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SENSIBILITZACI EN PAISATGE RAISING AWARENESS ON LANDSCAPE

Qu sentn per paisatge: algunes precisions

En els mbits cientc i acadmic, hi ha mltiples denicions de paisatge associades a disciplines i escoles de pensament diverses, cadascuna de les quals sesfora per denir-lo de manera molt precisa, posant latenci en uns components o altres i buscant una explicaci o una altra. En la vida quotidiana, el paisatge s un concepte ds ests i colloquial i tamb de signicat vague i polismic. Es fa servir amb signicats diferents i sovint es confon amb altres conceptes prxims, en especial amb el de territori o el de medi ambient, per aix, a efectes dels objectius daquesta publicaci, conv establir les diferncies entre aquestes tres idees:
El concepte de territori es refereix al

What is understood by landscape: a few clarications

In the scientic and academic spheres, there are multiple denitions of landscape associated with different disciplines and schools of thought, each one of which strives to dene it in a highly precise manner, focusing on one or another component and searching for one or another type of explanation. In everyday life, landscape is a widespread and colloquial concept of use and also one with a vague and polysemic signicance. It is used with different meanings by people and is often taken for other closely related concepts, especially for territory or environment, which is why, for the purposes of this publication, it is advisable to establish the differences between these three ideas:
The concept of territory refers to a

conjunt delements, tant esttics com dinmics, disposats duna manera determinada (conguraci territorial), que formen el marc fsic en el qual es desenvolupen les activitats humanes.

suite of both static and dynamic elements arranged in a particular way (territorial conguration), which form the physical framework in which human activities take place.

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 El concepte de medi ambient es

The concept of environment refers to

refereix al sistema delements naturals interrelacionats, i modicats per lacci humana que condiciona i congura el marc de vida dels ssers vius. Per tant, est format pel conjunt de components fsicoqumics, biolgics i socioeconmics que interaccionen i existeixen en un lloc i un moment concret.
El concepte de paisatge es refereix a la

the system of natural interconnected elements, modied by human action, that condition and congure the framework of life for living beings. It is thus formed by a suite of physicochemical, biological and socioeconomic components that interact and exist in a specic place and time.
The concept of landscape refers to

fesomia que mostra un territori deter-

minat, com a resultat de les interaccions que es produeixen entre els diversos components, i a la manera com s percebut per la poblaci. El focus datenci dels tres conceptes s el marc fsic en el qual es desenvolupa la vida amb tots els seus components. Ara b, quan es parla de paisatge es fa referncia a la percepci de lentorn amb els sentits, a com sinterpreta amb els coneixements i tamb a com aquest se sent i com es viu sota la inuncia de les emocions personals i de la cultura en la qual hom est immers. Tant si parlem de percepci personal com social, el paisatge s una noci carregada de signicats, que cada persona o societat veu amb la seva prpia ptica i que, tot i aix, presenta trets i connotacions compartides.

the features displayed by a particular territory as a result of the interactions that take place between the various components and the way in which it is perceived by the population. The focus of attention of the three concepts is the physical framework in which life takes place, with all of its components, but when speaking of landscape we are referring to the perception of the surroundings through the senses, to how they are interpreted through knowledge and also of how it is felt and how it is lived under the inuence of the personal emotions and the culture in which we are immersed. Whether we speak of personal or social perception, the landscape is a notion charged with signicance that each person or society sees through its own optic and that nevertheless presents shared traits and connotations.

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CONVeNI eUROPeU Del PAISATGe (CEP)

Article 1.a.
El terme paisatge designa una part del territori tal com la percep la poblaci, el carcter de la qual resulta de lacci dels factors naturals i/o humans i de les relacions que sestableixen entre ells. Sense excloure la pertinncia, utilitat i valor daltres conceptualitzacions del paisatge, en aquesta publicaci es parteix de la denici de paisatge del CEP. Com a trets especialment rellevants cal destacar que s una denici:
Consensuada,

EUROPeAN LANDSCAPe CONVeNTION (ELC)

Article 1.a.
The term landscape designates a part of the territory as it is perceived by the population, the character of which results from the action of natural and/or human factors and of the relations established between them. Without excluding the pertinence, usefulness and value of other conceptualisations of the landscape, this publication uses as its basis the ELCs denition of landscape. As particularly relevant traits, we must emphasise that this denition is:
Agreed,

que gaudeix del mxim reconeixement a escala europea. resultat de levoluci progressiva del terme des del seu naixement (quan sassociava bsicament a paisatges excelsos i de bellesa excepcional) fins als nostres dies (quan es considera que tot entorn en tant que entorn percebut, mereix ser considerat com a paisatge). inserida en un instrument el CEP que t per objectiu contribuir a levoluci harmnica dels paisatges al llarg del temps. que no persegueix la fixaci del paisatge en un estat determinat, sin, sobretot, que levoluci inherent a la seva condici canviant tingui lloc de manera conscient i harmnica. basada en la consideraci que el paisatge no existeix en tant que entitat independent, sin com a resultat de la percepci per part dun espectador. que inclou com a component essencial del paisatge la societat i els efectes de les seves actuacions. Qu s la sensibilitzaci?

enjoying a maximum of recognition across Europe the result of the gradual evolution of the term since its inception (when it was basically associated with sublime, exceptionally beautiful landscapes) until the present day (when it is considered that any environment insofar as it is perceived deserved to be considered a landscape). part of an instrument the ELC that has the goal of contributing to the harmonious evolution of landscapes over time. one that does not pursue fixing the landscape in a particular state but, above all, that the evolution inherent to its changing condition occurs in a conscious and harmonious manner. based on the consideration that landscape does not exist as an independent entity but as the result of a spectators perception. which includes society and the effects of its actions as an essential component of the landscape.

Contempornia,

Contemporary,

Operativa,

Operative,

Dinmica,

Dynamic,

Perceptiva,

Perceptive,

Social,

Social,

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Qu s la sensibilitzaci?
La paraula sensibilitzaci sutilitza amb freqncia en molts mbits diferents (entre ells el del paisatge) per referir-se a la noci general de desvetllar linters envers alguna determinada qesti. Es tracta dun mot de signicat ampli i difs que sovint es fa servir amb matisos diferents. Amb tot, hi ha tres aspectes comuns i, duna forma general, la sensibilitzaci sassocia a:
una qesti necessria i positiva, per

What is raising awareness?

The words raising awareness are often used in many different spheres (among them landscape) to refer to the general notion of awakening interest in a particular issue. These words have a wideranging and diffuse meaning and are often used with different nuances. There are nevertheless three common aspects and, in a general way, raising awareness is associated with:
a necessary and positive issue, but not

no gaire til ni efectiva;

una relaci amb elements intangibles

a very useful or effective one

a relationship with intangible elements

com les percepcions, les emocions o les idees;

un procs, una transici entre estats

such as perceptions, emotions or ideas

a process, a transition between differ-

ent states. Etymologically, raising awareness, or sensitising, is the process of endowing someone with sensitivity, that is, the process through which someone comes to perceive a specic reality through the senses or acquires knowledge through a sensorial or intellectual activity.

diferents. Etimolgicament, la sensibilitzaci s el procs de dotar alg de sensibilitat, s a dir, el procs pel qual alg passa a percebre pels sentits una determinada realitat o b adquireix coneixements a travs de lactivitat sensorial o intellectual.

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ETIMOlOGIA
Sensibilitzaci

ETYMOlOGY
To sensitise
Action

Acci de fer sensible.

of making sensitive.

Sensible
Capa Que

Sensitive
Capable

de ser percebut pels sentits.

of being perceived through the

fcilment es deixa dur pels sentiments. es modifica segons els agents o les influncies exteriors. de sensibilitat.

senses.
One One

who is easily led by feelings.

Que

that is modified according to exterior agents or influences. with sensitivity.

Dotat

Endowed

Sensibilitat
Facultat mbit

Sensitivity
The

de sentir, de percebre pels sentits.

del coneixement determinat per lactivitat sensorial o intellectual. a ser afectat per les menors impressions fsiques o morals. a deixar-se emportar pels sentiments de compassi, de tendresa. duna cosa a ser modificada per un agent natural, una influncia fsica, etc.

faculty of feeling, of perceiving through the senses. of knowledge determined by sensorial or intellectual activity. of being affected by the smallest physical or moral impressions. of being transported by feelings of compassion, of tenderness. susceptibility of something to being modified by a natural agent, a physical influence, etc.

Sphere

Facilitat

Ease

Facilitat

Ease

Facilitat

The

La sensibilitzaci s la revelaci duna realitat que ns a un moment determinat no es percebia, s a dir, ladopci dun punt de vista diferent que permet descobrir noves perspectives. Tothom ha experimentat la manera com un esdeveniment o una informaci puntual poden canviar la percepci de la realitat sense que aquesta shagi vist modicada. s el que passa, per exemple, quan alg es trenca la cama i de sobte percep que hi ha molta gent amb problemes de mobilitat i sadona de la presncia dinnombrables obstacles arquitectnics
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Sensitising is the revelation of a reality that up to a certain moment had not been perceived, the adoption of a different point of view that allows us to discover new perspectives. Everyone has experienced the manner in which a sporadic event or information can change the perception of reality without it having been modied. This is what happens, for example, when one breaks a leg and suddenly perceives many people with problems of mobility and becomes aware of the presence of innumerable architectural obstacles that had hitherto gone unnoticed.
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que ns llavors li havien passat inadvertits. La sensibilitzaci s un procs similar a laprenentatge perqu, grcies a lexperincia i a la inuncia de les altres persones, descobreix realitats desconegudes ns al moment. Aquest procs t lloc tota la vida de manera espontnia: a mesura que la personalitat es desenvolupa, sadquireixen coneixements i la percepci del mn es modica. La sensibilitat s, doncs, un tret en evoluci permanent al llarg de la vida de les persones. Ara b, quan es planteja que el procs de sensibilitzaci tingui lloc duna manera conscient i dirigida, aquesta esdev una qesti complexa i delicada. Complexa perqu depn de mltiples factors interrelacionats i perqu no respon a un mecanisme universal, unvoc i unidireccional. I delicada perqu t una dimensi tica, que lallunya de la manipulaci o ladoctrinament.

Sensitising is a process similar to

learning because, thanks to experience

and the inuence of other people, one discovers hitherto unknown realities. This process takes place throughout life in a spontaneous manner: as a persons personality develops, they acquire knowledge and the perception of the world is modied. Sensitivity is therefore a permanently evolving trait throughout the life of a person. Nevertheless, when we set out on a sensitising process that takes place in a conscious and directed manner, it turns into a complex and delicate issue. Complex because it depends on multiple interrelated factors and because it does not respond to a universal, univocal and unidirectional mechanism. And delicate because it has an ethical dimension that distances it from manipulation or indoctrination.

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Qu s la sensibilitzaci en paisatge i quines nalitats t?

Com sha posat de manifest, la sensibilitzaci t una relaci estreta amb la percepci. Quan es parla de sensibilitzaci en paisatge, aquesta relaci s doblement intensa, perqu el paisatge t una dimensi individual i perceptiva en si mateix. En el cas del paisatge, la matria sobre la qual es focalitzen els sentits no s una realitat totalment tangible i objectivable, sin que presenta components intangibles i subjectius associats a cada persona (com les emocions, els valors o els interessos que desperta en cadasc). Daltra banda, el paisatge s percebut de manera diferent al llarg de la vida duna persona, tant individualment com socialment, i amb el temps, adquireix i perd signicats, guanya i perd implicacions emocionals, passa o es posa de moda. En lmbit social, un mateix paisatge uns aiguamolls, per exemple sha percebut, segons les poques,

What is raising awareness, or sensitising, in landscape; what are its purposes?

As we have established, sensitising has a close relationship with perception. When we speak of raising awareness, or sensitising, on landscape, this relationship is doubly intense because landscape has in itself an individual and perceptive dimension. In the case of landscape, the matter on which the senses focus is thus not a totally tangible and objectivable reality but rather presents intangible and subjective components associated with each person (like the emotions, values or interests it awakens in each one of us). Moreover, landscape is perceived differently in the course of a persons life, both individually and socially, and over time acquires and loses signicance, gains and loses emotional implications, goes in and out of fashion. At a social level the same landscape, a marsh, for example,

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com un espai inhspit, com un lloc a colonitzar o com un parads natural. La sensibilitzaci en paisatge, doncs, no es pot concebre com un simple transvasament de coneixements que revelen all que s, sin com un procs obert i interactiu que millora la disposici de les persones a percebre els diversos estmuls procedents daquest paisatge i que proporciona elements de reexi que ajuden a comprendrel. La sensibilitzaci en paisatge mobilitza elements irracionals i racionals simultniament i est inevitablement lligada als objectius que es persegueixen en cada cas. Els objectius dun procs de sensibilitzaci poden tenir un abast molt variable: poden dirigir-se al paisatge de forma genrica o a un de concret; poden pretendre uns resultats generals o b uns despeccs; aix mateix, poden aspirar a arribar al conjunt de la poblaci o noms a un segment. En tots els processos de sensibilitzaci hi ha el reconeixement duna situaci de partida, establerta sobre la base duna anlisi rigorosa i honesta dels pensaments i les actituds de les persones envers el paisatge, i hi ha la voluntat decidida de posar en marxa un conjunt coherent daccions que permetin millorar la situaci inicial. s important que aquest procs es porti a terme respectant la varietat de sensibilitats individuals i dinteressos existents. La sensibilitzaci en paisatge requereix una actitud creativa i innovadora, capa datraure latenci i de suscitar reaccions en les persones que promoguin la reexi, cren nous vincles i empenyin a canviar dactituds. Es pot dirigir a totes les edats, si b cal modelar les estratgies, els recursos expressius i el llenguatge per a cada franja. En el cas dels infants i els adolescents, lescola s un marc idoni de sensibilitzaci, perqu es pot associar de forma natural a la resta daprenen tatges, per aix no exclouen les
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has been perceived, depending on the era, as an inhospitable space, as a place to be colonised or as a natural haven. Raising awareness on landscape can thus not be conceived as a simple transfer of knowledge that reveals what is but as an open and interactive process that improves the disposition of people in perceiving the various stimuli from the landscape and which provides food for thought that helps to understand it. Raising awareness on landscape simultaneously mobilises irrational and rational elements and is inevitably linked to the objectives pursued in each case. The objectives of an awareness-raising process can have a highly variable reach: they can be aimed at landscape generically or at a particular landscape; they can pursue general results or specic ones; equally, they can aspire to reach the population as a whole or a segment of it. Nevertheless, in all awareness-raising processes there is the recognition of a starting situation, established through a rigorous and honest analysis of peoples thoughts on and attitudes towards the landscape, and there is the decided will to launch a coherent set of actions that lead to improving the initial situation. And this process has to be undertaken while respecting the variety of existing individual sensibilities and interests. Raising awareness on landscape requires a creative and innovative attitude that is able to attract attention and elicit reactions in people that promote reection, create new links and promote a change of attitude and can target all ages, though it requires adapting the strategies, expressive resources and language to each age bracket. In the case of children and adolescents, school is the ideal framework for raising awareness, because it can be naturally associated to the rest of the learning process, but this does not exclude the opportunities offered by other
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oportunitats que ofereixen els altres contextos socials (la vida familiar, les activitats de lleure, els serveis culturals, etc.).

social contexts (family life, leisure activities, cultural services, etc).

Trets distintius de la sensibilitzaci en paisatge

El procs de sensibilitzaci en paisatge ha de tenir en compte els criteris generals segents:
Adoptar una visi holstica, ats que

Distinctive traits of raising awareness on landscape

The process of raising awareness on landscape has to take into account the following general criteria:
Taking as the basis a holistic vision

el paisatge s una realitat complexa que no es pot reduir a una sola dimensi sense que sen desvirtu la seva naturalesa.
Adoptar en una visi dinmica, perqu

of landscape, given that this is a complex reality that cannot be reduced to a single dimension without distorting its nature.
Basing ourselves on a dynamic vision

tot i que latenci sovint noms capta els elements esttics el paisatge s una realitat canviant. I perqu tamb canvien les relacions que les persones i les societats hi estableixen.
Considerar lexistncia de subjectes

of landscape, because (even though our attention is often only captured by the static elements) landscape is a changing reality. And because the relations that people and societies establish in it also change.
Considering the existence of a variety

of individuals, with differing disposi-

diversos, amb una disposici, uns

coneixements i uns interessos diferents, ns i tot quan es dirigeix a un grup amb un perl homogeni.
Tenir una vocaci universal, encara

tions, knowledge and interests, even when addressed at a group with a heterogeneous prole.
Having a universal vocation, even

que es dirigeixi a un grup especc de poblaci, perqu aspira a exercir una inuncia positiva en la percepci i en les actituds envers el paisatge del conjunt de la ciutadania.
Tenir una voluntat de projecci tem-

when addressed at a specic population group, because it aspires to exert a positive inuence on the perception and attitudes towards the landscape of the citizenry as a whole.
Having the determination to project it

over time, as it acts on issues that are

poral, ja que actua sobre qestions que

no es modelen de manera immediata, sin que requereixen un procs lent

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not modelled immediately but require a slow apprehending and adapting process by each individual.
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daprehensi i adaptaci per part de cada individu.

Recrrer preferentment a lexperincia

Preferentially basing ourselves on

peoples experiences of interrelating

personal dinterrelaci de les persones

amb el paisatge, tant si aquesta s directa com indirecta, perqu lactivaci de la sensibilitat requereix preferiblement que les experincies siguin viscudes.
Partir dun enfocament didctic,

with the landscape, whether directly or indirectly, because the activation of their sensibilities preferably requires that experiences are lived.
Adopting a didactic approach, articu-

articulat al voltant dun conjunt de conceptes clau i de procediments que estimulin un procs interactiu de dileg de les persones amb el paisatge, en el qual aquestes es plantegen preguntes i busquen respostes.
Utilitzar una gamma de recursos

lated around a set of key concepts and procedures that stimulate an interactive process of dialogue between people and the landscape, in which the former ask questions and seek answers.
Using a wide range of expressive

resources (in order to apply the most

expressius mplia (per aplicar els ms

adients a les particularitats de cada franja dedat, de cada grup social o duns objectius especcs) i un llenguatge apropiat. La comunicaci s un element clau en la sensibilitzaci, i si falla hi ha poques possibilitats que sigui eca.

suitable ones to the particularities of each age bracket, social group or specic objectives) and an appropriate language. Communication is a key element in raising awareness, and if it fails there are few possibilities of achieving effectiveness.

Phases in raising awareness

As in any process, raising awareness occurs through a series of phases that ideally emerge successively in a growing process of personal involvement:
1. Awakening interest in the landscape. 2. Discovering an active role in the trans-

Etapes de la sensibilitzaci
Com en qualsevol procs, la sensibilitzaci en paisatge t lloc a travs duna srie detapes que emergeixen de manera successiva a mesura que creix la implicaci personal:
1. Desvetllar linters pel paisatge.

formation of the landscape.

3. Becoming aware of the right to land2. Descobrir el rol actiu en la transfor-

maci del paisatge.

3. Prendre conscincia del dret al pai-

scape as a citizen (and of its attendant obligations).

4. Adopting a positive attitude towards

satge (i dels deures consegents).

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the relationship with the landscape.

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4. Adoptar una actitud positiva envers la

5. Acquiring responsible practices in the

relaci amb el paisatge.

5. Adquirir una prctica responsable en

actions and decisions that affect the landscape. Even though in reality it is very difcult to distinguish one phase from another, because they may occur simultaneously, when it comes to projecting an awareness-raising process we must keep in mind that completing each phase is a necessary condition for passing on to the next. It is possible that in a particular process, depending on its specicities, not all phases occur, but in any case the logical sequence between them will be maintained.

les accions i les decisions que afecten el paisatge. Tot i que s molt difcil destriar una etapa duna laltra, perqu poden ser simultnies, a lhora de projectar un procs de sensibilitzaci cal tenir present que la superaci de cada esgla s la condici necessria perqu es produeixin els segents. s possible que en un procs determinat, en funci de les seves especicitats, no es passi per totes les etapes, per en tot cas s que es mantindr la seqncia lgica entre elles.

Finalitats de la sensibilitzaci
Malgrat que cada projecte persegueix uns objectius particulars, totes les experincies de sensibilitzaci en paisatge pretenen inuir positivament en els valors i en les actituds de les persones envers el paisatge i, indirectament, en la millora del seu estat. Duna forma genrica, les nalitats principals de la sensibilitzaci sn:
Incentivar o desvetllar linters pel

Purposes of raising awareness

Even though each awareness-raising project pursues its own objectives, all landscape-related awareness-raising experiences seek to have a positive inuence on peoples values and attitudes towards the landscape and, indirectly, on improving the state of landscapes. In

paisatge de les persones, de manera que

naugmenti el nivell de coneixements.

Generar valors que es tradueixin en

lestabliment de vincles positius amb el paisatge, basats en lapreciaci i el respecte al patrimoni natural i hum.
Difondre els drets i deures en relaci

amb el paisatge a travs del foment de conductes responsables i constructives,

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tant en lmbit personal com en el professional o social.

Enfortir la cohesi social mitjanant

generic terms, the main purposes of raising awareness are:

To stimulate or awaken interest in

la capacitat que t el paisatge de crear o expressar signicats compartits i de contribuir a crear sentit de comunitat.
Afavorir levoluci harmnica dels

landscape among people to increase

their level of knowledge on it.

To generate values that translate into

paisatges a mesura que linters de la ciutadania pel seu estat augmenta i que tamb creix el seu nivell dexigncia i de responsabilitat.
Millorar la qualitat de vida de les

the establishment of positive links with the landscape, based on appreciation and respect for the natural and human heritage.
To disseminate rights and obligations

persones; i s que gaudir de paisatges cuidats i ordenats t benecis sobre la salut i la qualitat de vida dels ciutadans.
Enfortir les prctiques democrtiques

in regard to landscape through fostering a responsible and constructive conduct, both in the personal and in the professional or social sphere.
To strengthen social cohesion through

i la tolerncia mitjanant la implicaci de les persones en processos collectius de participaci, de mediaci i de concertaci social.
Implicar el conjunt del teixit social

the landscapes capacity to create or express shared meanings and to contribute to the creation of a sense of community.
To favour the harmonious evolu-

(la ciutadania en general, els tcnics o experts, les entitats socials pbliques i privades, les institucions poltiques, etc.) en els processos de protecci, gesti i ordenaci del paisatge.

tion of landscapes as citizens interest

in the state of landscapes increases together with their level of demand and responsibility.
To improve peoples quality of life.

Enjoying cared-for and orderly landscapes has benets for citizens health and quality of life.
To strengthen democratic practices

and tolerance through involving people in collective participation, mediation and social concert processes.
To involve the social fabric as a whole

(citizens in general, technicians or experts, public and private social entities, political institutions, etc) in the processes of landscape protection, management and development.
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