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EH/OCT 2007/CPE435

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME

: : : :

PROCESS CHEMISTRY CPE435 OCTOBER 2007 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. 3. 4. This question paper consists of SIX (6) questions. Answer FOUR (4) questions only in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please ensure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) iii) the Question Paper a one - page Appendix an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 7 printed pages
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QUESTION 1 a) State Le Chatelier's Principle. (1 mark) b) Consider the following reaction:

C

2(S)

+H 2(g)

2 ( g )

+ C0

(9)

AH

=+4018

kJ m01 1

"

Explain with a reason what the effect of the following are on the position of equilibrium: i) An increase in temperature (2 marks) ii) A decrease in pressure (2 marks) iii) Increasing the amount of carbon monoxide present (2 marks) iv) The addition of a catalyst (2 marks) c) Consider the following reaction: 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)

The equilibrium pressure constant, Kp, for the above reaction is 3.89 * 10"6 at 25C. i) Write and calculate K c . (2 marks) ii) If the equilibrium water vapour concentration is 1.93 * 10'3 M. Calculate the equilibrium hydrogen gas concentration and its partial pressure. (3 marks) iii) Calculate the total pressure exerted by the system. (2 marks) d) Write the concentration equilibrium constant expression for the reaction presented in 1(b). (1 mark) Evaluate the effects of the following on the position of equilibrium with respect to the reaction quotient, Q: i) If there is no initial carbon monoxide (1 mark)

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ii) The initial carbon dioxide concentration is greater than the equilibrium concentration (1 mark) e) A 1.5 L flask held at 597C is filled with 1.3 moles and 3.4 moles of hydrogen and iodine gas, respectively, which react to form hydrogen iodide. Kc for the system at equilibrium is 7.20. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of hydrogen, iodine and hydrogen iodide. 2HI(g) (6 marks)

QUESTION 2
a) Balance the following redox reactions indicating what has been oxidised and reduced by writing the corresponding oxidation states of the reduced and oxidised species: Acidic conditions i) MnO 2(s) - > MnO (3 marks) ii)
Fe

;a+q)

Bi(3a+q) -> NaBiO 3(aq) + Fe(2a+q) (3 marks)

iii) MnO; (aq) + CO 2(g) -> Mn(2a+q) + C 2 Oj a q ) (3 marks) Basic conditions

iv) i o ^ + v o ( 2 a + q ) -> vo; ( a q ) + i2(s)

(4 marks)

v) Afc> + MnO 2(aq)

'

(4 marks) b) What type of redox reaction is taking place in 2(a)(i)? (1 mark) c) Which of the following solutions produces the most ions? 0.29 MHCI 10MCH 3 CO 2 H 0.21 M Ba(OH)2 (2 marks) d) Calculate the pH for the three solutions in (c), where Ka for ethanoic acid is 1.75 * 10~5. (5 marks)

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QUESTION 3 a) Write the conjugate bases for each of the following acids: HCIO4; H2S, PH 4 \ and HCO3"? b) Write the conjugate acids for each of the following bases: CN", SO42", H2O and HCO3"? (4 marks) c) Calculate the concentration of OH' (aq) in a solution at 25C in which (4 marks)

ii) [H+] = iii) [H+] = 100x[OH"] Indicate whether the solution is acidic, basic or neutral. (6 marks) d) Calculate the concentration of OH" in a 0.15 M solution of NH3, which has a Kb value of 1.8 X10"5. (5 marks) Calculate the base-dissociation constant, Kb, for the conjugate base of the weak acid HF, which has a Ka value of 6.8 x 10"4. (2 marks) Calculate the acid-dissociation constant, Ka, for the conjugate acid of NH3, which has a Kb value of 1.8x10"5. (2 marks) Explain whether pure water is a good conductor of electricity? (2 marks)

e)

f)

g)

QUESTION 4 a) A voltaic cell is based on the following two standard half-reactions: Cd2+(aq) + 2e -> Cd(s) Sn2+(ag) + 2e" -> Sn(s) Ered(Cd27Cd) = -0.403 V Ered(Sn2+/Sn) = -0.136 V

Using the given standard reduction potentials for the two half-reactions, determine the half-reactions that occur at the cathode and the anode, and the standard cell potential. (4 marks)
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b)

Verify whether the following reactions are spontaneous under standard conditions using the standard reduction potentials given. i) Cu(s) + 2H+(aq) -> Cu2+(ag) + H2(g) ECu2+ = +0.34 V

ii) CI2(g) + 2r(aq) -> 2Cr(aq) + I2(s) Ered(CI2/Cr) = +1.36V Ered(l2/r) = +0.54V (5 marks) c) If the voltage of a Zn-H+ cell is 0.45 V at 25C when EZn2+ = -0.76 V, [Zn2+] = 1.0 M and PH2 =1.0 atm, what is the concentration of H+? (5 marks) Write the half-reactions that occur at a hydrogen electrode when it serves as the cathode and when it serves as the anode of a voltaic cell. (2 marks) What is standard about the standard hydrogen electrode? (2 marks) f) What is the role of the Pt foil in a standard hydrogen electrode? (3 marks) g) Sketch a standard hydrogen electrode. (4 marks)

d)

e)

QUESTION 5 a) Consider the following reaction: CH3OHfoj -> CO(g) + 2H2(g) AH =+90.7 kJ

i) Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic? (2 marks) ii) Calculate the amount of heat transferred when 1.60kg of CH3OH(g) is decomposed according to this reaction at constant pressure. (3 marks) b) Naphthalene (Ci0H8) is a solid aromatic compound often sold as mothballs. The complete combustion of this substance yields CO2(g) and H2O(7) at 25C and releases 5154 kJ/mol. i) Write balanced equations for the formation of naphthalene from its elements and for its combustion. (6 marks)
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EH/OCT 2007/CPE435

ii) Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of naphthalene. (4 marks) c) The standard enthalpies of formation of gaseous propyne (C3H4), propylene (C3H6), and propane (C3H8) are +185.4, +20.4 and -103.8 kJ/mol respectively. i) Calculate the heat evolved per mole on combustion of each substance to yield CO2(g) and H2O(g). (3 marks) ii) Calculate the heat evolved on combustion of 1 kg of each substance. (3 marks) iii) Which is the most efficient fuel in terms of heat evolved per unit mass? (4 marks)

QUESTION 6 a) The reaction between ethyl bromide (C2H5Br) and hydroxide ions in ethyl alcohol at 330K proceeds as follows: C2H5Brfa/c; + OH(alc) - C2H5OH(7) + Bf(alc) The reaction is first order with respect to ethyl bromide and hydroxide ions. The rate of disappearance of ethyl bromide is 1.7 x10*7 M/s when [C2H5Br] is 0.0477 M and [OH] is 0.100 M, i) Write the rate law and calculate the rate constant with the correct units. (3 marks) ii) How would the rate of disappearance of ethyl bromide change if the solution were diluted by adding an equal volume of pure ethyl alcohol to the solution? (3 marks) b) i) The gas-phase decomposition of SO2CI2 proceeds according to: SO2CI2(g) - SO2(g) + CI2(g) and is first order with respect to SO2CI2. At 600K the half life for this reaction is 2.3 x 105 s. What is the rate constant at this temperature? (3 marks) ii) At 320C the rate constant is 2.2 x 10"5 s"1. What is the half-life at this temperature? (3 marks)

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c)

Name the following compounds: i)

CH, (2 marks) ii)

~Cri2 H

CH3 I
CH2CHCH2 H CH3

(2 marks) d) Draw the condensed structures of the esters formed in the following reactions and name the final compound in each case. i) Butanoic acid and methanol (3 marks) ii) Benzoic acid and 2-propanol (3 marks) iii) Propanoic acid and dimethylamine. (3 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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APPENDIX 1

EH/OCT 2007/CPE435

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