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CONFIDENTIAL*/ SULIT*

962/1

TRIAL STPM 2010
(PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN STPM 2010)

CHEMISTRY (KIMIA)

PAPER 1 (KERTAS 1)

One hour and forty-five minutes (Satu jam empat puluh lima minit)
Instructions to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
There are fifty questions in this paper. For each question, four suggested answers are given.
Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the multiple-choice answer sheet provided.

Read the instructions on the multiple-choice answer sheet very carefully. Answer all questions.
Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers.
Arahan kepada calon:
JANGAN BUKA BUKU SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUA'T
DEMIKIAN.
Ada lima puiuh soalan dal a m kertas ini. Bagi setiap soalan, empat cadangan jawapan
diberikan. Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada helaian jawapan aneka
pilihan yang dibekalkan.
Baca arahan pada helaian jawapan aneka pilihan itu dengan teliti.
Jawab semua soalan. Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.

This question paper consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada 15 halaman bercetak dan 1 halaman kosong.)

TRIAL STPM 962/1 [Turn over (Lihat sebelah)
*This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*
*Kertas soalan ini SULIT sehingga peperiksaan kertas ini tamat. SULIT*




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Section A

Four suggest answers labeled A, B, C and D are given for each question. Choose one correct
answer.

1. An element X with the electronic configuration of 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
5
exists as isotopes
m
X a
nd
n
X which have 18 and 20 neutrons respectively.What is the percentage abundance
of
m
X ?

[ relative atomic mass of X is 35.5]

A. 25.0
B. 35.0
C. 65.0
D. 75.0

2. A phase diagram of water is shown below.










What can be deduced from the phase diagram?

A. An increase in pressure will increase the freezing point of water.
B. In increase in pressure will increase the boiling point of water
C. Ice sublimes at a pressure higher than 611 Pa
D. Water exists as liquid at a pressure of 611 Pa and a temperature of 298 K.

Pressure/Pa
Temperature/K
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3. Transition of electrons between energy levels in an atom will cause an absorption or
emission of light.Which energy level diagram shows the transition of electrons that emits
light with the lowest frequency?





4. The first, second, third and fourth ionization energies (in kJ mol
-1
) for an element Y is
given below.

900, 1760, 3240, 19700

The element Y forms a covalent chloride that reacts with water to give an acidic
solution.The element Y could be

A. Aluminium
B. Beryllium
C. Sulphur
D. Magnesium
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5. The first to fourth ionisation energies of four elements are as follows.


Elements Ionisation energy/kJ mol
-1

First Second Third Fourth
P 577 1820 2740 11600
Q 418 3070 4600 5860
R 736 1450 7740 10500
S 494 4560 6940 9540

Which statement about P,Q,R and S is true?

A. Q is more electronegative than S.
B. Melting point of S is higher than that of R.
C. Enthalpy of vapourisation of Q is higher than that of R.
D. Oxide Q is more basic than oxide P.

6.Which one of the following pairs of molecular formula and molecular geometry is true?

Molecular formula Molecular geometry

A. SO
4
2-
Octahedral
B. PCl
5
Trigonal bipyramidal
C. SO
3
Tetrahedral
D. H
2
O Trigonal planar


7. The conductivity of a metal is due to the delocalised electrons in the conduction band. How
many electrons are found in the conduction band of a 6.0 g magnesium metal strip?

[ Relative atomic mass of Mg is 24.0;Avogadro constant is 6.02 X 10
23
mol
-1
]

A. 3.01 x 10
23
B. 3.01 x 10
24

C. 5.02 x 10
23

D. 5.02 x 10
24


8. The rate equation of the reaction

2NO (g) + Cl
2
(g) 2 NOCl (g) is

Rate = k[NO]
2
[Cl
2
]

Which of the following statements about this reaction is correct?

A.The overall order of reaction is 2
B. The rate constant k decreases when the temperature increases.
C. If the concentration of NO is doubled, the rate of reaction is increased by a factor of 2.
D. If the concentration of both NO and Cl
2
are doubled, the rate is increased by a factor of 8

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9. Hydrogen peroxide and iodide ion react in the presence of hydrogen ion to produce iodine and
water according to the equation.

H
2
O
2
+ 2I
-
+ 2 H
+
2 H
2
O + I
2


The rate equation for this reaction can be represented by

Rate = k[H
2
O
2
]
p
[I
-
]
q
[H
+
]
r


In the kinetic experiment of the reaction above,the following graphs are
Obtained.







What is the order of the reaction with respect to H
2
O
2
, I
-
and H
+
?

H
2
O
2
I
-
H
+


A. 0 1 2
B 1 1 0
C 1 1 2
D 2 1 0





Concentration,
Mol/dm
3

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10. When 0.20 mol of iodine and 0.20 of hydrogen are heated to equilibrium at 650C in a 1 dm
3

vessel, the equilibrium mixture contains 0.044 mol of iodine.

I
2
(g) + H
2
(g) 2 HI (g)

What is the numerical value Kc for the reaction?

A. 0.30.
B. 19.3
C. 50.3
D. 10.3

11.Which of the following reactions is represented by the graph shown in figure which shows the
effect of pressure on percentage yield?
Pressure
(atm)










Percentage yield

A. W(g) 2 Z (g)
B. W(g) + V(g) 2 Z (g)
C. W(g) + V(s) Z(g)
D. W(g) + 2V(s) Z(g)


12. Phosphorus pentachloride dissociates when heated to produce to produce an equilibrium
mixture
PCl
5
(g) < ==== > PCl
3
(g) + Cl
2
(g)

When m g of PCl
5
is heated at a constant pressure,p and a fixed temperature,T its partial pressure
at equilibrium is 1/7 p.What is the equilibrium constant,Kp at this temperature?

A. 9/7 p
B. 18/7 p
C. 6p
D. 7p





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13. A solution contains propanoic acid and sodium propanoate. Which of the following
expressions can be used to calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution?

A. [H
+
] = K
a
[acid]
B. [H
+
] = lg K
a

C. [H
+
] = K
a
[acid]
[salt]
D. [H
+
] = Ka [salt]
[acid]

14. The degree of dissociation of 0.20 mol dm
-3
solution of an acid HA is 0.018 %.The pH of the
acid is 1.0.What is the value of K
a
(mol dm
-3
) for HA?

A. 0.1 x 0.1
0.2
B.0.4 x 10
-5

C 0.9 x 10
-5

D.1.8 X 10
-5


15.A solution containing 7 x 10
-7
mol dm
-3
Ag
+
ions is required for a reaction. Which of the
following saturated solutions can be used for this purpose?

Saturated solution of the silver
salt

Ksp of the silver salt

A AgCl 2.0 x 10
-10
mol
2
dm
-6

B AgBr 5.0 x 10
-13
mol
2
dm
-6

C Ag
2
SO
4
2.0 x 10
-5
mol
3
dm
-9

D Ag
2
CrO
4
1.3 x 10
-12
mol
3
dm
-9



16. Which of the following statements about electrolysis is correct?

A.Oxidation occurs at the cathode
B. Electrons flow from the cathode to the anode in the external circuit.
C. The more reactive the metal,the less readily the metal is discharged during electrolysis.
D. The number of moles of a metal deposited during electrolysis is proportional to the quantity of
electricity used and the charge on the metal ion.

17. If 0.125 A of electric current is passed through concentrated copper(II)sulphate solution for
5.0 hours,what mass of copper and volume of chlorine( at stp) are produced?
( 1F = 9.65 x 10
4
Cmol
-1
; molar volume of gas at stp = 22.4 dm
3
)


Mass of copper (g) Volume of chlorine (dm
3
)
A 0.74 0.26
B 0.74 0.52
C 0.37 0.26
D 0.37 0.52

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18. The standard electrode potential for nickel and zinc are given below

Zn
2+
(aq) + 2e = Zn(s) E = -0.76V
Ni
2+
(aq) + 2e = Ni (s) E = - 0.25 V

Based on the data given above,we can conclude that

A.nickel is a stronger reducing agent than zinc
B. the Zn
2+
(aq) ion is a stronger reducing agent than the Ni
2+
(aq)
C. zinc will displace nickel from a solution of Ni
2+
(aq) ions
D. nickel is the positive pole when it is connected to the standard hydrogen electrode.

19. The standard electrode potentials for three half-cells are given below:

J
2+
/J E = - 0.44 V
L
2+
/L E = - 0.76 V
T
2+
/T E = + 0.34 V

Which of the following can reduce Sn
2+
(aq) to Sn(s) at 298 K
( The standard electrode potential for Sn
2+
(aq)/Sn(s) at 298 K is -0.14V)

A. J and L only
B. J,L and T
C. J
2+
and L
2+

D. L
2+
and T only

20. Calculate the emf of a Daniell cell at 25 C if the concentration of Zn
2+
(aq) is 0.25 mol dm
-3

and the concentration of Cu
2+
(aq) is 0.15 mol dm
-3
.
Given that
Cu
2+
+ 2e = + 0.34 V
Zn
2+
+ 2e = - 0.76 V

A. + 1.10 V
B. + 1.09 V
C. 1.06 V
D. - 1.09V


21. Which of the following elements belongs to Group 2 in the Periodic Table?


Element Melting point / C Density/ g cm
-3

A 98 0.97
B 180 0.53
C 850 1.54
D 3500 2.25




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22. Aluminium chloride reacts with an ether, (CH
3
)
2
O to form a compound with the formula,
(CH
3
)
2
.AlCl
3
.In this reaction aluminium acts as a

A. Lewis acid
B. Lewis base
C. Bronsted acid
D. Bronsted base

23. Aluminium is used for making carbonated soft drink cans.Which of the following is the most
important reason explaining why aluminium is used?

A. Aluminium can be recycled
B. Aluminium has a low density
C. Aluminium is a good conductor of heat
D. Aluminium is resistant to corrosion by weak acids.

24.A group 14 tetrachloride,XCl
4
has the following properties.










The tetrachloride is

A. SiCl
4

B. PbCl
4

C. SnCl
4

D. GeCl
4



25. Nitrogen oxides have high positive standard enthalpies of formation, H
f
.Which of the
following is the major factor for the high positive value of H
f
?

A. The tendency of oxygen to form oxides
B. The high electron affinity of the oxygen atom
C. The high bond energy of the nitrogen,N
2
molecules.
D. The nitrogen and oxygen atom have similar electronegativities.

26. Which element forms the complex ion ,[ XCl
4
]
-
?

A. Manganese
B. Chromium
C. Copper
D. Lead



Undergoes hydrolysis readily

Decomposes at room temperature to produce
chlorine
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I II
27. Butan-2-ol But-2-ene 2- chlorobutane

What are the chemical needed for the conversion of I and II ?

I II
A H
2
SO
4
Chlorine gas
B High concentrated H
2
SO
4
Hydrogen chloride gas
C Liquidify HNO
3
aqueous Hydrogen chloride
D Acidified KMnO
4
HCl aqueous


28. Chlorination of benzene is carried out by using iron as catalyst.The function of iron in this
reaction is to produce

A. chlorine free radicals
B. chloride ions
C. nucleophiles
D. electrophile

29. Which of the following compound is expected to have the highest boiling point?

A. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
Cl
B. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3

C. CH
3
CH(OH)CH
2
CH
3

D. CH
3
CH
2
OCH
2
CH
3


30. CH
3
CH
2
Br reacts with an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide forming CH
3
CH
2
OH,
whereas (CH
3
)
3
CBr reacts with an ethanolic solution of potassium hydroxide forming
CH
2
=C(CH
3
)
2
as the major product. Which statement is true of the two reactions?

A The reactions occur at room temperature.
B The reactions occur through the formation of carbocation.
C The reactions are nucleophilic substitution and elimination respectively.
D The rate of each reaction is independent of the concentration of OH

ions.


31.A compound has the following chemical properties.
(i) It gives a positive iodoform test.
(ii) It decolourises acidified aqueous potassium manganate (VII).
(iii) It reacts with phosphorus pentachloride to produce hydrogen chloride gas.
The compound is
A CH
3
CH
2
OH
B CH
3
COCH
3
C (CH
3
)
3
COH

D (CH
3
CH
2
)
2
CHOH




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32. The structural formula of progesterone, a sex hormone, is shown as follows.
CH
3


H
3
C
C=O

H
3
C


O
H
H

Which of the following statements is true of progesterone?
A It has a planar ring structure.
B It has three chiral carbon atoms.
C It reacts with Fehling solution.
D It reacts with aqueous potassium manganate (VII).



33..Which of the following compounds reacts by nucleophilic addition?
A CH
3
CH
2
OH
B CH
3
CH
2
Br
C CH
3
CHO
D C
6
H
6


34 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane and 1-chlorobutane are separately reacted with aqueous
potassium hydroxide. The reagent that can be used to distinguish the products of the reactions
is

A Na
B Br
2
/CCl
4

C concentrated H
2
SO
4

D concentrated HCl /ZnCl
2


35. Compound Z has the composition percentage by mass: carbon, 40.0%; hydrogen, 6.7%;
oxygen, 53.3%. Compound Z also has a chiral carbon atom and relative molecular mass
90.0. Which of the following statements is not true of compound Z?
[Relative atomic mass: C = 12.0, H = 1.0, O = 16.0]

A It can be prepared from propanenitrile.
B It produces effervescence with aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate.
C It produces a yellow precipitate when heated with alkaline iodine solution.
D. It decolourises acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution when heated

36 Which of the following could not be used to differentiate between CH
3
CHO and
CH
3
COCH
3
?

A Tollens reagent
B Fehlings solution
C Iodoform test
D Mass spectrometry
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37. Hydrocarbons undergo various reactions. One of the reactions involving 3, 3-
dimethyloctane is shown below.
X
3,3-dimethyloctane -------- > products
X could be
A 450 C, Al
2
O
3
/SiO
2

B H
2
SO
4
(conc.), 180 C
C NaOH(aq), reflux
D KCN(aq)/ ethanol, reflux


38. Which of the following compounds can form condensation homopolymers?
A CH
2
= CHCl
B CH
2
= C(CH
3
)COOCH
3

C H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2

D H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
COOH


39.Plastic can be classified as thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic based on its thermal
properties. Which is a thermosetting plastic?

A. Bakelite
B. Perspex
C. Polystyrene
D. Polyvinyl chloride


40. Ziegler-Natta catalyst is used in addition polymerisation of ethene Which statement
is not true of the process?
A It requires a low pressure.
B It requires a low temperature.
C I t p r o d u c e s h i g h d e n s i t y poly(ethene).
D It is an example of free radical polymerisation.















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Section B
For each of the questions in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may
be correct the responses A to D should be selected as follows:

A B C D
1 only is correct 1 and 2 only are
correct
2 and 3 only are
correct
1,2 and 3 are correct

41. An enzyme found in the stomach operates at a maximum efficiency when in an aqueous
solutions buffered at pH 5.Which combination of substances when dissolved in 10 dm
3
of water
give the necessary buffer solution?

1.5 mol of CH
3
COOH and 5 mol of CH
3
COONa
2. 10 mol of NH
3
and 10 mol of NH
4
Cl
3. 1 mol of HCl and 1 mol of CH
3
COONa

42.


The boiling point-composition diagram for two pure liquids P and R is given above.
Which of the following statements could be correct?

1. R is less volatile than P
2. The liquid with composition Q boils at T
2
3. The liquid with composition Q can be separated into pure P and pure R by fractional
distillation.


43. Which statements about the reaction given are correct?

IO
3
-
(aq) + 2I
-
(aq) + 6H
+
(aq) + 6 Cl
-
(aq) 3ICl
2
-
(aq) + 3 H
2
O (l)

1.There is no change in oxidation number of chlorine
2.The oxidation number of iodine in iodate ion,IO
3

-
changes from +5 to +1
3. The iodide ion is reduced to ICl
2
-

Boiling point
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44. Which of the following reactions does the value of H represents both enthalpy change of
formation and enthalpy change of combustion ?

1. S(s) + O
2
(g) SO
2
(g)
2. C(s) + O
2
(g) CO
2
(g)
3. H
2
(g) + O
2
(g) H
2
O (l)

45. Which of the following steps in the Born-haber cycle for the enthalpy change of formation of
calcium oxide has a negative H value?

1. O(g) + e O
-
(g)
2. O
2
(g) O (g)
3. Ca(s) Ca(g)

46. Compound X has the formula [CoCl
3
(NH
3
)
3
].The properties of X include

1. X has an octahedral structure
2. Oxidation state of Cr is +3
3. X exhibits geometric isomerism,fac and mer

47. The colour changed from pale blue to deep blue when ammonia is added to an aqueous
solution of copper(II) salt as shown in the reaction below is caused by

[Cu(H
2
O)
6
]
2+
[Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+


Pale bule deep blue

1.NH
3
is a stronger ligand than H
2
O.
2.The central copper ion has the same oxidation number.
3.The central copper atom has same number of electrons

48. Adrenaline is a hormone with the formula

OH




Which of the following statements about adrenaline is correct?

1.It is a secondary amine
2.It forms a salt when it reacts with dilute nitric acid
3. It produces nitrogen gas when it reacts with nitrous acid.






CH(OH)CH
2
NHCH
3



HO
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49. Glutamine has the formula

H
2
N-CH-CH
2
CH
2
-CONH
2



COOH

Based on the formula,we can deduce that

1. glutamine is soluble in water
2. glutamine shows optical isomerism
3. ammonia is liberated when glutamine is heated with aqueous sodium hydroxide.


50. The physical properties of a polymer can be altered by cross-linking.Cross-linking

1.makes the polymer harder
2.increases the melting point of the polymer.
3. causes the polymer to be insoluble in organic solvents.







End of the question paper
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962/2

TRIAL STPM 2010
(PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN STPM 2010)

CHEMISTRY (KIMIA)

PAPER 2 (KERTAS 2)

Two and a half hours (Dua jam setengah)




For examiners use

1


2


3


4


5


6


7


8


9


10



Total



This question paper consists of 10 printed pages.
Instructions to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL
YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Answer all questions in section A.Write your answers in the
spaces provided.All working should be shown.For numerical
answers,units should be quoted wherever they are appropriate.

Answer any four questions in section B.Write your answers on
the answer sheets provided.Begin each answer on a fresh sheet
of paper and arrange your answers in numerical order.Tie your
answer sheets to this question paper.
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SECTION A

Answer all question in this section

1. The reaction between hydrogen and iodine can be represented by the following
equation:
H
2
(g) + I
2
(g) 2HI(g) H =+52 kJ mol
1

Kinetic data are available for both forward and reverse reactions. A series of
experiments to investigate the kinetics of the forward reaction was carried out at
a constant temperature. The results are shown in Figure 1.
Experiment Initial
concentration of
H
2
/ mol dm
3

Initial
concentration of
I
2
/ mol dm
3

Initial rate
/ mol dm
3
s
1

1
2.0 10
3
3.0 10
3
l.2 10
6

2
6.0 10
3
3.0 10
3
3.6 10
6

3
6.0 10
3
6.0 10
3

7.2 10
6

Figure 1
(a) Explain the meaning of each of the following terms:
(i) rate constant;


(1)



(iii) overall order of reaction.

(2)




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(b) (i) Use the results in Figure 1 to work out the order of the forward
reaction with respect to both hydrogen and iodine, explaining your
reasoning.
(3)





(ii) Write the rate equation for the reaction between hydrogen and
iodine.


(1)
(iii) Calculate the value of the rate constant for the forward reaction and
give its units.




(2)
(c) The experiment was repeated with the following initial concentrations for
reactants:
[H
2
] =4.0 10
3
mol dm
3
[I
2
] =5.0 10
3
mol dm
3
Calculate the initial rate of the reaction.









(1)

(Total 10 marks)


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2. (a) Write an equation for the reaction which occurs when the weak acid HA is
added to water.

.......................................................................................................................
.
(1)
(b) Write an expression for the dissociation constant, K
a
, for the weak acid
HA.

.......................................................................................................................
.
(1)

(c) The dissociation of the acid HA is an endothermic process. Deduce the
effect, if any, of
(i) an increase in temperature on the value of the dissociation constant,
K
a
..............................................................................................................
(ii) an increase in temperature on the pH of an aqueous solution of the
acid
..............................................................................................................
(iii) an increase in the concentration of the acid on the value of K
a

..............................................................................................................
.
(3)
(d) Identify a compound which could be added to aqueous ethanoic acid so
that the pH of the resulting solution would not change significantly if a small
volume of dilute hydrochloric acid were added. State the name given to
solutions which behave in this way.

Compound......................................................................................................

Name..............................................................................................................
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(2)


(e) The diagram below shows the trend in the first ionisation energies of the
elements from neon to aluminium.

(i) Draw crosses on the graph to show the first ionisation energies of silicon,
phosphorus and sulphur.
(1)
(ii) Explain why the first ionisation energy of neon and that of magnesium are
both higher than that of sodium.
Explanation for neon

.......................................................................................................................

Explanation for magnesium

...................................................................................................................... (2)

(Total 10 marks)





Ne Na Mg Al Si P S
First
ionisation
energy
Element
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5



3. a. The ionic radius of the Group 2 element is given in the table below.
Ion Be
2+
Mg
2+
Ca
2+
Sr
2+
Ba
2+

Ionic radius (nm) 0.027 0.072 0.099 0.113 0.136

(i) Write the electronic configuration of Mg
2+
ion and Sr
2+
ion.
Mg
2+
ion :....................................................................................................................
Sr
2+
ion :.....................................................................................................................
(ii) How would you expect the ionic radius of Al
3+
ion to be compared to that of Mg
2+
ion. Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(iii) The hydrated Be
2+
ion has the formula, [Be(H
2
O)
4
]
2+
. State one property shown by
beryllium salts in water.
..................................................................................................................................
(5)
b. The carbonates of the Group 2 elements decompose on heating.
(i) Write the chemical equation for the decomposition of magnesium carbonate.
...................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain why magnesium carbonate does not decompose spontaneously.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(iv) The thermal stability of the carbonates increases with the proton number of the
element. Suggest an explanation for the effect of the size of the cation on the
thermal stability of the carbonates.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(5)
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6


4. a. Benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution reaction. In the nitration process,
nitrobenzene is obtained by the mixture of two acids and benzene.
(i) Name the two acids, the condition and write a balanced equation for the reaction.
Name of acids:............................................................................................................

Condition:...................................................................................................................

Equation:....................................................................................................................
(3)
(ii) State the electrophile in the above reaction.
...................................................................................................................................
(iii) Using balanced equations, describe the mechanism for the substitution reaction.



(iv) State one importance of benzene in the chemical industry.
.......................................................................................................................................
(4)
b. Give the structural formulae of the organic products formed from the following
reactions.
(i) CH
3
COCl + C
6
H
5
NH
2



(ii) CH
3
+ H
2
SO
4
conc


(iii) (CH
3
)
2
CCHCH
3
+ Br
2
(aq)
(3)

H
2
0
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SECTION B
Answer any 4 question in this section.
5. (a) Define the term electronegativity and explain why the electronegativity
values of the Group II elements BeBa decrease down the group.
(4)
(b) Name the strongest type of intermolecular force between hydrogen fluoride
molecules and draw a diagram to illustrate how two molecules of HF are
attracted to each other.
In your diagram show all lone pairs of electrons and any partial charges.
Explain the origin of these charges.
Suggest why this strong intermolecular force is not present between HI
molecules.
(7)
(c) Crystals of sodium chloride and of diamond both have giant structures.
Their melting points are 1074 K and 3827 K, respectively. State the type of
structure present in each case and explain why the melting point of
diamond is so high.
(4)
6. Methanol, CH
3
OH, is a convenient liquid fuel.
(a) An experiment was conducted to determine the enthalpy of combustion of
liquid methanol. The energy obtained from burning 2.12 g of methanol was
used to heat 150 g of water. The temperature of the water rose from 298
(i) Define the term standard enthalpy of combustion.
(ii) Use the data above to calculate a value for the enthalpy of
combustion of one mole of liquid methanol.
(7)
(b) Methanol can be synthesised from methane and steam by a process that
occurs in two stages.
Stage 1 CH
4
(g) +H
2
O(g) 3H
2
(g) +CO(g) is

Stage 2 CO(g) +2H
2
(g) CH
3
OH(g)

(i) Explain why, in Stage 1, a higher yield of hydrogen and carbon
monoxide is not obtained if the pressure is increased.
(ii) Stage 2 is carried out at a compromise temperature of 500K. By
considering what would happen at higher and lower temperatures,
explain why 500 K is considered to be a compromise for Stage 2.
(5)

H = +206 kJ mol
1
H = 91 kJ mol
1
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(c) The standard enthalpies of combustion of carbon monoxide and of hydrogen


are 283 kJ mol
1
and 286 kJ mol
1
, respectively. Use these data and the
enthalpy change for Stage 2 to calculate a value for the standard enthalpy of
combustion of gaseous methanol. (3)

7. (a) An solution of sodium chloride of concentration 2.00 mol dm
-3
is electrolysed for 25
minutes using graphite electrodes. The resulting solution is then treated with
hydrochloric acid of concentration 0.25 moldm
-3
. If the volume of hydrochloric acid
needed to complete titration is15.50 cm3, calculate the magnitude of the current
used during the electrolysis. (7)
(b) the partition coefficient for a solute S between ether and water is 12.50.
(i) Referring to solute S, ether and water, explain what is meant t by
partition law.
(ii) suggest the conditions at which the partition law holds true.
(iii) calculate the mass of S remaining in 25.0 cm
3
of water that originally
contains 8.00 g of S after separate extraction with 25.0 cm
3
of ether and
two separated portion of 12.50 cm
3
of ether. (8)

8. (a) By referring to the physical and chemical properties of aluminium, describe the
property of an aqueous solution of aluminium salt. (5)

(b) By writing equations for the reactions involved, explain;

(i) the reaction of anhydrous aluminium chloride with water.
(2)

(ii) why aluminium carbonate cannot be prepared from a solution containing
the Al
3+
ion. (4)

(iii) Aluminium chloride is a white solid that fumes in moist air and sublimes at 180
C. (4)

9. (a) The table below shows the molecular formulae and dissociation constants, K
b
at
25
0
C for ammonia, ethylamine and phenylamine.

Compound Formula K
b
/ moldm
-3

Ammonia NH
3
1.8 x 10
-5

Ethylamine CH
3
CH
2
NH
2
5.4 x 10
-4

Phenylamine C
6
H
5
NH
2
5.0 x 10
-10


(i) Arrange the compounds according to increasing basic strength.
(ii) Discuss the factors that determine the relative base strength of the compounds
above. (5)


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b. Give reagents, condition, and equations to show how each of the following compounds
can be prepared from methylbenzene in the laboratory.


(i) CONH
2



(ii) CH
2
OH


Explain one simple test to show the presence of hydroxyl group, -OH in compound (ii).
Write equations for reactions occurred. (10)


10. a. A sweet smelling liquid organic compound X has a molecular formula of C
10
H
12
O
2

undergoes acidic hydrolysis to produce an acid and an alcohol,Y. The alcohol Y reacts
with bromine water to produce a white precipitate. Reduction of X with lithium
tetrahydridoaluminate (III) followed by acid hydrolysis produces two alcohols Y and Z.
On dehydration by concentrated sulphuric acid, Z produces 2-methylpropene.
Determine the structures of X, Y and Z. Write equation for all the reactions involved.
Name compound X. (11)

b. Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds that are very important in the
synthesis of organic compounds.
(i) State how ethyl magnesium bromide can be prepared from a named haloalkane.
(ii) Write the reaction sequence in the preparation of 2-methyl-2-butanol from ethyl
magnesium bromide. (4)






END OF THE QUESTION PAPER










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Trial STPM 2010
Chemistry paper 1

Answers

1 D 26 B
2 B 27 B
3 B 28 D
4 A 29 C
5 D 30 C
6 B 31 A
7 A 32 D
8 D 33 C
9 B 34 D
10 C 35 A
11 A 36 C
12 A 37 A
13 C 38 D
14 D 39 A
15 B 40 D
16 C 41 B
17 A 42 D
18 C 43 B
19 A 44 D
20 B 45 A
21 C 46 C
22 A 47 B
23 A 48 B
24 B 49 D
25 C 50 D

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ANSWER AND MARK SCHEME

QUESTION 1
1. (a) (i) sum of dependent on 2
nd
mark or reference to orders (1)
powers in rate equation (1)
allow reference to annotated rate equation 2
(b) (i) (H
2
) 1 (1)
eg rate trebles as [H
2
] trebles not rate doubles as [H
2
] doubles (1)
(I
2
) 1 (1)
eg rate doubles as [I
2
] doubles (1)
mark these points independently
allow 1 mark for orders if not clear that both are first order 4
(ii) rate = k[H
2
][I
2
] (1)
must be [H2] not [H]
allow e.c.f from (b)(i)
allow mark for correct answer for (b)(ii), even if (b)(i) wrong 1
(iii) rearrange correctly
correct substitution and correct consequential answer (1)
correct units (mol
1
dm
3
s
1
) (1)
allow e.c.f. from (b)(ii)
allow e.c.f. for incorrect arrangement 2
(c) 4 10
6
(1)
allow e.c.f. from (b)(ii) and (b)(iii)
could be worked by ratio from values in table or from rate equation 1
[10]








QUESTION 2
2. (a) HA H
+
(aq) + A

(aq) or HA + H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ A

(1) 1
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1

(b) Ka = [H
+
][A

]/[HA] or Ka = [H
3
O
+
][A

]/[HA] (1) 1
(c) (i) Increases (1)
(ii) Decreases (1)
(iii) No change (1) 3
(d) Sodium ethanoate or sodium hydroxide (1)Buffer solution (1) 2
(e) (i)

(1)

(ii) Explanation for neon
Neons electron is in a lower (2p) shell attracted more strongly to (or less
shielded from) the nucleus (1)
Explanation for magnesium
more protons electrons in same shell or similar shielding (1)

(Total 10 marks)


Ne Na Mg Al Si P S
First
ionisation
energy
(1)
(1)
(1)
Element
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2

QUESTION 3
3. a. (i) Mg
2+
ion: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
[ 1 ]
Sr
2+
ion: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
2
4p
6
[ 1 ]
(ii) Al
3+
ion is smaller than Mg
2+
ion. [ 1 ]
Al
3+
ion and Mg
2+
ion are isoelectronic. However the nuclear charge in Al
3+
is [ 1 ]
higher than that in Mg
2+
ion. Hence the size of Al
3+
ion is smaller.

(iii) An aqueous solution of beryllium salt shows acidic properties due to the
dissociation of the dehydrated Be
2+
ion. [ 1 ]
b. (i) MgCO
3
(s) MgO(s) + CO
2
(g) [ 1 ]
(ii) The activation energy for the reaction is high. [ 1 ]
At room temperature the particles do not have enough energy to overcome
the activation energy. [ 1 ]

(iii) As the size of the cation increases, the charge density and the polarising [ 1 ]
power towards the CO
3
2-
decreases. Hence the carbonates become more
stable. [ 1 ]
Total : [ 15 ]



QUESTION 4

4. a. (i) Concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid. [ 1 ]
Temperature not exceeding 55
0
C [ 1 ]
C
6
H
6
+ HNO
3
2HSO
4
--
+ NO
2
+
+ H
3
O
+
[ 1 ]
(ii) Nitronium ion, NO
2
+
[ 1 ]
(iii) Step 1
+ NO
2
+


H [ 1 ]
NO
2
Step 2
H NO
2
+ H
+
[ 1 ]
NO
2


(iv) Benzene is used as a solvent for oils and fats / can be converted to
Cumene, used for making phenol. [ 1 ]




+
+
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3

b. (i) CH
3
CONHC
6
H
5
[ 1 ]
OH
(ii) CH
3
[ 1 ]

(iii) (CH
3
)
2
C(OH)CH
2
CH
3
[ 1 ]
TOTAL : [15]



SECTION B
5(a) Tendency or strength or ability or power of an atom/element/nucleus to 1
attract/withdraw electrons / e

density / bonding pair / shared pair


In a covalent bond 1
(tied to M1 unless silly slip in M1)
(If molecule/ion then = CE = 0) (NOT electron
(singular) for M1)
Mark as 2 +2

Increase in size or number of shells or increased shielding or bonding 1
electrons further from nucleus
[NOT increase in number of electrons]
Decreased attraction for (bonding) electrons 1
(tied to M3)
(If ion here, lose M3 and M4) (NOT attraction of
covalent bond)
(Ignore reference to proton number or effective
nuclear charge)
(b) Hydrogen bonding (full name) 1
Diagram shows at least one
+
H and at least one

F 1
(If full charges shown, M2 = 0)
3 lone pairs shown on at least one fluorine atom 1
H-bond indicated, between H and a lone pair on F

(If atoms not identified, zero for diag)
(Fl for fluorine - mark to Max 2)
(Max 1 if only one HF molecule shown, or HCl
shown)
Dipole results from electronegativity difference or values quoted 1
(difference may be inferred)
H F H F
+ +
: :
: :
. .
. .
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4

(Allow explanation e.g. F attracts bonding
electrons more strongly than H)
Fluorine more/very electronegative or iodine less electronegative 1
or electronegativity difference too small in HI
Comparison required, may be implied.
HI dipole weaker or bonding e

more equally shared - wtte 1


(c) NaCl is ionic (lattice) 1
(Treat atoms/molecules as a contradiction)
(Accept cubic lattice)
Diamond is macromolecular/giant covalent/giant atomic/giant molecular 1
(NOT molecular or tetrahedral)
(Ionic/van der Waals = CE = 0)
(Many) covalent/C-C bonds need to be broken / overcome 1
(NOT just weakened etc.)
(Covalent may be inferred from diagram)
(Treat diagram of graphite (without one of diamond)
as a contradiction lose M2 but allow M3/M4])
Which takes much energy or covalent bonds are strong 1

[15]


QUESTION 6
(a) (i) enthalpy change when 1 mol of a substance (or compound) 1
is (completely) burned in oxygen (or reacted in excess oxygen) 1
at 298 K and 100 kPa (or under standard conditions) 1

(ii) heat produced = mass of water Sp heat capacity x T (or mcT) 1
= 1504.1864 (note if mass = 2.12 lose first 2 marks then conseq)
= 40100 J or = 40.1 kJ (allow 39.9-40.2 must have correct units) 1
moles methanol = mass/M
r
= 2.12/32 (1) 1
= 0.0663
H = 40.1/0.0663 = 605 kJ (mol
1
) 1
(allow 602 to 608 or answer in J)
(note allow conseq marking after all mistakes but
note use of 2.12 g loses 2 marks

(b) (i) equilibrium shifts to left at high pressure 1
because position of equilibrium moves to favour fewer moles (of gas) 1
(ii) at high temperature reaction yield is low (or at low T yield is high) 1
at low temperature reaction is slow (or at high T reaction is fast) 1
therefore use a balance (or compromise) between rate and yield 1
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5

(c) H = H
c

(reactants) H
c

(products) (or correct cycle) 1
H
c

(CH
3
OH) = H
c

(CO) + 2 H
c

(H
2
) H 1
= (283) + (2 286) (91) (mark for previous equation or this)
= 764 (kJ mol
1
) ( units not essential but lose mark if units wrong) 1
(note + 764 scores 1/3)
[15]

7. (a) During the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride, hydrogen is liberated at the
cathode (1)
While chlorine is liberated at the anode. (1)
At the cathode,
4OH
-
2H
2
O + O
2
+ 4e
Hence for every mole of electron that passes through the electrolyte, one mole of
NaOH will be produced. (1)
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O
0.25 x 15.50
No of moles of HCl used in titration = ------------------- = 3.88 x 10
-3
mol (1)
1000

No of moles of NaOH produced = 3.88 x 10
-3
mol (1)
Quantity of charge required ,
Q = 3.88 x 10
-3
mol x 96500 C = 374.4 C

Using Q = It,
374.4 = I x 25 x 60
I = 0.25 A/ (1)

(b) (i) The partition law states that a solute, s distributes itself between the two
Immiscible solvents, ether and water in such a way that the ration of the
concentrations in the two solvent is constant. (1)

Concentration of S in ether
--------------------------------- = 12.50
Concentration of S in water (1)

(ii) The partition law only holds when the temperature is constant and the molecular condition
in both solvents. (2)
(iii) single extraction
Let a be the amount of S left in the aqueous layer,
8.00 a
---------- = 12.50
a
a = 0.59 g (1)

1
st
portion in 2 extractions,
Let b be the amount of S left in the aqueous layer,
(8.00 b)/12.50
-------------------- = 12.50
b/25.0
b = 4.00 g (1)

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6

2
nd


portion in 2 extractions,
Let b be the amount of S left in the aqueous layer,
(8.00 1.10 - c)/12.50
----------------------------- = 12.50
c/25.0
c = 2.00 g [ 1 ]

total extraction = 4 + 2 = 6.00 g [ 1 ]
______
[ 15 ]


8. a. In aqueous solution, the Al
3+
ion which has the empty valence orbitals [ 1 ]
forms coordinate bond with water molecules producing [Al(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
[ 1 ]
complex ions.
The Al
3+
ion has a small ionic radius and a high charge density. [ 1 ]
In the coordinated H
2
O molecule, the O-H bond is weakened as the
electrons of the oxygen atom are strongly attracted towards the Al
3+
ion.
The complex ion acts as a Bronsted- Lowry acid by donating a proton
to an uncoordinated H
2
O molecule forming the H
3
O
+
ion which makes [ 1 ]
the solution acidic.

[Al(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
(aq) + H
2
O(l) [Al(H
2
O)
5
OH]
2+
(aq) + H
3
O
+
(l)

[ 1 ]

(i) Al
2
Cl
6
(s) + 12H
2
O(l) 2[Al(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
(aq) + 6Cl
-
[ 1 ]

Anhydrous aluminium chloride exists as a dimer which dissolves [ 1 ]
in water forming [Al(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
and Cl
-
ions.

(ii) 2[Al(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
(aq) + 3CO
3
2-
(aq) 2[Al(H
2
O)
3
(OH)
3
](s) + [ 1 ]
3 CO
2
(g) + 3H
2
O(l)

The Al
3+
ion solution contains the [Al(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
complex ion which
forms the solid aluminium hydroxide with a strong base such as [ 1 ]
a carbonate or a sulphide.
Aluminium carbonate and aluminium sulphide are not formed in [ 1 ]
the reaction between the Al
3+
(aq) solution with sodium carbonate
or sodium sulphide solutions.

2[Al(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
(aq)

+ 3S
2-
(aq) 2[Al(H
2
O)
3
(OH)
3
](s) + [ 1 ]
3H
2
S (g)

(iii) Aluminium chloride is a simple covalent compound. The molecules are
held by weak van der Waals forces. [ 1 ]
It has a low melting point and sublimes at 180
0
C. [ 1 ]
It fumes in moist air because of hydrolysis. [ 1 ]
The white fume is hydrogen chloride gas.
AlCl
3
(s) + 3H
2
O (l) Al(OH)
3
( s) + 3HCl (g) [ 1 ]
_______
[ 15 ]


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7

9. a (i) phenylamine < ammonia < ethylamine [ 1 ]
(ii) The strength of a base depends on its ability to donate its lone pair [ 1 ]
electrons for sharing with a proton.
In phenylamine, the lone pair electron on N atom is delocalised into [ 1 ]
the ring.
The p orbital of N atom overlaps with those of the carbon atoms in
the ring. Thus it is not readily shared with protons. [ 1 ]
In ethylamine, the ethyl group has an electron donating effect. [ 1 ]
This makes the lone pair electron on N atom more available for
sharing with protons.


b. (i) Add acidified KMnO
4
to methylbenzene and heat. [ 1 ]
Benzoic acid is formed.
C
6
H
5
CH
3
+ 3[O] C
6
H
5
COOH + H
2
O [ 1 ]
Add PCl
5
and heat, benzoyl chloride is formed [ 1 ]
C
6
H
5
COOH + PCl
5
C
6
H
5
COCl + POCl
3
[ 1 ]
Add concentrated ammonia
C
6
H
5
COCl

+ NH
3
C
6
H
5
CONH
2
+ HCl [ 1 ]


(ii)Chlorine gas , sunlight and boiling methylbenzene [ 1 ]
Chloromethylbenzene is formed
C
6
H
5
CH
3
+ Cl
2
C
6
H
5
CH
2
Cl + HCl [ 1 ]
Add aqueous sodium hydroxide and reflux
C
6
H
5
CH
2
Cl + NaOH C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH + NaCl [ 1 ]

To prove the presence of OH group in (ii), add PCl
5
[ 1 ]
White fumes of hydrogen chloride is observed
C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH + PCl
5
C
6
H
5
CH
2
Cl + HCl + POCl
3
[ 1 ]
_____
[ 15 ]

10. a. X is an ester ( sweet smelling liquid ) [ 1 ]
Y is phenol ( formation of white precipitate with bromine water ) [ 1 ]
Reduction of X would produce two alcohols. Y is a tertiary alcohol [ 1 ]
And Z is a primary alcohol.

Structure of X
CH
3
O
CH
3
C C O [ 1 ]
H
Name of X : phenyl-2-methylpropanoate [ 1 ]





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8

Hydrolysis of X :

CH
3
O
CH
3
C C O + H
2
O [ 1 ]
H

(CH
3
)
2
CHCOOH + OH

(Y) [ 1 ]


Reaction of Y with bromine water
Br
OH + 3 Br
2
Br OH + 3HBr [ 1 ]
Br




Reduction of X :

CH
3
O
CH
3
C C O + 4[H] (CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
OH (Z) [ 1 ]
H
+ OH [ 1 ]

Dehydration of Z :

(CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
OH (CH
3
)
2
C= CH
2
+ H
2
O [ 1 ]


b. (i) Ethyl magnesium bromide can be prepared by heating
bromoethane with magnesium metal [ 1 ]
at 35
0
C in dry ether [ 1 ]

(ii)CH
3
CH
2
MgBr + CH
3
COCH
3
CH
3
CH
2
C(CH
3
)
2
+ MgBr
+
[ 1 ]
O
-

CH
3
CH
2
C(CH
3
)
2
+ MgBr
+
+ H2O CH
3
CH
2
C(CH
3
)
2
+ Mg(OH)Br [ 1 ]
O
-
_____
[ 15 ]








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