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Learning Objectives Describe several important trends occurring in computer software.

Chapter 4
Computer Software

Give examples of several major types of application and system software. Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing.

4-2 McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning Objectives Define and describe the functions of an operating system. Describe the main uses of computer programming software, tools, and languages. Describe the issues associated with open-source software.

Application Software General Purpose

Perform common information processing Productivity packages

Application-specific programs
Available to support specific applications of end users in business or others fields.

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Application Software Custom Software

In-house development and maintenance

Open-Source Licensing Characteristics The Program

Must allow distribution of
Source code Compiled form

Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS)

Third party vendor

Open-source Software
Application code available and free

The License

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Shall not restrict selling or giving away Must allow modifications Must allow distribution May restrict modified source code Must not discriminate Must not restrict other software distributed along with the licensed software
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Types of Application & System Software

General Purpose Application Software: Software Suites

Many features were never used by most end user. Takes a lot of disk space.
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General Purpose Application Software: Integrated Packages Combine functions of several programs
Examples: Microsoft Works, AppleWorks

Web Browsers
Support navigation
Internet and World-Wide Web Intranets Extranets ( a computer network that allows controlled access from outside the organisation, for specific business or educational purposes. Usually partners, vendors, and suppliers )

Advantages
Lower price Less disk space Pre-installed on microcomputers

Universal platform
Information searches E-mail Multimedia file transfer Discussion groups Other Internet-based applications

Disadvantages
Limited functionality

Name a few web browsers that you know..

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Search Engines Indispensable for finding information Popular engines

Google, Ask Jeeves, Look Smart, Lycos, Overture, Yahoo!

E-mail, Instant Messaging, and Weblogs E-mail Instant messaging (IM) Weblog or blog
Personal website in dated log format Updated with new information
Owner Gleaned from other sites Moderated discussion

Universal client
On all computers of an enterprise

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Word Processing/Desktop Publishing Popular Word Processors

Create, edit, revise, and print documents Microsoft Word, Lotus WordPro, Corel WordPerfect, OpenOffice Writer

Electronic Spreadsheets Used by most businesses

Analysis, planning, modeling Microsoft Excel, Open Office Calc, Corel QuattroPro

Desktop Publishing
Produce printed materials that look professionally published Adobe InDesign, Microsoft Publisher, QuarkXPress

Electronic Spreadsheet
Worksheet of rows and columns Local computer or on network Formulas and functions Charts and graphs What-if questions
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Presentation Graphics Emphasize key points Convert numeric data into graphics displays Create multimedia presentations
Microsoft PowerPoint, OpenOffice Impress, Lotus Freelance, Corel Presentations

Personal Information Managers End user productivity and collaboration

Used in PDAs Information about clients Schedules, appointments, tasks Access the Web and e-mail Team collaboration
Lotus Organizer, Microsoft Outlook

Use predesigned templates Tailor files for HTML format in Web sites

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Groupware Collaborate on group assignments

E-mail, discussion groups, databases, video conferencing
Lotus Notes Novell GroupWise Microsoft Exchange

Software Alternatives Outsourcing

Domestic Offshore

Application service providers (ASPs)

Companies that own, operate, and maintain application software and computer system resources Use the application for a fee over the Internet Pay-as-you-go Use expected to accelerate
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Some allow teams to create websites

Windows SharePoint Services, WebSphere

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Software Alternatives Cloud computing services over the internet

Natural step from grid computing (Chapter 3) Applications Virtualized hardware resources

Software Licensing All COTS and ASP software is licensed

Intellectual property rights Copyright Trademark Trade secrets Traditional contract law
Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)

Vendors of cloud services

SAP Business ByDesign, Salesforce.com, Google Apps, MidlandHRs iTrent as a Service

Advantages
Low barrier to entry Cost Savings More powerful software
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You buy license, not software

Protect the vendors property rights

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Software Licensing Can do

Sell software Dispose of rights

Categories of System Software System Management Programs

Manage the resources of a computer system Examples:
Operating systems Network management programs Database management systems System utilities

Cant do
Duplicate Resell multiple copies Reverse engineer Modifying Disclosing Transferring software

System Development Programs

Helps develop IS programs and procedures and then prepare them for processing
Language translators and editors CASE and programming tools
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Interface Between End Users and Computer

Operating Systems Integrated system of programs that

Provides interface between user and computer Manages the operations of the CPU Controls the input/output, storage resources, and activities of the computer system Provides support for application programs

Loaded first before other tasks

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Operating System Basic Functions

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Defragmenting

Popular Operating Systems Windows

GUI, multitasking, networking, multimedia Microsofts operating system
NT, XP, 2003, Vista, Windows 7

Different versions manage servers

Windows Server 2008

Based on Vista Release 2 to correct performance and security issues

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Popular Operating Systems Unix

AT&T Multitasking, multi-user, network-managing Portable across computer sizes

Popular Operating Systems MAC OS X

Apple operating system for the iMac Based on UNIX GUI Multitasking Multimedia

Linux
Low-cost, powerful, reliable Similar to Unix-like Open-source Flexible Multiple machines

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Other System Software Utilities

Miscellaneous housekeeping functions Example: Norton Utilities includes data backup, virus protection, data compression, etc.

Web Languages HTML

Hypertext documents for the Web

XML
Identifying tags or contextual labels Digital publishing
Cheaper, faster

Performance Monitors
Keep computer running efficiently

Java
Object-oriented Simple, secure, and platform independent Java applets on any computer

Security Monitors
Prevent unauthorized use of resources

Middleware
Interface between an operating system and the application programs of users
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JEE6 Java Enterprise Edition 6 Microsoft .NET

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