TNPSC GROUP I MAINS 2008

Paper - I

SECTION A
Note: Answer all the questions not exceeding 20 words each. Each questions carries one mark. 40 * 1 = 40 1. In which year was the English East India Company founded? 2. The Battle of Buxar was fought in the year 3. The Dual Government was abolished by ... 4. The Sepoy Mutiny broke out during the Viceroyalty of .. 5. The Portfolio system was first introduced in the time of . 6. The first Indian who was admitted in the Viceroys Executive Council was .. 7. The first Census report was taken at Madras in . 8. The Department of Archaeology was created by Curzon in . 9. The Justice party was formed in the year 10. Who is the first Indian Woman to have reached the top of Mount Everest? 11. Temporary tax levied to obtain revenue is called .. 12. What is Navigation? 13. What is Fifty Second Amendment Act of 1985? 14. Mention the objective of Vijay Kelkar Committee. 15. Who is the Governor of Reserve Bank of India? 16. The United Nations Organisation was founded at 17. What are Bores? 18. Who is the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha? 19. Which country produces largest quantity of gold? 20. Which city is the seat of the International court of Justice? 21. What is meant by Classification? 22. Which was the first electronic computer that belongs to the first generation of computers? 23. Find the point of intersection of the graphs of y = ex and y = e-x

24. Mention the different parts of a standard table. 25. What do you mean by Bonded Labour? 26. Who is a child Labour? 27. When was the National Policy on Education approved by the parliament? 28. When was the Swaminathan Committee appointed for proposing a National Population Policy? 29. What is educational unemployment? 30. When did the Mandal Commission Submit its reports? 31. What is terrorism? 32. What is Antyodaya Programme? 33. Who is the Deputy Chairman of the planning Commission of India? 34. Who is the Union Cabinet Minister for Human Resource Development? 35. Who is the Secretary-General of United Nations Organisation elected from South Korea and assumed office from 2007 onwards? 36. What is Habeas Corpus? 37. Define Untouchability. 38. What is Census? 39. What is Public Life? 40. Define Corruption?

SECTION B Note: Answer any twenty of the following not exceeding 50 words each. Each questions carries three marks. 20 * 3 = 60
41. Enumerate the reforms introduced by Lord Williams Bentinck. 42. Explain the role of Moderate in the Indian National Movement. 43. Write a note on Jallianwalla bagh Massacre. 44. Describe the importance of the Indian Universities Act of 1904. 45. Briefly give an estimate of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. 46. State the services of Rabindranath Tagore to literature.

47. Bring out the achievements of Raja Ramana. 48. What are non renewable resources? 49. Define Globalisation? 50. Who prepares topographical maps of India? 51. Define Sustainable Development. 52. Represent the following data by means of a suitable diagram: Numbers of male, female and child labours in two states A and B in a year are recorded below: State A B Male Labour 1,50,000 3,40,000 Female Labour 1,05,000 2,00,000 Child Labour 1,20,000 1,40,000 Total 3,75,000 6,80,000

53. Write down the differences between diagrams and graphs. 54. A can do a piece of work in 15 days. After 9 days A was replaced by B and total work lasted for 17 days. In how many days can B do the whole work alone? 55. Draw a blank table to show the candidates sexwise appearance for first year, second year and third year examinations of a University in the faculties of Arts, Science and Commerce. 56. What is Culture Poverty? 57. State the general objective of National Adult Education Programme (NAEP). 58. Sate briefly how the partition of the country in 1947 affected the educational status of Muslims in India. 59. Point out problem stemming from the tribal practice of marriage by capture in the charged situation of today. 60. Elucidate briefly, the cause of child labour from the perspective of the child labourer. 61. Women in Armed Forces Comment. 62. Write a brief note on M.P. Sivananam. 63. What is E-Governance?

64. List out social causes of corruption. 65. What is the principal demand of ABSU?

SECTION C
(Brief Answer Type) Note: Answer any twenty-two of the following questions not exceeding 100 words each. Each question carries five marks. 66. How did the council Act of 1982 promote the growth of Representatives Government in British India? 67. Describe the impact of World War I on Indian National Movement. 68. Trace the events leading to the Poona Pact and analyse its consequences. 69. Assess the role of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in the creation of Pakistan. 70. Examine critically the provisions of the communal Award of 1932. 71. Explain the contributions of B.R. Ambedkar to our nation. 72. Describe the development of universities of Tamil Nadu. 73. Write a note on Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research. 74. What are the major differences between developed and developing nations? 75. Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Discuss. 76. What are non-tariff barriers under modern trade? 77. Prices of a particular commodity in 5 years in two cities are given below. Find the city which had more stable prices. Prices in City A: Prices in City B: 20 10 22 20 19 18 23 12 16 15

78. What is meant by partition values? Write down the various partition values and formula used to calculate them for a frequency distribution. 79. Draw a histogram from the following data and hence find mode: Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90

Interval Frequency

11

19

21

16

10

80. Convert 2607.8125 into Hexadecimal system. 81. Write a flowchart to find out the largest number from a given set of 100 integer numbers. 82. In a right angled triangle the hypotenuse is 2 2 times the length of the perpendicular drawn from the opposite vertex on the hypotenuse. Find the other two angles. 83. State the implications of Bonded Labour and Child labour. 84. Highlight the linkage between bonded labour and child labour. 85. Elucidate the socio-economic disadvantages suffered by Muslims in India. 86. Point out the major socio-economic problems affecting scheduled caste population in India. 87. Bring out the trends in unemployment in India. 88. Write short descriptions on commissions of enquiry instituted against the chief Ministers of state on corruption charges. 89. Write a brief note on the origin of Naxalite terrorism. 90. Critically examine the nuclear co-operation between India and the Unites States of America. 91. Ethnic crisis in Sri Lanka Discuss. 92. Write a brief note on E. V. Ramasamy Naickar. 93. Briefly highlight the content of 86th Constitutional Amendment. 94. Explain the concept of Social Action. 95. What is Human Development perspective in the context of women Empowerment?

SECTION D
NOTE: Answer any six of the following questions not exceeding 200 words each. Each questions carries fifteen marks. 96. Give an account of religious and social reform movements in India. 97. Describe the relation of the British towards Princely States of India

98. Explain the salient features of the Constitution of India. 99. Review Indo Pakistan relations from 1947 to 1964. 100. Examine the changing role and functions of the election Commission of India in view of the Electoral reforms undertaken in the recent decades. 101. What are the different types of foreign investment? List out the factors affecting international investment. 102. 103. 104. State the factors affecting womens participation in work. Judicial Activism Comment. Examine the causes of Indias high birth rate.

Paper II
Section A Answer all the questions not exceeding 20 words each. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. What is aim of national Commission for Women Act, 1990? Under which Act was the Supreme Court established? What is the importance of Art.40of the Constitution of India? How is the Vice-President of India elected? Write a note on Election Commission? Which government appointed the Mandal Commission? Who appoints the Chairman of the Indian National Human Rights Commission? 8. When was Indian National Human Rights Commission established? 9. When was Indian Citizenship Act passed? 10. Give the meaning of Rule of Law. 11. What is meant by cottage industry? 12. Give the name of the Growth model adopted in the First Five-year plan of India. 13. What is meant by cropping pattern? 14. Define per capital income. 15. What is the source of Damodar River? 16. What is the main aim of Chipko Movement? 17. Explain the term VAT. 18. Mention any three major income-earning industries of Tamil Nadu. 19. What is an Asteroid? 20. Write the building blocks of major biomacromolecules. 21. Where is the Pasteur Institute and Tuberculosis Research Centre located in India? Mention their thrust areas. 22. Give any two advantages of microbial enzymes over mammalian enzymes in enzyme biotechnology. 23. What is meant by DATA CAPTURE? 24. Who is the hero of Porunararttru Padai? 25. Periyorai viyathalum ilame; Siriyorai igalthal athaninum ilame. Who sung this? 26. Who is called Thirujnanasmbandar as Dravida Sisu? 27. Uzhaipin vara uruthigal uzhavo _ who sung this? 28. Who is the author of Romapuri Pandiyan? 29. Who is called as Thirunalai Povar? 30. Who has the power to control over the Contingency Fund in Tamil Nadu? 31. In which year, Namadhu Gramam Programme was launched in Tamil Nadu? 32. Explain Right to equality.

33. By which Amendment Act, are Fundamental Duties incorporated in the Constitution of India? 34.

35. How much money lent out at 5% per annum simple interest will amount to Rs. 900 as interest in 3 years?

Section B Answer any twenty-five of the following questions not exceeding 50 words each 36. Write down the Power of Pardon of the President. 37. Explain the salient features of the Tamil Nadu New Panchayat Raj Act. 38. What is Council of States? 39. Write the Fundamental Duties. 40. What is Finance Bill? 41. Write a note on the Nationalisation of Banks. 42. Briefly explain the Gandhian model of growth. 43. List the important function of commercial banks. 44. How do Extrusive Igneous rocks form? 45. State the significance of water vapour in the atmosphere. 46. Mention any three sources of State Finance. 47. Give third law of Newtons laws of motion. 48. write the aldol condensation product of the starting materials given below and mention the stereo chemistry of the double bond.

49. Briefly explain Parthenogenesis and its types. 50. Mention the important enzymes used in genetic engineering. Give their functions in brief. 51. What are ROM and RAM? Explain the difference between them.

52. Describe the functions of Endoplasmic reticulum. 53. Write a short note on Kanda Purana. 54. Explain the significance of Kutrala Kuravanchi. 55. Explain the historical significance of Silapadikaram. 56. Mention the agricultural rituals. 57. Write about the life of people who lived in Neithal lands? 58. Write about the importance of Child birth ritual. 59. Explain the significance of Thai Pongal. 60. Explain the significance of Theru Koothu. 61. Write a short note on Kummiattam. 62. What are the sources of income of municipalities in Tamil Nadu? 63. What are the executive powers of the Governor of Tamil Nadu? 64. What is the importance of Consumer Protection Act in Tamil Nadu? 65. Rs. 21,765 are divided among three brothers A,B and C aged 17 years, 16 years and 15 years respectively in such a way that each receives the same amount at 5% p.a. S.I. when he reaches 18 years of age. Find the share of C.

Section C Answer any seventeen of the following questions not exceeding 100 words each. 66. Mention the Preamble as given in the Constitution of India. 67. Explain the equality before law. 68. Write a note on the leader of the opposition of the House of the people. 69. Discuss four important functions of District Administration. 70. Write the significance of the Preamble of Constitution of India. 71. Write a note on Planning Commission. 72. Explain the causes of the poor economic condition of farm labour. 73. Why is irrigation more developed in the northern Indian plains than in peninsular India? 74. Elaborate on Social Welfare Programme aimed especially at children. 75. Discuss the classification of polymers based on molecular force. 76. Bring out the importance of bioinformatics in biotechnology. 77. Write about multi faceted roles of bharathi. 78. What are the prehistoric news about Tamil Nadu? 79. What are the social functions of Thanthai Periyar? 80. Mention the musical instruments during Sangam Age. 81. Write about the art of sculpture in Tamil Nadu. 82. Write a short note on walking on embers ritual. 83. Write the salient features of the people who live in Mullai land. 84. Write about Kuravai Koothu. 85. Explain the Industrial Policy of Tamil Nadu.

86. Explain the main function of District Planning Committees. 87. Divide Rs. 5,450 into 3 parts so that the respective amounts at 4, 5, 6 per cent in 3, 4, 5 years respectively may be the same.

Section D Answer any seven of the following questions not exceeding 200 words each. 88. Explain the composition and powers of the Parliament. 89. Write an essay on the Constitution Amendment processes. 90. Estimate the functions of National Human Rights Commission. 91. Explain the basic characteristics of Indian economy. 92. Write an count on the different types of soils in India. 93. What are the social welfare programmes for women and children in Tamil Nadu? 94. Name three ores of zinc. How is zinc extracted from zinc blende? Write the importance of zinc carbonate. 95. Write on the role of CSIR in the improvement of science in India. Highlight any 3-research institutions with their contributions. 96. Explain the role of Europeans to Tamil language. 97. Explain about the development that has taken place among women of Tamil Nadu in Twentieth Century. 98. Discuss the important powers of the District Collector. 99. Discuss the powers and functions of the President of India.

APPOLO STUDY CENTRE GENERAL STUDIES 2008 PAPER I

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gphpT < (rpwpa mstpy; tpilaspf;Fk; tpdh tif)

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i. ii. fPof ; z;ltw;Ws; VNjDk; MW tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpil jUf. Xt;nthU tpdhtpw;Fk; 200 nrhw;fSf;F kpfhky; tpilaspf;fTk;. xt;nthU tpdhtpw;Fk; gjpide;J kjpg;ngz;fs;.

96. ,e;jpahtpy; rka> rKjha rPHj ; pUj;j ,af;fq;fisg; gw;wp vOJf. 97. ,e;jpa RNjr muRfSld; Mq;fpNyah; nfhz;bUe;j njhlh;gpid tpthp. 98. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G rl;lj;jpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfis tpsf;Ff. 99. 1947 Kjy; 1964 tiu ,e;jpah-ghfp];jhd; cwTfis Ma;f. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. Njh;jy; rPhj ; pUj;jj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; khwptUk; gq;F kw;Wk; gzpfis Muha;f. Njh;jy; Mizaj;jpd;

md;dpa KjyPlb ; d; gy;NtW tiffs; ahit? gd;dhl;L KjyPli ; l ghjpf;Fk; fhuzpfis gl;baypLf. ngz;fspd; Ntiyg;gq;fspg;gpid ghjpf;Fk; fhuzpfis Fwpg;gpLf. ePjpj; Jiwapd; mjPj nray;ghLfs; - fUj;Jiuf;f. ,e;jpahtpd; mjpfkhd gpwg;G tpfpjj;jpd; fhuzq;fis Ma;f.

APPOLO STUDY CENTRE GENERAL STUDIES 2008

PAPER II

gphpT m (kpfr;rpwpa mstpy; tpilaspf;Fk; tpdh tif)

Fwpg;G:
i. ii. midj;J tpdhf;fSf;fk; tpilasp. xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 20 nrhw;fSf;F kpfhky; tpilaspf;fTk;. xt;nthU tpdhtpw;Fk; xU kjpg;ngz;

1. Njrpa kfsph; FO rl;lk; 1990d; Nehf;fk; vd;d? 2. ve;j rl;lj;jpd;gb cr;rePjpkd;wk; epWtg;gl;lJ? 3. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G tpjp 40d; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ahJ? 4. ,e;jpa FbauR Jizj;jiyth; vt;thW Njh;en ; jLf;fg;gLfpwhh;? 5. Njh;jy; Mizaj;ijg; gw;wp xU Fwpg;G tiuf. 6. ve;j murhq;fk; kd;ly; FOit epakpj;jJ? 7. ,e;jpa kdpj chpik Mizaj;jpd; jiyth; ahuhy; epakpf;fg;gLfpwhh;? 8. ,e;jpa Njrpa kdpj chpik Mizak; vg;nghOJ mikf;fg;gl;lJ? 9. ,e;jpa FbAhpikr; rl;lk; ve;j Mz;L epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ? 10. rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp vd;gjd; nghUs; vd;d? 11. Fbirj; njhopy; vd;why; vd;d? 12. ,e;jpahtpy; Kjyhk; Ie;jhz;L Nfhl;ghl;bd; ngah; vd;d? 13. gaph; tif mikg;G vd;why; vd;d? 14. jyh tUkhdk; - ,yf;fzk; tiuf. 15. jhNkhjh; Mw;wpd; cw;gj;jp jyk; vJ? 16. rpg;Ngh ,af;fj;jpd; Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs; vd;d? 17. thl; vd;gjpd; tphpthf;fj;ij jUf. 18. jkpo;ehl;bd; VNjDk; %d;W Kjd;ikahd Vw;Wkjp tUtha; juf;$ba njhopw;rhiyfis Fwpg;gpLf. 19. M];buha;L vd;why; vd;d? jpl;lj;jpy; gad;gLj;jpa Kd;Ndw;w

20. Kjd;ik caph; %yf;$Wfspd; mbg;gil $Wfis vOJf. 21. gh];rpbah; epWtdk; kw;Wk; fhr Neha; Muha;rr ; p ikak; ,e;jpahtpy; vq;Fs;sJ? ,e;epWtdq;fspy; eilngWk; Kf;fpa Muha;rr ; pfisj; jUf. 22. nehjp caph; njhopy;El;gtpaypy; Ez;Zaphpfspd; nehjpfs;> ghY}l;bfspd; nehjpfistpl rpwg;ghdit vd;gjw;F VjhtJ ,uz;L Fwpg;Gfisj; jUf. 23. tptuf; iff;nfhsy; vd;why; vd;d? 24. nghUeuhw;Wg;gilapd; jiytd; ahh;? 25. nghpNahiu tpaj;jYk; ,yNk; rpwpNahiu ,fo;jy; mjdpDk; ,yNk vdg;ghbath; ahh;? 26. jpuhtpl rpR vd jpUQhd rk;ge;jiu mioj;jth; ahh;? 27. ciog;gpd; thuh cWjpfs; csNth vdg; ghbath; ahh;? 28. NuhkhGhpg;ghz;bad; vd;w ehtypd; Mrphpah; ahh;>? 29. jpUehis Nghthh; vd;gth; ahh;? 30. jkpo;ehl;by; mtrufhy epjp kPJ fl;Lg;ghl;il nrYj;Jk; mjpfhuk; ahUf;F jug;gl;Ls;sJ? 31. jkpo;ehl;by; ekJ fpuhkk; jpl;lk; ve;j Mz;L Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ? 32. rkj;Jt chpikg; gw;wp tpsf;Ff. 33. ve;j murpayikg;G jpUj;jj;jpd; %yk; ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpy; mbg;gil flikfs; Nrh;ff ; g;gl;Ls;sJ? 34. RUf;Ff.

35. vt;tsT njhif Mz;Lf;F 5 rjtPj jdptl;b tpfpjj;jpy; 3 Mz;Lfspy; &.900 jdptl;bia nfhLf;Fk;?

gphpT M (rpwpa mstpy; tpilaspf;Fk; tpdh tif)

Fwpg;G

i. ii.

fPof ; z;ltw;Ws; VNjDk; ,Ugj;ije;J tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpil jUf. Xt;nthU tpdhtpw;Fk; 50 nrhw;fSf;F kpfhky; tpilaspf;fTk;. xt;nthU tpdhtpw;Fk; %d;W kjpg;ngz;fs;.

36. FbauRj; jiythpd; kd;dpf;Fk; mjpfhuj;ij vOJf. 37. jkpo;ehl;bd; tpsf;Ff. Gjpa gQ;rhaj;J uh[; rl;lj;jpd; rpwg;gj; jd;ikfis

38. khepyq;fs; mit vd;why; vd;d? 39. mbg;gil flikfis vOJf. 40. gz kNrhjh vd;why; vd;d? 41. tq;fpfs; NjrpaTlik Fwpj;J Fwpg;G tiuf. 42. fhe;jpapd; tsh;rr ; p Nfhl;ghl;bid RUf;fp Fwpg;gpLf. 43. tzpf tq;fpfspd; Kf;fpa gzpfis Fwpg;gpLf. 44. ntspNghe;j mf;dpghiwfs; vt;thW cUthfpd;wd? 45. tsp kz;lyj;jpy; ePuhtpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; $Wf. 46. khepy epjpahjhuq;fspy; VNjDk; %d;wpid $Wf. 47. epa+l;ldpd; %d;whtJ ,af;f tpjpia $Wf. 48. fPof ; z;l tpidgLnghUs;fSf;fhd My;lhy; FWf;ftpid tpisnghUis mjd; mikg;G tha;gg ; hl;Lld; vOJf.

49. ghh;jj ; pNdhn[dp]p]; vd;giji RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff> mjd; tiffis jUf. 50. kuGg; nghwpapaypy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nehjpfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij $Wf. 51. ROM kw;wk; RAM NtWghLfis tpthpf;f. vd;git ahit? mtw;wpw;F ,ilNaahd

52. vz;Nlhgpshr tiyapd; Ntiyfis tpthp. 53. fe;j Guhzk; gw;wp Fwpg;G tiuf.

54. Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rpapd; rpwg;ig tpsf;Ff. 55. rpyg;gjpfhu tuyhw;F rpwg;ig tpsf;Ff. 56. Ntshz;ikr; rlq;Ffs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLf. 57. nea;jy; epyj;J kf;fspd; tho;it tpsf;Ff. 58. gps;isg; Ngw;W Nehd;gpd; rpwg;ig tpsf;Ff. 59. ijg;nghq;fypd; rpwg;ig tpsf;Ff. 60. njUf;$j;jpd; rpwg;ig ,ak;Gf. 61. Fk;kpahl;lk; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLf. 62. jkpo;ehl;by; efuhl;rpfspd; tUtha; Mjhuq;fs; ahit? 63. jkpof MSehpd; eph;thf mjpfhuq;fs; ahit? 64. jkpo;ehL Efh;Nthh; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ahJ> 65. KiwNa 17> 16 kw;Wk; 15 tajhd %d;W rNfhjuh;fspilNa (A, B, C) &.21>765-I mth;fs; jdpj;jdpNa 18 taij milAk; nghOJ Mz;Lf;F 5 rjtPjk; jdptl;bapy; rkkhd njhifia milAkhW gphpj;jspf;fg;gLfpwJ. C-d; gq;if fzf;fpLf.

gphpT , (rpwpa mstpy; tpilaspf;Fk; tpdh tif)

Fwpg;G
i. ii. fPof ; z;ltw;Ws; VNjDk; gjpNdO tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpil jUf. Xt;nthU tpdhtpw;Fk; 100 nrhw;fSf;F kpfhky; tpilaspf;fTk;. xt;nthU tpdhtpw;Fk; Ie;J kjpg;ngz;fs;.

66. ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW KfTiuia Fwpg;gpLf. 67. rl;lj;jpd; Kd; midtUk; rkk; vd;gjid tpsf;Ff.

68. kf;fsitapd; vjph;fl;rpj; jiytiug; gw;wp xU Fwpg;G tiuf. 69. khtl;l eph;thfj;jpd; Kf;fpa ehd;F gzpfis tpthjp. 70. ,e;jpa murpay; rhrdj;jpd; KfTiuapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij vOJ. 71. jpl;lf;FO Fwpj;J Fwpg;G vOJ. 72. gz;iz ciog;ghspapd; Vo;ik epiyf;fhd fhuzq;fis tpsf;Ff. 73. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahittpl> tl ,e;jpa rkntspapy; Vd; ePhg ; g ; hrdk; mjpf msT tsh;rr ; paile;Js;sJ? 74. jkpo;ehL murpd; r%f eyj;jpl;lj;ij (rpwhh;fSf;F) gw;wp vOJf. 75. gykbia %yf;$W tpirapd; mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jp> tpthpf;fTk;. 76. caph; njhopy; El;gtpaypy; caph; jfty; El;gj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ntspf; nfhzh;f. 77. ghujpapd; gd;Kfg; gzpfs; gw;wp vOJf. 78. tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyj; jkpofk; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; ahit? 79. je;ij nghpahhpd; r%fg; gzpfs; ahit? 80. rq;ffhy ,irf;fUtpfs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLf. 81. jkpofr; rpw;gf;fiy Fwpj;J vOJf. 82. jPkjp cw;rtk; gw;wp Fwpg;G tiuf. 83. Ky;iy epy kf;fspd; ,ay;ig tpsf;Ff. 84. Fuit $j;J gw;wp nra;jpfisj; jUf. 85. jkpo;ehl;bd; njhopw;nfhs;ifia tpthp. 86. khtl;l jpl;lf; FOf;fspd; Kf;fpa gzpfis tpsf;Ff. 87. &.5>450 %d;W ghfq;fshf gphpf;f> mit KiwNa 3> 4> 5 Mz;Lfspy; 4> 5> kw;Wk; 6 rjtPjk; tl;b tpfpjj;jpy; rkkhd njhifia ju Ntz;Lk;.

gphpT < (rpwpa mstpy; tpilaspf; tpilaspf;Fk; tpdh tif)

Fwpg;G
i. ii. fPof ; z;ltw;Ws; VNjDk; VO tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpil jUf. Xt;nthU tpdhtpw;Fk; 200 nrhw;fSf;F kpfhky; tpilaspf;fTk;. xt;nthU tpdhtpw;Fk; %d;W kjpg;ngz;fs;.

88. ,e;jpa ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; mikg;G kw;Wk; mjpfhuq;fis tpthp. 89. murpayikg;ig jpUj;Jk; Kiwfs; gw;wp Xh; fl;Liu vOJf. 90. Njrpa kdpj chpik Mizaj;jpd; nray;ghLfis kjpg;gpLf. 91. ,e;jpa nghUshjhuj;jpd; mbg;gil gz;Gfis tpsf;Ff. 92. ,e;jpahtpd; gy;NtW kz; tiffs; gw;wp xU njhFg;G tiuf. 93. jkpo;ehl;bd; kfsph; kw;Wk; Foe;ijfspd; r%fey jpl;lq;fs; ahit? 94. ]pq;fpd; (Zinc) Kf;fpakhd %d;W jhJf;fis $W. ]pq; gpnsz;l; vd;Dk; jhJtpypUe;J ]pq; vg;gb gphpj;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ]pq; fhh;gNdl;bd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wp vOJf. 95. ,e;jpahtpy; mwptpaypd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy; CSIR-d; gq;fpid jUf. mjd; VNjDk; %d;W Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fspd; gq;if vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf. 96. INuhg;gpah; jkpOf;F Mw;wpAs;s gq;fspg;gpid tpthpf;f. 97. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; jkpofj;jpy; Vw;gl;l ngz;fs; Kd;Ndw;wk; gw;wp tpthpf;f. 98. khtl;l Ml;rpj;jiythpd; Kf;fpa gzpfis tpthjp. 99. ,e;jpa FbauRj; jiythpd; mjpfhuk; kw;Wk; gzpfis tpthjp.