Mgt 14 Productions Management Schedule: TF/ 6:00-7:30 Reporter: Rosamie C.

Sampiano Part 1 Chapter 6: PROCESS SELECTION AND FACILITY LAYOUT PROCESS SELECTION Process selection - deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized Major implications Capacity planning Layout of facilities Equipment Design of work systems

Key aspects of process strategy

1. Capital intensity mix of equipment and labor 2. Process flexibility - Adjust to changes in design, volume and technology
Technology - the application of scientific discoveries to the development and improvement of products and services and operations processes Technological Innovation the discovery and development of new or improved products, services, or processes for producing or providing them. High Technology most advanced and developed equipment and methods

3 Kinds of Technology 1. Product and service technology discovery and development of new products and services 2. Process technology includes methods, procedures, and equipment used to produce goods and services 3. Information technology science and use of computers and other electronic equipment to store, process, and send information.
Process Types

1. Job shop - Small scale, customized, and used for low volume of high variety of goods and services. High flexibility using general-purpose equipment and skilled workers. Ex.: Appliance Repair
2. Batch - Moderate volume and variety in products and services. Ex.: Bakery 3. Repetitive higher volume of more standardized goods and services and only slight flexibility of equipment is needed. Ex.: Automobiles, Pencils

4. Continuous - Very high volumes of non-discrete, highly standardized goods or services, and no need for equipment flexibility. Ex.: Petroleum products, salt, steel 5. Project nonrepetitve set of activities directed toward a unique goal within a limited time frame. Ex.: Publishing a book, building a bridge Product or Service Profiling linking key product or service requirement to process capabilities Sustainable Production the creation of goods and services using processes and systems that are nonpolluting; conserving energy and natural resources; economically efficient, safe and healthful for workers, communities and consumers; and, socially and creatively rewarding for all working people.

Automation - Machinery that has sensing and control devices that enables it to operate Three Kinds of Automation

1. Fixed automation high-cost, specialized equipment for a fix sequence of operations. Low cost and high volume of products and its primary concern. 2. Programmable automation high-cost, general purpose equipment controlled by a computer program that provides both the sequence of operations and specific details about each operation. a. Computer-aided design and manufacturing systems (CAD/CAM) b. Numerically controlled (NC) machines c. Robot 3. Flexible Automation more customized than that of programmable automation.
FACILITIES LAYOUT Layout - the configuration of departments, work centers, and equipment, with particular emphasis on movement of work (customers or materials) through the system Importance of Layout Decisions

1. Requires substantial investments of money and effort 2. Involves long-term commitments

3. Has significant impact on cost and efficiency of operations The Need for Layout Decisions

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Inefficient operations Changes in the design of products or services The introduction of new products or services Safety hazards Changes in environmental or other legal requirements Changes in volume of output or mix of products Changes in methods and equipment Morale problems

3 Basic Layout Types

1. Product layout (Sequential) Layout that uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid, high-volume flow. Used for Repetitive and Continuous Processes a. Productiona Line standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence of production tasks b. Assembly line - standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence assembly tasks 2. Process Layout (Functional) layout that can handle varied processing requirements. Used for Job Shop and Batch Processes 3. Fixed Position Layout layout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed.
Combination Layout the three basic layout may be altered to satisfy the needs of a particular s.tuation. Cellular Layouts

1. Cellular Production Layout in which workstations are grouped into a cell that can process items that have similar processing requirements. 2. Group technology the grouping into part families of items with simlar design or manufacturing characterictics
Flexible Manufacturing Systems

1. Flexible Manufacturing System(FMS) a group of machines designed to handle intermittent processing requirements and produce a variety of similar products. 2. Computer-integrated Manufacturing (CIM) A system for linking a broad range of manufacturing activities through an integrating computer system.
Service Layouts

1. 2. 3. 4.

Warehouse and Storage Layout Retail Layouts Office Layouts Automation in Services