Dangerous Dog: Related Statutes AK - Bite - Killing dogs annoying or evincing tendency to bite animals or fowls. AK ST 03.55.

.030 This Alaska statute provides that any dog that habitually annoys any wild deer, reindeer, sheep, cattle, horse, or other animal or bird either domestic or wild, or evinces a disposition which makes it likely that it will without provocation bite an animal or fowl, may be lawfully killed by any person when it is found at large. The owner or keeper of the dog, if known or reasonably identifiable, shall be notified and given reasonable opportunity to restrain the dog before it is lawful to kill it. AK - Dogs - Title 3. Agriculture and Animals. Chapter 55. Dogs. AK ST 03.55.010 - 070 These Alaska statutes give permission to kill dangerous dogs that are running at large or those that are chasing livestock. It also defines a dangerous dog - "Any dog which when unprovoked has ever bitten or attacked a human being is considered vicious . . ." Notably, "[a]ny person may lawfully kill any vicious or mad dog running at large." This section also allows a village council of an unincorporated village to destroy loose dogs in the village or otherwise control dogs to the extent authorized first class cities. AK - Ordinances - 03.55.070. Power of village council to control dogs AK ST 03.55.070 This Alaska statute enables a village council the power to destroy loose dogs in the village and otherwise control dogs to the extent authorized first class cities. The council may impose and enforce the provisions of a dog control ordinance in the total area within 20 miles of the village. AL - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws AL ST 3-1-1 to 29; AL ST 3-6-1 to 4; AL ST 3-7A-1 to 16; AL ST 3-8-1; AL ST 9-11-305 to 307 These statutes comprise Alabama's relevant dog laws. Included among the provisions are licensing requirements, dangerous dog provisions, and the chapter on rabies. AL - Dog Bite/Dangerous Animal - Liability of Owners of Dogs Biting or Injuring Persons. AL ST 3-1-1 - 6; AL ST 3-6-1 to 4; AL ST 3-7A-9 These Alabama statutes outline the state's dog bite law. The law first provides that, when any person owns or keeps a vicious or dangerous animal of any kind and, as a result of his or her careless management or allowing the dog to go at liberty, and another person, without fault is injured, such owner shall be liable in damages for such injury. If any dog shall, without provocation, bite or injure any person who is at the time at a place where he or she has a legal right to be, the owner of such dog shall be liable in damages to the person so bitten or injured. This apparent strict liability has a mitigation provision that states that the owner of such dog shall be entitled to plead and

prove in mitigation of damages that he had no knowledge of any circumstances indicating such dog to be or to have been vicious or dangerous. If an owner, however, is aware that his or her dog is rabid at the time of the bite, he or she shall be liable for twice the damages sustained. AR - Breed - Wolf-Hybrid - Wolf-Hybrid Vaccination AR ST 20-19-406 This Arkansas statute outlines the procedure for vaccination of wolf-hybrid dogs, including procedures for handling bites by these canines. AR - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws AR ST 20-19-101 to 408; 2-40-110; 2-39-110; 15-41-113; 15-42-303; 5-54126 These Arkansas statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions including licensing laws, rabies control, and mandatory sterilization laws. Also contained is the state's Wolf-Hybrid statutory section. AR - Exotic Pets - Subchapter 4. Ownership and Breeding of Wolves and Wolf-Dog Hybrids AR ST 20-19-401 to 408 This chapter of Arkansas laws concerns the regulation of wolves and wolf-dog hybrids kept as companion animals. Under the law, a "wolf-dog hybrid means any animal which is publicly acknowledged by its owner as being the offspring of a wolf and domestic dog; however, no animal may be judged to be a wolf or wolf-dog hybrid based strictly on its appearance. The specific rabies vaccination requirements for wolf-dog hybrids are detailed as well as confinement requirements (i.e, specific fence dimensions). If a wolf or wolf-dog hybrid bites a person or injures or destroys another animal while out of its confined area, the person responsible for the adequate confinement of the animal upon conviction shall be guilty of a Class A misdemeanor. (See also Link to Ownership and Possession of Large Carnivores Law) AR - Ordinances - Regulation by suburban improvement district (dogs/cats). AR ST 14-16-701 This Arkansas statute provides that, upon the written request of the governing body of a suburban improvement district (as defined by statute), a county may by ordinance control and regulate dogs and cats within all or any part of the suburban improvement district. This statute does not elaborate on the confines of such ordinances, so it is assumed the subject matter is constrained only through preemption. AR - Ordinances - 14-54-1102. Dogs running astray. AR ST 14-54-1102 This Arkansas statute provides that municipal corporations have the power to prevent the running at large of dogs and the injuries and annoyances associated with them. Further, this statute allows municipalities to authorize the destruction or impoundment of dogs if found in violation of ordinance. However, prior to destroying the dog, the municipality shall give the dog's owner at least five (5) days' notice of the date of the proposed destruction of the dog by certified mail if the dog carries the owner's address.

AZ - Dog - Arizona Consolidated Dog Laws AZ ST 11-1001 - 1029; AZ ST 28-2422; AZ ST 17-309 These Arizona statutes comprise the laws relating to dogs and animal bites. Included are provisions related to registration, collaring, and vaccination of dogs. With regard to dangerous dogs, Arizona law provides that a person with knowledge of a dog's vicious propensity must also keep the dog in an enclosed yard or confined area with a sign indicating the dog's vicious tendencies. AZ - Dog Ordinances - Powers and duties of board of supervisors (dogs/animals) AZ ST 11-1005 This Arizona statute provides that each county board of supervisors may regulate dogs, including the designation of a county enforcement agent, contracting with any city or town to enforce the provisions of any ordinance enacted by such city or town for the control of dogs, and for the unincorporated areas of the county, by ordinance, regulate, restrain and prohibit the running at large of dogs and the excessive and unrestrained barking of dogs. They may also establish either civil or criminal penalties for violations of the above ordinances and establish a rabies quarantine zone. AZ - License and Vaccination Ordinances - Exemption of cities, towns and counties (dogs/animals) AZ ST 11-1018 This Arizona statute exempts cities or towns from the provisions of this article if they impose a license fee and vaccination on dogs by ordinance, provided that such ordinance is equal to or more stringent than the provisions of this article. Further, the provisions of this article shall not apply to counties which regulate the running at large of dogs in the unincorporated areas of the county by ordinance provided that such ordinance is equal to or more stringent than the provisions of this article. AZ - Ordinances - Article 2. Board of Trustees Government After Disincorporation. AZ ST 9-219 This Arizona statute provides that the board of trustees of a city may pass ordinances not inconsistent or in conflict with the laws of this state. More specifically, this statute provides that the board may restrain, under penalties, the running at large of cattle or other animals, and provide rules for impounding them, and provide for taxing dogs and penalties for the nonpayment of such taxes, or the killing of dogs running at large in the corporate limits. However, before exercising these powers, the board shall cause a resolution of intention to be recorded in minutes and then published in some daily or weekly newspaper at least two AZ - Ordinances - Lawful presence on private property defined (dogs) AZ ST 11-1026 This Arizona statute provides that a person is lawfully on a dog owner's property when he or she is there as an invitee or guest, or when in the performance of a duty imposed upon him by law of the state or United States, or by ordinances of a municipality in which such property is located.

CA - Animal Control - Chapter 4. Animal Control West's Ann.Cal.Health & Safety Code 121875 - 121945 Beyond being domestic pets, dogs provide many services to humans, such as tracking scents and guarding facilities. Below is a collection of California laws, collectively known as the Dog Act, that set out definitions, requirements, and penalties relating to guard dogs, tracking dogs, narcotics dogs, sentry dogs and the people who handle them. CA - Bite - Title 10. Of Crimes Against the Public Health and Safety (Dog Bite Laws) CA PENAL 398 - 399.5 If an owner of an animal knows that the animal bit another person, s/he shall provide the other person with his or her contact information and information about the animal. A violation is an infraction punishable by a fine. If any person who owns an animal and knows of its vicious propensities, allows it to run at large and the animal kills any person, the owner may be guilty of a felony. The court may order the removal of the animal or its destruction. CA - Dangerous - California Dangerous Dog Statutes West's Ann. Cal. Food & Agric. Code 31601 - 31683; West's Ann. Cal. Civ. Code 3342 - 3342.5; West's Ann. Cal. Health & Safety Code 121685; West's Ann. Cal. Penal Code 398 - 399.5 This is the California statute for the rules and regulations regarding dangerous and/or vicious dogs. It defines what constitutes a dangerous and/or vicious dog, what is to be done with said dog(s), and provides a model provision for municipalities to follow. The other set of provisions contains the relevant dog bite law. California has strict liability for dog bites such that liability is imposed regardless of the former viciousness of the dog or the owner's knowledge of such viciousness. CA - Dog, dangerous - 31625. Seizure and impoundment pending hearing West's Ann.Cal.Food & Agric.Code 31625 This California statute allows an animal control officer or law enforcement officer to seize and impound the dog pending hearing if there is probable cause to believe the dog poses an immediate threat to public safety. The owner or keeper of the dog shall be liable to the city or county where the dog is impounded for the costs and expenses of keeping the dog, if the dog is later adjudicated potentially dangerous or vicious.

CA - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws West's Ann. Cal. Penal Code 398 - 399.5, 487e et seq, 597b, 597s, and 597z; West's Ann. Cal. Health & Safety Code 121575 et seq, 121875 et seq., 122045 122315; West's Ann.Cal.Food & Agric.Code 30501 - 31683; West's Ann. Cal. Fish & G. Code 3960 - 3961; 3508; West's Ann. Cal. Gov. Code 38792, 25803; West's Ann. Cal. Civ. Code 3340 - 3342.5 These statutes represent California's dog laws. Included are provisions on county control of dogs, licensing, killing and seizure of dogs, and laws regarding dangerous or vicious dogs.

CA - Impound - Seizure and impoundment of dogs on private property West's Ann. Cal. Gov. Code 53074 This California statute provides that animal control officer shall not seize or impound a dog on its owner's property for violation of a leash ordinance or issue citations for the violation of such ordinance when the dog has not strayed from the owner's private property. However, if the dog has strayed from the property and later returned to it, an officer may issue a citation if the owner is present or impound the dog if the owner is not present. In the latter circumstance, the officer must leave a notice of impoundment at the residence. CA - Licenses - City dog license tags; compliance with division CA FOOD & AG 30502 This California statute provides that any dog tag issued pursuant to ordinance by a city or county will be valid provided it complies with this division, provides for the wearing of the license tag upon the collar of the dog, and provides for the keeping of a record which shall establish the identity of the person that owns or harbors the dog. CA - Ordinances - Regulation and control of dogs; maintenance of pound and rabies control programs; vaccination clinics; issuance of license, duration; disclosure of information West's Ann. Cal. Health & Safety Code 121690 This California statute provides that, in rabies areas, every owner of dogs older than four months shall get a new dog license at least once every two years as provided by ordinance of the responsible city, city and county, or county. Also, every dog owner shall, at intervals of time not more often than once a year, vaccinate his or her dog against rabies. Any dog in violation of this chapter and any additional provisions that may be prescribed by any local governing body shall be impounded, as provided by local ordinance. CA - Rabies - Chapter 1. Rabies Control. CA HLTH & S 121575 - 121710 This chapter of California laws deals with rabies control. CO - Dangerous Dog- Article 9. Offenses Against Public Peace, Order, and Decency. CO ST 18-9-204.5; CO ST 35-42-115 This Colorado statute defines a "dangerous dog" as one that has inflicted bodily or serious bodily injury upon or has caused the death of a person or domestic animal; or has demonstrated tendencies that would cause a reasonable person to believe that the dog may inflict injury upon or cause the death of any person or domestic animal; or has engaged in or been trained for animal fighting as described by statute. Owners found guilty under the provisions will be subject to misdemeanor penalties if their dogs cause bodily injury or felonies if their dogs cause the death of a person. Section CO ST 35-42-115 mandates that the bureau create a a statewide dangerous dog registry consisting of a database of information concerning microchip types and placement by veterinarians and licensed shelters in dangerous dogs. CO - Dog Bite - Civil actions against dog owners.

CO ST 13-21-124 This 2005 Colorado law makes a dog owner strictly liable for dog bites only if the victim of the bite suffers serious bodily injury or death from being bitten by a dog while lawfully on public or private property regardless of the viciousness or dangerous propensities of the dog or the dog owner's knowledge or lack of knowledge of the dog's viciousness or dangerous propensities. Further, the victim is entitled to recover only economic damages (as opposed to noneconomic damages like pain and suffering, inconvenience, etc.) in a civil suit against the dog owner. Also, the statute provides that an owner is not liable where the victim is unlawfully on public or private property; where the victim is on the owner's property and the the property is clearly and conspicuously marked with one or more posted signs stating "no trespassing" or "beware of dog"; where the victim has clearly provoked the dog; where the victim is a veterinary health care worker, dog groomer, humane agency staff person, professional dog handler, trainer, or dog show judge acting in the performance of his or her respective duties; or where the dog is working as a hunting dog, herding dog, farm or ranch dog, or predator control dog on the property of or under the control of the dog's owner. CO - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws CO ST 35-43-126; 13-21-124; 25-4-601 to 615; 30-15-101 to 105; 33-3-106; 33-4-101.3; 33-6-128; 35-42.5-101 These Colorado statutes represent the state's dog laws. There are provisions regarding civil actions against dog owners for dog bites, rabies control, animal control and licensing, and pertinent wildlife regulations, such as a general ban on harassing wildlife and destroying dens or nests. However, there is an exception making it permissible to take wildlife when it is causing excessive damage to property. CO - Liability for accident or subsequent disease from impoundment- Article 15. Regulation Under Police Power. CO ST 30-15-104 This Colorado statute immunizes the board of county commissioners or other local governing entity from liability associated with the impoundment of pet animals. Specifically, it states the board or anyone authorized to enforce a local ordinance shall not be held responsible for any accident or subsequent disease that may occur to the animal in connection with the administration of the resolution or ordinance. CO - Ordinances - Animal control officers--Article 15. Regulation Under Police Power. CO ST 30-15-105 This Colorado statute provides that personnel engaged in animal control may issue citations or summonses and complaints enforcing the county dog control resolution or any other county resolution concerning the control of pet animals or municipal ordinance. Officers assigned to this capacity may be referred to as "peace officers." CO - Ordinances - Pet animal control and licensing CO ST 30-15-101

This Colorado statute states that the board of county commissioners of any county may adopt a resolution for the control and licensing of dogs. These regulations may require licensing of dogs by owners, require that dogs and other pet animals be under control at all times and define "control," define "vicious dog" and "vicious animal," establish a dog pound, or other animal holding facility, provide for the impoundment of animals which are vicious, not under control, or otherwise not in conformity with the resolutions, and establish such other reasonable regulations and restrictions for the control of dogs and other pet animals. CT - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws CT ST 22-327 - 22-367a; CT ST 26-107 These Connecticut statutes comprise the state's dog law. Among the provisions include licensing, kennel, and rabies regulations. With regard to damage by dogs, the law provides a form of strict liability that states if any dog does any damage to either the body or property of any person, the owner or keeper shall be liable for such damage, except when such damage has been occasioned to the body or property of a person who, at the time such damage was sustained, was committing a trespass or other tort, or was teasing, tormenting or abusing such dog. The law also contains a unique "dogs on highway" provision that provides that any person owning or having the custody of any dog which habitually goes out on any highway and growls, bites, or snaps at, or otherwise annoys, any person or domestic animal lawfully using such highway or chases or interferes with any motor vehicle so using such highway, shall be guilty of a class D misdemeanor. Further, among the nuisance provisions, the law states that no person shall own or harbor a dog which is a nuisance by reason of vicious disposition or excessive barking or other disturbance. These laws also contain provisions on reporting neglected or cruelly treated animals. Finally, Connecticut has an anti-ear cropping measures that prohibits cropping by anyone who is not a registered veterinary surgeon, and who performs the operation when the dog is under an anesthetic. DC - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws and Dangerous Dog Provision DC ST 8-1801 - 1813; 8-1901 - 1908 These District of Columbia statutes make up the dog laws for the District. Included among the provisions are definitions, animal control and at large provisions, and vaccinations/licensing regulations. With regard to dangerous dogs, the term "dangerous animal" means an animal that because of specific training or demonstrated behavior threatens the health or safety of the public. The Mayor may impound any animal at large or any dangerous animal. If a dog injures a person while at large, lack of knowledge of the dog's vicious propensity standing alone shall not absolve the owner from a finding of negligence. DE - Dangerous - Delaware Dangerous Dog Laws DE ST TI 9 920 - 928 (formerly DE ST TI 7 1730 - 40) These Delaware statutes comprise the state's dangerous dog laws. Among the provisions includes the mandatory seizure of dogs who have chased or pursued

persons on bicycles twice in a twelve-month period or those that have killed or inflicted serious injury on people or other domestic animals. However, no dog shall be considered dangerous or potentially dangerous if a person was, at the time the injury was sustained, committing criminal trespass or other tort upon premises occupied by the owner of the dog, or was teasing, tormenting, abusing or assaulting the dog, or was committing or attempting to commit a crime. An owner who violates the provisions regarding ownership of dangerous dogs faces graduated fines based on the conduct at issue. DE - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws DE ST TI 9 901 - 919; DE ST TI 9 920 - 928; DE ST TI 3 8201 - 8213; DE ST TI 3 8214 - 8225; DE ST TI 6 4001 - 4011; DE ST TI 7 1701 - 1740; These statutes comprise Delaware's dog laws. Among the provisions include licensing requirements, laws concerning hunting field trials, and the dangerous dog subchapter. DE - Ordinances - Local ordinances (dogs) DE ST TI 7 1740 (Repealed). This Delaware statutes provides that nothing shall prevent a local municipality from enacting measures or a program for the control of dangerous or potentially dangerous dogs. FL - Dangerous Dog - CHAPTER 767. DAMAGE BY DOGS. FL ST 767.14 This Florida statute provides that nothing in the dangerous dog act limits the ability of local governments from enacting restrictions on dangerous dogs more severe than the state law, as long as the regulations are not breed-specific. FL - Dogs - Florida Dog /Dangerous Dog Laws FL ST 767.01 - 16; 705.19; 823.041; 823.15 These Florida statutes outline the state's dog provisions, which mainly cover dangerous dog/dog bite laws. The owner of any dog that bites any person while such person is on or in a public place, or lawfully on or in a private place, including the property of the owner of the dog, is liable for damages suffered by persons bitten, regardless of the former viciousness of the dog or the owners' knowledge of such viciousness. However, any negligence on the part of the person bitten that is a proximate cause of the biting incident reduces the liability of the owner of the dog by the percentage that the bitten person's negligence contributed to the biting incident. If a dog that has previously been declared dangerous attacks or bites a person or a domestic animal without provocation, the owner is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree. The dog will be impounded for a period of ten days during which time the owner of the dog may request a hearing. FL - Ordinances - Interpretation of Dog Ordinances under Dangerous Dogs FL ST 767.07 This Florida statute provides that the statutory section relating to state regulation of dangerous dogs is supplemental to all other state laws affecting dogs and shall not be construed to modify those laws or to prevent municipalities from prohibiting, licensing, or

regulating the running at large of dogs within their respective limits by law or ordinance. GA - Bite - 51-2-6. Dogs, liability of owner or keeper for injuries to livestock GA ST 51-2-6 to 7 This Georgia statute represents the state's relevant dog bite strict liability law. While the law imposes strict liability for injury to a person, the dog (or other animal) must first be considered "vicious" or "dangerous," which can be as simple as showing the animal was required to be leashed per city ordinance. Second, the animal must be at large by the careless management of the owner. Finally, the person injured must not have provoked the animal into attacking him or her. GA - Dangerous Dog Ordinances - Chapter 8. Dogs GA ST 4-8-29 This Georgia statute states the standards and requirements for the control of dangerous dogs and vicious dogs; this statute also proscribes penalties for violations of these standards and requirements. For instance, a violation of this article is a misdemeanor of high and aggravated nature; repeated violations of this article is a felony. GA - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws GA ST 4-8-1 to 45; GA ST 4-14-1 to 4-15-1; GA ST 27-3-16 to 18 These Georgia statutes comprise the state's dog laws and the "Responsible Dog Ownership Law.". Among the provisions of the Responsible Dog Ownership Law include a requirement for registration of dangerous dogs as well as the necessity of such owner to carry at least $50,000 in liability insurance. Owners of these dogs who do not comply with these and other provisions may have their dogs confiscated and destroyed. Any person who violates this article is guilty of a misdemeanor. GA - Ordinances - Jurisdiction and duties of local governments GA ST 4-8-22 This Georgia statute provides authority for local governing units to enforce this article. This statute further establishes that the local government shall designate an individual as a dog control officer to aid in the administration and enforcement of the provisions of this article; the dog control officer does not have the authority to make arrests unless the person is a law enforcement officer. Additionally, this article also allows local governments to make arrangements with each other for consolidation of dog control services. HI - Dog - General Dog Provisions HI ST 143-1 to 19; HI ST 183D-65 This Hawaii statute provides the pertinent regulations for dogs in the state. Included in its provisions are licensing, impoundment, seizure of loose or unlicensed dogs, and stray animals. Of particular note is a provision that makes it unlawful for any officer to knowingly sell or give any impounded dog to any person, firm, corporation, association, medical college, or university for the purpose of animal experimentation. HI - Dog Bite - Chapter 142. Animals, Brands, and Fences. HI ST 142-75

This Hawaii statute provides that the owner of any dog that has bitten a human being shall have the duty to take such reasonable steps as are necessary to prevent the recurrence of such incident. Whenever a dog has bitten a human being on at least two separate occasions (with no applicable exceptions), any person may bring an action against the owner of the dog. Each county may enact and enforce ordinances regulating persons who own, harbor, or keep any dog that has bitten, injured, or maimed a person. No ordinance enacted under this subsection shall be held invalid on the ground that it covers any subject or matter embraced within any statute or rule of the State; provided that the ordinance shall not affect the civil liability of a person owning the offending dog. HI - Dog Bite - Chapter 142. Animals, Brands, and Fences. HI ST 142-74 - 142-75 Hawaii statute provides that if any dog, while on private property without the consent of the owner of that property, injures or destroys any sheep, cattle, goat, hog, fowl, or other property belonging to any person other than the owner of the dog, the owner of the dog shall be liable in damages to the person injured for the value of the property so injured or destroyed. Further, each county may enact and enforce ordinances regulating persons who own, harbor, or keep any dog that has injured, maimed, or destroyed an animal belonging to another person. HI - Dog Bite - CHAPTER 663. TORT ACTIONS. HI ST 663-9 - 663-9.1 This statute represents Hawaii's relevant dog bite law. Under the statute, an owner or harborer of an animal is strictly liable for personal or property damage to any person, regardless of the animal owner's or harborer's lack of scienter of the vicious or dangerous propensities of the animal. HI - Impound - Chapter 143. Animals: Licenses and Regulations. HI ST 143-8 This Hawaii statute provides that, except where licensing requirements are dispensed with, every officer shall seize any unlicensed dog found running at large or found outside a sufficient enclosure even if within the immediate presence of its owner. The animal will then be confined at a pound for forty-eight hours whereupon it can be redeemed by the owner, sold, or humanely destroyed if not reclaimed. Each county council shall have the power to fix the impoundment fee for dogs. IA - Dog - Iowa Dangerous Dog/General Dog Laws IA ST 351.1 - .43 These Iowa statutes comprise the state's dog laws. With regard to damage done by dogs and dog bites, the owner of a dog shall be liable to an injured party for all damages done by the dog, when the dog is caught in the action of worrying, maiming, or killing a domestic animal, or the dog is attacking or attempting to bite a person, except when the party damaged is doing an unlawful act, directly contributing to the injury. Further, the law states that it shall be the duty of the owner of any dog, cat or other animal which has bitten or attacked a person or any person having knowledge of such bite or attack to report this act to a local health or law enforcement official. The

section also contains general rabies vaccination provisions and a prohibition on dogs running at large (results in impoundment). IA - Dog License - Chapter 351. Dogs and Other Animals. IA ST 351.27 This Iowas statute makes it lawful for any person to kill a dog, wearing a collar with a rabies vaccination tag attached, when the dog is caught in the act of worrying, chasing, maiming, or killing any domestic animal or fowl, or when such dog is attacking or attempting to bite a person. IA - Ordinances - CHAPTER 351. DOGS AND OTHER ANIMALS IA ST 351.36 This Iowa statute provides that local health and law enforcement officials shall enforce state provisions relating to vaccination and impoundment of dogs. It further states that such public officials shall not be responsible for any accident or disease of a dog resulting from the enforcement of the provisions of the sections. IA - Ordinances - Duties relating to services IA ST 331.381 This Iowa statute states that the county board shall provide for the seizure, impoundment, and disposition of dogs in accordance with chapter 351. ID - Dangerous - 25-2806. Liability for livestock and poultry killed by dogs ID ST 25-2806 This Idaho statute provides that any owner whose dog that kills, worries, or wounds any livestock and poultry is liable to the owner of the same for the damages and costs of suit, to be recovered before any court of competent jurisdiction. Further, any person, on finding any dog, not on the premises of its owner or possessor, worrying, wounding, or killing any livestock or poultry may, at the time of so finding said dog, kill the same, without liability for damages. ID - Dangerous Dogs running at large - Chapter 28. Dogs. ID ST 25-2805 This Idaho statute provides that any person who lets his or her dog run at large after a complaint has been made to the sheriff shall be guilty of an infraction punishable as provided in section 18-113A, Idaho Code. Any person who lets his or her dog physically attack someone when not provoked shall be guilty of a misdemeanor in addition to any liability as provided in section 25-2806, Idaho Code. For a second or subsequent violation of this subsection, the court may, in the interest of public safety, order the owner to have the vicious dog destroyed or may direct the appropriate authorities to destroy the dog. ID - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws ID ST 25-2801 - 2808; ID ST 36-1101

These Idaho statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include licensing requirements, laws regarding dogs at large and vicious dogs, and immunity for acts done by law enforcement dogs. IL - Dog Bite - Chapter 510. Animals IL ST CH 510 5/13 This Illinois statute provides the health procedure for dog bites. When a state health administrator receives information that any person has been bitten by an animal, the administrator shall have such dog or other animal confined under the observation of a licensed veterinarian for a period of 10 days. People with knowledge of dog bites are required to inform the administrator or his or her representative promptly. It is unlawful for the owner of the animal to euthanize, sell, give away, or otherwise dispose of any animal known to have bitten a person, until it is released by the administrator. IL - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws 510 ILCS 5/1 - 35; 510 ILCS 92/1 - 999; 720 I.L.C.S. 630/0.01 - 1; 510 ILCS 72/1 - 180; 740 I.L.C.S. 13/1 - 10; 55 I.L.C.S. 5/5-1071 - 1071.1; 60 I.L.C.S. 1/30-110; 520 I.L.C.S. 20/15 and 20/19; 520 I.L.C.S. 5/2.34; 105 I.L.C.S. 5/14-6.02; 65 I.L.C.S. 5/11-20-9; 520 I.L.C.S. 5/1.2y, 2z; 520 I.L.C.S. 5/3.26 These statutes comprise Illinois' dog laws. Among the provisions include the Animal Control Act, which regulates the licensing and control of dogs, the Diseased Animal Act, and the Humane Euthanasia in Animal Shelters Act. IN - Bite - Indiana Dog Bite Laws IN ST 15-20-1-1 - 7; IN ST 35-47-7-4 These Indiana statutes provide the state's dog bite laws. If a dog, without provocation, bites any person who is peaceably conducting himself in any place where he may be required to go for the purpose of discharging any duty imposed upon him by the laws of this state or by the laws or postal regulations of the United States of America, the owner of such dog may be held liable for any damages suffered by the person bitten, regardless of the former viciousness of such dog or the owner's knowledge of such viciousness. It also establishes the conditions under which an owner will be criminally liable if his or her dog bites another person. In Indiana, physicians treating dog bite injuries are required to report such injuries not more than 72-hours after the incident. IN - Cruelty - Consolidated Cruelty Statutes IN ST 35-46-3-.05 to 15; IN ST 36-8-3-18 These Indiana statutes set forth the anti-cruelty laws. As used in this chapter, "animal" does not include a human being. A person having a vertebrate animal in the person's custody who recklessly, knowingly, or intentionally abandons or neglects the animal commits cruelty to an animal, a Class B misdemeanor. A person who knowingly or intentionally purchases or possesses an animal for the purpose of using the animal in an animal fighting contest commits a Class A misdemeanor. IN - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws IN ST 15-17-6-1 - 14; 25-38.1-4-8 ; 15-20-2-1 - 7; 6-9-39-1 - 9; 35-46-3-15; 15-20-3-1 4 ; 14-22-11-1

These Indiana statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Included are provisions on rabies, liability of owners for dog bites or damage to livestock, and taxation and registration laws, among others. IN - Dog Ordinances - Chapter 1. Liability for Dog Bites IN ST 15-20-1-1 (formerly cited as IN ST 15-5-12-6 ) This Indiana statute provides that the chapter related to dog bite law does not limit the power of an agency of the state or a political subdivision to adopt a rule or an ordinance that does not conflict with this chapter. KS - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws KS ST 47-645 - 646a; 47-835; 47-1701 - 1737; 79-1301 These Kansas statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include licensing of dogs, specific laws that outline the care of dogs in kennel situations, and laws pertaining to dogs who endanger livestock. KY - Dangerous - REPEALED - Quarantine of dogs in case of excessive damage to livestock, poultry, or domestic game birds; destruction of dogs in violation of quarantine KY ST 258.345 This Kentucky statute provides that, when the inhabitants of any city, or county, have suffered an excessive amount of damage to livestock or poultry or domestic game birds by dogs, a petition may be presented to the commissioner, signed by twenty (20) or more of such inhabitants who are owners of livestock or poultry, alleging such excessive damage and requesting that a quarantine be placed on all dogs within the limits of such city, or county. It then becomes unlawful for a dog not engaged in hunting to run at large in the quarantine area. KY - Dog Laws (also includes cats & ferrets) - Kentucky Consolidated Dog Laws (License, Impound, Bite, etc.) KY ST 258.005 - 991; 150.390 These Kentucky statutes comprise the state's Dog Laws, which were amended significantly in 2005. Included are all vaccination, licensing, animal control provisions, and the relevant dog bite statutes. Under Section 258.235, any person may kill or seize any dog which he sees in the act of pursuing or wounding any livestock, or wounding or killing poultry, or attacking human beings, whether or not such dog bears the license tag required by the provisions of this chapter. There shall be no liability on such person in damages or otherwise for killing, injuring from an attempt to kill, or for seizing the dog. That same section also comprises the state's new strict liability law for dog bites. Under Sec. 235(4), any owner whose dog is found to have caused damage to a person, livestock, or other property shall be responsible for that damage. KY - Impound - Confinement and destruction of dog found to have caused loss or damage to livestock, persons, or poultry; harborer of unlicensed dog forfeits rights in livestock fund KY ST 258.325 (REPEALED 2004)

This Kentucky statute provides that the owner of any dog or dogs having caused loss or damage to any livestock or poultry or person is definitely and conclusively shown or if written complaint is filed and if such charge is proven by investigation on the part of the department, the commissioner may notify the owner or keeper of such dog to immediately destroy the dog. It then becomes unlawful and a violation of this chapter for such owner, or keeper to permit or cause such dog, while alive, to leave or to be removed from such premises. The destroying of such dogs shall not remove the liability of the owner for such damage done by his dog. KY - Ordinances - CHAPTER 258. DOGS. KY ST 258.365 This Kentucky statute provides that nothing in this chapter related to state regulation of dogs shall be construed to prohibit or limit the right of any city to pass or enforce any ordinance with respect to the regulation of dogs, the provisions of which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter. LA - Dangerous - Louisiana Dangerous Dog & Dog Bite Laws LA R.S. 14:102.14; L.A. R.S. 2771 - 2778 These Louisiana statutory sections provide the state's animal control and dangerous dog laws. A dog becomes dangerous when (1) unprovoked, on two separate occasions within the prior thirty-six-month period, engages in any behavior that requires a defensive action by any person to prevent bodily injury when the person and the dog are off the property of the owner of the dog; (2) any dog which, when unprovoked, bites a person causing an injury; or (3) any dog which, when unprovoked, on two separate occasions within the prior thirty-six-month period, has killed, seriously bitten, inflicted injury, or otherwise caused injury to a domestic animal off the property of the owner of the dog. It is unlawful for any person to own a dangerous dog without properly restraining or confining the dog. Any citizen or officer may kill any dangerous or vicious dog, and no citizen or officer shall be liable for damages or to prosecution by reason of killing any dangerous or vicious dog. The section also provides laws on licensing, vaccination, and prohibitions on dogs running at large. LA - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws LA R.S. 2451 - 2778; LA R.S. 56:124.1; LSA-R.S. 56:141 These statutes comprise Louisiana's dog laws. Included among the provisions are dangerous dog laws, impoundment provisions, and the relevant licensing requirements. LA - Dog Bite - Art. 2321. Damage caused by animals. LA C.C. Art. 2321 This Louisiana civil code statute provides that an owner of any animal is liable for damages caused by that animal only upon a showing that he or she knew or should have known that his or her animal's behavior would cause damage, that the damage could have been prevented by the exercise of reasonable care, and that he or she failed to exercise such reasonable care. However, the owner of a dog is strictly liable for injuries to persons or property caused by the dog and which the owner could have prevented and which did not result from the injured person's provocation of the dog.

LA - Dog Dangerous - Chapter 1. Criminal Code. LA R.S. 14:102.14 This Louisiana statute defines a "dangerous dog" as any dog which when unprovoked, on two separate occasions within the prior thirty-six-month period, engages in any behavior that requires a defensive action by any person to prevent bodily injury when the person and the dog are off the property of the owner of the dog; or any dog which, when unprovoked, bites a person causing an injury; or any dog which, when unprovoked, on two separate occasions within the prior thirty-six-month period, has killed, seriously bitten, inflicted injury, or otherwise caused injury to a domestic animal off the property of the owner of the dog. It is unlawful for any person to own a dangerous dog without properly restraining or confining the dog. LA - Dog Fighting - House Bill 2064 (Louisiana Prohibition on Illegal Dog Training (failed)) Louisiana House Bill 2064 (2001) This Louisiana 2001 proposed law would have provided for the crime of illegally training dogs; however, it died in committee. It would have also defined "illegally train" to mean the training of a dog to attack or kill a human being, another dog, or any other animal species. The proposed law would have created exceptions for any dog used by law enforcement officials, a guard dog used to defend livestock raised for commercial or subsistence purposes, or a guard dog used to defend any school, place of business, or personal residence. Violation of the proposed law would have incurred a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment of not more than six months, or both. LA - Dog Fighting - Senate Bill 682 (Louisiana Prohibition on Animal Fighting (failed)) Louisiana Senate Bill 682 (2001) This Louisiana Senate Bill proposed in 2001 would have expanded the definition for animal fighting from "dog fighting" to "animal fighting" and also prohibits intentional animal fighting. The amended law would have provided for the seizure and destruction or disposition of such animals and equipment used in animal fighting and would have created penalties for violations, including imprisonment. LA - Dog Fighting - Senate Bill 866 (Louisiana Dogfighting Amendments (passed)) Louisiana Senate Bill 866 (2001) This Louisiana senate bill passed in the summer of 2001 defines the act of dogfighting and makes admissible as evidence of dogfighting certain paraphernalia used in the training of dogs to fight and injuries or alterations to the dog that are consistent with dogfighting. It exempts certain activities, including the training of dogs to protect livestock and the cropping of dogs' ears for cosmetic purposes. Upon first conviction, violation incurs a fine of not more than one thousand dollars or imprisonment with or without hard labor for not more than one year, or both. Upon a second or subsequent conviction, the offender shall be fined not more than three thousand dollars or be imprisoned with or without hard labor for not more than three years, or both. LA - Ordinances - CHAPTER 18. ANIMALS RUNNING AT LARGE.

LA R.S. 3:2731 This Louisiana statute provides that the governing bodies of all parishes and municipalities may impose license taxes on all dogs, enact ordinances for the regulation of dogs running at large, and maintain pounds for the impounding of dogs. MA - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws MA ST 140 136A - 175; MA ST 131 20, 21, 21A, 82 These Massachusetts statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include licensing laws, dangerous dog laws, and rabies vaccination provisions. MA - Dog Ordinances - CHAPTER 140. LICENSES. MA ST 140 173A This Massachusetts statute provides the state law relative to violation of municipal bylaws or ordinances related to dog control. Included are penalty provisions and appearance requirements. MA - Ordinances - By-laws and ordinances relative to regulation of dogs MA ST 140 147A This Massachusetts statute provides that any city or town that accepts the provisions of this statutory section is empowered to enact by-laws and ordinances relative to the regulation of dogs. These areas may relate to, but not be limited to dog licensing, establishing dog fees, disposition of fees, appointment of dog officers, kennel licensing and regulations, procedures for the investigation of and reimbursement for damage caused by dogs, restraining of dogs and establishing penalties for a breach. MD - Bite - Maryland Dangerous Dog Laws MD CRIM LAW 10-619 This Maryland statute outlines what is a "Dangerous dog." As defined by statute, it is a dog that, without provocation, has killed or inflicted severe injury on a person, or it is a potentially dangerous dog that bites a person, when not on its owner's real property, kills or inflicts severe injury on a domestic animal, or attacks without provocation. An owner of a dangerous dog must keep the dog securely enclosed on his or her property or must muzzle and restrain the dog. A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $2,500. MD - Cruelty - Consolidated Cruelty Statutes MD CRIM LAW 10-601 - 623; MD CRIM LAW 3-322 This Maryland statutory section comprises the state's anti-cruelty provisions. Under the section, "animal" means a living creature except a human being. "Cruelty" is defined as the unnecessary or unjustifiable physical pain or suffering caused or allowed by an act, omission, or neglect, and includes torture and torment. Agricultural, veterinary, research, and "an activity that may cause unavoidable physical pain to an animal, including food processing, pest elimination, animal training, and hunting. . . " are excluded from the purview of the act. MD - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws MD Code, Art. 24, 11-501 - 514; MD Code, Transportation, 21-1004.1; MD Code, Art. 25, 236A, MD Code, Natural Resources, 10-413, 10-701 TO 703; MD Code, Natural

Resources, 10-807; MD Code, Public Safety, 2-313; MD Code, Health - General, 18-312 - 321; MD Code, State Government, 13-30 These statutes comprise Maryland's dog laws. Maryland is unique in that the state law governs the specific licensing and other regulations certain counties may adopt or enforce. Also included are the state rabies provisions and even the law that designates the state dog (the Chesapeake Bay retriever). MD - Licenses - Article 24. Political Subdivisions--Miscellaneous Provisions. MD CODE, Art. 24, 11-510 This Maryland statute provides that any dog found running at large without the proper license tag attached is considered a nuisance and is subject to seizure, detention and destruction. When the dog warden is not able to catch a dog running at large without a license tag, the dog may be shot or otherwise killed. The County Commissioners may provide by ordinance that owners of dogs may not permit the dog, whether licensed or unlicensed, to run at large, after a petition signed by a majority of residents has been submitted. Dogs seized under this provision are kept for 72 hours; thereafter, the owner loses ownership rights and is subject to sale after an additional holding period. Any dog seized and not redeemed within 120 hours from time of its seizure may be killed by the dog warden or one of his or her duly authorized deputies. MD - Ordinances - Annapolis and Rockville Animal Control Ordinances Annapolis - 8.04.010 - 040; Rockville Sec. 3-1 - 124 These ordinances comprise the cities of Annapolis and Rockville, Maryland's animal control provisions. MD - Ordinances - 236A. Washington County; animal control ordinance MD CODE, Art. 25, 236A This Maryland statute provides that the County Commissioners for Washington County may adopt an animal control ordinance. This may include provisions to hold public hearings to decide citations, complaints, and other controversies arising under the animal control ordinance. Ordinances may also include provisions for the control of rabid animals and the disposition of uncontrolled, vicious, and sick animals among other things. ME - Dog, Dangerous - Maine Dangerous Dog Laws ME ST T. 7 3951 - 3953; ME ST T. 7 3961 - 3964; ME ST T.7 3907 This Maine statutory sections outlines the state's dangerous dog laws. It first provides that any person may lawfully kill a dog if necessary to protect that person, another person or a domesticated animal during the course of a sudden, unprovoked assault. A person who owns or keeps a dangerous dog commits a civil violation for which the court shall adjudge a fine of not less than $250 and not more than $1,000. The dog may be ordered to be muzzled, or euthanized if it has killed, maimed or inflicted serious bodily injury upon a person or has a history of a prior assault. Notably, if a dog whose owner refuses or neglects to comply with the order wounds any person by a sudden assault or wounds or kills any domestic animal, the owner shall pay the person injured treble damages and costs to be recovered by a civil action. The statute sets out the

specific procedure for declaring a dog dangerous and the statutory definition of dangerous is also provided by reference to a companion statute. ME - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws ME ST T.7 3901 - 4163; ME ST T. 12 12707 These Maine statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include licensing requirements, laws that determine the disposition of loose or dangerous dogs, and a chapter on the sale of dogs. MI - Dangerous - Chapter 287. Animal Industry. Dangerous Animals. M. C. L. A. 287.321 - 323 This Michigan statute defines "dangerous animal," which means a dog or other animal that bites or attacks a person, or a dog that bites or attacks and causes serious injury or death to another dog while the other dog is on the property or under the control of its owner. However, a dangerous animal does not include any of the following: an animal that bites or attacks a person who is knowingly trespassing on the property of the animal's owner; an animal that bites or attacks a person who provokes or torments the animal; or an animal that is responding in a manner that an ordinary and reasonable person would conclude was designed to protect a person if that person is engaged in a lawful activity or is the subject of an assault. MI - Dog Bite - Chapter 750. Michigan Penal Code. The Michigan Penal Code. MCL 750.66a This Michigan law, which becomes effective January of 2009, provides that a person 18 years of age or older who is responsible for controlling the actions of a dog or wolf-dog cross and the person knows or has reason to know that the dog or wolf-dog cross has bitten another person shall remain on the scene. A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than 93 days or a fine of not more than $500.00, or both. MI - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws M.C.L. 287.261 - 395; 324.73101 - 42106 The regulation of dogs and cats in Michigan implicates three major issues: licensing and registration of dogs; the regulation of animal control facilities and pet shops; and the ever-present concern of dog bites. The primary statutory vehicle that regulates the licensing requirements for dogs is the The Dog Law of 1919. Under the dog law, it is unlawful for any person to own a dog six months or older unless the dog is licensed. MCL 287.262. It is also unlawful for a person to own a dog six months or older that does not wear a collar and tag at all times, except when engaged in hunting activities accompanied by his or her owner. MCL 287.262. A female dog that is in heat may not go beyond her owners premises unless properly held on a leash under this section. MI - Exotic pets - CHAPTER 287. ANIMAL INDUSTRY. WOLF-DOG CROSS ACT. MI ST 287.1021 Under this Michigan statute, a local unit is empowered to adopt an ordinance governing wolf-dog crosses that is more restrictive than this act, provided it fulfills the requirements

of this act in addition to any other requirements governing a wolf-dog cross under state and federal law. MI - Exotic pets - CHAPTER 287. ANIMAL INDUSTRY. WOLF-DOG CROSS ACT. M. C. L. A. 287.1004 This Michigan statute provides the requirements for ownership of wolf-dog hybrids in the state. MI - Exotic Pets - Chapter 287. Animal Industry; Wolf-dog Cross Act MI ST 287.1001 - 1023 This Michigan law bans acquisition and possession of wolf-dog hybrids, though it grandfathered animals already owned as pets at the time of the law's enactments. In order to maintain public safety and animal welfare, the state created a strict permit system for those owners who were allowed to keep their already-existing pets. (See also link to Chapter 287. Animal Industry; Large Carnivore Act; link to 287.731- Importation of species having potential to endanger life or property prohibited; importation of wild or exotic animals; requirements and prohibitions). MI - Ordinances - CHAPTER 287. ANIMAL INDUSTRY. DOG LAW OF 1919. M. C. L. A. 287.290 This Michigan statute enables a city, village or township to adopt an animal control ordinance to regulate the licensing, payment of claims and providing for the enforcement thereof. MI - Ordinances - CHAPTER 287. ANIMAL INDUSTRY. DOG LAW OF 1919. M. C. L. A. 287.289a This Michigan law provides that a board of county commissioners may establish, by ordinance, an animal control agency. The animal control agency shall have jurisdiction to enforce this act in any city, village or township which does not have an animal control ordinance. The county's animal control ordinance shall provide for animal control programs, facilities, personnel and necessary expenses incurred in animal control. MI - Ordinances - Chapters 81 to 113 Fourth Class Cities. M. C. L. A. 91.1 This Michigan statute provides that a city incorporated under the provisions of this act has, and the council may pass ordinances relating to, the following general powers: To provide for the issuing of licenses to the owners and keepers of dogs and to require the owners and keepers of dogs to pay for and obtain such licenses; and to regulate and prevent the running at large of dogs, to require dogs to be muzzled, and to authorize the killing of dogs running at large or not licensed in violation of an ordinance of the city. MN - Dangerous - Minnesota Dangerous Dog Definitions, Dog Bites, & Rabies Treatments MN ST 35.67 - 35.69; MN ST 346.51; MN ST 347.50 This Minnesota statute outlines the procedure for a town establishing a rabies proclamation and prevents the running at large of unmuzzled dogs in such localities. It also provides that an owner or custodian of a dog which does not have an appropriate

antirabies vaccination and which bites or otherwise exposes a person to rabies virus may be penalized under section 346.53. The statute also defines "dangerous dog" and "potentially dangerous dog." MN - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws MN ST 35.67 - 71; 97A.321, 97B.001 - 621; 325F.79-792; 346.01-58; 347.01-56; 365.10; 366.01 These statutes comprise Minnesota's relevant dog laws. Among the provisions include several laws related to natural resources protection and hunting with dogs, the sale of dogs, and laws related to damage done by dogs. MN - Ordinances - 366.01.Chapter 366. Town Board; Board of Audit. Town Board. MN ST 366.01 This Minnesota statute provides that the supervisors of each town constituting a town board are empowered to license and regulate the presence or keeping of dogs or domestic animal pets when deemed to be in the public interest. MN - Ordinances - Chapter 347. Dogs and Cats. Dogs. MN ST 347.21 This Minnesota statute provides that state dog control laws are supplemental to local provisions enacted by ordinance and shall not be construed as to modify, repeal, or prevent municipalities from prohibiting, licensing, or regulating the running at large of dogs. MN - Ordinances - Chapter 365. Town General Law. Town Meeting Powers. MN ST 365.10 Under this Minnesota statute, town electors at their annual town meeting, are empowered to exercise control over a number of activities relating to dogs. They can decide the locations of pounds, set the number of poundmasters, and discontinue a pound. The electors may make orders and bylaws on restraining horses, cattle, sheep, swine, and other domestic animals from going at large on roads. They may also make orders and bylaws on the impounding of domestic animals going at large and fix penalties for violations of the orders and bylaws. The electors may let the town board pass an ordinance for licensing dogs and cats and regulating their presence, keeping, and running at large in the town. The electors are also granted the authority to provide for a specific activity that is within any of the following categories: the promotion of health, safety, order, and convenience, and the general welfare. MN - Rabies - Chapter 35. Animal Health MN ST 35.67 - 35.69 This set of Minnesota laws relates to rabies investigation and proclamation. The owner or custodian of a dog may not permit it to be at large, either on the premises of the owner or elsewhere, within any city or town covered by a proclamation made under section 35.68, during the time the proclamation is in force, unless the dog is effectively muzzled so that it cannot bite any other animal or person. Sec. 35.69 also allows any person to kill a dog found running at large contrary to a rabies proclamation. MO - Dog Ordinances - Chapter 77. Third Class Cities. MO ST 77.510

This Missouri statute provides that a city council may tax, restrain and prohibit the running at large of dogs, and provide for their destruction when at large contrary to ordinance, and impose penalties on the owners or keepers thereof. MO - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws MO ST 273.010 - 405 These Missouri statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include laws for impounding loose dogs, licensing, rabies control, and the Animal Care Facilities Act, which regulates commercial breeders/pet shops. MO - Ordinances - Chapter 79. Fourth Class Cities. Police and Health Regulations MO ST 79.400 This Missouri statute provides that a local board of aldermen may tax, regulate and restrain and prohibit the running at large of dogs, and provide for their destruction when at large contrary to ordinance, and impose penalties on the owners or keepers thereof. MO - Rabies - Chapter 322. Protection Against Rabies MO ST 322.090 - 322.145 This chapter concerns laws preventing the transmission and control of rabies and other zoonotic diseases. Section 322.140 provides that if a county does not adopt rules and regulations pursuant to sections 322.090 to 322.130, whenever an animal bites or otherwise possibly transmits rabies or any zoonotic disease, the incident shall be immediately reported to the county health department. It also provides that the owner of an owner that bites is responsible for the costs associated with rabies testing and/or treatment. Further, the owner of an animal that bites or otherwise possibly transmitted rabies or any zoonotic disease shall be liable to an injured party for all damages done by the animal. MS - Dangerous Animal - Chapter 3. Crimes Against the Person. MS ST 97-3-45 This Mississippi law makes an owner liable for manslaughter if he or she wilfully allows a mischievous animal to go at large, or it goes at large because the owner fails to exercise ordinary care, and the animal, while at large or not confined, kills any human being who took reasonable precautions to avoid the animal. MS - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws MS ST 19-5-50; 19-25-83; 19-5-3; 21-19-9; 21-21-5; 41-53-1 - 13; 49-7-42; 69-29-2; 73-39-89; 95-5-19 - 21 These Mississippi statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Included are provisions relating to hunting with dogs, local dog ordinances, and liability of owners for damage done by dogs. MT - Bite - Chapter 1. Availability of Remedies--Liability. MT ST 27-1-715 This Montana statute provides that the owner of any dog which shall without provocation bite any person while such person is on or in a public place or lawfully on or in a private place, including the property of the owner of such dog, located within an incorporated city or town shall be liable for such damages as may be suffered by the person bitten

regardless of the former viciousness of such dog or the owner's knowledge of such viciousness. MT - Dangerous - CHAPTER 23. DOMESTIC ANIMAL CONTROL AND PROTECTION. MT ST 7-23-2109 This Montana statute provides that the county governing body may regulate, restrain, control, kill, or quarantine any vicious dog, whether such dog is licensed or unlicensed, by the adoption of an ordinance which substantially complies with state dangerous dog laws. MT - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws MT ST 7-23-101 to 7-23-105; 7-23-2108 to 7-23-4104; 7-23-4201 to 7-23-4203; 27-1-715; 81-7-401 to 81-7-403 These Montana statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include strict liability for all dog bites, authority for counties to enact ordinances regarding dangerous dogs, barking dogs, and destruction of unlicensed dogs, as well as general laws related to registration and licensing. MT - Licenses - Chapter 23. Domestic Animal Control and Protection. MT ST 7-23-4103 This Montana statute relates to annual dog licenses issued by municipal corporations pursuant to an ordinance which substantially complies with state law. MT - Ordinance - Chapter 23. Domestic Animal Control and Protection. MT ST 7-23-2108 This Montana statute provides that the governing body of the county may regulate, restrain, or prohibit the running at large of dogs by the adoption of an ordinance which substantially complies with state law provisions related to licensing. Violation of an ordinance adopted is a misdemeanor. Additionally, the county governing body is authorized to impound, sell, kill, or otherwise destroy dogs found at large contrary to ordinances. NC - Bite - Chapter 67. Dogs. Article 1A. Dangerous Dogs. NC ST 67-1 to 18; NC ST 130A-196, 130A-200 These North Carolina statutes comprise the state's dangerous dog and dog bite laws. Among the provisions include misdemeanor penalties for an owner if a dangerous dog attacks a person and causes physical injuries requiring medical treatment in excess of one hundred dollars ($100.00) and strict liability in civil damages for any injuries or property damage the dog inflicts upon a person, his property, or another animal. Another statute provides that any person brought to receive medical treatment for a dog bite must report it to the local health director and the animal must be confined for a ten day observation period. NC - Dangerous Dogs - Chapter 67. Dogs NC ST 67-14.1 This North Carolina statute provides that any dog which trails, runs, injures or kills any deer or bear on any wildlife refuge, sanctuary or management area designated by the Wildlife Resources Commission, during the closed season for hunting with dogs on such

refuge or management area, is hereby declared to be a public nuisance, and any wildlife protector may destroy it by humane method. Any unmuzzled dog running at large in such area shall be impounded and notice shall be published in some newspaper published in the county for two successive weeks. If no owner comes to claim the dog, it may be destroyed within 15 days after publication. NC - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws NC ST 14-81 to 82; 19A-20 to 44; 19A-60 to 65; 67-1 - 36; 90-187.7; 113291.5; 130A-184 to 204; 145-13; 160A-186; 160A-212 These North Carolina statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include pet shop provisions, rabies vaccination laws, and the dangerous dog chapter. NC - Ordinances - Chapter 67. Dogs. NC ST 67-4.5 This North Carolina statute provides that nothing in the dangerous dog laws shall be construed to prevent a city or county from adopting or enforcing its own program for control of dangerous dogs. ND - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws ND ST 11-11-14; 20.1-04-12 - 12.2; 20.1-05-02.1; 23-36-01 - 09; 36-21-10 - 11; 40-05-01 -2; 40-05-19; 42-03-01 - 04; 43-29-16.1 These statutes comprise North Dakota's dog laws. Among the provisions include municipal powers to regulate dogs, rabies, control laws, provisions that define dogs as a public nuisance, and laws concerning dogs that harass big game or livestock. ND - Ordinances - Chapter 40-05. Powers of Municipalities. ND ST 40-05-02 This North Dakota statute provides that the city council in a city operating under the council form of government and the board of city commissioners in a city operating under the commission system of government, in addition to the powers possessed by all municipalities, shall have power to license dogs and to regulate the keeping of dogs including authorization for their disposition or destruction in order to protect the health, safety, and general welfare of the public. NE - Dangerous - ARTICLE 6. DOGS AND CATS. (B) DANGEROUS DOGS. NE ST 54-617 to 54-624 These Nebraska statutes outline the state's dangerous dog laws. Among the provisions include a requirement that the dog must be restrained when not in a secure enclosure on the owner's property. There is also a requirement that owners must post warning signs on the property notifying people that a dangerous dog is present. If a dangerous dog bites a person, the owner can be found guilty of a Class IV misdemeanor and the dog will be destroyed. NE - Dangerous Dog - 54-624. CHAPTER 54. LIVESTOCK . NE ST 54-624 This Nebraska statute provides that nothing in the state dangerous dog laws (sections 54-617 to 54-623) shall be construed to restrict or prohibit any governing board of any

county, city, or village from establishing and enforcing laws or ordinances at least as stringent as the provisions of sections 54-617 to 54-623. NE - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws NE ST 14-102; 15-218 - 220; 16-206; 16-235; 17-526, 17-547; 25-21,236; 37525; 37-705; 54-601 - 616; 54-617 - 624; 54-625 - 650; 71-4401 - 4412 These Nebraska statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include the municipal authority to regulate dogs at large and licensing, rabies control, and dangerous dog laws. The set of laws relating to commercial pet dealers and breeders is also provided. NE - Licenses - Chapter 15. Cities of the Primary Class. NE ST 15-220 This Nebraska statute provides that a primary city shall have power to regulate, license, or prohibit the running at large of dogs and other animals and guard against injuries or annoyances therefrom, and to authorize the destruction of the same when running at large contrary to the provisions of any ordinance. NE - Licenses - Chapter 15. Cities of the Primary Class NE ST 15-218 This Nebraska statue provides that a primary city shall have power, by ordinance, to regulate or prohibit the running at large of cattle, hogs, horses, mules, sheep, goats, dogs, and other animals and to cause these animals to be impounded and sold to discharge the cost of impoundment. NE - Licenses -Chapter 17. Cities of the Second Class And Villages. NE ST 17-526 This Nebraska statute provides that second-class cities and villages may, by ordinance, impose a license tax for each dog or other animal and cause the destruction of any dog or other animal when the owner or harborer shall refuse or neglect to pay such license. Such municipality may regulate, license, or prohibit the running at large of dogs and other animals and guard against injuries or annoyances therefrom and authorize the destruction of the same when running at large contrary to the provisions of any ordinance. NH - Dog Bite - Chapter 466. Dogs and Cats. NH ST 466:31 Under this section, a dog is considered to be a nuisance, a menace, or vicious to persons or to property if it is "at large," if it barks for sustained periods, if it chases cars continuously, or if it growls, snaps at or bites persons. If a dog bites a person and breaks the skin, the animal control officer must inform the victim whether the dog was vaccinated against rabies within 24 hours. NH - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws NH ST 466:1 - 466:54; 47:17; 207:11 - 207:13b; 210:18; 264:31; 436:99 - 436:109; 437:1 - 2437:2; 437-A:1 - 9; 508:18-a These New Hampshire statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include licensing requirements, dangerous dog laws, and the rabies control code.

NH - Exotic Pets - Chapter 466-A. Wolf Hybrids NH ST 466-A:1 to 466-A:6 This section of laws comprises New Hampshire's wolf-dog hybrid act. Under the law, no person shall sell or resell, offer for sale or resale, or release or cause to be released a wolf hybrid in the state of New Hampshire. A person may temporarily import a wolf hybrid provided that he or she shows proof of spaying or neutering and has accurate vaccination records. Each wolf hybrid shall be under the physical control of the owner or confined in an enclosure or structure sufficient to prohibit escape. Any person in violation of this chapter or any rule adopted under this chapter shall be guilty of a class A misdemeanor. (See also link to 207:14 Import, Possession, or Release of Wildlife). NH - Ordinances - 466:30-b Referendum (muzzling and restraining dogs) NH ST 466:30-b This New Hampshire statute outlines the required referendum format if a town seeks to adopt an ordinance that prohibits the running at large of dogs. Towns that do not adopt this statutory format may regulate the running at large of dogs by enacting ordinances that comply with other statutes. NJ - Dog - Chapter 19. Dogs, Taxation and Liability for Injuries Caused by. NJ ST 4:19-15.1 to 4:19-15.29 These New Jersey statutes comprise the laws for licensing, impounding, appointment of animal control officers, and kennel/pet shop regulations. It also includes a provision that prohibits impounded animals from being sold or donated for experimentation. NJ - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws NJ ST 2A:42-101 to 2A:42-113; 2C:29-3.1; 4:19-1 to 4:19-43; 4:19A-1 - 17; 4:21B-1 - 3; 4:22A-1 to 13; 23:4-25, 26, 46; 26:4-78 - 95; 40:48-1 These statutes comprise New Jersey's dog laws. Among the provisions include laws regarding domesticated animals in housing projects, rabies control laws, licensing requirements, and dangerous dog laws. NJ - Impound - Chapter 19. Dogs, Taxation and Liability for Injuries Caused by NJ ST 4:19-26 This New Jersey statute provides that, if a dog is declared vicious or potentially dangerous, the owner of the dog shall be liable to the municipality in which the dog is impounded for the costs and expenses of impounding and destroying the dog. The municipality may establish by ordinance a schedule of these costs and expenses. NJ - Impound - Chapter 19. Dogs, Taxation and Liability for Injuries Caused by. NJ ST 4:19-9 This New Jersey statute provides that a person may humanely destroy a dog in self defense, or which is found chasing, worrying, wounding or destroying any sheep, lamb, poultry or domestic animal. NJ - License - Chapter 19. Dogs, Taxation and Liability for Injuries Caused by NJ ST 4:19-31 This New Jersey statute provides that every municipality may, by ordinance, fix the sum to be paid annually for a potentially dangerous dog license and each renewal thereof,

which sum shall not be less than $150 nor more than $700. In the absence of any local ordinance, the fee for all potentially dangerous dog licenses shall be $150. NJ - Licenses - Chapter 19. Dogs, Taxation and Liability for Injuries Caused by NJ ST 4:19-4 This New Jersey statute provides that the collected sum from dog taxes shall be used by a municipality to make good any loss which may be sustained by any person by the destruction or wounding of his sheep, lambs, domestic animals or poultry, except dogs and cats. NJ -Dog Bite - Chapter 19. Dogs, Taxation and Liability for Injuries Caused by NJ ST 4:19-16 This New Jersey statute provides that the owner of any dog that bites a person while such person is on or in a public place, or lawfully on or in a private place, including the property of the owner of the dog, shall be liable for such damages suffered by the person bitten, regardless of the former viciousness of such dog or the owner's knowledge of such viciousness. NM - Dangerous Animal - Chapter 77. Animals and Livestock. NM ST 77-1-10 This New Mexico statute provides that it is unlawful for any person to keep any animal known to be vicious and liable to attack or injure human beings unless such animal is securely kept to prevent injury to any person. It is also unlawful to keep any unvaccinated dog or cat or any animal with any symptom of rabies or to fail or to refuse to destroy vicious animals or unvaccinated dogs or cats with symptoms of rabies. NM - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws NM ST 3-18-3; NM ST 77-1-1 - 20 These statutes comprise New Mexico's dog laws. Among the provisions include municipal powers to regulate dogs, vaccination requirements, and provisions related to dangerous dogs. NM - Property - Chapter 77. Animals and Livestock. NM ST 77-1-1 Dogs, cats and domestic birds are considered personal property in New Mexico. NV - Dangerous Dog - Chapter 202. Crimes Against Public Health and Safety. NV ST 202.500 This Nevada statute defines a "dangerous dog," as a dog, that without provocation, on two separate occasions within 18 months, behaves menacingly to a degree that would lead a reasonable person to defend him or herself against substantial bodily harm, when the dog is either off the premises of its owner or keeper or not confined in a cage or pen. A dog then becomes "vicious" when, without being provoked, it kills or inflicts substantial bodily harm upon a human being. If substantial bodily harm results from an attack by a dog known to be vicious, its owner or keeper is guilty of a category D felony. Under the statute, a dog may not be declared dangerous if it attacks as a defensive act

against a person who was committing or attempting to commit a crime or who provoked the dog. NV - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws NV ST 193.021; NV ST 202.500; NV ST 206.150; NV ST 244.359; NV ST 269.225; NV ST 503.200; NV ST 503.631; NV ST 568.370; NV ST 574.600 - 670; NV ST 575.020 These statutes comprise Nevada's dog laws. Among the provisions include a link to proper care requirements for companion animals, animal control ordinance provisions, and the dangerous dog law among others. NV - Dog Ordinance - Chapter 244. Counties: Government. Health and Safety. NV ST 244.359 This Nevada statute provides that each board of county commissioners may enact and enforce an ordinance related to dogs including licensing, regulating or prohibiting the running at large and disposal of all kinds of animals, establishing a pound, designating an animal as inherently dangerous and requiring the owner of such an animal to obtain a policy of liability insurance, among other things. NV - Property - Chapter 193. General Provisions. NV ST 193.021 Dogs, domestic animals and birds are considered personal property in Nevada. NY - Dangerous animal - 209-cc. Notification of presence of wild animals and dangerous dogs McKinney's General Municipal Law 209-cc New York state law requires anyone in possession of dangerous dogs and dangerous wild animals (which include non-human primates, non-domesticated dogs and cats, bears, venomous, constrictors and python snakes, and certain crocodiles) to report the presence of that animal to the clerk of the city, town, or village in which the animal resides. The report must be filed by April 1st every year and must list all of the physical locations where the animal may be kept. The clerk must then notify all local police, fire, and emergency medical service departments of the presence of that animal. Any person who fails to report the presence may be fined up to $250 dollars for the first offense and $1,000 dollars for each subsequent offense. Zoos and other U.S. Department of Agriculture-licensed exhibitors are exempt from the reporting requirement. NY - Dangerous Dog - Chapter 69. Of the Consolidated Laws. NY AGRI & MKTS 123, 123-a This New York statute provides that statutory penalties for dog bites and the process for declaring a dog "dangerous." Any person who witnesses an attack or threatened attack, or in the case of a minor, an adult acting on behalf of such minor, may make a complaint of an attack or threatened attack upon a person, companion animal, farm animal, or a domestic animal to a dog control officer or police officer of the appropriate municipality. Such officer shall immediately inform the complainant of his or her right to commence a proceeding as provided in subdivision two of this section and, if there is reason to believe the dog is a dangerous dog, the officer shall forthwith commence such proceeding himself or herself. Upon a finding that a dog is dangerous, the judge or

justice may order humane euthanasia or permanent confinement of the dog if one listed aggravating circumstances is established at the judicial hearing. NY - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws McKinney's Agriculture and Markets Law 106 - 127, 331 - 332, 400 - 410; McKinney's ECL 11-0529, 11-0901 - 0928, 11-2117; McKinney's General Business Law 399aa, 751 - 755; McKinney's General Municipal Law 88, 209-cc; McKinney's General Obligations Law 11-107; McKinney's Lien Law 183; McKinney's Public Health Law 1310, 505-a, 2140 - 2146; McKinney's Town Law 130; McKinney's Vehicle and Traffic Law 601 These New York statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include state licensing requirements, the sale of dogs by pet dealers, rabies control laws, and provisions related to dogs and hunting. NY - Impound - Chapter 69. Of the Consolidated Laws. NY AGRI & MKTS 118 This New York law outlines the violations related to licensing of dogs. Any owner who fails to license any dog; fails to have a dog identified as required; knowingly affixes false or improper licensing, including that which identifies it as an assistance dog; fails to confine or restrain his or her dog as required; furnishes false or misleading information in connection with this article; fails to exercise diligence in handling his or her dog, which results in harm to a service dog; commits a violation. It shall be the duty of the dog control officer of any municipality to bring an action against any person who has committed within such municipality any violation of this section. Any municipality may elect either to prosecute such action as a violation under the penal law or to commence an action to recover a civil penalty. OH - Dog - Chapter 955. Dogs (Consolidated dog laws) OH ST 955.01 - 99 This is the Ohio statute that regulates dogs in general, outlining rules and regulations for dog owners. The state leash requirement appears limited to rabies quarantines (Sec. 955.26). It also gives the definition of what is considered a dangerous or vicious dog, the rules and regulations for owners of these dogs, and penalization for breaking these rules. OH - Ordinance - 955.221 County, township, and municipal corporation ordinances to control dogs OH ST 955.221 This Ohio statute provides that a board of county commissioners, board of township trustees, or municipal corporation may adopt and enforce resolutions to control dogs that are not otherwise in conflict with any other provision of the Revised Code. These ordinances or resolutions to control dogs include, but are not limited to, ordinances or resolutions concerned with the ownership, keeping, or harboring of dogs, the restraint of dogs, dogs as public nuisances, and dogs as a threat to public health, safety, and welfare, except that such ordinances or resolutions shall not prohibit the use of any dog

which is lawfully engaged in hunting or training for the purpose of hunting while accompanied by a licensed hunter. OK - Dangerous - 717. Owner of mischievous animal which kills person OK ST T. 21 717 This Oklahoma law states that an owner of a "mischievous animal" who knowing its propensities allows it to go at large or does not exercise ordinary care in keeping it, will be guilty of manslaughter in the second degree if while at large it kills a human. OK - Dangerous dog - 44. Definitions OK ST T. 4 44 This Oklahoma statute provides the definitions related to dangerous dog laws in the state, including dangerous dog, potentially dangerous dog, severe injury, and owner, among others. OK - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws OK ST T. 21 1717 - 1718; OK ST T. 4 41 - 47; 391 - 402; 499 - 499.10; 501 - 602; OK ST T. 29 7-304 These statutes comprise Oklahoma's dog laws. Among the provisions include dog control laws, sterilization provisions for adopted animals, and the use of unclaimed animals in scientific research or experimentation. OK - Dog bite - Oklahoma Dog Bite Laws OK ST T. 4 41 - 47 These statutes comprise Oklahoma's Dangerous Dog Laws. The state imposes strict liability for dog bites; "the owner or owners of any dog shall be liable for damages to the full amount of any damages sustained when his dog, without provocation, bites or injures any person while such person is in or on a place where he has a lawful right to be." Further, any person may lawfully kill a dog who is chasing that person's livestock. An owner of a dog that has been adjudged "dangerous" must register the dog, enclose the dog except when out on a leash with muzzle, and post $50,000 in liability insurance. An owner who does not follow the provisions not only faces the confiscation of his or her dog, but may also be subject to a one-year misdemeanor. OK - Licenses - 22-115. Animals running at large--Regulation and taxation OK ST T. 11 22-115 This Oklahoma statute provides that the municipal governing body may regulate or prohibit animals from running at large. The governing body may also regulate and provide for taxing the owners and harborers of dogs, and authorize the killing of dogs which are found at large in violation of any ordinance regulating the same. OK - Ordinances - 43. Counties over 200,000 population--Regulation and control of dogs running at large--Penalties OK ST T. 4 43 This Oklahoma statute provides that the board of county commissioners of any county with a population of two hundred thousand (200,000) or more may regulate or prohibit the running at large of dogs and may impound and dispose of such dogs. The board of county commissioners may also regulate and provide for taxing the owners and

harborers of dogs, and authorize the humane killing or disposal of dogs, found at large, contrary to any ordinance regulating the same. Any person, firm or corporation who violates any rule or regulation made by such board of county commissioners under the authority of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished as provided by the laws of this state. OR - Animal Definitions - Chapter 87. Statutory Liens. Liens Generally. 87.142. Definitions OR ST 87.142 This is Oregon's statutory definitions for Animal Statutes. OR - Dangerous Dog - 609.155. Impoundment of dogs for harming or chasing livestock; tests to determine fact; costs OR ST 609.155 This Oregon statute provides that, in a county with a dog control program, upon finding a dog engaged in killing, wounding, injuring or chasing livestock or upon receipt from a complainant of evidence that a dog has been so engaged, the dog control officer or other law enforcement officer shall impound the dog. Tests may then be conducted to determine whether there is evidence that the dog committed the offense and then a companion statute provides an opportunity for a hearing on the facts. OR - Dangerous Dog - 609.158. Hearings; notice of determination to owner; reexamination OR ST 609.158 This Oregon statute provides that a hearing may be conducted and a determination whether a dog has killed, wounded, injured or chased livestock may be made by the county governing body or any members thereof, the dog control board or any members thereof or a county hearings officer. OR - Dangerous Dog - 609.162. Guidelines for imposing reasonable measures, civil penalties or other sanctions OR ST 609.162 This Oregon statute provides that if a county determines under ORS 609.156 (2) or after a full and fair hearing that a dog has engaged in killing, wounding, injuring or chasing livestock, the county shall take action in accordance with the listed statutory guidelines. Generally, if the dog has engaged in the chasing behavior previously, but has not killed livestock, the county will take reasonable measures to prevent another incident (pledge from owner, confine the dog, and a civil penalty(fine)). If the dog has previously killed livestock, then the owner may be required to surrender the dog for adoption, remove the dog to an area deemed safe to livestock, or require the dog be put to death. If the dog killed livestock, and has previously killed livestock, the county shall require the dog be removed from a livestock area or be put to death. OR - Dangerous Dog - 609.163. Enhanced penalties for habitual violators OR ST 609.163

This Oregon statute provides enhanced civil penalties (fines) for owners of dogs previously convicted of chasing, injuring, or killing livestock. The owners must have been previously assessed a penalty to receive the enhanced fine. OR - Dangerous Dog - Opportunity of dog owner to request hearing OR ST 609.156 This Oregon statute provides that, prior to making a determination whether a dog has killed, wounded, injured or chased livestock, a county shall provide an opportunity for the dog owner to receive a hearing. This shall be reasonably calculated to ensure that the owner apprise the dog owner of the specific behavior and incident alleged and the possible penalties, and to provide the dog owner with a fair opportunity for making the hearing request. OR - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws OR ST 87.172; OR ST 433.340 - 405; OR ST 609.010 - 994; OR ST 498.102, 106, and 164; OR ST 646A.07 - 077 These Oregon statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include licensing and registration requirements, rabies control laws, and a comprehensive section on damage done by dogs, especially as it concerns the destruction of livestock. OR - Impound - 609.090. Impounding dogs running at large; disposition of chasing, menacing or biting dogs and other dogs; fees; release of dog OR ST 609.090 This Oregon statute provides that when a dog is running at large contrary to state or municipal law, a police or dog control officer shall impound it. Unless claimed by its owner, a dog will be held at least five days if it has a license tag. A "reasonable effort" shall be made to notify the keeper of a dog before the dog is removed from impoundment. This statute also states that, upon finding that the dog has menaced or chased a person when on premises other than the premises occupied exclusively by the keeper or has bitten a person, the dog control board or county governing body may order that the dog be killed in a humane manner. Before ordering that the dog be killed, the board or governing body shall consider the factors described in ORS 609.093 and issue written findings on those factors. A keeper of the dog may also file a petition to prevent the destruction. If the dog is not killed, the board or governing body may impose reasonable restrictions on the keeping of the dog. OR - Licenses - 609.060. Notice by publication of election result; dogs running at large prohibited; violations OR ST 609.060 This Oregon statute provides that if a governing body of a county by ordinance, or a measure approved by the electors in an election prohibits dogs from running at large, the county shall give notice, by publication in a newspaper having a general circulation in the county. If after 60 days from the notice, a keeper violates the running at large ordinance, he or she commits a Class B violation. OR - Ordinances - Application of ORS 609.156, 609.162 and 609.168 (to dog ordinances)

OR ST 609.135 This Oregon statute provides that ORS 609.156, 609.162 and 609.168 (related to hearings, penalties, and reexamination for dogs found to be chasing, worrying, or injuring livestock) apply in every county having a dog control program. It also extends other state dog provisions to counties. PA - Dangerous - 459-507-A. Construction of article (dangerous dogs) PA ST 3 P.S. 459-507-A This Pennsylvania statute provides the construction of the dangerous dog chapter in the state. It outlines the exceptions under the dangerous dog law as well as the enforcement procedure for one who is attacked by such dog. It also specifically states that any provisions of local ordinances relating to dangerous dogs are hereby abrogated. Further, a local ordinance otherwise dealing with dogs may not prohibit or otherwise limit a specific breed of dog. PA - Dog Law - Chapter 8. Dogs (consolidated dog laws) PA ST 3 P.S. 459-101 - 1205; PA ST 3 P.S. 501, 531 - 532, 550 - 551; PA ST 34 Pa.C.S.A. 2381 - 2386; PA ST 34 Pa.C.S.A. 2941 - 2945 These statutes represent Pennsylvania's Dog Law, and contain provisions related to licensing, rabies quarantines, kennels, and the dangerous dog chapter. The significant features of the law include a statewide control requirement for dogs (Section 305) and provisions for "dangerous dogs" (Section 501 et. seq.). Under the latter, any person may kill any dog which he sees in the act of pursuing or wounding or killing any domestic animal, including household pets, or pursuing, wounding or attacking human beings, whether or not such a dog bears a required license tag. There is no liability on such persons in damages or otherwise for such killing. PA - Ordinances - 459-1201. Applicability to cities of the first class, second class, second class A and third class PA ST 3 P.S. 459-1201 This Pennsylvania statute provides that cities of the first and second class are not affected by state dog licensing programs; existing city-level programs remain in effect. With cities of the third class, certain provisions of the state article on dog licensing shall not apply if the city has established a licensing program by ordinance. PR - Ordinances - Municipal regulation of domestic animals PR ST T. 24 651 This Puerto Rico statute confers authority to the municipal councils of Puerto Rico to regulate by ordinance, the running at large of domestic animals, destruction and impounding of such animals, as well as the regulation of muzzling and licensing of dogs. In addition, the councils are given authority to enact all needful ordinances to protect the public health as affected by the running at large of domestic animals. RI - Dangerous Dog - 4-13.1-9. Penalties for violation--Licensing ordinances and fees RI ST 4-13.1-9 This Rhode Island statute provides that a vicious dog may be confiscated by a dog officer and destroyed in an expeditious and humane manner after the expiration of a

five day waiting period if an owner does not secure liability insurance, have his or her dog properly identified, or properly enclose/restrain the dog. If any dog declared vicious under 4-13.1-11, when unprovoked, kills, wounds, or worries or assists in killing or wounding any described animal, the owner shall pay a five hundred fifty dollar fine. The dog officer is empowered to confiscate the dog. The statute further provides that municipalities may enact vicious dog licensing ordinances and provide for impoundment of dogs that violate such ordinances. It also outlines other actions owners of vicious dogs must take, including the posting of vicious dog signs and the maintenance of proper insurance. RI - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws RI ST 4-13-1 - 42; 4-13.1 - 15; 4-19-1 - 21 These statutes comprise Rhode Island's dog laws. Among the provisions include licensing requirements, which are specified by county or town, vicious dog laws, and euthanasia provisions. RI - Licenses - Chapter 19. Animal Care. 4-19-18. Penalties for violations RI ST 4-19-18 This Rhode Island statute provides that violations of 4-19-16, relating to the mandatory spay/neuter agreement from a licensed releasing agency. Violations of the written agreement executed pursuant to 4-19-16 by an adopting party are punishable by a fine of fifty dollars ($50.00) for the first offense, one hundred fifty dollars ($150) for the second offense and four hundred dollars ($400) for the third and subsequent offenses. Second and subsequent offenses may constitute grounds for seizure and forfeiture of the dog or cat. RI - Ordinances - 4-13-1. Regulatory ordinances--Enforcement and penalties RI ST 4-13-1 This Rhode Island statute first provides that city or town councils may make any ordinances concerning dogs in their cities or towns as they deem expedient, to be enforced by the destruction or disposition of the animal, or by pecuniary penalties. It then outlines that specific ordinances that several cities are authorized to enact and what terms must be included. RI - Ordinances - 4-13-1.1. Towns of Portsmouth, West Warwick, and Middletown and city of Woonsocket--Vicious dog ordinance RI ST 4-13-1.1 This Rhode Island statute provides that the town councils of the towns of Portsmouth, West Warwick and Middletown may, by ordinance, provide that the owner or keeper of any dog that assaults any person shall be fined an amount not less than one hundred dollars ($100) nor more than two hundred dollars. The investigation must prove that the dog was off the owner's property or that the assault was the result of owner negligence. It further provides that, in the city of Woonsocket, an owner shall not be declared negligent if an injury is sustained by a person who was committing a trespass or other tort upon the owner's premises or was teasing, tormenting, provoking, abusing or assaulting the dog or was committing or attempting to commit a crime.

RI - Property - Companion Animals/Pets - House Bill 6119 (Rhode Island People Are Guardians of Companion Animals) Rhode Island H.6119 (2001) This Rhode Island bill created the term "guardian" to mean a person who possesses, has title to or an interest in, harbors or has control, custody or possession of an animal and who is responsible for an animal's safety and well-being. In adopting this term, Rhode Island became the first state to recognize that an individual is the guardian of a companion animal (not merely owner). SC - Bite - 47-3-110. Liability of owner or person having dog in his care or keeping. SC ST 47-3-110 This South Carolina statute provides that whenever any person is bitten or otherwise attacked by a dog while the person is in a public place or is lawfully in a private place, including the property of the owner of the dog or other person having the dog in his care or keeping, the owner of the dog or other person having the dog in his care or keeping is liable for the damages suffered by the person bitten or otherwise attacked. If a person provokes a dog into attacking him then the owner of the dog is not liable. SC - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws SC ST 16-13-60; SC ST 23-1-100; SC ST 1-1-655; SC ST 47-3-10 - 970; SC ST 47-5-10 - 210; SC ST 47-7-10 - 170; SC ST 50-11-65, 50-11-770, 50-11-780, and 51-3-145 These statutes comprise South Carolina's state dog laws. Among the provisions include laws concerning damage done by dogs (especially to livestock), rabies control provisions, and registration requirements. SC - Impound - 47-3-750. Seizure and impoundment of dangerous animal. SC ST 47-3-750 This South Carolina statute provides that if an animal control officer has probable cause to believe that a dangerous animal is being harbored or cared for in violation of Section 47-3-720 or 47-3-740 or 47-3-760(E), or Section 47-3-730, the agent or officer may petition the appropriate court to order the seizure and impoundment of the dangerous animal while the trial is pending. SC - Leash - 50-11-780. Dogs engaged in hunting not required to be constrained by leash. SC ST 50-11-780 This South Carolina statute provides that no dog is required to be constrained by a leash while it is actually engaged in hunting game and under supervision. As used in this section "supervision" means that the owner of the dog or his designee is either in the vicinity of the dog or in the process of trying to retrieve the dog. SC - Leash - 51-3-145. Certain acts unlawful at state parks. SC ST 51-3-145 This South Carolina law contains a dog leash provision that states that it is unlawful for any person to bring a dog or any other animal into the park or facility unless it is crated,

caged, or upon a leash not longer than six feet or otherwise under physically restrictive control at all times (see section P). This provision concerns any park or facility under the jurisdiction of the Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism. SC - Ordinances - 47-3-20. Local animal care and control ordinances authorized. SC ST 47-3-20 This South Carolina statute provides that the governing body of each county or municipality in this State may enact ordinances and promulgate regulations for the care and control of dogs, cats, and other animals and to prescribe penalties for violations. SD - Bite - Chapter 40-34. Dog Licenses and Regulation (Vicious Dog Provisions) SD ST 40-34-13 - 15 This South Dakota statute provides that a vicious dog, defined as any dog which, when unprovoked, in a vicious manner approaches in apparent attitude of attack, or bites, or otherwise attacks a human being including a mailman, meter reader, serviceman, etc. who is on private property by reason of permission of the owner, is a public nuisance. However, no dog may be declared vicious if an injury or damage is sustained to any person who was committing a willful trespass or other tort upon premises occupied by the owner or keeper of the dog, or who was teasing, tormenting, abusing or assaulting the dog or was committing or attempting to commit a crime. SD - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws SD ST 9-29-12; SD ST 40-34-1 - 15; SD ST 40-12-1 - 6; SD ST 40--41; SD ST 41-815; SD ST 41-15-14; SD ST 41-17-18.1 These South Dakota statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include licensing requirements, vicious dog laws, and rabies vaccination provisions. SD - Licenses - 40-34-5. Running at large prohibited by county--County license or tax on dogs SD ST 40-34-5 This South Dakota statute provides that the board of county commissioners of each of the counties shall have the power to regulate, restrain or prohibit the running at large of dogs and to impose a license or tax on all dogs not licensed or taxed under municipal ordinance, owned or kept by any person within the county. TN - Dangerous dog - 44-17-120. Death or serious injury; destruction of dogs TN ST 44-17-120 This Tennessee statute provides that any dog which attacks a human and causes death or serious injury may be destroyed upon the order of the circuit court where the attack occurred. The owner shall be given notice that if he or she does not appear before the court within five days and show cause why the dog should not be destroyed, then the order shall issue and the dog shall be destroyed. This statute also allows certain counties to make ordinances to petition a general sessions court to provide for the disposition of dangerous dogs and/or dogs causing death or serious injury to humans or other animals. TN - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws TN ST 44-8-408 - 413; 44-17-101 - 505; TN ST 70-4-118; TN ST 70-5-101

These Tennessee statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include licensing requirements for companion animal dealers, laws concerning damage done by dogs, and the Tennessee Spay/Neuter Law. TN - Impound - Rabies. 68-8-109. Observation; confinement or quarantine. TN ST 68-8-109 This Tennessee statute provides that if any animal has bitten any person, is suspected of having bitten any person or is for any reason suspected of being infected with rabies, the animal may be required to be placed under an observation period either by confinement or by quarantine for a period of time deemed necessary by the commissioner or rules of the department. TX - Dangerous - Subchapter B: Dogs That Are A Danger to Animals TX HEALTH & S 822.011 - 013 Subchapter B prohibits dogs from running at large and enumerates the criminal penalty for such violation. TX - Dangerous - Subchapter D: Dangerous Dogs TX HEALTH & S 822.041 - 047 Chapter 822, Subchapter D addresses dangerous dogs and their treatment, including dog attacks, registration, defenses, violations of the statute. TX - Dangerous - 822.013. Dogs or Coyotes That Attack Animals. TX HEALTH & S 822.013 This Texas statute provides that a dog or coyote that is attacking, is about to attack, or has recently attacked livestock, domestic animals, or fowls may be killed by any person witnessing the attack or the attacked animal's owner or a person acting on behalf of the owner if the owner or person has knowledge of the attack. A person who kills a dog or coyote as provided by this section is not liable for damages to the owner, keeper, or person in control of the dog or coyote. TX - Dangerous - 822.0422. Reporting of Incident in Certain Counties and Municipalities TX HEALTH & S 822.0422 This Texas statute outlines the procedures for reporting a dangerous dog incident in counties with a population of at least 2,800,000 in which an ordinance has been adopted pursuant to this section. It describes the reporting and seizure requirements should an owner fail to turn over an implicated dog. TX - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws TX HEALTH & S 821.076 - 081; 822.001 - 100; 823.001 - 009; 826.001 - 055; 828.001 - 015; TX PARKS & WILD 62.0065; 62.016 These Texas statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include the dangerous dog laws, registration and vaccination requirements, and sterilization laws. TX - Dog Bite - Subchapter A: Dogs That Are A Danger To Persons; Subchapter B. Dogs and Coyotes That Are a Danger to Animals TX HEALTH & S 822.001 - 013

Subchapter A addresses the treatment, seizure, and disposition of dogs that are a danger to people. This subchapter applies to any dog that causes a person's death or serious bodily injury, regardless of provocation or the location in which the incident occurred. TX - Fighting - 42.10. Dog Fighting. TX PENAL 42.10 Texas criminal statute that prohibits dog fighting. Actions ranging from causing a dog to fight with another to attending a dog fight as a spectator are prohibited. To constitute an offense, one must demonstrate the requisite intent of intentionally or knowingly. TX - Impound - 826.033. Restraint, Impoundment, and Disposition of Dogs and Cats. TX HEALTH & S 826.033 This Texas statute provides that a municipality or county may adopt ordinances or rules to require that each dog or cat be restrained by its owner and that any stray dog or cat be declared a public nuisance. Further, it can declare that each unrestrained dog or cat be detained or impounded by the local rabies control authority. Each stray dog or cat be impounded for a period set by ordinance or rule and a humane disposition be made of each unclaimed stray dog or cat upon its expiration. TX - Ordinances - 826.034. Restraint; Criminal Penalty. TX HEALTH & S 826.034 This Texas statute provides that a person commits an offense (Class C misdemeanor) if the person fails or refuses to restrain a dog or cat owned by the person and the animal is required to be restrained under the ordinances or rules adopted under this chapter. TX - Rabies - 826.022. Vaccination; Criminal Penalty. TX HEALTH & S 826.022 This Texas statute provides that a person commits an offense (Class C misdemeanor) if the person fails or refuses to have each dog or cat owned by the person vaccinated against rabies and the animal is required to be vaccinated under applicable state law or local ordinance. TX - Rabies - 826.045. Area Rabies Quarantine. TX HEALTH & S 826.045 This Texas statute outlines the parameters under which a rabies quarantine area may be adopted. If this occurs, it may call for the restraint of carnivorous animals and the transportation of carnivorous animals into and out of the quarantine area. While the quarantine is in effect, the rules adopted by the board supersede all other applicable ordinances or rules applying to the quarantine area. TX - Registration - Subchapter C: Regulation of Dogs TX HEALTH & S 822.021 - 035 Chapter 822, Sections .031 through .035 address the regulation of dogs. Specifically, these provisions cover the registration requirements, prohibit unregistered dogs from running at large, and enumerate the treatment of dogs that attack other domestic animals. US - Civil Rights - Civil Action for Deprivation of Civil Rights 42 U.S.C.A. 1983

This law is the primary means by which a person can bring a violation of a constitutional right. To prevail in a claim under section 1983, the plaintiff must meet two elements: a person subjected the plaintiff to conduct that occurred under color of state law, and this conduct deprived the plaintiff of rights, privileges, or immunities guaranteed under federal law or the U.S. Constitution. The statute provides immunity for persons operating under "color of law" acting in their official capacities. UT - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws UT ST 10-8-65; 4-40-101 - 102; 18-1-1 - 3; 23-17-8 - 9; 23-20-3; 26-6-1 - 15; 26-26-1 - 7; 58-28-601 These Utah statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include municipal pound pet sterilization provisions, rabies control laws, hunting laws that impact dogs, and laws concerning injuries caused by dogs. UT - Dog Bite - Title 18. Dogs. Chapter 1. Injuries by Dogs. UT ST 18-1-1 - 3 This Utah statute provides that every person owning or keeping a dog shall be liable in damages for injury committed by such dog, and it shall not be necessary in any action brought therefor to allege or prove that such dog was of a vicious or mischievous disposition or that the owner or keeper thereof knew that it was vicious or mischievous. This does not apply to dogs used by law enforcement officials. UT - License - 10-8-65. Dogs--License and tax--Destruction, sale or other disposal UT ST 10-8-65 This Utah statute, under the chapter relating the general powers of all cities, provides that cities may license, tax, regulate or prohibit the keeping of dogs, and authorize the destruction, sale or other disposal of the same when at large contrary to ordinance. VA - Dangerous - Dog killing other domestic animals other than livestock or poultry - 3.1-796.117. Repealed by Acts 2006, cc. 837, 864 and 898 VA ST 3.1-796.117 - 3.1-796.117. Repealed by Acts 2006, cc. 837, 864 and 898 This Virginia statute provides that the governing body of any county, city or town, which has not adopted an ordinance pursuant to 3.1-796.93:1, may adopt an ordinance to provide for the confinement of dogs which kill other dogs or domestic animals other than livestock or poultry. VA - Dangerous - 3.2-6540. Control of dangerous or vicious dogs; penalties VA ST 3.2-6540, 6540.1 These Virginia statutes amended in 2013 provide the state's dangerous dog laws. The first law outlines control procedures for a dangerous dog, defined as a canine or canine crossbreed that has bitten, attacked, or inflicted injury on a person or companion animal that is a dog or cat, or killed a companion animal that is a dog or cat.. The new section deals with a "vicious dog," defined as a canine or canine crossbreed that has (i) killed a person, (ii) inflicted serious injury to a person, or (iii) continued to exhibit the behavior that resulted in a previous finding by a court or, on or before July 1, 2006, by an animal

control officer as authorized by ordinance that it is a dangerous dog, provided that its owner has been given notice of that finding. VA - Dangerous - 3.2-6541. Authority to prohibit training of attack dogs VA ST 3.2-6541 This Virginia statute provides that Fairfax County may enact an ordinance that prohibits persons from training dogs on residential property to attack. VA - Dangerous - 3.2-6553. Compensation for livestock and poultry killed by dogs VA ST 3.2-6553 This Virginia statute states that any person who has any livestock or poultry killed or injured by any dog not his or her own shall be entitled to receive the fair market value of such livestock or poultry not to exceed $400 per animal or $10 per fowl, provided that the claimant has furnished evidence, the animal control officer was notified within seventy-two hours after discovery of the damage, and the claimant has exhausted other legal remedies. However, local jurisdictions may by ordinance waive the last two requirements provided that the ordinance adopted requires that the animal control officer has conducted an investigation and that his investigation supports the claim. VA - Dog Breed - Article 11. Hybrid Canines. VA ST 3.2-6581 - 6584 This Virginia section provides three definitions related to hybrid dogs (wolf or coyote crossbreeds), including, adequate confinement, hybrid canine, responsible ownership. The section also allows any locality may, by ordinance, establish a permit system to ensure the adequate confinement and responsible ownership of hybrid canines. Violation of an ordinance enacted pursuant to this section is a Class 3 misdemeanor for the first violation and a Class 1 misdemeanor for any subsequent violation. VA - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws VA ST 3.2-5900 - 6590; 29.1-516.1 These Virginia statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include laws on the sale of dogs, rabies control laws, and sections concerning damage done by dogs. VA - Exotic Pets - Article 11. Hybrid Canines VA ST 3.2-6581 - 6584 This section provides Virginia's hybrid canine laws (registered or described to a veterinarian, animal control, or other listed authority as a wolf or coyote-dog cross) . Under the section, any locality may, by ordinance, establish a permit system to ensure the adequate confinement and responsible ownership of hybrid canines. Violation of an ordinance enacted pursuant to this section is a Class 3 misdemeanor for the first violation and a Class 1 misdemeanor for any subsequent violation. Further, it is the duty of any animal control officer or other officer who may find a hybrid canine in the act of killing or injuring livestock or poultry to kill such hybrid canine forthwith, whether such hybrid canine bears a tag or not. VA - Ordinance - 3.2-6587. Unlawful acts; penalties VA ST 3.2-6587

This Virginia statute describes the unlawful acts related to pets that will constitute Class 4 misdemeanors. Included are furnishing a false license application, failing to pay license tax, violating a leash or rabies ordinance, not disposing of dead companion animals per statute, and improperly concealing a pet. Also, a Class 1 misdemeanor may be imposed for falsely impersonating a humane officer or for falsifying a claim for animal damage. VA - Ordinances - 3.2-6537. Ordinances; penalties (pet shops) VA ST 3.2-6537 This Virginia statute provides that the governing body of any county, city or town may, by local ordinance, require a person operating a pet shop or operating as a dealer in companion animals to obtain a permit. It further outlines the specific requirements the ordinance may provide, including record-keeping and penalties. VA - Ordinances - 3.2-6543. Governing body of any locality may adopt certain ordinances VA ST 3.2-6543 This Virginia statute provides that the governing bodies of counties, cities, and towns of the Commonwealth are hereby authorized to adopt, in their discretion, ordinances which parallel statutory sections dealing with licensing of dogs, taxation, impoundment, and regulation of dangerous dogs. It also provides that nothing in this section shall be construed so as to prevent or restrict any local governing body from adopting local animal control ordinances which are more stringent than the relevant state statutory sections. It further outlines how ordinances may impose civil penalties for violations of the above. VA - Rabies - 3.2-6522. Rabid animals VA ST 3.2-6522 This Virginia statute provides that, when there is sufficient reason to believe that a rabid animal is at large, the governing body of any county, city or town shall have the power to pass an emergency ordinance that shall become effective immediately upon passage, requiring owners of all dogs and cats therein to keep the same confined. It further outlines the steps that must be undertaken pursuant to such an ordinance, including proof of vaccination from pet owners, procedures for impounding and euthanizing suspected infected animals, and procedures relating to an animal biting a person. VA - Rabies - 3.2-6523. Inoculation for rabies at animal shelters VA ST 3.2-6523 This Virginia statute provides that animals at a shelter may be inoculated by a licensed veterinary technician who is under the direct supervision of a veterinarian when an emergency rabies ordinance has been issued by a city or county. VA - Rabies - 3.2-6525. Regulations to prevent spread of rabies VA ST 3.2-6525 This Virginia statute provides that the governing body of any county, city or town may adopt such ordinances, regulations or other measures as may be deemed reasonably necessary to prevent the spread within its boundaries of the disease of rabies, and to regulate and control the running at large within its boundaries of vicious or destructive

dogs. Penalties may be provided for the violation of any such ordinances. The governing body of any county that has adopted the urban county executive form of government may adopt an ordinance creating a program for the distribution of oral rabies vaccine within its boundaries to prevent the spread of rabies. VA - Rabies - 32.1-48.3. Regulations of Commissioner covering local ordinances and requirements VA ST 32.1-48.3 This Virginia statute specifically authorizes preemption of local control in the event of a rabies outbreak. It states that if the governing body of the county or city in which the outbreak exists does not adopt ordinances, regulations and measures to prohibit the running at large of dogs and to prevent the spread of rabies, the State Health Commissioner is authorized to adopt regulations providing for the matters contained in such sections and to enforce the same in the same manner as if they had been specifically adopted by the governing body of the county or city involved. VT - Dogs, Wolf-hybrids - Consolidated Dog Laws VT ST T. 20 3511 - 3513; 3541 - 3817, 3901 - 3915, 4301 - 4304; VT ST T. 10 5001 5007, 4748 These Vermont statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include licensing and control laws for both domestic dogs and wolf-hybrids, laws concerning the sale of dogs, and various wildlife/hunting laws that implicate dogs. VT - Hunting - 4502 Uniform point system; revocation of license. VT ST T. 10 4502 Vermont has a point system for hunting licenses similar to that used for driver's licenses. Certain enumerated violations, including taking bear or deer with dogs, earn points which can result in the suspension or revocation of a hunting license. A game warden may shoot a dog who is pursuing a deer or moose close enough to endanger its life, or a fine may be issued. VT - Lost dog - Article 2. Killing Unlicensed Dogs; Subchapter 5. Control of Rabies VT ST T. 20 3621 - 3626; VT ST T. 20 3806 - 3809 These Vermont statute provide the law for seizure, confinement of, and destruction of dogs and domestic wolf-hybrids. It also includes a warrant form necessary for local authorities to seize and impound an offending dog or wolf-hybrid. VT - Ordinances - 2291. Enumeration of powers (dog ordinances) VT ST T. 24 2291 This Vermont statute provides that, for the purpose of promoting the public health, safety, welfare and convenience, a town, city or incorporated village shall have the power to regulate the keeping of dogs, and to provide for their leashing, muzzling or restraint. WA - Bite, Dog - 16.08.040. Dog bitesLiability and Dangerous dogs and related provisions. WA ST 16.08.010 - WA ST 16.08.100

This Washington statute outlines the state's dangerous dog laws. Under the law, the owner or keeper of any dog shall be liable to the owner of any animal killed or injured by such dog for the amount of damages sustained in a civil action. Further, there is strict liability for the owner of any dog that bites any person while in a public place or lawfully on a private place including the property of the owner of such dog, regardless of the former viciousness of such dog or the owner's knowledge of such viciousness. However, proof of provocation of the attack by the injured person shall be a complete defense to an action for damages. WA - Dangerous Dog - 16.08.070. Dangerous dogs and related definitions WA ST 16.08.070 This Washington statute provides the definitions related to dangerous dogs, including dangerous dog, potentially dangerous dog, severe injury, and owner, among others. WA - Dangerous Dog - 16.08.090. Dangerous dogs--Requirements for restraint WA ST 16.08.090 This Washington statute outlines the state and local provisions related to dangerous or potentially dangerous dogs. It first provides that it is unlawful for an owner of a dangerous dog to permit the dog to be outside the proper enclosure unless the dog is muzzled and restrained by a substantial chain or leash and under physical restraint of a responsible person. Potentially dangerous dogs shall be regulated only by local, municipal, and county ordinances and nothing in this section limits restrictions local jurisdictions may place on owners of potentially dangerous dogs. WA - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws WA ST 4.24.410; 9.08.010 - 90; WA ST 9.91.170 - 175; 16.10.010 - 40; 16.54.010 - 40; 16.70.010 - 60; 36.49.020 - 070; 77.12.315; 77.15.240, 245, 440; 77.32.525; 77.32.540 These Washington statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include vaccination requirements, dog control zones in municipalities, dangerous dog laws, and provisions concerning hunting with dogs. WI - Dangerous dog - 174.11. Claims for damage by dogs to domestic animals including ranch mink WI ST 174.11 This Wisconsin provides that the owner of any domestic animal, including a ranch mink, which is attacked, chased, injured or killed by a dog may, within 3 days after the owner has knowledge or notice thereof, file a written claim for damages with the clerk of the town, village or city in which the damage occurred. A hearing then occurs where witnesses may be subpoenaed under oath, and testimony relative to the claim is taken. The county board shall allow, as the amount of a claim for a domestic animal, including a ranch mink, injured by a dog, the amount determined to be the total of the costs resulting from the injury including a loss in fair market value but the total amount of the claim may not exceed the fair market value. WI - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws WI ST 1.10; 29.184; 29.921; 29.927; 29.971; 169.20 - 36; 173.01 - 40; 174.001 - 15

These Wisconsin statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include dog licensing provisions, hunting laws impacting dogs, and seizure of dogs by humane officers. WI - Dog Bite - Chapter 174. Dogs. 174.12. Actions against owners WI ST 174.12 This Wisconsin statute outlines the allowance procedure by counties for damage done by dogs after a claim is filed and the county sues to recover from the owner of the damaging dog. The claimant shall first be notified that such action is contemplated and shall have been given a reasonable opportunity to be heard and to offer further evidence in support of the claimant's claim. It also provides that this chapter shall not in any way limit the existing right or authority of any town, village or city to pass ordinances for the keeping and regulating of dogs, or repeal or annul any existing statute or ordinance or local regulation governing the keeping and regulating of dogs. WI - Dog, licenses - Chapter 174. Dogs. 174.06. Listing WI ST 174.06 This Wisconsin statute provides that every town, village and city shall annually, by September 1, ascertain by diligent inquiry the dogs owned or kept within the assessment district. The listing official shall enter in the records for personal property assessments, or in a separate record, all dogs in the district subject to tax, to whom they are assessed, the name, number, sex, spayed or unspayed, neutered or unneutered, breed and color of each dog. WV - Dangerous - 19-20-21. License fee for keeping vicious or dangerous dog. WV ST 19-20-9a; 19-20-20 - 21 These West Virginia statutes provide that any person who owns or harbors any dog, cat or other domesticated animal, whether licensed or unlicensed, which bites any person, shall confine and quarantine the animal for a period of ten days for rabies observation. The state apparently has a prohibition against owning a dangerous dog, such that no person shall own, keep or harbor any dog known by him to be vicious, dangerous, or in the habit of biting or attacking other persons, whether or not such dog wears a tag or muzzle. However, another section provides that any person who keeps a dog which is generally considered to be vicious, for the purpose of protection, shall acquire a special license therefor from the county assessor and then keep the dog restrained/enclosed. WV - Dangerous - 20-2-16. Dogs chasing deer WV ST 20-2-16 This West Virginia statute mandates that no person shall permit his dog to hunt or chase deer. A conservation officer shall take into possession any dog known to have hunted or chased deer and the director shall advertise that such dog is in his possession, giving a description of the dog and stating the circumstances under which it was taken. The owner then has ten days to reclaim the dog. If after a bona fide but unsuccessful effort to capture dogs detected chasing or pursuing deer, an officer may kill the offending dogs. WV - Dogs - Consolidated Dog Laws

WV ST 5A-4-4; 7-7-6d; 19-9-1 - 40; 19-20-1 - 25; 19-20A-2 - 8; 19-20B-1 - 6; 20-2-5; 20-2-5f; 20-2-16; 20-2-22a; 20-2-56a These West Virginia statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include registration requirements, rabies control, and hunting laws that impact dogs. WY - Dangerous - Article 1. In General. (Dangerous Dog Provisions) WY ST 11-31-106 - 108 This Wyoming statute provides that every person, firm, copartnership, corporation or company owning any dog, which to his knowledge has killed sheep or other livestock, shall exterminate and destroy the dog. WY - Dog - Consolidated Dog Laws WY ST 6-5-211; 11-31-101 - 108; 11-31-201 - 214; 11-31-301; 15-1-103; 23-3109; 33-30-215 These Wyoming statutes comprise the state's dog laws. Among the provisions include damage done to livestock by dogs, rabies vaccination requirements, and municipal powers to regulate dogs.