs
of children and
parents are
approached
in tandem,
the results are
better and
longer lasting.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
THE CONVERSATION
available resources, with more than 250
letters of inquiry submitted from organiza-
tions and collaborations working to imple-
ment two-generation solutions in 39 states.
Grantee partners selected for investment
will be announced in spring 2014.
Ascends strategies have the ultimate
goal of creating better results and better
lives for children and parents. Although
there is more to explore and examine
about the two-generation approach,
the promising models that Ascend has
identied, supported, and elevated are
working. We dont need to see any more
reports to understand that the best way
to help our children is to raise them in a
strong and supportive environment, says
Ascend Fellow and author Wes Moore.
The best way to create those environ-
ments is to have not only strong and sup-
portive communities, but also gure out
ways to support parents as parents.
And parents agree. We need help
doing this, says Rebecca, a graduate
of the Jeremiah Program, but we dont
want to feel like charity cases. We came
to these programs for a reason, to help our
children and to become economically
self-sufcient . I graduated from Jeremiah
shortly after I graduated from college. I
was on the deans list, and I see that my
experience has rubbed off on my son. Hes
just as motivated and determined as I am.
The program provided me with the tools to
bring my son to where he is now. A
Anne Mosle is a vice president at the Aspen
Institute and executive director of Ascend. In
these roles she is an advisor to the Institutes senior
leadership and directs the vision and strategic
goals of Ascend. Prior to the Institute, Mosle served
for three-anda-half years as a vice president and
ofcer of the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, where she
developed the Family Economic Security and
Civic Engagement portfolios, oversaw the launch
of the $100 million Mission-Driven Investing pilot
program, and spearheaded the New Mexico
place-based programming. Mosle currently serves
on the board of the Tides Foundation and is on the
Advisory Committee of the Oxford University Sad
Business School.
Nisha Patel is deputy director of Ascend at the
Aspen Institute. She has more than 15 years of
experience developing, managing, and imple-
menting philanthropic and policy initiatives to
expand economic opportunities for low-income
families in the US. Prior to joining the Institute,
Nisha was a program ofcer at the Bill & Melinda
Gates Foundation, where she managed a $40
million portfolio focused on reducing inequity
and increasing postsecondary success through
community partnerships and policy development.
During her time there, she received the Gates
Foundations US Program Colleague Recognition
Award for Outstanding Portfolio Management.
Endnotes
1. In June 2013, Ascend commissioned 10 focus
groups with single and married mothers across
races, separated by income levels, as well as
of boys and girls of mixed racial backgrounds
between ages 1214 and 1618. Focus groups
were conducted by Lake Research Partners
and Chesapeake Beach Consulting Partners.
2. Presentation to the Aspen ThinkXChange at
the Aspen Institute. Recent Demographic and
Economic Trends in the US Rakesh Kochhar,
Pew Hispanic Center, Oct. 9, 2012.
3. National Scientic Council on the Developing
Child, the Science of Early Childhood Develop-
ment. National Scientic Council on the Devel-
oping Child, 2007, www.developingchild.net.
4. See The Heckman Equation details and
materials. Available at: http://www.heckman
equation.org.
5. Hertz, T. (2006). Understanding Mobility in
America. Center for American Progress. Avail-
able at: http://www.americanprogress.org/kf/
hertz_mobility_analysis.pdf.
6. Ascend (2012). Two Generations, One Future:
Moving Parents and Children Beyond Poverty
Together. The Aspen Institute.
7. Child Care Aware analysis of 2010 Census data.
http://www.census.gov/hhes/childcare/data/
sipp/2010/tables.html.
8. Population Reference Bureau, analysis of
data from the US Census Bureau, 20082010
American Community Survey. Annie E. Casey
Foundation, Kids Count Data Center. National
Kids Count Data Index. Retrieved from: http://
datacenter.kidscount.org/data/acrossstates/
Rankings.aspx?ind=5057.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
THE CONVERSATION
BY KURT M. CAMPBELL
Sustaining the
Pivot to Asia
T
here is a quiet drama playing out in American
foreign policy far from the dark contours of
upheaval in the Middle East and South Asia
and the hovering drone attacks of the war
on terror. With sensibilities deeply informed by 21st
century strategic realities, the United States has led
a pivot or rebalancing of American diplomacy
toward the subtly demanding tasks of a rising Asia.
are also concerns that a greater US focus
on Asia will alienate traditional partners in
Europe (even while Europeans themselves
are dialing up their own activities in Asia).
Some are anxious that it would unneces-
sarily antagonize China. Indeed, while the
pivot is primarily a diplomatic gambit, the
policy led to hand-wringing over the mod-
est military innovations proposed and worry
that they might usher in a new Cold War in
Asia. And mostly, there have been con-
cerns over sustainability.
To the doubters of US fortitude, it is worth
remembering that the country has long
had a bipartisan consensus on the impor-
tance of the Asia-Pacic region to our
foreign policy and national interests. Dating
back decades, Democratic and Repub-
lican administrations alike, with congres-
sional support, have built and maintained
strong ties that bind the United States with
countries across the Pacic with alliances,
trade, values, and immigration. Some have
claimed that the pivot/rebalance was a
return to Asia but in truth we have
never left. The refocus on Asia, more accu-
rately, was a clear attempt to step up our
game in a region that expects more from
the US.
President Barack Obama took the oath
of ofce in the midst of the biggest doubts
about the American role in Asia since the
end of the Vietnam War. There have been
questions before about American stand-
ing or staying power when the US after
World War II went almost overnight from a
major war time mobilization to domestic
preoccupations; after the painful retreat
from Vietnam; and in the aftermath of a
long and costly Cold War. Most recently,
this anxiety was animated by questions in
Asia about the ability for the US to play a
leading regional role in the wake of the
global nancial crisis of 2007 to 2009. The
very thought of American strategic disen-
gagement sent shivers across the region
except perhaps in Beijing.
The pivot to Asia was conceptualized,
then, as a multifaceted effort to push
back against this perception of American
disengagement and to reinforce both the
enduring, as well as innovative, aspects of
US strategy. There are essentially six ele-
The United States government is in
the early stages of a substantial national
project: reorienting signicant elements of
its foreign policy toward the Asia-Pacic
region and encouraging many of its part-
ners outside the region to do the same. The
refocus on Asia is premised on the recogni-
tion that the lions share of the political and
economic history of the 21st century will be
written in the Asia-Pacic region. Despite
efforts to transparently detail and imple-
ment this policy, misunderstandings persist
about the key tenets of the pivot. Ofcials
question the durability of the US commit-
ment to the policy given potentially press-
ing developments in other regions of the
world and here at home.
This new American thrust into Asia is not
without controversy. Even the labeling of
the broader contours of the effort the
pivot is preferred by some, rebalanc-
ing by others, and still others nd the
whole effort long on rhetoric and short on
substance has sparked debate. Critics
contend that it is either unwise or unrealistic
to shift focus from the Middle East to Asia,
citing ongoing conicts in Iraq and Afghan-
istan and mounting threats from Iran. There
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
THE CONVERSATION
ments to the contemporary American
approach to Asia. The rst element, the
essential bedrock, involves sustaining Amer-
icas traditional security partnerships across
the region, specically Japan, Korea, and
Australia, as well as Thailand and the Philip-
pines. Second, the US would strive to sustain
and further develop a consequential and
productive relationship with China based
on common interests, mutual respect, and
strategic clarity. There will be competition
and rivalry for sure, but the region expects
the US and China to work together on 21st
century challenges.
There is clear recognition that China will
pose the most profound policy challenges
to the American nation in our history, but
that future conicts or collisions are not pre-
ordained. For the third element, the US has
implemented a comprehensive outreach
to a more diverse set of partners than in the
past, including India, Singapore, Myanmar,
and New Zealand, as well as Indonesia,
Vietnam, and Malaysia. The US has sought
to intensify its diplomatic engagements
across an entire region, in part, to place US
policy toward China into a larger context
and to embed its engagement with Beijing
into a broader framework.
Fourth, a new and innovative element of
US regional policy has been engagement
with the Asia-Pacics maturing multilateral
institutions, including the East Asia Summit,
Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and
the Pacic Island Forum. These bodies, while
still nascent, have the potential to help
build and reinforce a system of rules and
responsibilities in order to address complex
transnational challenges and to promote
broader regional cooperation. Recognizing
the Asia-Pacic region as increasingly the
driver of global economic growth, the fth
element of the approach involves elevat-
ing the importance of economic statecraft
as a central element of US foreign policy.
Asia looks to this country to play an open
and optimistic role in trans-Pacic com-
mercial discourse, and the US has sought to
advance our economic interests through
the implementation of the Korea Free Trade
Agreement and the on-going Trans-Pacic
Partnership negotiations. The sixth and nal
element of the pivot/rebalance concerns
the development of a geographically dis-
persed, politically sustainable force posture
in the region.
Regrettably, the military components
of the pivot/rebalance have frequently
been overemphasized and characterized
as the driver of US policy, when, in fact this
has largely been a diplomatic exercise
to date. Marine deployments to Darwin,
Australia, and US littoral ship presence in
Singapore are often more tangible and
easier to report on as examples of increas-
ing US presence in Asia than participation
in scores of bilateral and multilateral meet-
ings, or US support for development proj-
ects throughout the region. However, US
security engagement in Asia would not be
possible if it wasnt embedded in a much
broader national agenda involving diplo-
macy, trade, development, values, and
multilateral institutions.
Still, a caricature of Americas pivot
to Asia persists, and it goes something like
this: The Middle East and South Asia are the
graveyard of US power and prestige, and
we must cut our losses to these ungrateful
nations as quickly as possible and turn our
full attention to the 21st century that is play-
ing out on more peaceful and protable
shores in the Asian Pacic region. There are
many problems with this premise, begin-
ning with the notion that Asia is somehow
more about commerce than conict.
Indeed, just beneath the booming markets,
the region is simmering with tensions, rang-
ing from the deeply provocative actions
of North Korea, to the growing defense
budgets of leading nations in the region,
to the vexing maritime disputes that are
roiling relations in the South and East China
Seas. So even when the US is nally able to
devote more resources and attention to
Asia and that day is coming it will be
no picnic for American diplomacy.
Yet the most important fallacy in the
caricature has Asian nations hankering for
a rapid US withdrawal from the Middle East
and a refocusing of American attention on
Asian pursuits. This notion is demonstrably
wrong and misunderstands several criti-
cal trends and realities. For instance, Asian
nations have quietly built a substantial
stake in the furtherance of peace and
The refocus
on Asia, more
accurately,
was a clear
attempt to
step up our
game in a
region that
expects more
from the
United States.
Kurt
Campbell, chairman
and CEO of The
Asia Group, LLC
and member of the
Aspen Strategy
Group
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
THE CONVERSATION
stability across the Middle East and South
Asia in the past decade. One of the more
important contributions of the Bush adminis-
trations Asia policy was to recruit the rising
players of the East to play a more active
role helping address the challenges to their
west. For really the rst time, many Asian
nations developed an out-of-area per-
spective and became much more actively
engaged in the diplomacy, development
challenges, and security matters of the
Middle East and South Asia.
The results have been remarkable if less
well-known. Japan is the largest supporter
of elements of civil society in Afghanistan,
committing billions of dollars to schools,
civil servants, and training. South Korea has
used the resources from its newly estab-
lished aid agency to support develop-
ment efforts across the Middle East in the
wake of the Arab Spring. Even China has
been much more active in the behind-the-
scenes diplomacy aimed at constricting
Irans nuclear ambitions, addressing the
scourge of piracy on the high-seas, and
determining Afghanistans future.
These Asian nations have now invested
substantial political capital, nancial sup-
port, and, in some cases military forces over
the course of more than a decade. They
have a combined interest in seeing their
investments not go to waste and avoiding
a cut-and-run strategy that would under-
mine all that they have worked toward.
Then there is the matter of the growing
energy reliance of Asia on the nations of
the Persian Gulf. There is an uncompromis-
ing need on the part of every oil and gas
importer in Asia (i.e. all of Northeast Asia)
to see stability in the Middle East preserved
and strengthened.
Finally, there is the matter of American
power and prestige. A critical component
of US stature as a stabilizing power in Asia
is the underlying credibility of its commit-
ments. Can the US be trusted as a staunch
ally when the going gets tough? A prema-
ture and unceremonial exit from endur-
ing American interests in the Middle East
would raise unacceptable risks in the arena
of energy security, and, consequently,
economic growth, as well as Vietnam-like
memories across Asia.
Our country will continue with its pivot
or better, its rebalancing of strategic
equities to Asia. But it is in Americas pro-
found interests, as well as Asias, that this
process be undertaken responsibly. A para-
dox of the pivot: American attempts to
grow its power and prestige in Asia will be
judged in part by how it honors both endur-
ing American and Asian interests in the
Middle East. Still, while the American rebal-
ance is broadly supported across Asia
and perhaps as importantly across the
political spectrum in the United States
the policy faces a number of challenges as
it moves forward.
The reason why the term rebalance
is a better moniker for the policy is that it
suggests a process of continual adjust-
ment and ne-tuning, and this is exactly
what the circumstances in modern Asia
demand. A successful Asia strategy will
require effective and continual innovation,
bound by enduring constants and predict-
ability, but this will be a difcult balancing
act to maintain over time. This underscores
one of the central challenges of sustain-
ing Asia policy not money, warships,
or trade statistics, but people. After more
than a decade of war in the Middle East,
the US has trained and promoted an entire
generation of soldiers, diplomats, and intel-
ligence specialists on the arcana of ethnic
rivalry in Iraq, tribal differences in Afghani-
stan, post-conict reconstruction strate-
gies, special forces and drone tactics, and
on how to build civil-military cells for local
empowerment.
There has been no comparable effort
for developing a sustained Asian cadre of
expertise across the US government, and a
surprising number of senior government of-
cials make their maiden visits to the region
as cabinet ofcials and senior-most ofcials
(and near the end of their careers). It is
not reasonable to expect even the most
accomplished public servant to be able to
navigate the contours of Asias complexi-
ties without substantial prior experience.
It is also the case that the Asian pivot
will be buffeted by twin geographic pres-
sures coming at it simultaneously. On the
one hand, it will be difcult to transition
more time and attention to Asia, as long as
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
THE CONVERSATION
pressing foreign policy and security issues
continue to manifest themselves across the
Middle East. Syria, Egypt, Iran, Afghanistan,
Iraq, and the Middle East peace process all
require enormous, ongoing attention and
resources, taking badly needed focus from
Asia. On the other hand, there will be a
growing pressure to come home.
At the conclusion of every modern
American conict World War II, Korea,
Vietnam, the Cold War, and Gulf War I
there was a demonstrable gravitational pull
to come home from the ghting and focus
on domestic pursuits. The current winding
down from 13 years of war has triggered
similar insular dynamics. While the interna-
tionalist and strong defense strains in Ameri-
can politics in recent years have been
remarkably durable, there are emerging
subtle (and not so subtle) signs in Congress
that we indeed may be entering a new
era where a strong American engagement
abroad even in areas critical to our
economic wellbeing like Asia is called
into question.
The primary concern most often cited
about the sustainability of the pivot cen-
ters around the decreasing magnitude of
the defense budget and the prospects of
deep cuts. How can the US reassure allies
and dissuade provocation in the face of
diminishing defense budgets? In truth, the
defense challenges of Asia require more
American exibility regarding existing
spending than dramatic new allocations of
resources. For Asian contingencies and to
maintain an all important presence, the
US will need to shift its focus more toward
expeditionary air and naval capabilities,
while downsizing its ground forces.
This process will be challenging, but
necessary as the nation transitions to very
different kinds of missions from those of the
past decade. Such a comprehensive effort
will require substantial and sustained civilian
leadership and oversight at the Pentagon,
given the strong service and congressional
interests in play.
Until the launch of the pivot, with its
multidimensional qualities, Asian strategy
often will divide roughly into two camps:
the China at the epicenter cadre and
the alliance managers. The rst group,
strongly represented by the early archi-
tects of engagement, tends to see China
at the center of all Asian affairs and, in
ways, have emulated and reinforced the
tributary qualities that centuries of Chinese
emperors and statesmen have practiced.
The second group of alliance managers
are perhaps more circumspect about what
can be expected in terms of relations with
China in the longer run and, instead, place
their focus on maintaining strong alliances,
preferring to use these security partner-
ships to engage on challenges across the
region.
The philosophy behind the pivot rep-
resents an evolution in American stra-
tegic thinking, combining elements of
both schools, but focusing more also on
Southeast Asia, Indias position in the Asia
equation, drawing European nations more
into the effort, the critical role of nascent
institutions, and a deeper recognition
of the role of economic rebalancing
between the US and Asia. Still, at the core,
there are subtle tensions around the kinds
of conversations necessary with China.
There is hope that we will settle on a 21st
century approach that highlights shared
interests and cooperation in sustaining
Asias operating system of freedom
of navigation, open trade, legal norms,
and maintenance of peace and stability,
rather than engaging in a secretive 19th
century conception of spheres of interest
and territorial tensions.
Ultimately, Americas Asia destiny rests
primarily with the president and a handful
of his or her advisors. Showing up to meet-
ings, contributing to building Asias new
architecture, an openness to innovation,
standing by our values, promoting business
and trade, giving Asians face through
personal interactions, maintaining our
security presence, avoiding provocative
behavior, and taking engagement with
China seriously are all essential elements
of a successful US strategy going forward.
Given the respective issues, getting the
right balance will be challenging. It will
require several administrations to navigate
to a more equitable distribution of time
and resources between the Middle East
and Asia, and to explain to and convince
A premature
and
unceremonial
exit from
enduring
American
interests in the
Middle East
would raise
unacceptable
risks in
the arena
of energy
security, and
consequently,
economic
growth, as well
as Vietnam-
like memories
across Asia.
Campbell
the American public that Asia is indeed
our destiny and that we have little choice
but to engage fully. The very destiny of our
nation depends on it.
This piece was excerpted from the Aspen
Strategy Groups newest publication, The
Future of American Defense, which was
printed following its 2013 summer confer-
ence and is available for download at
www.aspeninstitute.com/publications. A
Kurt Campbell serves as chairman and CEO of
The Asia Group, LLC, a strategic advisory and
investment group. He is also the co-chairman of
the Center for a New American Security and is a
columnist for the Financial Times. From 2009 to 2013
he served as assistant secretary of state for East Asia
and Pacic Affairs. For his service at the Depart-
ment, he received the Distinguished Service Medal
from Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. Previously,
he was senior vice president and Kissinger chair at
the Center for Strategic and International Studies,
associate professor of public policy at Harvards
John F. Kennedy School of Government, and was
the director of the Aspen Strategy Group. In previ-
ous stints in government he served as a White House
Fellow at the Department of Treasury, director on
the National Security Staff, special assistant to the
Joint Chiefs of Staff, and as the deputy assistant
secretary of Defense for East Asia and the Pacic
at the Pentagon. He is a former ofcer in the US
Navy and was the vice chairman of the Pentagon
Memorial Fund. Campbell is the author or editor of
eight books, more than 100 articles, and is currently
writing a book titled The Pivot: Americas Rediscov-
ery of the Asia-Pacic Century. Campbell received
his BA from the University of California, San Diego,
certicate in music and politics from the University of
Erevan in Soviet Armenia, and DPhil in international
relations from Brasenose College, Oxford, where
he was a Marshall Scholar. He is married to Lael
Brainard, the under secretary of the Treasury, and
they have three girls, Caelan, Ciara, and Coco.
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THE CONVERSATION
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THE CONVERSATION
Individual Liberties
GERSON: Justice Marshall, you wrote over
300 opinions, [but] Id like to go back to
2003 and when you wrote [the Goodridge]
opinion for the court, nding a right in the
Massachusetts constitution for gay mar-
riage. You were criticized pretty strongly
from all quarters: from the Massachusetts
legislature, from the governors ofce. I think
the governor was one Mitt Romney at the
time.
MARSHALL: I probably wasnt as prepared
as I might have been, not so much for the
Massachusetts reaction where, believe
me, I had come in for a lot of criticism. As
a strong believer in the First Amendment,
I think judges, who are all members of our
government, can be criticized along with
everybody else. We are different in that
regard from most other countries. What I
had not anticipated was the reaction from
around the country and around the world.
Although I was criticized, the opinion was
also praised, and I just hadnt anticipate d
that ... state court judges, we dont think we
are going to make national and interna-
tional news on the scale of the response to
Goodridge.
GERSON: Youve written about the Supreme
Court in a global context and the topic
of whether or not foreign law and foreign
judgments should inform American courts.
What kind of effect do you think that opin-
ion might have in other countries?
MARSHALL: From my point of view, when I
was sitting on the Supreme Judicial Court,
I always enjoyed looking at what other
courts that are now functioning under our
system were doing. It was very helpful to
me to look at judgments. Did I follow them?
Were they precedential? Of course not. But,
it was helpful.
On the Supreme Court ruling on the US
v. Windsor case, which struck down the
Defense of Marriage Act.
BREYER: Our question was: Is a federal law
in this area of marriage which really goes
through a thousand statutes and deprives
people who are lawfully married who are
gay of federal benets, such as $300,000 in
tax deductions is that consistent with the
Constitution of the United States. They will
see there is a great deal of emphasis in that
opinion on the fact that it is primarily up to
states to dene what marriage is. Law in the
United States is primarily a matter of state
law. Of course marriage law is 99 percent
state. If you want to make a difference in
your community, dont read the headlines
in the New York Times and the [Washington]
Post, which are about the Supreme Court of
the United States. Go nd out whats actu-
ally happening in the law, and go back to
your communities and work there.
GERSON: I wonder what you see as the
implications, Justice Marshall, no longer
being a sitting judge about issues like
national surveillance or detention at
Guantanamo Bay.
T
he Institutes Justice and Society Program hosted
the annual Susman Conversation, underwritten by
Ellen Susman, in honor of her husband, Steve. The
conversation featured Hon. Margaret Marshall, who
served as the chief justice of the Massachusetts Supreme
Judicial Court (19992010), and Hon. Stephen Breyer,
Associate Justice, US Supreme Court. In an engaging
dialogue, moderated by Institute Executive Vice President
Elliot Gerson, the pair discussed gay marriage, national
security, and afrmative action.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
THE CONVERSATION
MARSHALL: I grew up in South Africa during
the apartheid years, and almost everything
that I detested was done in the name of
national security. The reason why people
were banned, the reason why people were
put into prison, the reason why people
disappeared in the middle of the night
was because the South African govern-
ment articulated that it was necessary to
maintain national security. So I think I bring
to my view of the world a sense that you
have to really test that and test it all of the
time. I think what has made this country
such a great country is transparency in our
government.
BREYER: If you look at many of the protec-
tions of human rights, for example, it says no
unreasonable searches and seizures. What
is unreasonable? If somebody is building a
bomb or something, it might be quite differ-
ent than if they are not. When you see an
ordinary protection being diluted because
of war time, Guantanamo, or World War II
and the Germans in prison camps, and so
forth or the ones who landed in the sub-
marines, the rst question [is], Why? The
judges ask it, and the lawyers ask it. And the
government better come up with a good
answer. If the government says, Im sorry;
its a secret, hey, there are ways around
that.
You can have them show it to the judges
privately. We cant even let the other
lawyer in. Okay, prove it to us. And if you
cant, okay, still better to have the judge
looking at it. There are ways.
And the second question is, Why not? If
they show why, then the lawyer says, Hey,
why not do it this way, which is [how] you
get to your obstacle. You can build the
wall across Jerusalem, says Aharon Barak,
the chief justice. Build the wall. Okay. But
build it so you dont shut out the Arabs on
these farms over here from getting their
water supply. Why not do it that way? And
those two questions why and why not
are very powerful questions.
MARSHALL: And his two questions are
dependent on what? Access to a lawyer.
And I would say that the thing I feared
most in South Africa is that I would be
arrested and I would not have access to a
lawyer. There is something terribly impor-
tant about the adversarial process.
GERSON: Nelson Mandela has been on
everyones mind around the globe, and
you obviously knew him and knew him well.
Is there an episode or an anecdote that
you could share with us that evokes him in
your mind?
MARSHALL: After South Africa had been
through the constitutional process and
Nelson Mandela was then president, there
was a case brought against the African
National Congress, his party, overwhelming
majority party, to the brand-new Constitu-
tional Court in South Africa. The court ruled
against the African National Congress and
President Mandela. And it was a stunning
political defeat for Mandela. He went out
onto the steps of parliament the next day,
and he said, Today is a victory for all South
Africans because it shows that even if you
are a powerful political party, the rule of
law will prevail.
We know that he is a man of great
dignity and generosity, but, for me, to be
a political leader in a very difcult con-
stitutional situation, that was a fabulous
moment.
GERSON: One case that the media seemed
to dismiss as insignicant because the
court just threw it back was the afrma-
tive action case, and I dont think thats
how you view it, as insignicant.
BREYER: There are two views of the constitu-
tion in that area. One view is that the 14th
Amendment which says, equal protec-
tion of the law means that the Constitu-
tion is colorblind. That means you cannot
discriminate in favor or against on the basis
of race.
The other view, which is closer to my own
way of thinking, is that the 14th Amend-
ment was put there to bring people into
our society who had previously not been
there. There is a big difference between a
law that mentions color or race where its
trying to be inclusive and bring people into
the society on the basis of equality, than
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THE CONVERSATION
a law that is exclusive, which was called
segregation.
You can have afrmative action. Its
positive. Its inclusive. But be careful. No
quotas, et cetera. An earlier Supreme Court
precedent was picked up in a case called
Grutter, where I was in the majority.
Now, the case comes up again, the
same issue, out of Texas, and what will the
court do? Seven members of the court said
Grutter is the law. That was my view.
GERSON: You said the other night you dont
like being in the minority. Are there times
where you actually think it might be better
even though you feel passionately about
an issue to join the majority to be able to
inuence the decision?
BREYER: Nobody likes to make an unprin-
cipled decision. The way I think about it
is the following: The constitution is not the
Constitution according to me or accord-
ing to any other individual judge. An
interpretation is not an interpretation by
an individual judge. We wear black robes
to symbolize, in my view, the anonymity
of the law. Its what the court says that
matters. The court is made up of individu-
als who have somewhat different views
of what the law is. You try your best to
produce an opinion that will reect the
views of the court. In many, many cases a
judge is put in the position of, Can I agree
to this? Other people think its right. What
changes have to be made? It is, in a
sense, negotiation. And sometimes, judges
might spend two months writing one of the
greatest dissents ever written, and theyll
swallow it in order to get their way enough
for the other judges to get them to join.
ELLEN SUSMAN (from the audience): What
is it like being on each side, and what is the
relationship between the justices?
BREYER: We all know that we are not going
to agree about everything. ... Ive never
heard a voice raised in anger in that con-
ference room. You state your point of view
and its professional; its collegial. Between
the dissent and the majority, Id rather be
in the majority. But the dissent performs an
important function. The rst thing the dissent
does is it improves the majority. Sometimes
it switches the whole court. If somebody in
the dissent makes a good point, you read
that dissent and say Im going to change
my opinion. And you never see the best
points the dissents make because theyve
been written out of the majority so that
there is no need to make that dissenting
point anymore.
What you are seeing, of course are the
failed dissents. You are seeing those that
did not change peoples minds enough,
and still theyll serve a purpose. It will affect
something else. I think its a very, very help-
ful process of having those dissents and
having time to think about what you are
going to say and revising it and revising it
again and again and again.
GERSON: Justice Breyer, I think Im right in
thinking that after another year, you will
have served on the court for 20 years. Have
your views about the court and its role
changed over those 20 years?
BREYER: Justice Byron White said that with
each new appointment, it is a different
court. Its different people. They bring dif-
ferent skills and different attitudes to the
table. You just count the number of times
you read in The New York Times or The
Washington Post, in an unusual grouping
of ve and four. Well, the unusual threatens
to become the usual. Its not always the
same ve and the same four. But in some
issues, it is. For example, Justice Antonin
Scalia and I often do not agree. Why not?
I dont think its because he worked for
Republican administrations and I worked for
a Democratic senator. I think that he takes
an attitude toward law, which is law should
be particularly at the Supreme Court
level made up of rules that people can
understand and try to get the clear rule.
And hes uncomfortable when you cant
come up with a clear rule. A lot of what
he writes is affected by that. And there is
a point to what he says. Im much more
comfortable with a mess in a sense. I think
life is complicated, lled with differences. So
it doesnt bother me so much not to have
an absolutely clear rule. A
////
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////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
THE CONVERSATION
Education Is Power
DOERR: You were drawn to this by expe-
riences with your cousin, right? What
did you learn from tutoring Nadia that
informed this work?
KHAN: Nadia was, by all measures a
good student. She went to a good school
in New Orleans; she for the most part
was an A student. It was pretty shocking
to me when I found out that Nadia was
having trouble in math and that shes
being placed into a slower math track.
When I talked to Nadia about it, I asked
whats going on, and it was unit conver-
sion. What I realized when I started work-
ing with her over the phone is that she
had all of these gaps in her knowledge.
When you get a B, thats 10 percent you
didnt know, and then the system kind of
moves you forward. At some point, even
with unit conversion because of this one
gap in her knowledge, she was being
tracked into a slower track. Even good
students have these gaps. The other thing
that I learned is that that same young
woman who thought that she was no
good at math, if you worked with her
really intensely for about a month, she
got unit conversion, but then she started
to catch up. And then, frankly, she got a
little ahead.
DOERR: My understanding is, as gener-
ous as it was, she really didnt want you
teaching her online in real-time.
KHAN: I tried my best when I was with
my cousins to be nonjudgmental, to go
at whatever pace they wanted. But you
have got to imagine the pressure they
feel when someone says, Do you get it;
do you understand it? Who knows where
their mind is. Who knows what else they
have to do. And so, now, when they were
able to get the videos, they could watch
it at midnight. Theyre in control. No ones
judging them. They could watch it 50
times if they need to.
DOERR: Sal, are you just interested in
everything? Do you have a passion for
learning?
KHAN: People often make it like this was
a very huge change that I did, going
from the hedge-fund world into what I
do now. In some ways they are different,
yes. But the one commonality and this
is what drew me to my previous career
was that that job really was about trying
to understand the world. You know, the
same morning I might talk to the larg-
est egg producer in the country, then a
O
ne of two honorees at the Institutes 20th
Annual Summer Celebration was
Salman Khan, author of The One World
Schoolhouse: Education Reimagined, and
founder of the Khan Academy, an online database of
educational videos. Khan launched the website after
successfully tutoring a host of relatives and learning of
gaps in the traditional education process. The website,
funded in part by Bill Gates, has grown to thousands of
videos, with millions of users worldwide. Before receiv-
ing his award, Khan sat down with Trustee John Doerr of
Kleiner Perkins Caueld and Byers and an investor in the
academy to talk about the future of education.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
THE CONVERSATION
software company, then a biotech rm,
then a railroad company, and youre try-
ing to gure out how to connect the dots
between all of them. But the commonal-
ity is you have got to learn about every-
thing. The fun for me is that now I feel like
I do have the best job on the planet. I go
in the morning, and I learn new things,
and I try to communicate them.
DOERR: You have some global partner-
ships, right?
KHAN: I told Google the same things that
I told the Gates Foundation lets put an
interactive platform; lets have diagnos-
tics; lets use analytics to actually prove
whats working, and whats not. I said it
also might be pretty cool if we interna-
tionalized the site. So we started translat-
ing the videos two years ago. Now we
are starting to actually internationalize
the platform itself. Were working with the
Carlos Slim Foundation in Latin America.
In the next couple of weeks youre going
to see a fully Spanish Khan Academy.
Shortly after that, a fully Brazilian a
Portuguese Khan Academy, and then
Arabic, Hindi, Mandarin, and on and on.
DOERR: Is Khan Academy meant to be
supplemental or mainstream education?
And whats going on in classrooms as a
consequence of that? How does a class-
room or a teachers work change when
theyre embracing Khan?
KHAN: I see us as competing with the tools
for the classroom. I think we could be a
very important core tool for a teacher.
In a traditional model, the one most of
us grew up in, you know, were grouped
by age, you have lecture-homework,
lecture-homework, lecture-homework
homework usually doing on your own. Its
kind of a passive experience. On that test,
you get an A; I get a B; he gets an A; you
know, she gets a C. Even though that test
identies those gaps in the learning you
move on to the next concept. So you
didnt know 20 percent of exponents, too
bad, lets now move on to negative expo-
nents; move right on down.
DOERR: What does Khan change about
that model?
KHAN: The gold standard was always to
personalize education, to let people go
at their own pace, to master concepts
before moving on, to make the classroom
not about this information dissemination
through a lecture, but to make it problem-
solving and interaction-based. But before
technology, there was no way to actually
do that. The real gold standard is what
the nobility had 400 years ago. You have
an army of personal tutors who cater to
your needs. But thats what computers
are good at information dissemina-
tion, coordination. Theyre good at giving
people data so that the teacher can walk
into a room, not give the same lecture
that he or shes been giving, but look at a
report, see whos strong at something, let
them move ahead, see who needs help,
allow students to pair up with each other,
get real data on what interventions are
actually working versus not working. The
key thing here is, then every moment of a
teachers time isnt spent grading home-
work; it isnt spent lecturing. Its actually
interacting with students. We say youre
optimizing not the student-to-teacher
ratio, youre optimizing the student-to-
valuable-time-with-the-teacher ratio.
DOERR: Whats your vision for Khan Acad-
emy in the next 10 to 15 years?
KHAN: Well, you know, I think the most
important thing for us is we just have to
make sure that math is just thoroughly,
comprehensively done really, really, really
well. As part of that, were already super-
focused on implementing the Common
Core at a deep level. Common Core is
a really good mathematics standard. Its
really deep. Its really measuring whether
students understand it. And so we say, this
is the standard that we want to build for.
Its really good that 42 states are going to
adopt it as an opportunity for us because
when that adoption happens next fall,
its going to lead to a lot of confusion. We
can go out there and give a reference
curriculum; we can give reference tools;
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We say youre
optimizing
not the student-
to-teacher
ratio, youre
optimizing
the student-
to-valuable-
time-with-the-
teacher ratio.
Salman Khan,
founder of the Khan
Academy
DOERR
KHAN
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
THE CONVERSATION
we can get to the point where a teacher
can just at any point in his or her class
look at a diagnostic and understand how
students line up against Common Core
standards.
DOERR: Is the rest of the worlds education
system a lot like the US or a lot different,
and what does that mean for Khan?
KHAN: The funny thing is whenever we
compare ourselves against the rest of
the world, theres this urgency. Were
right behind the Estonians in factoring
polynomials.
There tends to be this, oh, America is
going to lose its primacy. Im actually less
worried about that because one thing I
point out is that the amount of innovation
thats happening in America is getting
more and more focused. And so you worry
about equity, and you worry about access.
Theres another element here, with some of
the work thats been happening in Mongo-
lia. Theres some incredible kids out there
who just need an outlet and who need to
be identied. And were already seeing this
in the data. This young woman from Mon-
golia sent me a video; her name is Zaya,
and its kind of a thank-you video. I imme-
diately assume she must be middle class,
upper middle class if she has access to
the Internet; she speaks English quite well.
I read the text of her email and it turns out
there was a group of engineers from Cisco
Systems who were going out to Mongolia
and setting up computer labs in orphan-
ages. She was one of the orphans who
started using Khan Academy. Now shes
17 years old, and shes our No. 1 creator of
content in the Mongolian language.
DOERR: Whats your vision for education in
2060 50 years from now?
KHAN: Education has historically been
the key determinant of the haves and
the have-nots. That thing that was very
scarce, we can start to give more and
more broadly. In the past, when we
thought about charity, we always said,
What does the middle class have or
what does the upper middle class have?
But thats expensive. Lets create a
cheap approximation for the kids in India
or the kids in Africa, wherever they might
be. Whats exciting about this world
were getting into is its a world where
an orphan in Mongolia will be using
the exact same tools as Bill Gates chil-
dren. Imagine what happens if we can
increase the number of people on the
planet who understand quantum physics
by a factor of 10, the number of people
on the planet who are capable of under-
standing how proteins fold by a factor
of 10. We can literally accelerate every
other aspect of whats going on. A
Whats
exciting about
this world
were getting
into is its a
world where
an orphan
in Mongolia
will be using
the exact
same tools
as Bill Gates
children.
Khan
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
INTERNATIONAL ASPEN
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INTERNATIONAL ASPEN
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INTERNATIONAL ASPEN
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FACES
FROM TOP LEFT: 1. Institute Trustees TeleSoft Partners Founder Arjun Gupta, The Estee Lauder Companies Chairman
Leonard Lauder, and Park Avenue Equity Partners Bill Mayer 2. New York Times columnist Tom Friedman and former
US Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson 3. Institute Trustee Patrick Gross with Aspen Center for Integral Health Founder
Glenda Greenwald 4. Institute Chairman of the Board Bob Steel, Delta Air Lines Vice Chairman Roy Bostock, and
Institute Trustee David McCormick 5. Woodrow Wilson Center President Jane Harman with US Senator Dianne
Feinstein 6. Institute Trustee Ann B. Friedman 7. Institute Trustees Condoleezza Rice and Fred Malek 8. Institute
Trustee and Insight Venture Partners Co-Founder Jerry Murdock with University of Southern California visiting scholar
John Seely Brown and his wife, Susan Haviland 9. Institute Trustee and Kleiner Perkins Caueld & Byers Partner John
Doerr, Khan Academy founder Sal Khan, and Khan Academy Board Member Ann Doerr
SUMMER CELEBRATION 2013
1 3
4 5 6
9 7
2
8
Photography by Hal Williams and Nick Tininenko
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FACES
MADELEINE K. ALBRIGHT GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT LECTURE
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2013 ASPEN IDEAS FESTIVAL
Aspen Ideas Festival Photography by Daniel Bayer, Michael Brands, and Riccardo Savi; Albright Photography by Daniel Bayer
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FROM TOP LEFT: 1. Afghanistans School of Leadership Co-founder Shabana Basij-Rasikh 2. Americans for
Responsible Solutions Founder Gabrielle Giffords with students 3. Sing for Hope Co-founder Camille Zamora
4. Rhodes Scholar Julian Baird Gewirtz, Markle Foundation President and Homeland Security Group member
Zo Baird Budinger, and her husband, Institute Trustee and Rodel, Inc. Founder Bill Budinger 5. New York Times
Washington Bureau Chief David Leonhardt 6. University of Pennsylvania Vice Provost Ezekiel Emanuel, Dr. Bill
Resnick, and Business Affairs consultant Michael Stubbs
FROM LEFT: 7. Standard Chartered Banks Viswanathan Shankar and Center for American Progress Chair John
Podesta 8. Hite Capital Management Founder Larry Hite and his wife, Sharon Hite 9. Partners In Health Co-founder
and featured speaker Paul Farmer
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
FACES
FROM TOP LEFT: 1. US Special Operations Command Commander Adm. William McRaven and outgoing National
Security Agency Director and US Cyber Command Commander Gen. Keith Alexander 2. Former Director of National
Security Adm. Dennis Blair (Ret.), Deputy Undersecretary of Homeland Security Suzanne Spaulding, and IBMs
Bill Donellan 3. Deputy Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter, Novitas Group CEO Chris Taylor, CBS News National
Correspondent Dan Raviv, and Live Media founder Tina Brown 4. NBC News Chief Justice Correspondent Pete
Williams, former National Counterterrorism Center Director and Aspen Homeland Security Group member Michael
Leiter, and Transportation Security Administrator John Pistole 5. Manhunt author and Aspen Homeland Security
Group member Peter Bergen with Manhunt Director and Producer Greg Barker 6. Aspen Homeland Security Group
members former FBI and CIA Director William Webster and former Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating
Terrorism Juan Zarate 7. NPR Counterterrorism Correspondent Dina Temple-Raston with Aspen Homeland Security
Group member and former Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs PJ Crowley 8. Former 9/11 Commissioner
and Aspen Homeland Security Group member Richard Ben-Veniste and Homeland Security Program Director Clark
Ervin 9. CNN Anchor Wolf Blitzer and former US Central Command Commander Gen. James Mattis (Ret.)
2013 ASPEN SECURITY FORUM
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Photography by Daniel Bayer
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FACES
FROM TOP LEFT: 1. Central America Leadership Initiative Fellows Fundacion Transicion a la Vida Director Patricia
Planells and Walmart Mexico and Central America Corporate Affairs Manager Mey Hung 2. Roll Global Chairman
and owner Stewart Resnick with Aspen-Pahara Fellow and Accelerate Institute CEO Robert Birdsell 3. Catto Fellow
and Nonprot Finance Fund Director Maria Blair, senior moderator Keith Berwick, and Africa Leadership Initiative-
South Africa Fellow and composer Neo Muyanga 4. Institute Trustee and LBL Foundation for Children President Olara
Otunnu and Africa Leadership Initiative-West Africa Fellow and Ashesi University College in Ghana Founder and
President Patrick Awuah 5. Vanguard board member Lauren Elston, Institute Trustee Bonnie McCloskey, Alexandra
Araujo de Sola, and Central American Fellow Glasswing International Co-founder Diego de Sola 6. Attorney Joe
Lazaroff, Henry Crown Fellows Pendergast Partners Founder Kim Pendergast and The Studio Museum in Harlem
Director Thelma Golden 7. Aspen Institute President and CEO Walter Isaacson and Institute Trustee Roll Global
Vice Chairman Lynda Resnick 8. Central American Fellows and Universidad Veritas Vice President Aurelia Garrido,
Grupo E&N founder Carmen Irene Alas, New York Times columnist Tom Friedman, and Professor Sabrina Bacal
FELLOWS CONVERGE AT THE ASPEN ACTION FORUM
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Photography by Daniel Bayer
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FACES
1. Society of Fellows member and AFI managing partner Tarek Farouki with his sister Dana Farouki 2. Google Ideas
Director Jared Cohen 3. Institute Trustee and TeleSoft Partners Founder Arjun Gupta 4. Society of Fellows member
and Lauder Partners General Partner Laura Lauder with Tanzanian legislator Zitto Kabwe
1 3 4 2
Photography by Emily Chaplin and Chris Council
SUMMER SOCRATES BRIDGES THE GENERATION GAP
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
ASPEN INSTITUTE FACTS
HOW TO SIGN UP For more information, contact the
individual programs listed above.
The Aspen Seminar
The Aspen Seminar on
Leadership, Values, and
the Good Society chal-
lenges leaders in every
field to think more criti-
cally and deeply about
their impact on the world
in a moderated, text-
based Socratic dialogue.
aspenseminar
Alumni Seminar:
Leadership and Character
Alumni Seminars allow
former Aspen Seminar
participants to continue
addressing the compet-
ing tensions that form
their internal moral
compasses.
aspenseminar
International Seminars
Seminars organized in
cooperation with our
international partners in
Spain, Italy, Romania,
Germany, and India
address personal and
professional leadership
issues in a local, regional,
and international context.
aspenseminar
Seminars:
Seminars help participants reflect on
what they think makes a good society,
thereby deepening knowledge,
broadening perspectives, and
enhancing their capacity to solve the
problems leaders face.
Justice and Society
This seminar brings
together individuals from
diverse backgrounds
to discuss what justice
means and how a just
society ought to deal
with issues ranging from
criminal justice to entitle-
ments in dialogue, led by
preeminent judges and
law professors.
www.aspeninstitute.org/jss
The Socrates Program
The Socrates Program
provides a forum for
emerging leaders
(ages approximately
2845) from a wide
range of professions to
explore contemporary
issues through expert-
moderated roundtable
dialogue.
www.aspeninstitute.org/socrates
Philanthropy Seminar
The Philanthropy Seminar
is a collaboration with
the Global Philanthropy
Forum where principals
of family foundations,
individual philanthropists,
and CEOs of private and
corporate foundations
seek a meaningful and
substantive exploration
of philanthropic values
and effective strategies.
www.aspeninstitute.org/psi
Racial Equity and Society
Racial Equity and Soci-
ety Seminars provide
an opportunity for par-
ticipants to immerse
themselves in readings,
study, and dialogue on
issues of race, ethnicity,
and equity in the United
States.
www.aspeninstitute.org/rcc
Wye Faculty Programs
In a longstanding col-
laboration with Asso-
ciation of American
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Colleges and Universities,
these seminars engage
faculty, senior aca-
demic administrators,
and college presidents
in an exchange of ideas
about liberal arts educa-
tion, citizenship, and the
global polity.
aspenseminar
Custom Seminars
Custom Seminars enable
organizations and com-
panies to develop one-
day to multiday seminars
relevant to their day-to-
day operations.
aspenseminar
SOCRATES PARTICIPANTS ENGAGED IN THE TRADITIONAL ASPEN SEMINAR TO SPEAK
ABOUT ISSUES OF THE DAY AND THEIR OWN PLACE IN BUILDING THE GOOD SOCIETY.
///// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Policy Programs:
Policy programs and initiatives serve
as nonpartisan forums for analysis,
consensus-building, and problem-solving
on a wide variety of issues.
ADS Works
www.aspeninstitute.org/adsworks
Agent Orange in
Vietnam Program
agentorangeprogram
Ascend
www.aspeninstitute.org/ascend
Aspen Institute Franklin
Project
franklin-project
Aspen Network of
Development
Entrepreneurs
www.aspeninstitute.org/ande
Aspen Planning and
Evaluation Program
www.aspeninstitute.org/apep
Aspen Strategy Group
www.aspeninstitute.org/asg
Business and Society
Program
www.aspeninstitute.org/bsp
Center for Native
American Youth
www.centerfornativeamerican
youth.org
College Excellence
Program
www.aspeninstitute.org/cep
Communications and
Society Program
www.aspeninstitute.org/c&s
Community Strategies
Group
www.aspeninstitute.org/csg
Congressional Program
congressional
Economic Opportunities
Program
www.aspeninstitute.org/eop
Education and
Society Program
www.aspeninstitute.org/education
Energy and
Environment Program
www.aspeninstitute.org/ee
Forum for Community
Solutions
www.aspeninstitute.org/solutions
Global Alliances Program
www.aspeninstitute.org/gap
Global Health and
Development
www.aspeninstitute.org/ghd
Global Initiative on Culture
and Society
cultureandsociety
Health, Biomedical
Science, and Society
Initiative
www.aspeninstitute.org/health
Homeland Security
Program
www.aspeninstitute.org/security
Initiative on Financial
Security
www.aspeninstitute.org/ifs
Initiative on Global Food
Security
foodsecurity
Justice and Society
Program
www.aspeninstitute.org/justice
Manufacturing and Society
in the 21st Century
www.aspeninstitute.org/mfg
Middle East Programs
www.aspeninstitute.org/mideast
Program on
Philanthropy and
Social Innovation
www.aspeninstitute.org/psi
Program on the
World Economy
www.aspeninstitute.org/pwe
Roundtable on
Community Change
www.aspeninstitute.org/rcc
Sports and Society
www.sportsandsociety.org
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MIDDLE EAST PROGRAMS PARTNERS FOR A NEW BEGINNING CONVENED A
DISCUSSION ON ENGAGING THE NEXT GENERATION OF MOROCCAN LEADERS.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////
Public Programs:
Public conferences and events provide
a commons for people to share ideas.
Aspen Ideas Festival
This weeklong, large-scale
public event co-hosted
by The Atlantic brings
some of the worlds
brightest minds and
leaders to Aspen every
summer for enlightened
dialogue on the planets
most pressing issues.
www.aspenideas.org
Washington Ideas Forum
Presented in partnership
with The Atlantic and
the Newseum, this Wash-
ington, DC-based event
features leading figures
in public policy discussing
the most important issues
of the day.
New York Ideas
The Institute and The
Atlantic host an annual
event featuring cutting-
edge innovators in
discussion on the state
of the global business
landscape.
Cultural Diplomacy Forum
Convenings bring
together distinguished
professionals from diverse
backgrounds to discuss
the importance of culture
in socioeconomic devel-
opment, international
relations, and global
security, and to seed new
initiatives.
cultureandsociety
Aspen Writers Foundation
Throughout the year, the
Aspen Writers Foundation
encourages writers in their
craft and readers in their
appreciation of literature
by hosting festivals, read-
ings, and other literary
exchanges.
www.aspenwriters.org
Aspen Security Forum
On the Institutes cam-
pus in Aspen, the Aspen
Security Forum convenes
leaders in government,
industry, media, think
tanks, and academia to
explore key homeland
security and counter-
terrorism issues.
www.aspensecurityforum.org
The Aspen Challenge
With the Bezos Family
Foundation, the Aspen
Challenge provides a
platform, inspiration, and
tools for young people to
design solutions to some
of the most critical and
complicated problems
our society faces.
www.theaspenchallenge.org
The Aspen Institute
Arts Program
The Arts Program was
established to support
and invigorate the arts
in America and to return
the arts to the Institutes
Great Conversation.
It brings together artists,
advocates, educators,
managers, foundations,
and government officials
to exchange ideas and
develop policies that
strengthen the reciprocal
relationship between the
arts and society.
www.aspeninstitute.org/artsprogram
Aspen Community
Programs
The Institute offers resi-
dents of Aspen and the
surrounding Roaring Fork
Valley communities a vari-
ety of programs through-
out the year, including
speaker series, commu-
nity seminars, and film
screenings.
www.aspeninstitute.org/aspenevents
Ongoing Programs
in Washington, DC
From September through
June, the Institutes DC
headquarters hosts the
Alma and Joseph Gilden-
horn Book Series, featur-
ing discussions with major
recent authors. Concur-
rently, the Washington
Ideas Roundtable Series
focuses on world affairs,
arts, and culture.
www.aspeninstitute.org/events
Ongoing Programs
in New York
The Institute hosts a variety
of programs in New York
City, from book talks and
benefits to roundtable dis-
cussions, forums, and the
Tisch Illumination series.
www.aspeninstitute.org/newyork
THIS SUMMER, THE ASPEN COMMUNITY WAS INVITED TO ATTEND A PANEL ON
NATIONAL SERVICE FEATURING AUTHOR WES MOORE, NEW ORLEANS MAYOR MITCH
LANDRIEU, AND GLOBAL HEALTH CORPS FOUNDER BARBARA BUSH.
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Leadership
Programs:
The Institute cultivates up-and-coming
leaders committed to tackling the
great challenges of our times. Spanning
various regions and issue areas, we host
17 different Fellowships. See below and
consider nominating an outstanding
individual for a program appropriate to
his or her ambition.
Each Aspen Global Leadership Network program,
inspired by the Henry Crown Fellowship Program, is
developing a new generation of civically engaged
men and women by encouraging them to move
from success to significance and to apply their
entrepreneurial talents to addressing the foremost
challenges of their organizations, communities, and
countries. Today, there are nearly 1,700 Fellows in
46 countries.
THE ASPEN GLOBAL LEADERSHIP NETWORK
The Henry Crown
Fellowship Program
The flagship leadership
program
www.aspeninstitute.org/crown
The Africa Leadership
Initiative (ALI)/East Africa
Tanzania, Uganda,
Rwanda, and Kenya
www.aspeninstitute.org/ali
Initiative (ALI)/
Mozambique
Initiative (ALI)/South Africa
The Catto Fellowship
Program
Environmental leaders
www.aspeninstitute.org/catto
The Central America
Leadership Initiative (CALI)
Guatemala, Honduras,
Costa Rica, Panama,
Nicaragua, El Salvador
www.aspeninstitute.org/cali
The China Fellowship
Program
www.aspeninstitute.org/china
The India Leadership
Initiative (ILI)
www.aspeninstitute.org/ili
The Liberty Fellowship
Program
South Carolina
www.aspeninstitute.org/liberty
The Middle East Leadership
Initiative (MELI)
www.aspeninstitute.org/meli
Pahara-Aspen Education
Fellowship
Entrepreneurial leaders
for public education
www.pahara.org
POLICY LEADERSHIP
PROGRAMS
The Ascend Fellowship
Founded by the Institutes
Ascend Program, the
Ascend Fellowship targets
diverse pioneers paving
new pathways that break
the cycle of intergenera-
tional poverty.
www.aspeninstitute.org/ascend
First Movers Fellowship
Founded by the Insti-
tutes Business and Soci-
ety Program, the First
Movers Fellowship seeks
to help the business com-
munity live up to its full
potential as a vehicle for
positive social change.
www.aspeninstitute.org/firstmovers
New Voices Fellowship
Founded by the
Institutes Global Health
and Development
Program, the New Voices
Fellowship will cultivate
compelling experts to
speak on development
issues.
www.aspeninstitute.org/newvoices
Initiative (ALI)/West Africa
Ghana and Nigeria
The Aspen Institute-Rodel
Fellowships in Public
Leadership
American-elected leaders
in government
www.aspeninstitute.org/rodel
The Aspen Teacher-Leader
Fellowship Program
teacherleaders
FELLOWS FROM THE ASPEN GLOBAL LEADERSHIP NETWORK MEET FOLLOWING A
SEMINAR ON THE ASPEN MEADOWS CAMPUS.
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CONTACT US
Get In Touch With The Institute
Seminars
Director
Todd Breyfogle
(202) 341-7803
todd.breyfogle@
aspeninstitute.org
www.aspeninstitute.org/seminars
Henry Crown
Fellowship Program
Vice President,
Managing Director of
Henry Crown
Fellowship Program
Eric L. Motley
(202) 736-2900
eric.motley@
aspeninstitute.org
www.aspeninstitute.org/crown
Donations, Special Events,
and Benefits
Senior Development
Manager
Leah Bitounis
(202) 736-2289
leah.bitounis@
aspeninstitute.org
Aspen Global
Leadership Network
Vice President,
Deputy Director of
Leadership Initiatives
Abigail Golden-Vazquez
(202) 736-2537
abigail.goldenvazquez@
aspeninstitute.org
leadership
Aspen Community
Programs
Director
Cristal Logan
(970) 544-7929
cristal.logan@
aspeninstitute.org
community
Public Programs
Vice President
Aspen Ideas Festival
Kitty Boone
(970) 544-7926
kitty.boone@
aspeninstitute.org
www.aspenideas.org
Vice President
Jamie Miller
(202) 736-1075
jamie.miller@
aspeninstitute.org
Policy Programs
Director of
Administration, Policy and
Public Programs
Donna Horney
(202) 736-5835
donna.h@
aspeninstitute.org
policy-work
Offices
Headquarters
Suite 700,
One Dupont Circle, NW
Washington, DC
20036-1133
(202) 736-5800
Aspen Campus
1000 North Third Street
Aspen, CO 81611
(970) 925-7010
Wye River Campus
2010 Carmichael Road,
P.O. Box 222
Queenstown, MD 21658
(410) 827-7168
New York Offices
477 Madison Avenue,
Suite 730
New York, NY 10022
(212) 895-8000
Socrates Program
Associate Director
Gia Regan
(202) 736-1495
gia.regan@
aspeninstitute.org
socrates
The Society of Fellows
Director
Peter Waanders
(970) 544-7912
peter.waanders@
aspeninstitute.org
www.aspeninstitute.org/sof
Heritage Society
To learn more about
planned giving
opportunities,
please call
Susan Sherwin
(202) 736-1088
heritagesociety
Media Inquiries
Director of
Communications and
Public Affairs
Jennifer Myers
(202) 736-2906
jennifer.myers @
aspeninstitute.org
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////
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RETROSPECTIVE PERSPECTIVE
IN MAY OF 1972, EISENHOWER EXCHANGE FELLOWS PARTICIPATED IN A SIGNATURE ASPEN
SEMINAR. WIVES AND ASSISTANTS SAT IN THE BACK ROW OBSERVING.
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In 1950, three leading Chicago gures had
a big idea. Chairman of the Container
Corporation of America Walter Paepcke,
President of the University of Chicago Robert
Hutchins, and Great Books philosopher
Mortimer Adler saw a world reeling from two
devastating wars and a Great Depression. Their
idea: Create a venue for the worlds leaders
to step away from the daily fray, examine
how they lead, and discuss how they might
contribute to the building of a peaceful,
prosperous and just world. In 1950, the three
men launched the Aspen Institute and its
signature program the Aspen Executive
Seminar.
For more than 60 years, the Executive
Seminar (now called the Aspen Seminar) has
challenged leaders from around the world
and in virtually every eld to think critically
about their leadership, about what constitutes
a Good Society and, most important, about
their role in making it a reality. Today, the
seminar remains a cornerstone of the Institute.
Indeed, almost 400 men and women will
attend the Aspen Seminar in 2013.
This fall, members of the newest addition to
the Aspen Global Leadership Network the
China Fellowship Program came to the
Aspen Meadows campus to participate in
the storied seminar as a result of a generous
donation from philanthropist and businessman
David Rubenstein. Over the course of six days,
20 top business leaders from Beijing, Shanghai,
and Hong Kong debated the ideas of a range
of thinkers from Aristotle to Confucius, Karl
Marx to Ibn Khaldun, Jean-Jacques Rousseau
to Simn de Bolvar, Rachel Carson to Martin
Luther King, Jr.
And, like thousands before them, they
performed and discussed Sophocles Antigone.
To a person, participants found the seminar
provocative and relevant. As one put it on the
nal morning: The questions now remain: Am
I doing enough to build a good society? What
more can I do to impact more lives for the
better?
Surely Paepcke, Hutchins, and Adler would
be thrilled to hear of the continued relevance
of the Aspen Seminar across the decades and
around the world.
The Lasting Impact
of the Aspen Seminar
BY PETER REILING
MORE THAN 40 YEARS LATER, IN SEPTEMBER OF 2013, THE ASPEN GLOBAL LEADERSHIP
NETWORKS CHINA FELLOWS MEN AND WOMEN ALIKE GATHERED TO DISCUSS THE
CHALLENGES OF BUILDING A GOOD SOCIETY USING THE SAME VALUES-BASED MODEL
FOUND IN THE ORIGINAL ASPEN SEMINAR.
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