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CentreNumber

StudentNumber

2013
H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E
E X A M I N AT I O N

ModernHistory

Total marks 100

Section I

Pages26

25marks
Thissectionhastwoparts,Part AandPart B
Allowabout45minutesforthissection

GeneralInstructions
Readingtime5minutes
Workingtime3 hours
Writeusingblackorblue pen.
Blackpenispreferred
Asourcebookletisprovidedat
thebackofthispaper
Write your Centre Number and
Student Number at the top of
this page and page 5

PartA15marks
AttemptQuestions17
PartB10marks
AttemptQuestion8
Section II

Pages79

25marks
AttemptONEquestionfromQuestions917
Allowabout45minutesforthissection
Section III

Page10

25marks
AttemptBOTHpartsofQuestion18
Allowabout45minutesforthissection
Section IV

Pages1113

25marks
AttemptONEquestionfromQuestions1925
Allowabout45minutesforthissection

SectionIWorldWar I 19141919
25marks
Allowabout45minutesforthissection
PartA15marks
AttemptQuestions17
Allowabout25minutesforthispart
Formultiplechoicequestions,fillintheresponseovalnexttothealternativethatbestanswers
thequestion.
For other questions, answer in the spaces provided. These spaces provide guidance for the
expectedlengthofresponse.

RefertoSource A toanswerQuestions 12.

1

WhichgroupoftownswascapturedbytheGermansbetweenMarchandJuly
1918?

(A) Arras,VimyandAmiens

(B)

Ypres,AlbertandBapaume

(C)

Compigne,MeauxandRheims

(D) Armentires,PronneandSoissons

Readstatements1and2,thenselectthecorrectanswer.
Statement1. Ludendorffs Spring Offensive gained more ground for the
GermansthanthecounteroffensivegainedfortheAllies.
Statement2. Verdundidnotfall tothe Germans in1918.

(A) OnlyStatement1iscorrect.

(B)

OnlyStatement2iscorrect.

(C)

Bothstatementsarecorrect.

(D) Neitherstatementiscorrect.

1262310184

According to Source B, what were TWO reasons for the creation of the
WomensLandArmy?

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InSource C,vonHindenburgsmainmessagetothesoldiersisthatGermany

(A) isoutnumbered.

(B)

mustbestrongandunited.

(C)

hasmadepeaceintheEast.

(D) isfightingagainstthecolouredraces.

According to Source D, what was the effect of the use of Uboats up to

July 1917?

(A) Therewasanincreaseinthetonnagesunk.

(B)

TherewasanincreaseinthemoraleandproductivityoftheBritish.

(C)

TherewasanincreaseinthemoraleandproductivityoftheGermans.

(D) TherewasanincreaseintheinfluenceoftheGermanGeneralStaffonthe
Chancellor.

WhatdoesSource E revealabouttheeffectofwarontheGermanhomefront?

(A) Hungercauseddesperation.

(B)

Germanyhadabadharvest.

(C)

ForeignerscouldonlyvisitBerlin.

(D) Menwerefreezinginthetrenches.

UseSources C and D andyourownknowledgetoanswerthefollowingquestion.

OutlinereasonsfortheAlliedvictoryandGermancollapsein1918.

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1241

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2013 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION

ModernHistory
CentreNumber

SectionI(continued)
PartB10marks
AttemptQuestion8
Allowabout20minutesforthispart

StudentNumber

Answer the question in the space provided. This space provides guidance for the expected
lengthofresponse.

Question8(10marks)
How useful would Sources E and F be for a historian studying the impact of total war on
civiliansinBritainandGermany?
In your answer, consider the perspectives provided by the TWO sources and the reliability of
eachone.
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Question8continuesonpage6
5

3146310042

Question8(continued)
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EndofQuestion8
6
BoardofStudiesNSW2013

2013 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION

ModernHistory
SectionIINationalStudies
25marks
AttemptONEquestionfromQuestions917
Allowabout45 minutesforthissection
AnswerthequestioninaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.Extrawritingbookletsareavailable.
Inyouransweryouwillbeassessedonhowwellyou:
demonstratehistoricalknowledgeandunderstandingrelevanttothequestion
communicateideasandinformationusinghistoricaltermsandconceptsappropriately
presentasustained,logicalandcohesiveresponse

Question9OptionA:Australia19451983 (25 marks)

(a)

To what extent was the Labor Government under the leadership of Whitlam
responsibleforitsowndismissalin1975?

25

OR
(b)

TowhatextentwasconformitythedominantfeatureoftheMenziesera?

25

Question10OptionB:China19271949 (25 marks)

(a)

AssesstheimpactoftheNorthernExpeditiononthepoliticalstabilityofChina
duringtheNationalistdecade1927to1937.

25

OR
(b)

1242

AssesstheimpactofMaoismonChinaupto1949.

25

Inyouransweryouwillbeassessedonhowwellyou:
demonstratehistoricalknowledgeandunderstandingrelevanttothequestion
communicateideasandinformationusinghistoricaltermsandconceptsappropriately
presentasustained,logicalandcohesiveresponse

Question11OptionC:Germany19181939 (25 marks)

(a)

To what extent was the Great Depression responsible for the collapse of the
WeimarRepublic?

25

OR
(b)

AssesstheimpactoftheNazistateonsocialandculturallifeinGermanyinthe
period1933to1939.

25

Question12OptionD:India19191947 (25 marks)

(a)

AccountfortheriseofcommunalisminIndia.

25

OR
(b)

HowsignificantforIndiawerechangesintherelationshipbetweenBritainand
Indiainthe1930s?

25

Question13OptionE:Indonesia19591998 (25 marks)

(a)

AssesstheimpactofthePancasila onIndonesia.

25

OR
(b)

Towhatextentdidsocial,politicalandeconomicchallengesbringabouttheend
oftheSuhartoregime?

25

Question14OptionF:Japan19041937 (25 marks)

(a)

WhatwasthesignificanceoftheRussoJapanesewaronJapanasanemerging
power?

25

OR
(b)

AssesstheimpactofmilitarismonJapaneseforeignpolicyto1937.

25

Question15OptionG:RussiaandtheSovietUnion19171941 (25 marks)

(a)

To what extent was the Treaty of BrestLitovsk significant for the Bolshevik
consolidationofpower?

25

OR
(b) AccountforthechangesinSovietsocietyunderStalinto1941.

25

Question16OptionH:SouthAfrica19601994 (25 marks)

(a)

AssesstheeffectofresistancewithinSouthAfricaonthepolicyofapartheid.

25

OR
(b)

Thecollapseoftheapartheidregimewasbroughtaboutbyinternationalfactors.

25

Towhatextentisthisstatementaccurate?

Question17 OptionI:USA 19191941 (25 marks)

(a)

TowhatextentwasracialconflictthedominantsocialtensionintheUSAinthe
period1919 to 1941?

25

OR
(b)

GovernmentinterventioncametotherescueofAmericancapitalism.
To what extent is this statement accurate for the USA in the period 1919 to
1941?

25

SectionIIIPersonalitiesintheTwentiethCentury
25marks
AttemptBOTHpartsofQuestion 18
Allowabout45 minutesforthissection
AnswerthequestionintheSection IIIWritingBooklet.Extrawritingbookletsareavailable.
Inyouransweryouwillbeassessedonhowwellyou:
demonstrate historical knowledge and understanding relevant to the question
communicateideasandinformationusinghistoricaltermsandconceptsappropriately
present a sustained, logical and cohesive response

AnswerBOTHpartsofthisquestioninrelationtoONEofthetwentiethcenturypersonalities
listedbelow.
Write the name of the personality you have studied on the front of your Section III
WritingBooklet.

Question18 (25 marks)

(a)

Describetherisetoprominenceofthepersonalityyouhavestudied.

10

(b)

Evaluatethesignificanceofthepersonalityyouhavestudiedtohis/herperiodof
nationaland/orinternationalhistory.

15

Thepersonalitiesprescribedforstudyarelistedbelow.
1 YasserArafat

10 MohammedAliJinnah

19 LeniRiefenstahl

2 JosephBenedictChifley

11 AlexandraKollontai

20 EleanorRoosevelt

3 HerbertEvatt

12 DouglasMacArthur

21 AlbertSpeer

4 MikhailGorbachev

13 Nelson Mandela

22 AchmadSukarno

5 Emperor Hirohito

14 Golda Meir

23 Sun Yixian (Sun Yatsen)

6 Ho Chi Minh

15 Robert Gordon Menzies

24 Leon Trotsky

7 Kita Ikki

16 Bernard Law Montgomery 25 Woodrow Wilson

8 William Randolph Hearst 17 Jawaharlal Nehru

26 Isoruku Yamamoto

9 J Edgar Hoover

27 Zhu De (Chu Teh)

18 Ian Paisley

10

SectionIVInternationalStudiesinPeaceandConflict
25marks
AttemptONEquestionfromQuestions1925
Allowabout45 minutesforthissection
AnswerthequestioninaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.Extrawritingbookletsareavailable.
Inyouransweryouwillbeassessedonhowwellyou:
demonstrate historical knowledge and understanding relevant to the question
communicateideasandinformationusinghistoricaltermsandconceptsappropriately
present a sustained, logical and cohesive response

Question19OptionA:AngloIrishRelations19681998 (25 marks)

(a)

AccountforthegrowthofconflictinNorthernIrelandintheperiod1968to1972.

25

OR
(b)

How successful were formal attempts at peacemaking in the period

1985to1997?

25

Question20OptionB:ConflictinEurope19351945 (25 marks)

(a)

Without theNaziSoviet NonAggression Pacttherewouldhavebeennowarin

Europe.

25

Towhatextentisthisstatementaccurate?
OR
(b)

To what extent did the aims and strategies of the Axis powers shape the course
oftheEuropeanWar?

11

25

Inyouransweryouwillbeassessedonhowwellyou:
demonstrate historical knowledge and understanding relevant to the question
communicateideasandinformationusinghistoricaltermsandconceptsappropriately
present a sustained, logical and cohesive response

Question21OptionC:ConflictinIndochina19541979 (25 marks)

(a)

Assess the significance of the Tet Offensive in bringing about victory for the
NorthVietnameseintheSecondIndochinaWar.

25

OR
(b)

AccountfortherisetopoweroftheKhmerRougeinCambodia.

25

Question22OptionD:ConflictinthePacific19371951 (25 marks)

(a)

Japan had little choice but to bomb Pearl Harbour if it wanted to achieve its
foreignpolicyaimsinthePacific.

25

Towhatextent is this statement accurate?

OR
(b)

AssesstheimpactonciviliansoftheJapaneseoccupationinSouthEastAsiain
the period 1941 to 1945.

25

Question 23 Option E:ArabIsraeli Conflict 19481996 (25 marks)

(a)

Assess the consequences of the warin1948 forbothIsrael andthePalestinians

in the period up to 1967.

25

OR
(b)

Account for the creation and effectiveness of the Palestine Liberation

Organisation (PLO) in the period 1964 to 1974.

12

25

Question24OptionF:TheColdWar19451991 (25 marks)

(a)

Assess the influence of the ideologies of communism and capitalism on the

originsanddevelopmentoftheColdWarto1968.

25

OR
(b)

TowhatextentwereUSattitudesandpoliciesunderReaganresponsibleforthe
renewalandendoftheColdWar?

25

Question25 OptionG:The United Nations asPeacekeeper19462001

(25 marks)
(a)

Towhatextent did the Cold War have an effect on UN activities?

25

OR
(b)

TheUnitedNationsfulfilleditsroleeffectivelyintheperiodfromtheendofthe
ColdWarto2001.
Towhatextentisthisstatementaccurate?

End of paper

13

25

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BoardofStudiesNSW2013

2013
H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E
E X A M I N AT I O N

ModernHistory

SourceBooklet

Instructions
Detachthissourcebooklet

1243

Source A

Page2

Source B

Page3

Source C

Page3

Source D

Page4

Source E

Page4

Source F

Page5

SourceA
MapshowingtheLudendorffSpringOffensiveandAlliedcounteroffensives,1918
Awaiting copyright

SourceB
Extractfrom:DefenceoftheRealm
Awaiting copyright

SourceC
PaulvonHindenburgsofficialaddressof6September1918
Awaiting copyright

SourceD
Extractfromwebsite
Awaiting copyright

SourceE
Extractfrom:ToendallWars:howtheFirstWorldWardividedBritain;AdamHochschild2011.
Awaiting copyright

SourceF
CartoonbyG M Payne
PublishedinSundayPictorial,23December1917
Awaiting copyright

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BoardofStudiesNSW2013