Sub: Transportation Engineering

Topic : Geometric Design

MODULE- 87B
Highway Planning, Geometric Design of highways

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1. The ruling minimum radius of horizontal curve of a national highway in plain terrain for a fuling design speed of 100 km/hour with e = 0.07 and f = 0.15 is close to (A) 250 m (B) 360 m (C) 36 m
2. (A) Directly proportional to each other (B) Inversely proportional to each other (C) Unrelated (D) Either directly or inversely proportional to each other depending on the nature of pavement 6. Design rate of super elevation for horizontal highway curve of radius 450 m for a mixed traffic condition, having a speed of 125 km/hour is (A) 1.0 (C) 0.07 (B) 0.05 (D) 0.154 7. The design speed for a National Highway is 100 kmph. If the maximum permissible superelevation is 0.10 and the coefficient of lateral friction is 0.15, the ruling minimum radius of horizontal curve on the highway should be (a) 260 m (b) 315 m (c) 380 m (d) 410 m The Star and Grid pattern of road network was adopted in (a) Nagpur Road Plan (b) Lucknow Road Plan (c) Bombay Road Plan (d) Delhi Road Plan For a road with camber of 3% and the design speed of 80 km/hr, the minimum radius of the curve, beyond which NO superelevation is neded, is (a) 1680m (b) 948 m (c) 406 m (d) 280 m The co-efficient of friction in the longitudinal direction of a highway is estimated as 0.396. The breaking distance for a new car moving at a speed of 65 km/hr is (a) 87 m (b) 45 m (c) 42 m (d) 40 m

(D) 300 m

3. A valley curve has a descending gradient of 1 in 40 followed by an ascending gradient of 1 in 50. The length of the valley curve required for a design speed of 80 km/hour for comfort condition is (A) 199 m (B) 116 m (C) 58 m
4.

8.

(D) 37 m

A car is moving at a speed of 72 km/hr on a road having 2% upward gradient. The driver applies brakes when he sees an obstruction. If his reaction time is 1.5 seconds, assuming that the co-efficient of friction between the pavement and tyre as 0.15, calculate the distance traversed before the car finally stops. (A) 24 m (B) 150 m

9.

(C) 1056 m (D) 324 m 5. Stopping sight distance and frictional coefficients are

10. The length of Summit Curve on a two lane two way highway depends upon (a) allowable rate of change of centrifugal acceleration (b) coefficient of lateral friction

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Sub: Transportation Engineering

(c) required Stopping Sight Distance (d) required Overtaking Sight Distance 11. A road is having a horizontal curve of 400 m radius on which a super-elevation of 0.07 is provided. The coefficient of lateral friction mobilized on the curve when a vehicle is travelling at 100 kmph is (a) 0.07 (b) 0.13 (c) 0.15 (d) 0.4 12. A vehicle moving at 60 kmph on an ascending gradient of a highway has to come to stop position to avoid collision with a stationary object. The ratio of lag to brake distance is 6 : 5. Considering total reaction time of the driver as 2.5 Considering total reaction time of the driver as 2.5 seconds and the coefficient of longitudinal friction as 0.36, the value of ascending gradient (%) is (a) 3.3 (b) 4.8 (c) 5.3 (d) 6.8 13. At a horizontal curve portion of a 4 lane undivided carriageway, a transition curve is to be introduced to attain required superelevation. The design speed is 60 kmph and radius of the curve is 245 m. Assume length of wheel base of a longest vehicle as 6 m, superelevation rate as 5% and rate of introduction of this superelevation as 1 in 150. The length of the transition curve (m) required, if the pavement is rotated about inner edge is. (a) 81.4 (b) 85.0 (c) 91.5 (d) 110.2 14. The extra widening required for a two-lane national highway at a horizontal curve of 300 m radius, considering a wheel base of 8 m and a design speed of 100 kmph is (a) 0.42 m (b)0.62 m (c) 0.82 m (d) 0.92 m 15. While designing a hill road with a ruling gradient of 6%, if a sharp horizontal curve of 50 m radius is encountered, the compensated gradient at the curve as per the Indian Roads Congress specifications should be (a) 4.4% (b) 4.75% (c) 5.0% (d) 5.25% 16. The design speed on a road is 60 kmph. Assuming the driver reaction time of 2.5 seconds and coefficient of friction of pavement surface as 0.35, the required stopping distance for two-way traffic on a single lane road is (a) 82.1 m (b) 102.4 m (c) 164.2 m (d) 186.4 m 17. A road is provided with a horizontal circular curve having deflection angle of 55 and centre

Topic : Geometric Design

line radius of 250 m. A transition curve is to be provided at each end of the circular curve of such a length that the rate of gain of radial acceleration is 0.3m/s3 at a speed of 50 km per hour. Length of the transition curve required at each of the ends is (A) 2.57 m (B) 33.33 m (C) 35.73 m (D) 1666.67 m 18. A horizontal circular curve with a centre line radius of 200 m is provided on a 2-lane, 2-way SH section. The width of the 2-lane road of 7.0 m. Design speed for this section is 80 km per hour. The brake reaction time is 2.4 s, and the coefficients of friction in longitudinal and lateral directions are 0.355 and 0.15, respectively. a) The safe stopping sight distance on the section is (A) 221m (B) 195 m (C) 125m (D)65 m b) The set-back distance from the centre line of the inner lane is (A)7.93 m(B)8.10 m(C)9.60 m (D) 9.77 m 19. The value of lateral friction or side friction used in the design of horizontal curve as per India Roads Congress guidelines is (A)0.40 (B) 0.35 (C)0.24 (D) 0.15 20. A rest vertical curve joins two gradients of +3% and -2% for a design speed of 80km/h and the corresponding stopping sight distance of 120m. The height of driver's eye and the object above the road surface are 1.20m and 0.15m respectively. The curve length (which is less than stopping sight distance) to be provided is (A)120m (B)152m (C)163m (D)240m 21. Consider the following statements in the context of geometric design of roads. I: A simple parabolic curve is an acceptable shape for summit curves II: Comfort to passengers is an important consideration in the design of summit curves The correct option evaluating the above statements and their relationship is (A) I is true, II is false (B) I is true, II is true, and II is the correct reason for I (C) I is true, II is true and II is NOT the correct reason for I (D) I is false, II is true 22. The design speed for a two-lane road is 80 kmph. When a design vehicle with a wheel base of 6.6 m is negotiating a horizontal curve on that road, the off tracking is measured as 0.096 m. The required widening or

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Sub: Transportation Engineering

carriageway of the two-lane road on the curve is approximately (A) 0.55 m (B) 0.65 m (C) 0.75 m (D) 0.85 m 23. A vehicle negotiates a transition curve with uniform speed v. If the radius of the horizontal curve and the allowable jerk are R and J, respectively, the minimum length of the transition curve is (A) (B) (C) (D) 24. If v is the initial speed of a vehicle, g is the gravitational acceleration, is the upward longitudinal slope of the road and , is the coefficient of rolling friction during braking, the braking distance (measured horizontally) for the vehicle to stop is (A) (C) (B) (D)

Topic : Geometric Design

28. Consider a driver approaching a hazard at 90 with a PIEV time of 2.5 sec. the distance traveled during the perception reaction time is most nearly a) 30m b) 50m c) 63m d) 250m Ans: c 29. A driver travelling at 45 sec a stalled car 120 ft ahead. If the driver applies the breaks immediately (PIEV time =0) and begins slowing the vehicle at 18 , the distance the vehicle will travel before stopping, most nearly a) 90 ft b) 119 ft c) 121 ft d) 180 ft. Ans: c 30. Determine the breaking distance for the following situations: (i) a vehicle moving on a positive 3% grade at an initial speed of 50 kmph, final speed 20kmph (ii) a vehicle moving on a 3% downhill grade at an initial speed of 50 kmph, final speed 20 kmph and (iii) a vehicle moving on a level road at an initial speed of 50 hmph final speed 0 kmph. Also determine the stopping distance for (iv) assume coefficient of rolling friction to be 0.5 and the perception time to be 2.5s. Ans:15.58m,17.57m, 19.67m, 54.39m.

25. Road roughness is measured using (A) Benkelman beam (B) Bump integrator (C) Dynamic cone penetrometer (D) Falling weight deflectometer 26. The following data are related to a horizontal curved portion of a two-lane highway: length of curve = 200 m, radius of curve = 300 m and width of pavement = 7.5 m. In order to provide a stopping sight distance (SSD) of 80 m, the set back distance (in m) required from the centre line of the inner lane of the pavement is (A) 2.54 (B) 4.55 (C) 7.10 (D) 7.96 27. For a portion of national highway where a descending gradient of 1 in 25 meets with an ascending gradient of 1 in 20, a valley curve needs to be designed for a vehicle travelling at 90 kmph based on the following conditions. (i) headlight sight distance equalto the stopping sight distance (SSD) of a level terrain consideringlength of valley curve> SSD. (ii) comfort condition with allowablerate of change of centrifugal acceleration = 0.5 m/sec3. Assume total reaction time = 2.5 seconds; coefficient of longitudinal friction of the pavement= 0.35; height of head light of the vehicle =0.75 m; andbeam angle = 1. a). What is the length of valley curve (in m) based on the head light sight distance condition? b). What is the length of valley curve (in m)based on the comfort condition?

31. A vertical curve is required to join a road with +3% grades to a road with 2.5% grades. The design speed of road is 100 kmph. The VPI is located at coordinates (1000, 100). Further, the midpoint of an overhead electric of transmission line of width 5m crosses the road at a distance of 1100 m so that a SSD of 118m. determine the length of curve.. Ans: Assume S L= 2S

= 2*180Actually

= 280m

S L=

= 405m.

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Sub: Transportation Engineering

Topic : Geometric Design

0.15). if the curve is to be improved to a design speed of 110 kmph, the minimum radius of curvature is most nearly. 37. A crest vertical curve joins a + 2% grade with -2% grade on a section of highway with a 50 kmph speed. If the PIEV time is 2.5 sec, the minimum length of curve to provide SSD.

32. a vertical curve joins a +0.5% grade with a +3.5% grade the VPI is at co-ordinates (500, 50) from a bench mark points. Due to certain other traffic flow related considerations, a passing (or overtaking ) sight distance of 470m is required on the curve. Determine the length of curve Assume design speed of 80 kmph Ans: N= = 0.035 - 0.005 = 0.03 Assume = 0.75 and S L= 2S = 2* 470 =343m 33. Identify the sag and crest curves from the following. a) curve joining a + 2% slope to a -2% slope. b) -2% to +2% c) +2% to +0% d) + 2% to +3% e) -1% to -2% f) -3% to - 2% 34. In designing a vertical curve joining a +2% grade and a-2% grade on a rural arterial highway, the length of the curve must be limited to 210m because of topographical and right of way restrictions. Determine the maximum safe speed on this section of the highway. Ans. Assume S<L L=

38. Calculate SSD for V= 50 kmph for (a) two way traffic in a two lane road (b) two way traffic in single lane road=0.37, t=2.5 Ans:61.4, 122.8m 39. Find minimum sight distance to avoid head on collision of two cars approaching at 90 kmph and 60 kmph. Given t=2.5sec f=0.7. and break efficiency of 50% in either case Ans:235.8m 40. Find SSD for a descending gradient of 2% for V=80kmph Ans:132m 41. Find head light sight distance and intermediate sight distance for V=65kmph,f=0.36, t=2.5 sec Ans: 91.4m, 182.8m 42. Overtaking and overtaken vehicles are at 70 and 40 kmpph. Respectively. Find (i) OSD (ii) min and desirable length of overtaking zone a=0.99 Ans:278m, 834/1390m 43. Calculate OSD for V=96kmph. Assume all other data. Ans: OSD one way:342m OSD two way : 646m. 44. A national highway passing through a rolling terrain has two horizontal curves of radius 450m and 150m. design the required super elevation for the curves as per IRC guideline. 45. Given R=100m, V=50kmph, f=0.15 find a) e if full lateral friction is assumed to develop Ans:0.047 b) find f needed if no super elevation is provide Ans: 0.197 c) find equilibrium super elevation if pressure on inner and outer wheel should be equal (Hint:f=0) Ans 0.197

= Vt +

=210

S=151m

131= V*2.5+ Solving we get V = 35. Determine the minimum length of a highway crest vertical curve connecting a + 3.5% grade to a -3.5% grade on a rural interstate highway if the design speed is 110 kmph. SSD= *2.5+

228 m Assume S<L = = 827 m. 36. A horizontal curve has a radius of 237 m. determine the maximum permissible speed on the curve (assume e=0.07 and f =

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Sub: Transportation Engineering

46. Lane road , V= 80 kmph , R=480 m, width of pavement at the horizontal curve =7.5m (i) design super elevation for mixed traffic (ii) By how much the other edge of the pavement is to be raised w.r.t. centerline, if the pavement is rotated w.r.t centerline. Ans:(i) 0.059 (ii) 0.22m. 47. Design rate of super elevation for a horizontal highway curve of radius 500m and speed 100 kmph. 48. Given V=80kmph, R = 200m , design super elevation. 49. Calculate the ruling minimum and absolute minimum radius of horizontal curve of a NH in plain terrain.[Hint =80kmph] Ans:360m,230m.

Topic : Geometric Design

Ans: a) =6. , 4.4 m (b)OSD>L, for multi lane width d= 1.9, m=26.8m. 55. A vertical summit curve is formed by =+3% and =-5.0%. design the length of the summit curve for V=80kmph. Ans 298m. 56. = and = , SSD=180m, OSD= 640m. Due to site constraints, L is Limited to 500m. Calculate the length of summit curve to meet SSD, ISD, OSD. Ans: L for SSD= 240m ok. L for OSD = 1387m> 500m not ok L for ISD = 439 m ok.

50. Find an extra widening for W=7m, R=250m,longest wheel base l=7m, v=70kmph.(Hint n=2) Ans: 0.662m 51. Find the width of a pavement on a horizontal curve for a new NH on rolling terrain. Assume all date (Hint v=80kmph for rolling terrain , w= 7.0m n=2,l=6m, e=0.07,f=0.15) Ans: , =0.71. 52. Calculate the length of transition curve and shift for V=65kmph R=220m, rate of introduction of super elevation is 1 in 150. W+ =7.5m (Hint c=0.57) Ans: L = 47.1m L =39m. L =51.9m S=0.51m.

53. NH passing through rolling terrain of heavy rainfall area, R=500m, design length of transition curve. (Hint: rotated w.r.t. inner, N=1 in 10) Ans. L =42.3m, L =63.7m, e=0.057 w+we=7.45, L =34.6 and Ls=64m 54. Horizontal curve of R= 400m, L =200m. compute set back distance required to provide (a) SSD of 90m, (b) OSD of 300m. distance between centre line of road and inner lane (d) is 1.9m

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