Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DELEGATION OF POWERS TO ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES COMPANIA GENERAL DE TABACOS DE FILIPINAS vs. THE BOARD OF PUBLIC UTILITY COMMISSIONERS G.R. No. L-11216 Marc 6! 1"16 Fac#$% COMPANIA GENERAL DE TABACOS DE FILIPINAS is a foreign corporation organized nder t!e "a#s of Spain and engaged in $ siness in t!e %!i"ippine Is"ands as a co&&on carrier of passengers and &erc!andise $' #ater( )n * ne +, -.-/, t!e 0oard of % $"ic 1ti"it' Co&&issioners iss ed and ca sed to $e served an order to s!o# ca se #!' t!e' s!o "d not $e re2 ired to present detai"ed ann a" reports respecting its finances and operations respecting t!e vesse"s o#ned and operated $' it, in t!e for& and containing t!e &atters indicated $' t!e &ode" attac!ed to t!e petition. T!e' are ordered to present ann a""' on or $efore Marc! first of eac! 'ear a detai"ed report of finances and operations of s c! vesse"s as are operated $' it as a co&&on carrier #it!in t!e %!i"ippine Is"ands, in t!e for& and containing t!e &atters indicated in t!e &ode" of ann a" report #!ic! acco&panied t!e order to s!o# ca se !erein. COMPANIA GENERAL DE TABACOS DE FILIPINAS denied t!e a t!orit' of t!e $oard to re2 ire t!e report as3ed for on t!e gro nd t!at t!e provision of Act No. 456+ re"ied on $' said $oard as a t!orit' for s c! re2 ire&ent #as, if constr ed as conferring s c! po#er, inva"id as constit ting an n"a#f " atte&pt on t!e part of t!e Legis"at re to de"egate "egis"ative po#er to t!e $oard. It is c &$erso&e and nnecessari"' pro"i7 and t!at t!e preparation of t!e sa&e
EH +,-
#o "d entai" an i&&ense a&o nt of c"erica" #or3.8 ISSUE% W!et!er or not it is constit tiona" to re2 ire COMPANIA GENERAL DE TABACOS DE FILIPINAS #o &a$$ a '(#a)*(' r(&or# #o # ( 0oard of % $"ic 1ti"it' Co&&issioners of t!e %!i"ippine Is"ands9 W!et!er t!e po#er to re2 ire t!e detai"ed report is strict"' "egis"ative, or ad&inistrative, or &ere"' re"ates to t!e e7ec tion of t!e "a#9 HELD% T!e order appea"ed fro& is set aside and t!e ca se is ret rned to t!e 0oard of % $"ic 1ti"it' Co&&issioners #it! instr ctions to dis&iss t!e proceeding. RULING% T!e section of Act No. 456+ nder #!ic! t!e 0oard of % $"ic 1ti"it' Co&&issioners re"ies for its a t!orit', so far as pertinent to t!e case at !and, reads as fo""o#s( Sec. -:. T!e 0oard s!a"" !ave po#er, after !earing, pon notice, $' order in #riting, to re2 ire ever' p $"ic ti"it' as !erein defined( ;e< To f rnis! ann a""' a detai"ed report of finances and operations, in s c! for& and containing s c! &atters as t!e 0oard &a' fro& ti&e to ti&e $' order prescri$e. T!e stat te #!ic! a t!orizes a 0oard of % $"ic 1ti"it' Co&&issioners to re2 ire detai"ed reports fro& p $"ic ti"ities, "eaving t!e nat re of t!e report, t!e contents t!ereof, t!e genera" "ines #!ic! it s!a"" fo""o#, t!e princip"e pon #!ic! it s!a"" proceed, indeed, a"" ot!er &atters #!atsoever, to t!e e7c" sive discretion of t!e $oard, is not e7pressing its o#n #i"" or t!e #i"" of t!e State #it! respect to t!e p $"ic ti"ities to #!ic! it refers.
Pa.( 1
!as "aid do#n genera" r "es for t!e g idance of t!e Co&&ission, "eaving to it merely the carrying out of details in t!e e7ercise of t!e po#er so conferred. T!is, #e t!in3, is not a de"egation of "egis"ative a t!orit'. In t!e case at $ar t!e provision co&p"ained of does not "a# 8do#n t!e genera" r "es of action nder #!ic! t!e co&&ission s!a"" proceed.8 nor does it itse"f prescri$e in detai" #!at t!ose reports s!a"" contain. %ractica""' ever't!ing is "eft to t!e = dg&ent and discretion of t!e 0oard of % $"ic 1ti"it' Co&&issioners, #!ic! is nrestrained as to #!en it s!a"" act, #!' it s!a"" act, !o# it s!a"" act, to #!at e7tent it s!a"" act, or #!at it s!a"" act pon. T!e Legis"at re, $' t!e provision in 2 estion, !as a$dicated its po#ers and f nctions in favor of t!e 0oard of % $"ic 1ti"it' Co&&issioners #it! respect to t!e &atters t!erein referred to, and t!at s c! Act is in vio"ation of t!e Act of Congress of * "' -, -.64. T!e Legis"at re, $' t!e provision referred to, !as not as3ed for t!e infor&ation #!ic! t!e State #ants $ t !as a t!orized and $oard to o$tain t!e infor&ation #!ic! t!e $oard #ants. US /$ Ta0. Ho 11"222 G.R. 13122 Fac#$% At its specia" session of -.-., t!e %!i"ippine Legis"at re passed Act No. 4@:@, entit"ed 8An Act pena"izing t!e &onopo"' and !o"ding of, and spec "ation in, pa"a', rice, and corn nder e7traordinar' circ &stances, reg "ating t!e distri$ tion and sa"e t!ereof, and a t!orizing t!e Governor> Genera", #it! t!e consent of t!e Co nci" of State, to iss e t!e necessar' r "es and reg "ations t!erefor, and &a3ing an appropriation for t!is p rpose8.
Pa.( 2
po#er is pointed o t and c"ear"' defined. As t!e S pre&e Co rt of Wisconsin sa's( T!at no part of t!e "egis"ative po#er can $e de"egated $' t!e "egis"at re to an' ot!er depart&ent of t!e govern&ent, e7ec tive or = dicia", is a f nda&enta" princip"e in constit tiona" "a#, essentia" to t!e integrit' and &aintenance of t!e s'ste& of govern&ent esta$"is!ed $' t!e constit tion. W!ere an act is c"ot!ed #it! a"" t!e for&s of "a#, and is co&p"ete in and of itse"f, it &a' $e provided t!at it s!a"" $eco&e operative on"' pon so&e certain act or event, or, in "i3e &anner, t!at its operation s!a"" $e s spended. T!e "egis"at re cannot de"egate its po#er to &a3e a "a#, $ t it can &a3e a "a# to de"egate a po#er to deter&ine so&e fact or state of t!ings pon #!ic! t!e "a# &a3es, or intends to &a3e, its o#n action to depend. It & st $e conceded t!at, after t!e passage of act No. 4@:@, and $efore an' r "es and reg "ations #ere pro& "gated $' t!e Governor>Genera", a dea"er in rice co "d se"" it at an' price, even at a peso per 8ganta,8 and t!at !e #o "d not co&&it a cri&e, $eca se t!ere #o "d $e no "a# fi7ing t!e price of rice, and t!e sa"e of it at an' price #o "d not $e a cri&e. T!at is to sa', in t!e a$sence of a proc"a&ation, it #as not a cri&e to se"" rice at an' price. Aence, it & st fo""o# t!at, if t!e defendant co&&itted a cri&e, it #as $eca se t!e Governor>Genera" iss ed t!e proc"a&ation. T!ere #as no act of t!e Legis"at re &a3ing it a cri&e to se"" rice at an' price, and #it!o t t!e proc"a&ation, t!e sa"e of it at an' price #as to a cri&e. W!en Act No. 4@:@ is ana"'zed, it is t!e vio"ation of t!e proc"a&ation of t!e Governor>Genera" #!ic! constit tes t!e cri&e. Wit!o t t!at proc"a&ation, it #as
Pa.( 5
for a per&it to e7port one ! ndred $a"es of abaca to Eng"and, $ t #as denied. Ae #as advised $' t!e respondent t!at !e #o "d not $e per&itted to e7port t!e abaca in 2 estion #it!o t a certificate fro& t!e Bi$er Standardization 0oard. So !e fi"ed a petition for a #rit of &anda& s, a""eging t!at t!e provisions of t!e Ad&inistrative Code for t!e grading, inspection and certification of fi$ers, in partic "ar, sections -++4 and -4CC of t!at Code, are nconstit tiona" and void. ISSUE% W!et!er or not t!e a t!orit' vested in t!e Bi$er Standardization 0oard is a de"egation of "egis"ative po#er. HELD% N). T!e Legis"at re !as enacted a "a# #!ic! provides for t!e inspection, grading and $a"ing of !e&p $efore t!e' can $e e7ported to ot!er co ntries and t!e creation of a $oard for t!at p rpose, vesting it #it! t!e po#er and a t!orit' to do t!e act a" #or3. S c! a t!orit' is not a de"egation of "egis"ative po#er and is not!ing &ore t!an a de"egation of ad&inistrative po#er in t!e Bi$er 0oard to carr' o t t!e p rpose and intent of t!e "a#. In t!e ver' nat re of t!ings, t!e Legis"at re co "d not inspect, grade and $a"e t!e !e&p, and fro& necessit', t!e po#er to do t!at #o "d !ave to $e vested in a $oard or co&&ission. T!e petitionerDs contention #o "d "eave t!e "a#, #!ic! provides for t!e inspection, grading and $a"ing of !e&p, #it!o t an' &eans of its enforce&ent. If t!e "a# cannot $e enforced $' s c! a $oard or co&&ission, !o# and $' #!o& co "d it $e enforced9 T!e criticis& t!at t!ere is partia"it' or even fra d in t!e
Pa.( +
t!e Secretar' of % $"ic Wor3s and Co&& nications, in !is second indorse&ent addressed to t!e Director of % $"ic Wor3s, approved t!e reco&&endation of t!e "atter t!at Rosario Street and Riza" Aven e $e c"osed to traffic of ani&a">dra#n ve!ic"es, $et#een t!e points and d ring t!e !o rs as indicated, for a period of - 'ear fro& t!e date of t!e opening of t!e Co"gante 0ridge to traffic. T!e Ma'or of Mani"a and t!e Acting C!ief of %o"ice of Mani"a !ave enforced and ca sed to $e enforced t!e r "es and reg "ations t! s adopted. Ma7i&o Ca"a"ang, in !is capacit' as a private citizen and as a ta7pa'er of Mani"a, $ro g!t $efore t!e S pre&e co rt t!e petition for a #rit of pro!i$ition against A. D. Wi""ia&s, as C!air&an of t!e Nationa" Traffic Co&&ission? Vicente Bragante, as Director of % $"ic Wor3s? Sergio 0a'an, as Acting Secretar' of % $"ic Wor3s and Co&& nications? E "ogio Rodrig ez, as Ma'or of t!e Cit' of Mani"a? and * an Do&ing ez, as Acting C!ief of %o"ice of Mani"a I$$4($% W!et!er or not t!ere is a de"egation of "egis"ative po#er9 R4*)0.% T!ere is no nd e de"eagation of "egis"ative po#er. Co&&on#ea"t! Act /C@ does not confer "egis"ative po#ers to t!e Director of % $"ic Wor3s. T!e a t!orit' conferred pon t!e& and nder #!ic! t!e' pro& "gated t!e r "es and reg "ations no# co&p"ained of is not to deter&ine #!at p $"ic po"ic' de&ands $ t &ere"' to carr' o t t!e "egis"ative po"ic' "aid do#n $' t!e Nationa" Asse&$"' in said Act, to #it, Hto pro&ote safe transit pon and avoid o$str ctions on, roads and streets designated as nationa" roads $' acts of t!e Nationa" Asse&$"' or $' e7ec tive orders of t!e %resident of t!e %!i"ippinesI and to c"ose t!e& te&porari"' to an' or a"" c"asses of
Pa.( -
nd e
FACTS > > %etitioner #as genera" &anager in -.C. of NABC) #it! ann a" sa"ar' of %-/,666.66 NABC) 0oard of Directors granted %C66K&o. L arters a""o#ance to petitioner a&o nting to %-,:/6 for -.C.. T!is a""o#ance #as disapproved $' t!e Centra" Co&&ittee of t!e govern&ent enterprise co nci" nder E7ec tive )rder No. .5 pon reco&&endation $' NABC) a ditor and conc rred in $' t!e A ditor genera" on t#o gro nds a< It vio"ates t!e c!arter of NABC) "i&iting &anagerJs sa"ar' to %-/,666K'ear. $< NABC) is in precario s financia" condition.
>
DECISION
-. R.A. No. /- is constit tiona". It is
not i""ega" de"egation of "egis"ative po#er to t!e e7ec tive as arg ed $' petitioner $ t a &andate for t!e %resident to strea&"ine G)CCJs operation. 4. E7ec tive )rder .5 is va"id $eca se it #as pro& "gated #it!in t!e 'ear period given. 5. %etition for revie# DISMISSED #it! costs %ANGASINAN TRANS. C). v. SERVICE C)M L)VINA v. M)REN) %ELAEM v. A1DIT)R GENERAL SEPARATION OF POWERS Ma0)*a E*(c#r)c Co6&a07 /. Pa$a7 Tra0$&or#a#)o0 Co6&a07! I0c.! Fac#$%
Pa.( 6
%10LIC
!o#ever, #!atever e"se &a' $e said in e7ten ation, it re&ains tr e t!at t!e decision of t!e $oard of ar$itrators is &ade fina", #!ic! if "itera""' enforced #o "d "eave a p $"ic ti"it', not a part' to t!e contract a t!orized $' Act No. -CC:, #it!o t reco rse to t!e co rts for a = dicia" deter&ination of t!e 2 estion in disp te. We r n co nter to t!is di"e&&a. Eit!er t!e &e&$ers of t!e S pre&e Co rt, sitting as a $oard of ar$itrators, e7ercise = dicia" f nctions, or t!e &e&$ers of t!e S pre&e Co rt, sitting as $oard of ar$itrators, e7ercise ad&inistrative or quasi = dicia" f nctions. T!e first case #o "d appear not to fa"" #it!in t!e = risdiction granted t!e S pre&e Co rt. Even conceding t!at it does, it #o "d pres ppose t!e rig!t to $ring t!e &atter in disp te $efore t!e co rts, for an' ot!er constr ction #o "d tend to o st t!e co rts of = risdiction and render t!e a#ard a n ""it'. 0 t if t!is $e t!e proper constr ction, #e #o "d t!en !ave t!e ano&a"' of a decision $' t!e &e&$ers of t!e S pre&e Co rt, sitting as a $oard of ar$itrators, ta3en t!erefro& to t!e co rts and event a""' co&ing $efore t!e S pre&e Co rt, #!ere t!e S pre&e Co rt #o "d revie# t!e decision of its &e&$ers acting as ar$itrators. taT!e present petition a"so f rnis!es an apt i"" stration of anot!er ano&a"', for #e find t!e S pre&e Co rt as a co rt as3ed to deter&ine if t!e &e&$ers of t!e co rt &a' $e constit ted a $oard of ar$itrators, #!ic! is not a co rt at a""." T!e S pre&e Co rt of t!e %!i"ippine Is"ands represents one of t!e t!ree divisions of po#er in o r govern&ent. It is = dicia" po#er and = dicia" po#er on"' #!ic! is e7ercised $' t!e S pre&e Co rt. * st as t!e S pre&e Co rt, as t!e g ardian of constit tiona" rig!ts, s!o "d not sanction s rpations $' an' ot!er depart&ent of t!e govern&ent, so s!o "d it as strict"' confine its o#n sp!ere of inf" ence to t!e po#ers e7press"' or $'
Pa.( 3
EH +,-
reso" tion #o "d $e s $=ect to revie# and prior approva" and, #orst sti"", reversa", $efore t!e' can !ave "ega" effect, $' an' a t!orit' ot!er t!an t!e Co rt of Appea"s or t!is S pre&e Co rt, as t!e case &a' $e. Need"ess to sa', t!is Co rt fee"s ver' strong"' t!at, it is $est t!at t!is practice is discontin ed. Macar)o*a /. A$40c)o0 A.M. No. -55>* Ma' 5-, -.@4 FACTS% A co&p"aint for partition #as fi"ed $' p"aintiffs in Civi" Case No. 56-6 in CBI against 0ernardita R. Macario"a concerning t!e properties "eft $' t!e deceased Brancisco Re'es, t!eir co&&on fat!er. A decision #as rendered $' respondent * dge As ncion in said civi" case a#arding t!eir s!are on t!e properties to $ot! t!e p"aintiffs and Macario"a T!e decision $eca&e and s $se2 ent"', a pro=ect of partition #as s $&itted to * dge As ncion #!ic! #as approved $' t!e "atter not#it!standing t!e fact t!at t!e pro=ect of partition #as not signed $' t!e parties t!e&se"ves $ t on"' $' t!e respective co nse" of p"aintiffs and defendant. Ao#ever, $ot! co nse"s of t!e respective parties ass red t!at t!e %ro=ect of %artition, !ad $een &ade after a conference and agree&ent of t!e p"aintiffs in Civi" Case No. 56-6 and Macario"a approving t!e %ro=ect of %artition, and t!at $ot! "a#'ers !ad represented to t!e co rt t!at t!e' are given f "" a t!orit' to sign $' t!e&se"ves t!e %ro=ect of %artition. )ne of t!e properties &entioned in t!e pro=ect of partition #as Lot --@C or rat!er one>!a"f t!ereof #!ic! according to t!e decision #as t!e e7c" sive propert' of t!e deceased Brancisco Re'es, #as ad= dicated in said pro=ect of partition to t!e p"aintiffs L z, Anacorita
Pa.( "
T!e case #as referred to * stice Ceci"ia M Goz %a"&a of t!e Co rt of Appea"s, for investigation, report and reco&&endation. After !earing, t!e said Investigating * stice s $&itted !er report reco&&ending t!at respondent * dge s!o "d $e repri&anded or #arned in connection #it! t!e first ca se of action a""eged in t!e co&p"aint, and for t!e second ca se of action, respondent s!o "d $e #arned in case of a finding t!at !e is pro!i$ited nder t!e "a# to engage in $ siness. )n t!e t!ird and fo rt! ca ses of action, * stice %a"&a reco&&ended t!at respondent * dge $e e7onerated. Co&p"ainant !erein t!en instit ted an action $efore t!e Co rt of Birst #!ic! #as doc3eted as Civi" Case No. C45C, see3ing t!e ann "&ent of t!e pro=ect of partition &ade p rs ant to t!e decision in Civi" Case No. 56-6 and t!e t#o orders iss ed $' respondent * dge approving t!e sa&e, as #e"" as t!e partition of t!e estate and t!e s $se2 ent conve'ances #it! da&ages. T!e action #as dis&issed. Aence, t!is petition
Pa.( 1,
EH +,-
EH +,-
o T!e provision parta3es of t!e nat re of a po"itica" "a# as it reg "ates t!e re"ations!ip $et#een t!e govern&ent and certain p $"ic officers and e&p"o'ees, "i3e = stices and = dges. o %o"itica" La# !as $een defined as t!at $ranc! of p $"ic "a# #!ic! dea"s #it! t!e organization and operation of t!e govern&enta" organs of t!e State and define t!e re"ations of t!e state #it! t!e in!a$itants of its. It &a' $e reca""ed t!at po"itica" "a# e&$races constit tiona" "a#, "a# of p $"ic corporations, ad&inistrative "a# inc" ding t!e "a# on p $"ic officers and e"ections. Specifica""', Artic"e -C of t!e Code of Co&&erce parta3es &ore of t!e nat re of an ad&inistrative "a# $eca se it reg "ates t!e cond ct of certain p $"ic officers and e&p"o'ees #it! respect to engaging in $ siness( !ence, po"itica" in essence. o It is significant to note t!at t!e present Code of Co&&erce is t!e Spanis! Code of Co&&erce of -@@/, #it! so&e &odifications &ade $' t!e 8Co&&ission de Codificacion de "as %rovincias de 1"tra&ar,8 #!ic! #as e7tended to t!e %!i"ippines $' t!e Ro'a" Decree of A g st :, -@@@, and too3 effect as "a# in t!is = risdiction on Dece&$er -, -@@@. 1pon t!e transfer of sovereignt' fro& Spain to t!e 1nited States and "ater on fro& t!e 1nited States to t!e Rep $"ic of t!e
Pa.( 12
4. Respondent * dge vio"ated paragrap!s - and /, Artic"e -C of t!e Code of Co&&erce #!en !e associated !i&se"f #it! t!e Traders Man fact ring and Bis!ing Ind stries, Inc. as a stoc3!o"der and a ran3ing officer, said corporation !aving $een organized to engage in $ siness.
Ar#)c*( 1+ Q T!e fo""o#ing cannot engage in co&&erce, eit!er in person or $' pro7', nor can t!e' !o"d an' office or !ave an' direct, ad&inistrative, or financia" intervention in co&&ercia" or ind stria" co&panies #it!in t!e "i&its of t!e districts, provinces, or to#ns in #!ic! t!e' disc!arge t!eir d ties( -. * stices of t!e S pre&e Co rt, = dges and officia"s of t!e depart&ent of p $"ic prosec tion in active service. T!is provision s!a"" not $e app"ica$"e to &a'ors, & nicipa" = dges, and & nicipa" prosec ting attorne's nor to t!ose #!o $' c!ance are te&porari"' disc!arging t!e f nctions of = dge or prosec ting attorne'. 777 777 777 /. T!ose #!o $' virt e of "a#s or specia" provisions &a' not engage
EH +,-
not re"ated to t!e s $=ect. IN RE( R)D1LB) MANMAN) POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES A. RULE-MAAING POWER PHILIPPINE LAWYERS VS AGRAVA G. R. No. L-12+26 F(8r4ar7 16! 1"-" T!is is t!e petition fi"ed $' t!e %!i"ippine La#'erJs Association for pro!i$ition and in= nction against Ce"edonio Agrava, in
Pa.( 15
EH +,-
!ig!est co rt of an' State or Territor' of t!e 1nited States #!o f "fi""s t!e re2 ire&ents and co&p"ied #it! t!e provisions of t!ese r "es &a' $e ad&itted to practice $efore t!e %atent )ffice and !ave !is na&e entered on t!e register of attorne's. ;c< Re2 ire&ent for registration. Q No person #i"" $e ad&itted to practice and register n"ess !e s!a"" app"' to t!e Co&&issioner of %atents in #riting on a prescri$ed for& s pp"ied $' t!e Co&&issioner and f rnis! a"" re2 ested infor&ation and &ateria"? and s!a"" esta$"is! to t!e satisfaction of t!e Co&&issioner t!at !e is of good &ora" c!aracter and of good rep te 7 7 7 In order t!at t!e Co&&issioner &a' deter&ine #!et!er a person 7 7 7 !as t!e 2 a"ifications specified, satisfactor' proof of good &ora" c!aracter and rep te, 7 7 7 an e7a&ination #!ic! is !e"d fro& ti&e to ti&e & st $e ta3en and passed. T!e Respondent states t!at t!e pro& "gation of t!e R "es of %ractice of t!e 1nited States %atent )ffice in %atent Cases is a t!orized $' t!e 1nited States %atent La# itse"f #!ic! provides( T!e Co&&issioner of %atents, s $=ect to t!e approva" of t!e Secretar' of Co&&erce &a' prescri$e r "es and reg "ations governing t!e recognition of agents, attorne's, or ot!er persons representing app"icants or ot!er parties $efore !is office, and &a' re2 ire of s c! persons, agents, or attorne's, $efore $eing recognized as representatives of app"icants or ot!er persons, t!at t!e' s!a"" s!o# t!e' are of good &ora" c!aracter and in good rep te, are possessed of t!e necessar' 2 a"ifications to ena$"e t!e& to render to app"icants or ot!er persons va" a$"e service, and are "i3e#ise to co&petent to advise and assist app"icants or ot!er persons in t!e presentation or prosec tion of t!eir app"ications or ot!er $ siness $efore t!e )ffice. 7 7 7 Respondent Director conc" des t!at Section +@ of Rep $"ic Act No. -:/ $eing
Pa.( 1+
entit', #!et!er = dicia" or 2 asi>= dicia" or ad&inistrative, in t!e %!i"ippines. T!e practice of "a# is not "i&ited to t!e cond ct of cases or "itigation in co rt? it e&$races t!e preparation of p"eadings and ot!er papers incident to actions and socia" proceedings, t!e &anage&ent of s c! actions and proceedings on $e!a"f of c"ients $efore = dges and co rts, and in addition, conve'ing. In genera", a"" advice to c"ients, and a"" action ta3en for t!e& in &atters connected #it! t!e "a# corporation services, assess&ent and conde&nation services conte&p"ating an appearance $efore a = dicia" $od', t!e forec"os re of a &ortgage, enforce&ent of a creditorJs c"ai& in $an3r ptc' and inso"venc' proceedings, and cond cting proceedings in attac!&ent, and in &atters of estate and g ardians!ip !ave $een !e"d to constit te "a# practice as do t!e preparation and drafting of "ega" instr &ents, #!ere t!e #or3 done invo"ves t!e deter&ination $' t!e trained "ega" &ind of t!e "ega" effect of facts and conditions. ;/ A&. * r. p. 4:4, 4:5<. ;E&p!asis s pp"ied<. %ractice of "a# nder &odern conditions consists in no s&a"" part of #or3 perfor&ed o tside of an' co rt and !aving no i&&ediate re"ation to proceedings in co rt. It e&$races conve'ancing, t!e giving of "ega" advice on a "arge variet' of s $=ects, and t!e preparation and e7ec tion of "ega" instr &ents covering an e7tensive fie"d of $ siness and tr st re"ations and ot!er affairs. A"t!o g! t!ese transactions &a' !ave no direct connection #it! co rt proceedings, t!e' are a"#a's s $=ect to $eco&e invo"ved in "itigation. T!e' re2 ire in &an' aspects a !ig! degree of "ega" s3i"", a #ide e7perience #it! &en and affairs, and great capacit' for adaptation to diffic "t and co&p"e7 sit ations. T!ese c sto&ar' f nctions of an attorne' or co nse"or at "a# $ear an inti&ate re"ation to t!e ad&inistration of = stice $' t!e co rts. No va"id distinction,
Pa.( 1-
T!ere are t#o cases ;Seiz re Identification Nos. -@.. and -..6< #!ic! #ere $ro g!t on appea" to t!e S pre&e Co rt fro& t!e decisions of t!e respondent Co&&issioner of c sto&s, affir&ing t!e decisions of t!e Acting Co""ector of C sto&s for t!e %ort of Mani"a #!ic! decreed t!e forfeit re of t#o s!ip&ents fro& Aong Nong to Mani"a, one #it! C4 and t!e ot!er #it! 4+ pac3ages of foreign &ade candies, for i""ega" vio"ations of Centra" 0an3 Circ "ars Nos. CC and C/ in re"ation to section -5:5 ;f< of t!e Revised Ad&inistrative Code ;forfeit re of pro!i$ited &erc!andise< #!ic! re2 ires a "icense fro& t!e Monetar' 0oard or re"ease certificates to $e a$"e to receive goods fro& an' foreign co ntr'. Appellants Contentions: 1. T!e i&ported goods do not invo"ve do""ar re&ittances or t!e sa"e of foreign e7c!ange ;as #as conte&p"ated in circ "ar CC< and t!at Congress !as not a t!orized t!e Centra" 0an3 to iss e reg "ations governing i&ports t!at do not re2 ire t!e sa"e of foreign e7c!ange, $eca se according to !i&, it #o "d not !ave enacted into "a# Rep $"ic Act No. -C-6. 2. Circ "ars Nos. CC and C/ #ere pro& "gated $' t!e Monetar' 0oard #it!o t t!e conc rrence of at "east five &e&$ers and #it!o t t!e approva" of t!e %resident ISSUE% W!et!er or not t!e si7t'>nine ;:.< pac3ages of candies in 2 estion are s $=ect to forfeit re for vio"ation of Centra" 0an3 Circ "ars Nos. CC and C/ in re"ation to section -5:5 ;f< of t!e Revised Ad&inistrative Code ;forfeit re of &erc!andise pro!i$ited $' "a#<. HELD%
Pa.( 16
of foreign e7c!ange & st $e s!o#n or proved. In defa "t of s c! s!o#ing or proof as in fact t!e petitioner fai"ed to prove in t!e instant case, it #o "d $e safe to ass &e t!at t!e i&portations in 2 estion invo"ve t!e sa"e of foreign e7c!ange #!ic! is covered $' Circ "ar No. CC of said $an3 ;#!ic! are &eas res ta3en to c!ec3 t!e nreg "ated f"o# of foreign e7c!ange, t!e a t!orit' of #!ic! #as conferred to t!e Monetar' 0oard $' Congress $' virt e of Section +C, R.A. 4:/ ;see a$ove<. Contention Number 2: . is not s pported $' evidence. Circ "ar Nos. CC and C/ !ave $een p $"is!ed in t!e )fficia" Gazette. As s c!, pres &ption t!at an officia" d t' !as $een reg "ar"' perfor&ed, t!e ordinar' co rse of $ siness fo""o#ed, and t!e "a# co&p"ied #it!. DOMINGO B. TEODON vs. MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF ADMINISTRATORS! PHILIPPINE VETERANS ADMINISTRATION FACTS% T!e petitioner s stained p!'sica" in= ries in "ine of d t' as a for&er &e&$er of a recognized g eri""a organization #!ic! participated active"' in t!e resistance &ove&ent against t!e ene&', and as a res "t of #!ic! petitioner s ffered a per&anent, p!'sica" disa$i"it'. Bor !aving $een per&anent"' incapacitated fro& #or3, !e fi"ed !is c"ai& for disa$"i"it' pension #it! t!e %!i"ippine Veterans Ad&inistration nder t!e VeteransD 0i"" of Rig!ts, Rep $"ic Act No. :/. Ao#ever, respondents in t rn #o "d "i&it t!e a&o nt of pension received $' !i& in accordance #it! t!e r "es and reg "ations pro& "gated $' t!e&. %etitioner fi"ed !is s it for &anda& s $efore t!e CBI of Mani"a a""eging t!at !e fi"ed !is c"ai& for disa$i"it' pension nder
Pa.( 13
specifica""' $' "egis"ative enact&ent, #!ic! certain"' is s perior to an' reg "ation t!at &a' $e pro& "gated $' t!e %!i"ippine Veterans Ad&inistration, pres &a$"' in t!e i&p"e&entation t!ereof. It added t!at t!e decision of t!e CBI #!ere it !e"d t!at Ht!e respondent 0oard !as a t!orit' nder t!e %ension "a# to process app"ications for pension, sing as g ide t!e r "es and reg "ations t!at it adopted nder t!e "a# and t!eir decisions, n"ess s!o#n c"ear"' to $e in error or against t!e "a# or against t!e genera" po"ic' of t!e 0oard, s!o "d $e &aintained8 is c"ear"' erroneo s. T!e Co rt a"so cited 1nited States v. T pasi Mo"ina, #!ic! !e"d t!at 8)f co rse t!e reg "ations adopted nder "egis"ative a t!orit' $' a partic "ar depart&ent & st $e in !ar&on' #it! t!e provisions of t!e "a#, and for t!e so"e p rpose of carr'ing into effect its genera" provisions. 0' s c! reg "ations, of co rse, t!e "a# itse"f cannot $e e7tended. So "ong, !o#ever, as t!e reg "ations re"ate so"e"' to carr'ing into effect t!e provisions of t!e "a#, t!e' are va"id.8 As #e"" as its r "ing in %eop"e v. Santos, #!erein it !e"d t!at an ad&inistrative order $etra's inconsistenc' or rep gnanc' to t!e provisions of t!e Act, 8t!e &andate of t!e Act & st prevai" and & st $e fo""o#ed.8 Bina""', t!e Co rt said t!ere & st $e strict co&p"iance #it! t!e "egis"ative enact&ent. Its ter&s & st $e fo""o#ed. T!e stat te re2 ires ad!erence to, not depart re fro&, its provisions. No deviation is a""o#a$"e. In t!e terse "ang age of t!e present C!ief * stice, an ad&inistrative agenc' 8cannot a&end an act of Congress.8 Respondents can $e s stained, t!erefore, on"' if it co "d $e s!o#n t!at t!e r "es and reg "ations pro& "gated $' t!e& #ere in accordance #it! #!at t!e VeteransD 0i"" of Rig!ts provides.
Pa.( 1@
carried over t!e s cceeding 'ears #it! t!e e&p"o'ee vo" ntari"' retiring or $eing separated fro& t!e service #it!o t fa "t on !is part, $eing entit"ed to t!e co&& tation of a"" s c! acc & "ated vacation or sic3 "eave to !is credit provided t!at it s!a"" in no case e7ceed ten ;-6< &ont!s. 8)fficia"s and e&p"o'ees retired nder t!is Act s!a"" $e entit"ed to t!e co&& tation of t!e n sed vacation and sic3 "eave, $ased on t!e !ig!est rate received, #!ic! t!e' !ave to t!eir credit at t!e ti&e of retire&ent.8 4. W!' t!en did respondent decide ot!er#ise9 It &a' !ave $een d e to a &isreading of Section 4-@+ of t!e Revised Ad&inistrative Code. W!at & st !ave &is"ed respondent #as a fai" re to ta3e d e note t!at t!is section dea"s so"e"' #it! a sit ation #!en a & nicipa" &a'or is a$sent fro& !is office $eca se of i""ness. It does not cover t!erefore t!e specific case !ere presented of t!e rig!t of t!e e"ective officia" to a co&& tation of !is vacation and sic3 "eave pon !is retire&ent or separation fro& t!e service t!ro g! no fa "t of !is o#n. Moreover it & st !ave fe"t = stified in vie# of t!e endorse&ent of t!e Co&&ission of t!e Civi" Service, #!o app"ied Section . of Civi" Service R "e OVI, inc" ded in #!ic! is t!e e7press in= nction t!at t!e "eave is not c & "ative. B rt!er ref"ection o g!t to !ave ca tioned it t!at certain"' t!is r "e is far fro& $eing app"ica$"e as on its face it is $ased on t!e aforesaid Section 4-@+, #!ic! as noted is not in point. 8T!e recognition of t!e po#er of ad&inistrative officia"s to pro& "gate r "es in t!e i&p"e&entation of t!e stat te, necessari"' "i&ited to #!at is provided for in t!e "egis"ative enact&ent, &a' $e fo nd in t!e ear"' case of 1nited States v. 0arrias decided in -.6@. T!en ca&e, in a -.-C decision, 1nited States v. T pasi Mo"ina, a de"ineation of t!e scope of s c! co&petence. T! s( D)f
Pa.( 1"
#it! t!e iss ance of a #rit of a pre"i&inar' in= nction against respondent %RC to restrain t!e "atter fro& enforcing t!e a$ove>&entioned reso" tion and to dec"are t!e sa&e nconstit tiona". R4*(% We rea"ize t!at t!e 2 estioned reso" tion #as adopted for a co&&enda$"e p rpose #!ic! is 8to preserve t!e integrit' and p rit' of t!e "icens re e7a&inations.8 Ao#ever, its good ai& cannot $e a c"oa3 to concea" its constit tiona" infir&ities. )n its face, it can $e readi"' seen t!at it is nreasona$"e in t!at an e7a&inee cannot even attend an' revie# c"ass, $riefing, conference or t!e "i3e, or receive an' !and>o t, revie# &ateria", or an' tip fro& an' sc!oo", co""ege or niversit', or an' revie# center or t!e "i3e or an' revie#er, "ect rer, instr ctor, officia" or e&p"o'ee of an' of t!e afore&entioned or si&i"ar instit tions. T!e nreasona$"eness is &ore o$vio s in t!at one #!o is ca g!t co&&itting t!e pro!i$ited acts even #it!o t an' i"" &otives #i"" $e $arred fro& ta3ing f t re e7a&inations cond cted $' t!e respondent %RC. B rt!er&ore, it is inconceiva$"e !o# t!e Co&&ission can &anage to !ave a #atc!f " e'e on eac! and ever' e7a&inee d ring t!e t!ree da's $efore t!e e7a&ination period. It is an ai7io& in ad&inistrative "a# t!at ad&inistrative a t!orities s!o "d not act ar$itrari"' and capricio s"' in t!e iss ance of r "es and reg "ations. To $e va"id, s c! r "es and reg "ations & st $e reasona$"e and fair"' adapted to t!e end in vie#. If s!o#n to $ear no reasona$"e re"ation to t!e p rposes for #!ic! t!e' are a t!orized to $e iss ed, t!en t!e' & st $e !e"d to $e inva"id. Reso" tion No. -6/ is not on"' nreasona$"e and ar$itrar', it a"so infringes on t!e e7a&ineesD rig!t to "i$ert' g aranteed $' t!e Constit tion. Respondent %RC !as no a t!orit' to dictate on t!e revie#ees as to !o# t!e'
Pa.( 2,
CSC Regiona" )ffice and affir&ed on appea" $' respondent. ISSUE% W)N CSC a$ sed its r "e>&a3ing po#er HELD% ABBIRMED. Respondent #as e7press"' e&po#ered to dec"are positions in t!e Civi" Service as &a' proper"' $e c"assified as pri&ari"' confidentia" nder Section -4, C!apter 5, 0oo3 V of t!e Ad&inistrative Code of -.@+. To o r &ind, t!is signifies t!at t!e en &eration fo nd in Section :, Artic"e IV of t!e Civi" Service Decree, #!ic! defines t!e non> career service, is not an e7c" sive "ist. Respondent co "d s pp"e&ent t!e en &eration, as it did #!en it iss ed Me&orand & Circ "ar No. 44, s. of -..-, $' specif'ing positions in t!e civi" service, #!ic! are considered pri&ari"' confidentia" and t!erefore t!eir occ pants are co>ter&ino s #it! t!e officia" t!e' serve. T!e assai"ed &e&orand & circ "ar can not $e dee&ed as an na t!orized a&end&ent of t!e "a#. )n t!e contrar', it #as iss ed p rs ant to a po#er e7press"' vested $' "a# pon respondent. As s c!, it & st $e respected $' t!is Co rt as a va"id iss ance of a constit tiona""' independent $od'.
SMART VS NLRC 1G.R. No. 1-1",@ A4.4$# 12! 2,,52 FACTS% % rs ant to its r "e>&a3ing and reg "ator' po#ers, t!e Nationa" Te"eco&& nications Co&&ission ;NTC< iss ed on * ne -:, 4666 Me&orand & Circ "ar No. -5>:>4666, pro& "gating r "es and reg "ations on t!e $i""ing of te"eco&& nications services. )n A g st 56, 4666, t!e NTC iss ed a Me&orand & to a"" ce"" "ar &o$i"e te"ep!one service ;CMTS< operators
Pa.( 21
#it! pra'er for t!e iss ance of a #rit of pre"i&inar' in= nction and te&porar' restraining order. 0ot! a""eged, inter alia, t!at t!e NTC a$ 0o ;4r)$')c#)o0 #o r(.4*a#( # ( $a*( o9 co0$46(r .oo'$ $4c a$ # ( &r(&a)' ca** car'$ $)0c( $4c ;4r)$')c#)o0 8(*o0.$ #o # ( D(&ar#6(0# o9 Tra'( a0' I0'4$#r7 40'(r # ( Co0$46(r Ac# o9 # ( P )*)&&)0($E # a# # ( B)**)0. C)rc4*ar )$ o&&r($$)/(! co09)$ca#or7 a0' /)o*a#)/( o9 # ( co0$#)#4#)o0a* &ro )8)#)o0 a.a)0$# '(&r)/a#)o0 o9 &ro&(r#7 <)# o4# '4( &roc($$ o9 *a<? # a# # ( C)rc4*ar <)** r($4*# )0 # ( )6&a)r6(0# o9 # ( /)a8)*)#7 o9 # ( &r(&a)' c(**4*ar $(r/)c( 87 40'4*7 &ro*o0.)0. # ( /a*)')#7 a0' (=&)ra#)o0 o9 # ( &r(&a)' SIM a0' ca** car'$E a0' # a# # ( r(F4)r(6(0#$ o9 )'(0#)9)ca#)o0 o9 &r(&a)' car' 847(r$ a0' ca** 8a*a0c( a00o40c(6(0# ar( 40r(a$o0a8*(. Aence, t!e' pra'ed t!at t!e 0i""ing Circ "ar $e dec"ared n "" and void ab initio. %etitioners G"o$e Te"eco&, Inc and S&art Co&& nications, Inc. fi"ed a =oint Motion for Leave to Intervene and to Ad&it Co&p"aint>in>Intervention #!ic! #as granted. Co rt iss ed a te&porar' restraining order. Motion to dis&iss and reconsideration #ere denied $' t!e RTC. Respondent NTC t! s fi"ed a specia" civi" action for certiorari and pro!i$ition #it! t!e Co rt of Appea"s #!ic! #as granted, !ence t!is petition. ISSUE% W!et!er or not va"idit' or constit tiona"it' of a r "e or reg "ation iss ed $' t!e ad&inistrative agenc' in t!e perfor&ance of its 2 asi>"egis"ative f nction is nder t!e = risdiction of reg "ar co rts. HELD% CA reversed. Regiona" Tria" Co rt !as = risdiction to !ear and decide t!e case.
Pa.( 22
"a#. T!e ad&inistrative $od' e7ercises its 2 asi>= dicia" po#er #!en it perfor&s in a = dicia" &anner an act #!ic! is essentia""' of an e7ec tive or ad&inistrative nat re, #!ere t!e po#er to act in s c! &anner is incidenta" to or reasona$"' necessar' for t!e perfor&ance of t!e e7ec tive or ad&inistrative d t' entr sted to it. In carr'ing o t t!eir 2 asi>= dicia" f nctions, t!e ad&inistrative officers or $odies are re2 ired to investigate facts or ascertain t!e e7istence of facts, !o"d !earings, #eig! evidence, and dra# conc" sions fro& t!e& as $asis for t!eir officia" action and e7ercise of discretion in a = dicia" nat re. I0 F4($#)o0)0. # ( /a*)')#7 or co0$#)#4#)o0a*)#7 o9 a r4*( or r(.4*a#)o0 )$$4(' 87 a0 a'6)0)$#ra#)/( a.(0c7! a &ar#7 0((' 0o# (= a4$# a'6)0)$#ra#)/( r(6(')($ 8(9or( .o)0. #o co4r#. T )$ &r)0c)&*( a&&*)($ o0*7 < (r( # ( ac# o9 # ( a'6)0)$#ra#)/( a.(0c7 co0c(r0(' <a$ &(r9or6(' &4r$4a0# #o )#$ F4a$)-;4')c)a* 940c#)o0! a0' 0o# < (0 # ( a$$a)*(' ac# &(r#a)0(' #o )#$ r4*(-6aG)0. or F4a$)-*(.)$*a#)/( &o<(r. A.1. INTERNAL RULES MAGLUNOB VS THE NATIONAL ABACA I OTHER FIBERS CORPORATION 1NAFCO2 G.R. No. L-62,5 F(8r4ar7 26! 1"-+ FACTS% %etitioner>appe""ants p"ead t!at t!e' are "and"ess #ar veterans and recognized and deserving g eri""as 2 a"ified to ac2 ire p $"ic "ands nder RA No. :/ and as s c! to enter pon, occ p', sett"e and ta3e possession of parts of t!e parce" of "and invo"ved !erein. T!e' contend t!at p rs ant to Rep. Acts. Nos. @ and :/, t!e directive of t!e %resident of t!e
Pa.( 25
"ands and govern&ent>o#ned or &anaged agric "t ra" far&s or s $divisions, to o$tain !o&esteads, concessions and franc!ises, and ot!er privi"eges for t!e e7p"oitation of t!e nationa" reso rces #!ic! are per&issi$"e and &ade avai"a$"e $' e7isting "a#s or t!e "i3e?8 Ao#ever, granting t!at petitioners !ave a preferentia" rig!t, t!e' !ave "ost it, $eca se since t!e passage of t!e "a# &ore t!an t!ree 'ears !ave a"read' e"apsed. In vie# of t!is ans#er and pon &otion of co nse" for t!e respondent a pre"i&inar' !earing #as !e"d as if a &otion to dis&iss !ad $een fi"ed. ISSUE% W)N RA No. :/ grants specific "ega" rig!t to petitioners? W)N t!e respondent !as specific "ega" d t' en=oined $' "a# to perfor& in connection t!ere#it!. RULING% After !earing t!e co rt dis&issed t!e co&p"aint on t!e gro nd t!at t!e parce" of "and in 2 estion $e"ongs e7c" sive"' to a corporation #!ose $oard of directors !appens to $e t!e sa&e $oard of directors of t!e respondent NABC) and for t!at reason t!e respondent cannot a"ienate t!e "ands in 2 estion to t!e petitioners. A &otion for reconsideration #as denied. Bro& t!e order of dis&issa" t!e petitioners !ave appea"ed. If NABC) is t!e &anager of t!e parce" of "and or is &anaging t!e p"antation t!erein, it is not t!e rea" part' in interest or t!e part' against #!o& t!e action s!o "d $e $ro g!t . At t!e pre"i&inar' !earing nder section /, R "e @, t!e part' asserting a fact & st prove it $' co&petent evidence. T!e d p"icate for t!e o#ner of t!e Torrens certificate of tit"e & st !ave $een presented or t!e origina" in t!e office of t!e Registrar of Deeds & st !ave $een e7!i$ited to t!e
Pa.( 2+
%"aintiff. T!e co&pan' #as not a$"e to preserve t!e receipt st $s fro& -.5: to -.5@ $ t #as a$"e to preserve t!ose for -.5. and -.C6. T!e provincia" reven e agent for Misa&is )ccidenta" ascertained t!e n &$er of receipts $' referring to t!e cond ctorJs dai"' report for t!e said period -.5: to -.5@. 0ot! t!e said dai"' reports of %"aintiffJs cond ctors and t!e avai"a$"e st $s ')' 0o# $#a#( # ( /a*4( of t!e goods transported t!ere nder. Ao#ever, respondent a$$46(' t!at t!e va" e of t!e goods covered $' eac! of t!e freig!t receipts a&o nted to &ore t!an %/, and assessed a doc &entar' sta&p ta7 of %6.6C on eac! of t!e receipts. T!e ta7 t! s assessed a&o nted to %+,++:.4C, #!ic! #as co""ected fro& t!e deposit of t!e %"aintiff in t!e %N0. %"aintiff de&anded t!e ref nd of t!e a&o nt, and pon ref sa" of t!e Defendant, %"aintiff fi"ed t!e action. T!e CBI rendered = dg&ent in favor of t!e %"aintiff. T!e CA reversed t!e decision of t!e CBI and a$so"ved t!e Defendant> Respondent fro& t!e co&p"aint. Aence, t!is appea". ISSUES%
(1)
Did t!e Secretar' of Binance infringe or vio"ate an' rig!t of t!e ta7pa'er #!en !e directed t!at t!e ta7 is to $e co""ected in a"" cases #!ere t!e $i"" of "ading or receipt 'o($ 0o# $#a#( # a# # ( $ )&6(0# )$ <or# P- or *($$, or, in t!e "ang age of t!e etitioner>Appellant, #!en !e ;Secretar'< created a &r($46&#)o0 o9 *)a8)*)#7 to t!e ta7 if t!e receipt fai"s to state s c! va" e9
t!at ta7 officers are in no position to #itness t!e iss ance of receipts and c!ec3 t!e va" e of t!e goods for #!ic! t!e' are iss ed. If ta7 officers #ere to assess or co""ect t!e ta7 on"' #!en t!e' find t!at t!e va" e of t!e goods covered $' t!e receipts is &ore t!an five pesos, t!e assess&ent and co""ection of t!e ta7 #o "d $e #e"">nig! i&possi$"e, as it is i&possi$"e for ta7 co""ectors to deter&ine fro& t!e receipts a"one, if t!e' do not contain t!e va" e of t!e goods, #!et!er t!e goods receipted for e7ceed %/, or not. T!e reg "ation i&p"ied"' re2 ired t!e state&ent of t!e va" e of t!e goods in t!e receipts? so t!at t!e co""ection of t!e ta7 can $e enforced. T!is t!e %etitioner> Appe""ant fai"ed to do and !e no# c"ai&s t!e nreasona$"eness of t!e provision as a $asis for !is e7e&ption. We find t!at t!e reg "ation is not on"' sef ", practica" and necessar' for t!e enforce&ent of t!e "a# on t!e ta7 on $i""s of "ading and receipts, $ t a"so reasona$"e in its provisions. T!e reg "ation a$ove 2 oted fa""s #it!in t!e scope of t!e ad&inistrative po#er of t!e Secretar' of Binance, as a t!orized in Section +. ;0< of t!e Revised Ad&inistrative Code, $eca se it is essentia" to t!e strict enforce&ent and proper e7ec tion of t!e "a# #!ic! it see3s to i&p"e&ent. Sa)' r(.4*a#)o0$ a/( # ( 9orc( a0' (99(c# o9 *a<. HIn t!e ver' nat re of t!ings in &an' cases it $eco&es i&practica$"e for t!e "egis"ative depart&ent of t!e Govern&ent to provide genera" reg "ations for t!e vario s and var'ing detai"s for t!e &anage&ent of a partic "ar depart&ent of t!e Govern&ent. It t!erefore $eco&es convenient for t!e "egis"ative depart&ent of t!e Govern&ent, $' La#, in a &ost genera" #a', to provide for t!e cond ct, contro" and &anage&ent of t!e #or3 of t!e partic "ar depart&ent of t!e Govern&ent? to a t!orize certain persons, in c!arge of t!e &anage&ent,
Pa.( 26
D8No !eavi"' "oaded casco, "ig!ter, or ot!er si&i"ar craft s!a"" $e per&itted to &ove in t!e %asig River #it!o t $eing to#ed $' stea& or &oved $' ot!er ade2 ate po#er.8 %aragrap! @5 reads, in part, as fo""o#s( 8Bor t!e vio"ation of an' of t!e foregoing reg "ations, t!e person offending s!a"" $e "ia$"e to a fine of not "ess t!an %/ and not &ore t!an %/66, in t!e discretion of t!e co rt.8 T!e co nse" of t!e appe""ant attac3ed t!e va"idit' of paragrap! +6 on t#o gro nds( Birst, t!at it is na t!orized $' section -. of Act No. 5//? and, second, t!at if t!e Acts of t!e %!i"ippine Co&&ission $ear t!e interpretation of a t!orizing t!e Co""ector to pro& "gate s c! a "a#, t!e' are void, as constit ting an i""ega" de"egation of "egis"ative po#er. ISSUE% W)N it is an nd e de"egation of "egis"ative po#er to a t!orize t!e Co""ector to pro& "gate s c! "a#.
R4*($ 9or *oca* 0a/).a#)o0 &r($cr)8(' 87 # ( co**(c#or o9 a &or# a$ ar8or 6a$#(r &4r$4a0# #o $#a#4#or7 a4# or)#7 6a7 8( $4$#a)0(' a$ 0o# a0 40'4( (=(rc)$( o9 a '(*(.a#(' *(.)$*a#)/( &o<(r. T ( 9)=)0. o9 &(0a*#)($ 9or cr)6)0a* o99(0$($ )$ # ( (=(rc)$( o9 a *(.)$*a#)/( &o<(r < )c ca0 0o# 8( '(*(.a#(' #o a $48or')0a#( a4# or)#7. 0' sections -, 4, and 5 of Act No. --5:, passed Apri" 4., -.6C, t!e Co""ector of C sto&s is a t!orized to "icense craft engaged in t!e "ig!terage or ot!er e7c" sive"' !ar$or $ siness of t!e ports of t!e Is"ands, and, #it! certain
Pa.( 23
)0 # ()r 0a#4r( &o*)c( r(.4*a#)o0$ 0o# )0/o*/)0. a0 40'4( .ra0# o9 *(.)$*a#)/( &o<(r. T!e co&p"aint in t!is instance #as fra&ed #it! reference, as its a t!orit', to sections 5-- and 5-. E-. and 5--F of Act No. 5//, of t!e %!i"ippine C sto&s Ad&inistrative Act, as a&ended $' Acts Nos. -45/ and -C@6. 1nder Act No. -45/, t!e Co""ector is not on"' e&po#ered to &a3e s ita$"e reg "ations, $ t a"so to 8fi7 pena"ties for vio"ation t!ereof,8 not e7ceeding a fine of %/66. T!is provision of t!e stat te does, indeed, present a serio s 2 estion. 8)ne of t!e sett"ed &a7i&s in constit tiona" "a# is, t!at t!e po#er conferred pon t!e "egis"at re to &a3e "a#s can not $e de"egated $' t!at depart&ent to an' ot!er $od' or a t!orit'. W!ere t!e sovereign po#er of t!e State !as "ocated t!e a t!orit', t!ere it & st re&ain? and $' t!e constit tiona" agenc' a"one t!e "a#s & st $e &ade nti" t!e constit tion itse"f is c!anged. T!e po#er to #!ose = dg&ent, #isdo&, and patriotis& t!is !ig! prerogative !as $een entr sted can not re"ieve itse"f of t!e responsi$i"it' $' c!oosing ot!er agencies pon #!ic! t!e po#er s!a"" $e deve"oped, nor can it s $stit te t!e = dg&ent, #isdo&, and patriotis& of an' ot!er $od' for t!ose to #!ic! a"one t!e peop"e !ave seen fit to confide t!is sovereign tr st.8 ;Coo"e'Ds Constit tiona" Li&itations, :t! ed., p. -5+.< T!is doctrine is $ased on t!e et!ica" princip"e t!at s c! a de"egated po#er constit tes not on"' a rig!t $ t a d t' to $e perfor&ed $' t!e de"egate $' t!e instr &enta"it' of !is o#n = dg&ent acting i&&ediate"' pon t!e &atter of "egis"ation and not t!ro g! t!e intervening &ind of anot!er. In t!e case of t!e 1nited States vs. 0reen ;C6 Bed. Rep., C64<, an Act of Congress a""o#ing t!e Secretar' of War to &a3e s c! r "es and reg "ations as &ig!t $e necessar' to protect i&prove&ents of t!e Mississippi
Pa.( 2@
0a', t!e pena"t' for t!e vio"ation of s c! r "es and reg "ations is a &atter p re"' in t!e !ands of t!e "egis"at re.8 Aaving reac!ed t!e conc" sion t!at Ac# No. 1156 )$ /a*)', so far as sections / and @ are concerned. We are a"so of t!e opinion t!at none of t!e s $se2 ent stat tes cited operate to repea" t!e aforesaid section of Act No. --5:. So & c! of t!e = dg&ent of t!e Co rt of Birst Instance as convicts t!e defendant of a vio"ation of Acts Nos. 5// and -45/ is !ere$' revo3ed, and !e is !ere$' convicted of a &isde&eanor and p nis!ed $' a fine of 4/ do""ars, #it! costs of $ot! instances. So ordered. THE UNITED STATES! /$.FRANA TUPASI MOLINA Facts: Bran3 T pasi Mo"ina #as c!arged of a cri&e of per= r', in vio"ation of Section 5, Act no. -:.+, #!en defendant signed a petition to $e per&itted to ta3e t!e e7a&ination for t!e position of & nicipa" po"ice&an and &ade a fa"se dec"aration nder oat! t!at !e #as 2 a"ified to t!e e7a&inations for & nicipa" po"ice and !ave not $een c!arged of an' cri&e D ring tria", prosec tion presented evidence t!at t!e defendant #as sentenced and i&prisoned for dist r$ing p $"ic peace. Defendant arg es t!at said Act #as not app"ica$"e in t!e present case since t!is Act #as only a t!orizing t!e appoint&ent of co&&issioners, to &a3e officia" investigations, fi7ing t!eir po#ers, for t!e pa'&ent of #itness fees, and for t!e p nis!&ent of per= r' in officia" investigations. I$$4(%
Pa.( 2"
A vio"ation of a reg "ation prescri$ed $' an e7ec tive officer of t!e Govern&ent in confor&it' #it! and $ased pon a stat te a t!orizing s c! reg "ation, constit tes an offense and renders t!e offender "ia$"e to p nis!&ent in accordance #it! t!e provisions of "a#. In t!e ver' nat re of t!ings in &an' cases it $eco&es i&practica$"e for t!e *(.)$*a#)/( '(&ar#6(0# o9 # ( Go/(r06(0# #o &ro/)'( .(0(ra* r(.4*a#)o0$ 9or # ( /ar)o4$ a0' /ar7)0. '(#a)*$ 9or # ( 6a0a.(6(0# o9 a &ar#)c4*ar '(&ar#6(0# o9 # ( Go/(r06(0#. It t!erefore $eco&es convenient for t!e "egis"ative depart&ent of t!e Govern&ent, $' "a#, in a &ost genera" #a', to provide for t!e cond ct, contro", and &anage&ent of t!e #or3 of t!e partic "ar depart&ent of t!e Govern&ent? to a t!orize certain persons, in c!arge of t!e &anage&ent, contro", and direction of t!e partic "ar depart&ent, to adopt certain r "es and reg "ations providing for t!e detai" of t!e &anage&ent and contro" of s c! depart&ent. S c! reg "ations !ave nifor&"' $een !e"d to !ave t!e force of "a#, #!enever t!e' are fo nd to $e in consonance and in !ar&on' #it! t!e genera" p rposes and o$=ects of t!e "a#. We !e"d in t!e &an' cases t!at said section 5 #as a provision p nis!ing t!e cri&e of per= r' genera""'. We find no reason, eit!er in "a# or in t!e arg &ent of t!e appe""ant in t!e present case, to &odif' or reverse o r conc" sions in t!at case. T!e defendant #as g i"t' of t!e cri&e c!arged. PP. /. MACEREN GR No. L-52166 FACTS% T!is is a case invo"ving t!e va"idit' of a -.:+ reg "ation, pena"izing e"ectro fis!ing in fres! #ater fis!eries,
Pa.( 5,
T! s, t!e p!rase 8in an' portion of t!e %!i"ippine #aters8 fo nd in section 4, #as c!anged $' t!e a&endator' order to read as fo""o#s( 8in fresh water fisheries in t!e %!i"ippines, s c! as rivers, "a3es, s#a&ps, da&s, irrigation cana"s and ot!er $odies of fres! #ater.8 ISSUE% WHETHER OR NOT THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE EDCEEDED ITS AUTHORITY IN ISSUING ADMINISTARTIVE ORDERS. HELD% T!e Co rt is of t!e opinion t!at t!e Secretar' of Agric "t re and Nat ra" Reso rces and t!e Co&&issioner of Bis!eries e7ceeded t!eir a t!orit' in iss ing Bis!eries Ad&inistrative )rders Nos. @C and @C>- and t!at t!ose orders are not #arranted nder t!e Bis!eries Co&&ission, Rep $"ic Act No. 5/-4. T!e reason is t!at t!e Bis!eries La# does not e7press"' pro!i$it e"ectro fis!ing. As e"ectro fis!ing is not $anned nder t!at "a#, t!e Secretar' of Agric "t re and Nat ra" Reso rces and t!e Co&&issioner of Bis!eries are po#er"ess to pena"ize it. In ot!er #ords, Ad&inistrative )rders Nos. @C and @C>-, in pena"izing e"ectro fis!ing, are devoid of an' "ega" $asis. Aad t!e "a#&a3ing $od' intended to p nis! e"ectro fis!ing, a pena" provision to t!at effect co "d !ave $een easi"' e&$odied in t!e o"d Bis!eries La#. T!at "a# p nis!es ;-< t!e se of o$no7io s or poisono s s $stance, or e7p"osive in fis!ing? ;4< n"a#f " fis!ing in deepsea fis!eries? ;5< n"a#f " ta3ing of &arine &o" sca, ;C< i""ega" ta3ing of sponges? ;/< fai" re of "icensed fis!er&en to report t!e 3ind and 2 antit' of fis! ca g!t, and ;:< ot!er vio"ations.
Pa.( 51
for t!e & "tifario s and co&p"e7 sit ations t!at &a' $e enco ntered in enforcing t!e "a#. A"" t!at is re2 ired is t!at t!e reg "ation s!o "d $e ger&ane to t!e defects and p rposes of t!e "a# and t!at it s!o "d confor& to t!e standards t!at t!e "a# prescri$es ;%eop"e vs. E7conde -6- %!i". --4/? Director of Borestr' vs. M G?oz, L>4C+.:, * ne 4@, -.:@, 45 SCRA --@5, --.@? Ge 3e3o vs. Araneta, -64 %!i". +6:, +-4<. T!e "a#&a3ing $od' cannot possi$"' provide for a"" t!e detai"s in t!e enforce&ent of a partic "ar stat te ;1.S. vs. T pasi Mo"ina, 4. %!i". --., -4/, citing 1.S. vs. Gri&a d 446 1.S. /6:? Interprovincia" A to$ s Co., Inc. vs. Co"". of Interna" Reven e, .@ %!i". 4.6, 4./>:<. T!e grant of t!e r "e>&a3ing po#er to ad&inistrative agencies is a re"a7ation of t!e princip"e of separation of po#ers and is an e7ception to t!e nonde"eption of "egis"ative, po#ers. Ad&inistrative reg "ations or 8s $ordinate "egis"ation ca"c "ated to pro&ote t!e p $"ic interest are necessar' $eca se of 8t!e gro#ing co&p"e7it' of &ode& "ife, t!e & "tip"ication of t!e s $=ects of govern&enta" reg "ations, and t!e increased diffic "t' of ad&inistering t!e "a#8 Ca"a"ang vs. Wi""ia&s, +6 %!i". +4:? %eop"e vs. Rosent!a" and )s&eG?a, :@ %!i". 54@<. Ad&inistrative reg "ations adopted nder "egis"ative a t!orit' $' a partic "ar depart&ent & st $e in !ar&on' #it! t!e provisions of t!e "a#, and s!o "d $e for t!e so"e p rpose of carr'ing into effect its genera" provisions. 0' s c! reg "ations, of co rse, t!e "a# itse"f cannot $e e7tended. ;1.S. vs. T pasi Mo"ina, s pra<. An ad&inistrative agenc' cannot a&end an act of Congress ;Santos vs. Estenzo, -6. %!i". C-., C44? Teo7on vs. Me&$ers of t!e d of Ad&inistrators, L>4/:-., * ne 56, -.+6, 55 SCRA /@/? Man e" vs. Genera" A diting )ffice, L>4@./4, Dece&$er 4.,
Pa.( 52
destr ction of !is propert' d ring t!e #ar. H(*'% %!i"ippines Interna" Reven e La#s are not po"itica" in nat re and as s c! #ere contin ed in force d ring t!e period of ene&' occ pation and in effect #ere act a""' enforced $' t!e occ pation govern&ent. S c! ta7 "a#s are dee&ed to $e "a#s of t!e occ pied territor' and not of t!e occ p'ing ene&'. As of t!e end of -.C/, t!ere #as no "a# #!ic! Ai"ado co "d c"ai& for t!e destr ction of !is properties d ring t!e $att"e for t!e "i$eration of t!e %!i"ippines. 1nder t!e %!i"ippine Re!a$i"itation Act of -.C@, t!e pa'&ent of c"ai&s $' t!e War Da&age Co&&ission depended pon its discretions non>pa'&ent of #!ic! does not give rise to an' enforcea$"e rig!t. Ass &ing t!at t!e "oss ;ded cti$"e ite&< represents a portion of t!e +/S of !is #ar da&age c"ai&, t!e a&o nt #o "d $e at &ost a proper ded ction of !is -./6 gross inco&e ;not on !is -./- gross inco&e< as t!e "ast insta""&ent and notice of discontin ation of pa'&ent $' t!e War Da&age VICTORIAS MILLING COMPANY! INC.! v. SOCIAL SECURITY COMMISSION )n )cto$er -/, -./@, t!e Socia" Sec rit' Co&&ission iss ed its Circ "ar No. 44 of t!e fo""o#ing tenor( . Effective Nove&$er -, -./@, a"" E&p"o'ers in co&p ting t!e pre&i &s d e t!e S'ste&, #i"" ta3e into consideration and inc" de in t!e E&p"o'eeDs re& neration a"" $on ses and overti&e pa', as #e"" as t!e cas! va" e of ot!er &edia of re& neration. A"" t!ese #i"" co&prise t!e E&p"o'eeDs re& neration or earnings, pon #!ic! t!e 5>-K4S and 4>-K4S contri$ tions #i"" $e $ased, p to a &a7i& & of %/66 for an' one &ont!.
Pa.( 55
r "e or reg "ation and an ad&inistrative interpretation of a "a# #!ose enforce&ent is entr sted to an ad&inistrative $od'. W!en an ad&inistrative agenc' pro& "gates r "es and reg "ations, it 8&a3es8 a ne# "a# #it! t!e force and effect of a va"id "a#, #!i"e #!en it renders an opinion or gives a state&ent of po"ic', it &ere"' interprets a pre>e7isting "a# ;%ar3er, Ad&inistrative La#, p. -.+? Davis, Ad&inistrative La#, p. -.C<. R "es and reg "ations #!en pro& "gated in p rs ance of t!e proced re or a t!orit' conferred pon t!e ad&inistrative agenc' $' "a#, parta3e of t!e nat re of a stat te, and co&p"iance t!ere#it! &a' $e enforced $' a pena" sanction provided in t!e "a#. T!is is so $eca se stat tes are s a""' co c!ed in genera" ter&s, after e7pressing t!e po"ic', p rposes, o$=ectives, re&edies and sanctions intended $' t!e "egis"at re. T!e detai"s and t!e &anner of carr'ing o t t!e "a# are often ti&es "eft to t!e ad&inistrative agenc' entr sted #it! its enforce&ent. In t!is sense, it !as $een said t!at r "es and reg "ations are t!e prod ct of a de"egated po#er to create ne# or additiona" "ega" provisions t!at !ave t!e effect of "a#. ;Davis, op. cit., p. -.C.< . A r "e is $inding on t!e co rts so "ong as t!e proced re fi7ed for its pro& "gation is fo""o#ed and its scope is #it!in t!e stat tor' a t!orit' granted $' t!e "egis"at re, even if t!e co rts are not in agree&ent #it! t!e po"ic' stated t!erein or its innate #isdo& ;Davis, op. cit., -./> -.+<. )n t!e ot!er !and, ad&inistrative interpretation of t!e "a# is at $est &ere"' advisor', for it is t!e co rts t!at fina""' deter&ine #!at t!e "a# &eans. Circ "ar No. 44 in 2 estion #as iss ed $' t!e Socia" Sec rit' Co&&ission, in vie# of t!e a&end&ent of t!e provisions of t!e Socia" Sec rit' La# defining t!e ter& 8co&pensation8 contained in Section @ ;f< of Rep $"ic Act No. --:- #!ic!, $efore its a&end&ent, reads as fo""o#s( .
Pa.( 5+
#as &ere"' t!at a reg "ation &a' $e incorporated in t!e for& of a circ "ar. S c! state&ent si&p"' &eant t!at t!e s $stance and not t!e for& of a reg "ation is decisive in deter&ining its nat re. It does not "a' do#n a genera" proposition of "a# t!at an' circ "ar, regard"ess of its s $stance and even if it is on"' interpretative, constit tes a r "e or reg "ation #!ic! & st $e p $"is!ed in t!e )fficia" Gazette $efore it co "d ta3e effect. T!e case of eople ). -ue o .ay ;/6 ).G. 4@/6< a"so cited $' appe""ant is not app"ica$"e to t!e present case, $eca se t!e pena"t' t!at &a' $e inc rred $' e&p"o'ers and e&p"o'ees if t!e' ref se to pa' t!e corresponding pre&i &s on $on s, overti&e pa', etc. #!ic! t!e e&p"o'er pa's to !is e&p"o'ees, is not $' reason of non>co&p"iance #it! Circ "ar No. 44, $ t for vio"ation of t!e specific "ega" provisions contained in Section 4+;c< and ;f< of Rep $"ic Act No. --:-. We find, t!erefore, t!at Circ "ar No. 44 p rports &ere"' to advise e&p"o'ers> &e&$ers of t!e S'ste& of #!at, in t!e "ig!t of t!e a&end&ent of t!e "a#, t!e' s!o "d inc" de in deter&ining t!e &ont!"' co&pensation of t!eir e&p"o'ees pon #!ic! t!e socia" sec rit' contri$ tions s!o "d $e $ased, and t!at s c! circ "ar did not re2 ire presidentia" approva" and p $"ication in t!e )fficia" Gazette for its effectivit'. It !ard"' need $e said t!at t!e Co&&issionDs interpretation of t!e a&end&ent e&$odied in its Circ "ar No. 44, is correct. T!e e7press e"i&ination a&ong t!e e7e&ptions e7c" ded in t!e o"d "a#, of a"" $on ses, a""o#ances and overti&e pa' in t!e deter&ination of t!e 8co&pensation8 paid to e&p"o'ees &a3es it i&perative t!at s c! $on ses and overti&e pa' & st no# $e inc" ded in t!e e&p"o'eeDs re& neration in p rs ance of t!e a&endator' "a#. It is
Pa.( 5-
G.R. No. L-+6+"6 F(8r4ar7 23! 1"+, FACTS% Teodoro Tori$io o#ns and operates Ang Ti$a' a "eat!er co&pan' #!ic! s pp"ies t!e %!i"ippine Ar&'. D e to a""eged s!ortage of "eat!er, Tori$io ca sed t!e "a'off of &e&$ers of Nationa" La$or 1nion Inc. ;NL1<. NL1 averred t!at Tori$ioJs act is not va"id as it is not #it!in t!e Co""ective 0argaining Agree&ent. T!e' a"so a""eged t!at t!ere are t#o "a$or nions in Ang Ti$a'? NL1 and Nationa" Wor3erJs 0rot!er!ood ;NW0<. T!e' f rt!er contend t!at NW0 is do&inated $' Tori$io !i&se"f !ence !e favors it over NL1. NL1 pra's for a ne# tria" as t!e' #ere a$"e to co&e p #it! ne# evidenceKdoc &ents t!at t!e' #ere not a$"e to o$tain $efore, as t!e' #ere inaccessi$"e and t!e' #ere not a$"e to present it $efore in t!e Co rt of Ind stria" Re"ations. ISSUE% W!et!er or not t!ere !as $een a d e process of "a#. HELD% T!e SC r "ed t!at t!ere s!o "d $e a ne# tria" in favor of NL1. T!e Co rt of Ind stria" Re"ations is a specia" co rt #!ose f nctions are specifica""' stated in t!e "a# of its creation ;Co&&on#ea"t! Act No. -65<. It is &ore an ad&inistrative t!an a part of t!e integrated = dicia" s'ste& of t!e nation. It !as = risdiction over t!e entire %!i"ippines, to consider, investigate, decide, and sett"e an' 2 estion, &atter controvers' or disp te arising $et#een, andKor affecting e&p"o'ers and e&p"o'ees or "a$orers, and reg "ate t!e re"ations $et#een t!e&, s $=ect to, and in accordance #it!, t!e provisions of Co&&on#ea"t! Act No. -65 ;Section -<.
Pa.( 56
;/< T!e decision & st $e rendered on t!e evidence presented at t!e !earing, or at "east contained in t!e record and disc"osed to t!e parties affected. ;:< T!e Co rt of Ind stria" Re"ations or an' of its = dges, t!erefore, & st act on its or !is o#n independent consideration of t!e "a# and facts of t!e controvers', and not si&p"' accept t!e vie#s of a s $ordinate in arriving at a decision. ;+< T!e Co rt of Ind stria" Re"ations s!o "d, in a"" controversia" 2 estions, render its decision in s c! a &anner t!at t!e parties to t!e proceeding can 3no# t!e vario s iss es invo"ved, and t!e reasons for t!e decisions rendered. T!e perfor&ance of t!is d t' is insepara$"e fro& t!e a t!orit' conferred pon it. In t!e rig!t of t!e foregoing f nda&enta" princip"es, it is s fficient to o$serve t!at, e7cept as to t!e a""eged agree&ent $et#een t!e Ang Ti$a' and t!e Nationa" Wor3erDs 0rot!er!ood, t!e record is $arren and does not satisf' t!e t!irst for a fact a" $asis pon #!ic! to predicate, in a nationa" #a', a conc" sion of "a#. T!e SC f rt!er !e"d t!at t!at t!e interest of = stice #o "d $e $etter served if t!e &ovant is given opport nit' to present at t!e !earing t!e doc &ents referred to in !is &otion and s c! ot!er evidence as &a' $e re"evant to t!e &ain iss e invo"ved. T! s, t!e &otion for a ne# tria" #as granted, and t!e entire record of t!e case #as re&anded to t!e Co rt of Ind stria" Re"ations, #it! instr ction t!at it reopen t!e case, receive a"" s c! evidence as &a' $e re"evant and ot!er#ise proceed in accordance #it! t!e re2 ire&ents set fort! !ereina$ove. IN RE CONTEMPT PROCEEDINGS AGAINST ARMANDO RAMOS! ?ESUS L. CARMELO /. ARMANDO RAMOS Fac#$%
Pa.( 53
T!e r "e is t!at R "e :C of t!e R "es of Co rt app"ies on"' to inferior and s perior co rts and does not co&pre!end conte&pt co&&itted against ad&inistrative officia"s or $odies "i3e t!e one in t!is case, n"ess said conte&pt is c"ear"' considered and e7press"' defined as conte&pt of co rt, as is done in paragrap! 4 of Section /@6 of t!e Revised Ad&inistrative Code. Section /@6 of t!e Revised Ad&inistrative Code #!ic! provides as fo""o#s( %o#ers incidenta" to ta3ing of testi&on'. Q W!en a t!orit' to ta3e testi&on' or evidence is conferred pon an ad&inistrative officer or pon an' non= dicia" person, co&&ittee, or ot!er $od', s c! a t!orit' s!a"" $e nderstood to co&pre!end t!e rig!t to ad&inister oat!s and s &&ons #itnesses and s!a"" inc" de a t!orit' to re2 ire t!e prod ction of doc &ents nder a subpoena duces tecum or ot!er#ise, s $=ect in a"" respects to t!e sa&e restrictions and 2 a"ifications as app"' in = dicia" proceedings of a si&i"ar c!aracter. )ne #!o invo3es t!is provision of t!e "a# & st first s!o# t!at !e !as 8a t!orit' to ta3e testi&on' or evidence8 $efore !e can app"' to t!e co rts for t!e p nis!&ent of !osti"e #itnesses. T!ere is not!ing said in t!e e7ec tive order of t!e Ma'or creating t!e co&&ittee a$o t s c! a grant of po#er. A"" t!at t!e order gives to t!is $od' is t!e po#er to investigate ano&a"ies invo"ving certain cit' e&p"o'ees. SC does not agree #it! t!e petitioner t!at a de"egation of s c! po#er to investigation i&p"ies a"so a de"egation of t!e po#er to ta3e testi&on' or evidence of #itnesses #!ose appearance &a' $e re2 ire $' t!e co&p "sor' process of s $poena. B rt!er&ore, it is do $tf " #!et!er t!e provisions of section /@6 of t!e Ad&inistrative Code are app"ica$"e to t!e
Pa.( 5@
&is"eading state&ents and t!at t!e' #ere not "a#f ""' ad&issi$"e at t!e ti&e of entr', not $eing proper"' doc &ented for ad&ission.8 T!e #arrants directed an' i&&igration office or officer of t!e "a# to $ring t!e respondents $efore t!e Co&&issioner, for t!e& to s!o# ca se, if an' t!ere $e, #!' t!e' s!o "d not $e deported. Man e" Ca"acda' #as s $se2 ent"' arrested. T!e ot!ers re&ained at "arge. )n 4: Apri" -.:/, t!e respondents fi"ed $efore t!e respondent co rt a petition, doc3eted as Civi" Case No. :6.6:, pra'ing for t!ree principa" re"iefs, na&e"'( to restrain t!e arrest of t!ose petitioners #!o !ave not $een arrested? to re"ease Man e" Ca"acda' #!o !ad $een arrested? and to pro!i$it t!e deportation of a"" t!e petitioners, a"" pon t!e c"ai& t!at t!e' are Bi"ipino citizens. RTC granted t!e petition. I$$4(% W!et!er or not t!e RTC !as = risdiction to restrain t!e deportation proceedings H(*'% We agree #it! petitioning Co&&issioner t!at t!e co rt $e"o# is #it!o t = risdiction to restrain t!e deportation proceedings of respondents Ca"acda's. T!ese proceedings are #it!in t!e = risdiction of t!e I&&igration a t!orities nder Sections 4@ and 5+ of t!e %!i"ippine I&&igration Act ;C.A. No. :-5<. T!at = risdiction is not to""ed $' a c"ai& of Bi"ipino citizens!ip, #!ere t!e Co&&issioner or Co&&issioners !ave re"ia$"e evidence to t!e contrar'? and $a)' o99)c(r$ $ o4*' 8( .)/(0 o&&or#40)#7 #o '(#(r6)0( # ( )$$4( o9 c)#)C(0$ )& 8(9or( # ( co4r#$ )0#(r9(r( )0 # ( (=(rc)$( o9 # ( &o<(r o9 ;4')c)a* r(/)(< o9 a'6)0)$#ra#)/( '(c)$)o0$.
Pa.( 5"
t!ere $e, #!' !e s!o "d not $e deported fro& t!e %!i"ippines8, as e7press"' recited t!erein. T!ere #as no case of 8s &&ari"' arresting and deporting8 t!e respondents Ca"acda's, as n#arranted"' ass &ed $' t!e co rt $e"o#. T!e Ca"acda's !ave a"" ded in t!is Co rt to certain doc &ents in s pport of t!eir c"ai& to %!i"ippine citizens!ip. T!e proper proced re is for said respondents to appear $efore t!e I&&igration officia"s and t!ere s $&it t!ese doc &ents as evidence on t!eir part to s!o# ca se #!' t!e' s!o "d not $e deported. IN VIEW )B TAE B)REG)ING, t!e #rit pra'ed for is !ere$' granted, t!e order iss ed in Civi" Case No. :6.6: of t!e Co rt of Birst Instance of Mani"a is set aside, and t!e proceedings ordered discontin ed. 0 t t!e #arrants of arrest !eretofore iss ed $' t!e petitioner, I&&igration Co&&issioner, against !erein respondents Ca"acda's are dec"ared n "" and void, #it!o t pre= dice to said respondents $eing re2 ired to f rnis! $onds in s c! reasona$"e s &s as t!e I&&igration Co&&issioners &a' fi7, in order to g arantee t!eir appearance at t!e !earings and ot!er proceedings in t!eir case, nti" fina" deter&ination of t!eir rig!t to sta' in t!e %!i"ippines %LDT v. %SC EVANGELISTA v. ?ARENCIO FACTS% T!is is an origina" action for certiorari and pro!i$ition #it! pre"i&inar' in= nction, nder R "e :/ of t!e R "es of Co rt, see3ing to ann " and set aside t!e order of respondent * dge, t!e Aonora$"e Ai"arion *. *arencio, %residing * dge of t!e Co rt of Birst Instance of Mani"a, dated * "' -, -.:@, in Civi" Case No. +556/,
Pa.( +,
Bernando Mana"astas, t!en Acting Cit' % $"ic Service )fficer of Mani"a, a s $poena ad testificandum co&&anding !i& 8to $e and appear as #itness at t!e )ffice of t!e %RESIDENTIAL AGENCP )N REB)RMS AND G)VERNMENT )%ERATI)NS ... t!en and t!ere to dec"are and testif' in a certain investigation pending t!erein.8 ISSUE% W!et!er t!e Agenc', acting t!r its officia"s, en=o's t!e a t!orit' to iss e s $poenas in its cond ct of fact>finding investigations. HELD% PES. It !as $een essa'ed t!at t!e "ife $"ood of t!e ad&inistrative process is t!e f"o# of fact, t!e gat!ering, t!e organization and t!e ana"'sis of evidence. 3 Investigations are sef " for a"" ad&inistrative f nctions, not on"' for r "e &a3ing, ad= dication, and "icensing, $ t a"so for prosec ting, for s pervising and directing, for deter&ining genera" po"ic', for reco&&ending, "egis"ation, and for p rposes no &ore specific t!an i"" &inating o$sc re areas to find o t #!at if an't!ing s!o "d $e done. @ An ad&inistrative agenc' &a' $e a t!orized to &a3e investigations, not on"' in proceedings of a "egis"ative or = dicia" nat re, $ t a"so in proceedings #!ose so"e p rpose is to o$tain infor&ation pon #!ic! f t re action of a "egis"ative or = dicia" nat re &a' $e ta3en " and &a' re2 ire t!e attendance of #itnesses in proceedings of a p re"' investigator' nat re. It &a' cond ct genera" in2 iries into evi"s ca""ing for correction, and to report findings to appropriate $odies and &a3e reco&&endations for actions. 1, We recognize t!at in t!e case $efore 1s, petitioner Agenc' dra#s its s $poena po#er fro& E7ec tive )rder No. C, para. / #!ic!, in an effect ating &ood, e&po#ered it to 8s &&on #itness,
Pa.( +1
Fac#$% T!e %!i"ippine Air"ines Inc provides $ot! do&estic and internationa" air service. In its do&estic service %AL provides, a&ong ot!ers, services $et#een T g egarao and Mani"a ;designated as B"ig!t 4-5< and $et#een 0ag io and Mani"a ;designated as B"ig!t 46/<. )n Ma' -4, -.+6, %AL !ad an e7cess of t#ent' ;46< passengers fro& 0ag io to Mani"a #!o cannot $e acco&&odated in its reg "ar f"ig!t. To acco&&odate t!ese t#ent' passengers, %AL re2 ired t!e aircraft operating B"ig!t 4-5 ;T g egarao to Mani"a< to pass 0ag io Cit' on its #a' to Mani"a and pic3 p t!ese passengers. B"ig!t 4-5 at t!at ti&e #as carr'ing on"' five ;/< passengers. C"ai&ing t!at %AL s!o "d !ave first o$tained t!e per&ission of t!e CIVIL AER)NA1TICS 0)ARD ;CA0< $efore operating t!e f"agstop and t!at s c! fai" re is a vio"ation of Rep $"ic Act No. ++:, t!e CA0 i&posed a fine of %/,666.66 pon %AL in a reso" tion. 1pon &otion for reconsideration fi"ed $' %AL, t!e CA0 red ced t!e fine to %4,/66.66 %AL, in its &otion for reconsideration, arg ed t!at t!ere is not!ing in Rep $"ic Act No. ++: in genera", nor in Section C4;3< t!ereof in partic "ar, #!ic! e7press"' e&po#ers CA0 to i&pose a fine and order its pa'&ent in t!e &anner p rs ed in t!is case and nder CA0 Reso" tion No. -6.;+6<. It f rt!er stressed t!at 8t!e po#er and a t!orit' to i&pose fines and pena"ties is a = dicia" f nction e7ercised t!ro g! t!e reg "ar co rts of = stice, and t!at s c! po#er and a t!orit' cannot $e de"egated to t!e Civi" Aerona tics 0oard &' &ere i&p"ication or interpretation8. I$$4(%
Pa.( +2
i&pose a civi" pena"t' on an erring air"ine for vio"ation of its r "es and reg "ations it #o "d !ave to resort to co rts of = stice in protracted "itigations t!en it co "d not serve its p rpose of e7ercising a co&petent, efficient and effective s pervision and contro" over air carriers in t!eir vita" ro"e of rendering p $"ic service $' affording safe and convenient air transit. T!ere is no do $t t!at t!e fine i&posed on appe""ant %AL in CA0 reso" tion -6.;+6< and -54;+6< is t!at fine or civi" pena"t' conte&p"ated and &entioned in t!e foregoing provisions of Rep $"ic Act ++: and not a fine in t!e nat re of cri&ina" pena"t' as conte&p"ated in t!e Revised %ena" Code, $eca se t!e 8fine8 in t!is case #as i&posed $' t!e C.A.0. $eca se of appe""ant %ALDs vio"ation of C.A.0. r "es on f"agstops #it!o t previo s a t!orit' on 8Ma' -4, -.+6 and on previo s occasions8, said C.A.0. e7p"aining c"ear"' in its reso" tion No. -54;+6< t!at t!e 8i&position of t!e fine is not so & c! on e7acting pena"t' for t!e vio"ation co&&itted as t!e need to stress pon t!e air carriers to desist fro& #anton disregard of e7isting r "es, reg "ations or re2 ire&ents of t!e govern&ent reg "ating agenc'. In ot!er #ords, it is an ad&inistrative pena"t' #!ic! ad&inistrative officers are e&po#ered to i&pose #it!o t cri&ina" prosec tion. Rep $"ic Act ++: created t!e Civi" Aerona tics 0oard ;CA0< and t!e Civi" Aerona tics Ad&inistration. In t!e e7ercise and perfor&ance of t!eir po#ers and d ties, t!e' s!a"" consider a&ong ot!er t!ings, 8as $eing in t!e p $"ic interest, and in accordance #it! t!e p $"ic convenience and necessit'8 certain dec"ared po"icies #!ic! inc" de Q ;c< T!e reg "ation of air transportation in s c! &anner as to recognize and preserve t!e in!erent advantage of, ass re t!e !ig!est degree of safet' in, and foster so nd
Pa.( +5
s $division pro=ect, Mr. P son paid on"' t!e arrearages pertaining to t!e period p to, and inc" ding, t!e &ont! of A g st -.+4 and stopped a"" &ont!"' insta""&ent pa'&ents fa""ing d e t!ereafter. )n )cto$er -C -.+:, t!e president of Antipo"o Rea"t' sent a notice to private respondent P son advising t!at t!e re2 ired i&prove&ents in t!e s $division !ad a"read' $een co&p"eted, and re2 esting res &ption of pa'&ent of t!e &ont!"' insta""&ents on Lot No. -/. Mr. P son ref sed to pa' t!e Septe&$er -.+4>)cto$er -.+: &ont!"' insta""&ents $ t agreed to pa' t!e post )cto$er -.+: insta""&ents. Antipo"o Rea"t' responded $' rescinding t!e Contract to Se"", and c"ai&ing t!e forfeit re of a"" insta""&ent pa'&ents previo s"' &ade $' Mr. P son. Mr. P son $ro g!t !is disp te #it! Antipo"o Rea"t' $efore p $"ic respondent NAA. After !earing, t!e NAA rendered a decision on . Marc! -.+@ ordering t!e reinstate&ent of t!e Contract to Se"". Antipo"o Rea"t' fi"ed a Motion for Reconsideration asserting t!at t!e = risdiction to !ear and decide Mr. P sonDs co&p"aint #as "odged in t!e reg "ar co rts, not in t!e NAA. T!e &otion for reconsideration #as denied $' respondent NAA, #!ic! s stained its = risdiction to !ear and decide t!e P son co&p"aint. Aence, t!is petition. ISSUE% W (# (r or 0o# NHA a$ ;4r)$')c#)o0 o/(r # ( &r($(0# co0#ro/(r$7. HELD% NHA <a$ 4& (*' 87 # ( SC. It is $' no# co&&onp"ace "earning t!at &an' ad&inistrative agencies e7ercise and perfor& ad= dicator' po#ers and f nctions, t!o g! to a "i&ited e7tent on"'. Li&ited de"egation of = dicia" or 2 asi>
Pa.( ++
bro'er or salesman5 and C. Cases in)ol)ing specific performance of contractual and statutory obligations filed by buyers of subdi)ision lots or condominium units against the owner, de)eloper, dealer, bro'er or salesman. T!e need for and t!erefore t!e scope of t!e reg "ator' a t!orit' t! s "odged in t!e NAA are indicated in t!e second and t!ird prea&$ "ar paragrap!s of t!e stat te. T!ere is no 2 estion t!at nder %residentia" Decree No. ./+, t!e NAA #as "ega""' e&po#ered to deter&ine and protect t!e rig!ts of contracting parties nder t!e "a# ad&inistered $' it and nder t!e respective agree&ents, as #e"" as to ens re t!at t!eir o$"igations t!ere nder are fait!f ""' perfor&ed. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE PHILIPPINES! INC. 1RCPI2 vs. NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 1NTC2 a0' ?UAN A. ALEGRE G.R. No. "5253 No/(68(r 6! 1""2 Fac#$% %rivate respondent * an A. A"egreDs #ife, Dr. *i&ena A"egre, sent t#o ;4< R1SA te"egra&s t!ro g! petitioner RC%IDs faci"ities in Taft Ave., Mani"a at .(66 in t!e &orning of -+ Marc! -.@. to !is sister and $rot!er>in>"a# in Va"encia, 0o!o" and anot!er sister>in>"a# in Espirit , I"ocos Norte. 0ot! te"egra&s did not reac! t!eir destinations on t!e e7pected dates. So, private respondent fi"ed a "etter> co&p"aint against RC%I #it! Nationa" Te"eco&& nications Co&&ission ;NTC< for poor service, #it! a re2 est for t!e i&position of t!e appropriate p nitive sanction against t!e co&pan'. Ta3ing cognizance of t!e co&p"aint, NTC
Pa.( +-
to $o"ster NTCDs = risdiction. T!e E7ec tive )rder is not an e7p"icit grant of po#er to i&pose ad&inistrative fines on p $"ic service ti"ities, inc" ding te"egrap!ic agencies, #!ic! !ave fai"ed to render ade2 ate service to cons &ers. Neit!er !as it e7panded t!e coverage of t!e s pervisor' and reg "ator' po#er of t!e agenc'. T!ere appears to $e no a"ternative $ t to reiterate t!e sett"ed doctrine in ad&inistrative "a# t!at( Too $asic in ad&inistrative "a# to need citation of = rispr dence is t!e r "e t!at = risdiction and po#ers of ad&inistrative agencies, "i3e respondent Co&&ission, are "i&ited to t!ose e7press"' granted or necessari"' i&p"ied fro& t!ose granted in t!e "egis"ation creating s c! $od'? and an' order #it!o t or $e'ond s c! = risdiction is void and ineffective ;G"o$e Wire"ess case<. EP>A /$. CHR! (#. A* G.R. No. 1,1+36 A&r)* 1+! 1""2 Fac#$% E%MA ;petitioner< p rc!ase a parce" of "and fro& Bi"oi" Refiner' Corporation, and $efore petitioner co "d ta3e possession of t!e area, severa" individ a"s !ad entered t!e pre&ises and p"anted agric "t ra" prod cts t!erein #it!o t per&ission fro& E%MA or its predecessor, Bi"oi". E%MA paid a %-6,666>financia"> assistance to t!ose #!o accepted t!e sa&e and signed 2 itc"ai&s. A&ong t!e& #ere private respondents ;TERESITA VALLES, L)RET) ALEDIA<. Ten 'ears "ater, respondent Teresita, Loreto and %edro, fi"ed in t!e respondent Co&&ission on A &an Rig!ts ;CAR< a =oint co&p"aint pra'ing for 8= stice and ot!er re"iefs and re&edies8. A""eged in t!eir co&p"aint #as t!e infor&ation t!at E%MA $ ""dozed t!e area #it! acts in vio"ation of t!eir ! &an rig!ts. CAR iss ed an )rder of in= nction co&&anding E%MA to desist fro&
Pa.( +6
co&pe" t!e& to cease and desist fro& contin ing t!e acts co&p"ained of. H(*'% %etition for certiorari and pro!i$ition is GRANTED. T!e orders of in= nction iss ed $' t!e respondent Co&&ission on A &an Rig!t are ANN1LLED and SET ASIDE and t!e TR) #!ic! t!is Co rt iss ed is &ade %ERMANENT. In Aon. Isidro Co&&ission on A !e"d t!at t!e CAR nor even a 2 asi>= CariGo, et a". vs. &an Rig!ts, et a"., #e is not a co rt of = stice dicia" $od'.
HT!e &ost t!at &a' $e conceded to t!e Co&&ission in t!e #a' of ad= dicative po#er is t!at it &a' investigate, i.e., receive evidence and &a3e findings of fact as regards c"ai&ed ! &an rig!ts vio"ations invo"ving civi" and po"itica" rig!ts. 0 t fact>finding is not ad= dication, and cannot $e "i3ened to t!e = dicia" f nction of a co rt of = stice, or even a 2 asi>= dicia" agenc' or officia". T!e f nction of receiving evidence and ascertaining t!erefro& t!e facts of a controvers' is not a = dicia" f nction, proper"' spea3ing. To $e considered s c!, t!e fac "t' of receiving evidence and &a3ing fact a" conc" sions in a controvers' & st $e acco&panied $' t!e a t!orit' of app"'ing t!e "a# to t!ose fact a" conc" sions to t!e end t!at t!e controvers' &a' $e decided or deter&ined a t!oritative"', fina""' and definite"', s $=ect to s c! appea"s or &odes of revie# as &a' $e provided $' "a#. T!is f nction, to repeat, t!e Co&&ission does not !ave.I T!e constit tiona" provision directing t!e CAR to 8provide for preventive &eas res and "ega" aid services to t!e nderprivi"eged #!ose ! &an rig!ts !ave $een vio"ated or need protection8 &a' not $e constr ed to confer = risdiction on t!e Co&&ission to iss e a restraining order or #rit of in= nction for,
Pa.( +3
Co&e"ec a petition, #!ic! so g!t t!e ann "&ent of petitionerDs proc"a&ation. Ae a""eged t!at t!ere #as a ver$a" order fro& t!e Co&e"ec C!air&an to s spend t!e canvass and proc"a&ation of t!e #inning candidate, $ t t!e district $oard of canvassers proceeded #it! t!e canvass and proc"a&ation despite t!e said ver$a" order. Ae a"so a""eged t!at t!ere #as non>inc" sion of -. e"ection ret rns in t!e canvass, #!ic! #o "d res "t in an inco&p"ete canvass of t!e e"ection ret rns. T!e Co&e"ec en $anc iss ed an order setting aside t!e proc"a&ation of petitioner and r "ed t!e proc"a&ation as void. Aence, t!is petition for certiorari see3ing t!e ann "&ent and reversa" of t!e Co&e"ec order. ISSUES( -. #!et!er t!e C)MELEC !as t!e po#er to ta3e cognizance of S%C No. .@>-C5 and S%C No. .@> 46: S%C No. .@>-C5 an 81rgent Appea" fro& t!e Decision of t!e Legis"ative District 0oard of Canvassers for Ma"a$on and Navotas #it! %ra'er for t!e N ""ification of t!e %roc"a&ation of Bederico S. Sandova" as Congress&an.8 S%C No. .@>46:. T!e petition so g!t t!e ann "&ent of petitionerDs proc"a&ation as congress&an. 4. #!et!er t!e C)MELECDs order to set aside petitionerDs proc"a&ation #as va"id. RULING% )n t!e first iss e, #e p!o"d t!e = risdiction of t!e C)MELEC over t!e petitions fi"ed $' private respondent. T!e C)MELEC !as e7c" sive = risdiction over a"" pre>proc"a&ation controversies. As an e7ception, !o#ever, to t!e genera" r "e, Section -/ of Rep $"ic Act ;RA< +-:: pro!i$its candidates in t!e presidentia", vice>presidentia", senatoria" and congressiona" e"ections fro& fi"ing pre> proc"a&ation cases. It states( 8Sec. -/. %re>proc"a&ation cases Not A""o#ed in
Pa.( +@
process de&ands prior notice and !earing. T!e facts s!o# t!at C)MELEC set aside t!e proc"a&ation of petitioner #it!o t t!e $enefit of prior notice and !earing and it rendered t!e 2 estioned order $ased so"e"' on private respondentDs a""egations. % $"ic respondent s $&its t!at proced ra" d e process need not $e o$served in t!is case $eca se it #as &ere"' e7ercising its ad&inistrative po#er to revie#, revise and reverse t!e actions of t!e $oard of canvassers. We cannot accept p $"ic respondentDs arg &ent. Ta3ing cognizance of private respondentDs petitions for ann "&ent of petitionerDs proc"a&ation, C)MELEC #as not &ere"' perfor&ing an ad&inistrative f nction. T!e ad&inistrative po#ers of t!e C)MELEC inc" de t!e po#er to deter&ine t!e n &$er and "ocation of po""ing p"aces, appoint e"ection officia"s and inspectors, cond ct registration of voters, dep tize "a# enforce&ent agencies and govern&ent instr &enta"ities to ens re free, order"', !onest, peacef " and credi$"e e"ections, register po"itica" parties, organizations or coa"itions, accredit citizensD ar&s of t!e Co&&ission, prosec te e"ection offenses, and reco&&end to t!e %resident t!e re&ova" of or i&position of an' ot!er discip"inar' action pon an' officer or e&p"o'ee it !as dep tized for vio"ation or disregard of its directive, order or decision. In addition, t!e Co&&ission a"so !as direct contro" and s pervision over a"" personne" invo"ved in t!e cond ct of e"ection. Ao#ever, t!e reso" tion of t!e adverse c"ai&s of private respondent and petitioner as regards t!e e7istence of a &anifest error in t!e 2 estioned certificate of canvass re2 ires t!e C)MELEC to act as an ar$iter. It $e!ooves t!e Co&&ission to !ear $ot! parties to deter&ine t!e veracit' of t!eir a""egations and to decide
Pa.( +"
%resident Corazon C. A2 ino iss ed E7ec tive )rder No. @/ a$o"is!ing t!e )ffice of Media Affairs and t!e Ministr' of A &an Sett"e&ents. A"" agencies nder t!e "atterDs s pervision as #e"" as a"" its assets, progra&s and pro=ects, #ere transferred to t!e %residentia" Manage&ent Staff ;%MS<. )n )cto$er -@, -.@@, t!e %MS received an app"ication fro& petitioner 1NITED RESIDENTS )B D)MINICAN AILL, INC to ac2 ire a portion of t!e Do&inican Ai""s propert'. A)ME INS1RANCE G1ARANTP C)R%)RATI)N ;AIGC< consented to act as originator for 1NITED. A Me&orand & of Agree&ent #as signed $' and a&ong t!e %MS, t!e AIGC, and 1NITED. T!e Me&orand & of Agree&ent ca""ed for t!e %MS to se"" t!e Do&inican Ai""s propert' to AIGC #!ic! #o "d, in t rn, se"" t!e sa&e to 1NITED. T!e parties agreed on a se""ing price of %+/.66 per s2 are &eter. %rivate respondents entered t!e Do&inican Ai""s propert' a""ocated to 1NITED and constr cted !o ses t!ereon. %etitioner #as a$"e to sec re a de&o"ition order fro& t!e cit' &a'or. 1na$"e to stop t!e razing of t!eir !o ses, private respondents, nder t!e na&e D)MINICAN AILL 0AG1I) RESIDENTS A)MELESS ASS)CIATI)N fi"ed an action for in= nction, in t!e Regiona" Tria" Co rt of 0ag io Cit', 0ranc! C. %rivate respondents #ere a$"e to o$tain a te&porar' restraining order $ t t!eir pra'er for a #rit of pre"i&inar' in= nction #as "ater denied in an )rder dated Marc! -@, -..:. W!i"e Civi" Case No. 55-:>R #as pending, t!e ASS)CIATI)N, t!is ti&e represented $' t!e Land Refor& 0eneficiaries Association, Inc fi"ed a co&p"aint pra'ing for da&ages,
Pa.( -,
5;4< of E7ec tive )rder /:- patent"' indicates t!at t!e C)SLA%Ds dispositions are $inding on administrati)e or e*ecuti)e agencies. %rivate respondents, in fi"ing & "tip"e petitions, !ave &oc3ed o r atte&pts to eradicate for & s!opping and !ave t!ere$' pset t!e order"' ad&inistration of = stice. T!e' so g!t reco rse fro& t!ree ;5< different tri$ na"s in order to o$tain t!e #rit of in= nction t!e' so desperate"' desired.
Pa.( -1
EH +,-
fi"ed $efore t!e tria" co rts and t!e C)SLA% s fficient"' esta$"is!es pri)ate respondents6 propensity for forum shopping. We "a' t!e pre&ise t!at t!e certification against for & s!opping & st $e e7ec ted $' t!e p"aintiff or principa" part', and not $' !is co nse". Aence, one can ded ce t!at t!e certification is a pec "iar personal representation on t!e part of t!e principa" part', an ass rance given to t!e co rt or ot!er tri$ na" t!at t!ere are no ot!er pending cases invo"ving $asica""' t!e sa&e parties, iss es and ca ses of action. In t!e case at $ar, private respondentsD "itan' of o&issions range fro& fai"ing to s $&it t!e re2 ired certification against for & s!opping to fi"ing a fa"se certification, and t!en to for & s!opping itse"f. Birst, t!e petition fi"ed $efore t!e C)SLA% conspic o s"' "ac3ed a certification against for & s!opping. Second, it does not appear fro& t!e record t!at t!e ASS)CIATI)N infor&ed 0ranc! C of t!e Regiona" Tria" Co rt of 0ag io Cit' $efore #!ic! Civi" Case No. 55-:>R #as pending, t!at anot!er action, Civi" Case No. 55@4>R, #as fi"ed $efore 0ranc! :- of t!e sa&e co rt. Anot!er gro p of !o&e"ess residents of Do&inican Ai"", t!e LAND REB)RM 0ENEBICIARIES ASS)CIATI)N, INC. initiated t!e "atter case.
EH +,-
Pa.( -2