1.

Presentation of discrete data through frequency table, and different types of charts

39
78
7
82
81
76
32
96
24
43
99
33

3
57
20
28
74
16
72
16
58
39
89
46

84
52
76
19
86
75
78
66
57
75
87
81

94
87
91
90
63
97
12
38
9
22
50
49

Solution :
Command Used

=frequency(range ,bin range)

Classes Frequency
0-10
9
10-20
11
20-30
13
30-40
12
40-50
11
50-60
12
60-70
11
70-80
13
80-90
16
90-100
12

27
71
11
11
77
85
97
70
84
50
81
78

29
68
15
79
67
53
98
35
10
60
50
50

49
23
95
28
99
12
79
22
46
35
94
65

28
86
33
15
55
7
22
93
56
46
33
30

95
68
7
81
55
8
67
17
70
1
48
61

68
90
81
5
51
23
36
40
26
39
57
55

BAR CHART
90-100
80-90
70-80
60-70
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
0

10

15

20

COLUMN CHART
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0-10

10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100

PIE CHART

0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90
90-100

2. Presentation of data through Multiple line chart, Frequency polygon, Ogive

Data For Multiple line chart

Class
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90
90-100

Solution:

Freq(1) Freq(2)
1
10
2
9
3
8
4
7
5
6
6
5
7
4
8
3
9
2
10
1

Multiple line chart

12
10
8
6

Series1

Series2

2
0

DATA For Frequency Polygon & Ogive

Class
Freq

0-10
29

10-20
79

20-30
54

30-40
19

40-50
35

50-60
96

60-70
95

70-80
65

80-90
69

Frequency Polygon
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

Ogive
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

90-100
36

3. Presentation bivariate of data through Scatter-Plot diagram

X
Y

1
55

2
89

3
15

4
19

5
25

6
97

7
43

Solution:
120

100

80

60
Series1

40

20

0
0

10

12

8
99

9
64

10
80

4. Computation of measures of central tendency (Arithmetic mean, median, mode, harmonic

mean and geometric mean).

5
8
40
29
37
30
41
97
90
32
46
21

76
82
88
72
97
43
89
54
10
94
49
67

27
68
91
24
7
55
26
50
27
93
64
43

29
71
57
30
52
62
61
66
38
60
6
3

26
74
96
27
76
27
43
19
73
27
35
4

60
57
86
72
44
29
42
70
53
55
18
91

19
91
97
62
33
17
30
67
89
74
27
53

33
27
3
77
27
82
11
88
97
34
39
47

76
16
39
68
37
26
49
92
77
35
11
50

Solution:
To Calculate

Formula

Excel Formula

Answer

Total Observation

Number of Observation (N)

=count(range)

108

Arithmetic Mean

1 + 2 + +

=average(range)

50.101

Median

54 + 55
2

=median(range)

48

Mode

Observation with Highest frequency

=mode(range)

27

=geomean(range)

40.22

=harmean(range)

26.27

Geometric Mean

1 . 2

Harmonic Mean

1
1
1
+ +. . . +
1 2

5. Measures of dispersion (Variance, Standard deviation, mean deviation, range, minimum,

maximum, coefficient of variation).

4
59
28
75
42
58
8
95
49
41
76
78

18
40
34
99
82
57
18
76
74
57
77
77

80
45
21
95
24
15
75
24
13
44
66
45

46
5
66
8
42
52
30
14
48
8
71
47

40
51
65
97
79
30
16
72
53
23
44
48

52
55
41
21
7
84
64
98
61
65
12
39

97
53
77
41
75
48
44
90
15
81
53
38

40
20
59
68
24
16
82
46
51
40
33
39

37
98
98
54
35
45
47
3
77
5
59
54

92
75
90
34
19
55
3
63
69
82
48
43

Solution:
To Calculate

Formula

Excel Formula

Answer

Total Observation (N)

Number of Observation

=count(range)

120

Arithmetic Mean ( )

1 + 2 + +

=average(range)

50.31667

=varp(range)

668.7664

=stdevp(range)

25.86052

Create table | |
=Sum(range)/Cell(N)

21.24389

51.39553

Variance

Standard Deviation ()

Mean Deviation

=1

=1

| |
=1

Coefficient Variance

100

= (Cell()/Cell( ))*100

Maximum

Maximum Observation

=max(range)

Minimum

Minimum Observation

=min(range)

99
3

(Maximum Observation) - (Minimum

Observation)

Range

=max(range) -min(range)

96

Table | |
46.31667 32.31667 29.68333 4.316667 10.31667 1.683333 46.68333
8.683333 10.31667 5.316667 45.31667 0.683333 4.683333 2.683333
22.31667 16.31667 29.31667 15.68333 14.68333 9.316667 26.68333
24.68333 48.68333 44.68333 42.31667 46.68333 29.31667 9.316667
8.316667 31.68333 26.31667 8.316667 28.68333 43.31667 24.68333
7.683333 6.683333 35.31667 1.683333 20.31667 33.68333 2.316667
42.31667 32.31667 24.68333 20.31667 34.31667 13.68333 6.316667
44.68333 25.68333 26.31667 36.31667 21.68333 47.68333 39.68333
1.316667 23.68333 37.31667 2.316667 2.683333 10.68333 35.31667
9.316667 6.683333 6.316667 42.31667 27.31667 14.68333 30.68333
25.68333 26.68333 15.68333 20.68333 6.316667 38.31667 2.683333
27.68333 26.68333 5.316667 3.316667 2.316667 11.31667 12.31667
6. Calculation of first four raw and central moments through formula-bar

X
Frequency

1
21

2
34

3
45

4
54

fx^3
21
272
1215
3456
8125
9504
12691
10240
13122
12000
70646

fx^4
21
544
3645
13824
40625
57024
88837
81920
118098
120000
524538

5
65

6
44

10.31667
30.31667
8.683333
17.68333
26.31667
34.31667
31.68333
4.316667
0.683333
10.31667
17.31667
11.31667

7
37

13.31667
47.68333
47.68333
3.683333
15.31667
5.316667
3.316667
47.31667
26.68333
45.31667
8.683333
3.683333

8
20

9
18

41.68333
24.68333
39.68333
16.31667
31.31667
4.683333
47.31667
12.68333
18.68333
31.68333
2.316667
7.316667

10
12

Solution
M=

x
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
SUM

=1

f
21
34
45
54
65
44
37
20
18
12
350

1730
350

fx
21
68
135
216
325
264
259
160
162
120
1730

= 4.9429
fx^2
21
136
405
864
1625
1584
1813
1280
1458
1200
10386

f(x-M)
-82.80000
-100.05714
-87.42857
-50.91429
3.71429
46.51429
76.11429
61.14286
73.02857
60.68571
0.000

f(x-M)^2
326.4686
294.4539
169.8612
48.0049
0.212245
49.17224
156.578
186.9224
296.2873
306.8963
1834.857

f(x-M)^3
-1287.218939
-866.5356968
-330.0160933
-45.26176093
0.01212828
51.98208746
322.1032303
571.4486297
1202.080093
1552.018566
1170.612

f(x-M)^4
5075.320387
2550.090765
641.1741241
42.67537459
0.000693045
54.95249246
662.6123595
1747.000097
4877.010664
7848.779603
23499.617

Raw Moments
1

'1 =

=1

1730
350

'2 =

2
=1

'3 =

3
=1

'4 =

4 524538
=1 = 350

= 4.9429

10386

350
70646

350

= 29.67429
= 201.8457
= 1498.68

Central Moments
1

1 =
2 =

=1

=1

( ) =

( )2 =

0
350

=0

1834 .857

350

3 =

=1

( )3 =

4 =

=1

( )4 =

= 5.242449

1170 .612

350

23499.617

350

= 3.344606414
= 67.1417616

7. Measure of skewness and kurtosis

X
F

1
9

2
16

f
9
16
42
50
72
46
37
15
10
3
300

fixi
9.000
32.000
126.000
200.000
360.000
276.000
259.000
120.000
90.000
30.000
1502

3
42

4
50

5
72

6
46

7
37

Solution
X
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
SUM

fi(x-M)
-36.060
-48.107
-84.280
-50.333
-0.480
45.693
73.753
44.900
39.933
14.980
0.000

fi(x-M)^2
144.480
144.641
169.122
50.669
0.003
45.389
147.015
134.401
159.467
74.800
1069.987

fi(x-M)^3
-578.885
-434.886
-339.371
-51.007
0.000
45.086
293.050
402.306
636.805
373.502
346.600

fi(x-M)^4
2319.398
1307.558
681.005
51.347
0.000
44.786
584.146
1204.236
2542.976
1865.020
10600.472

8
15

9
10

10
3

M=

=1

1502

= 5.007

300

Central Moments
1

1 =
1

2 =

=1

=1

( ) = 300 = 0

( )2 =

1069.987

300

3 =

=1

( )3 =

4 =

=1

( )4 =

346.600

300

= 3.567
= 1.155

10600 .472

300

= 35.335

Skewness and Kurtosis

1 =

32
23

2 =

4
22

= 3.567 2 = 2.778

1.155 2
3.567 3

= 0.029

35.335

= 1 = 0.029 = 0.172
= 2 - 3 = 2.778 -3 = -0.222
8. Fitting of binomial distribution and graphical representation of probabilities

x
f

0
12

1
19

Solution
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

f
12
19
27
32
45
38
32
24
15

fx
0
19
54
96
180
190
192
168
120

2
27

3
32

4
45

5
38

6
32

7
24

8
15

9
6

9
SUM

6
250

Mean =

=1

54
1073

1073
250

= 4.292

Since: n.p = mean and where n = 9

=> n.p = 4.292
=> p = 0.476889
Using function =BINOMDIST(number_s ,trials ,probability_s ,cumulative) create column P(X=x) and
multiply N with it to create another column N*P(X=x)
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
SUM

P(X=x)
N*P(X=x)
0.002933226
1
0.024066408
6
0.087759577
22
0.186678613
47
0.25527547
64
0.232719269
58
0.141437426
35
0.055259992
14
0.012594301
3
0.001275718
0
1
250

Graphical Representation of expected Probability of Binomial distribution

0.300
0.250
0.200
0.150
0.100
0.050
0.000
0

9. Fitting of Poisson distribution and graphical representation of probabilities

x
f

0
12

1
27

f
12
27
52
32
25
20
15
9
7
1
200

fx
0
27
104
96
100
100
90
63
56
9
645

Solution
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
SUM

Mean =

=1

Since: = mean

645

200

= 3.225

2
52

3
32

4
25

5
20

6
15

7
9

8
7

9
1

=> = 4.292
Using function =POISSON(x, mean, cumulative) create column P(X=x) and multiply N with it to create
another column N*P(X=x)
x
P(X=x) N*P(X=x)
0
0.039756 7.951156
1
0.128212 25.64248
2
0.206742 41.3485
3
0.222248 44.44963
4
0.179188 35.83752
5
0.115576 23.1152
6
0.062122 12.42442
7
0.028621 5.724108
8
0.011538 2.307531
9
0.004134 0.826865
1
200
SUM
Graphical Representation of expected Probability of Poisson distribution

0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0

10. Fitting of Normal distribution and graphical representation of probabilities (expected normal
frequencies)

Classes

30-40

40-50

50-60

60-70

70-80

80-90

90-100

41

68

92

141

x
35
45
55
65
75
85
95
SUM

f
41
68
92
141
136
71
35
584

fx
1435
3060
5060
9165
10200
6035
3325
38280

fx^2
50225
137700
278300
595725
765000
512975
315875
2655800

136

71

35

Solution
Class
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90
90-100

Mean = =

=1

Standard Deviation =

=
1

38280
584

=1

= 65.54795
2

2655800
584

65.54795

= 15.84518

=> = 65.54795 ; = 15.84518

Using function =NORMDIST(x ,mean ,standard_dev ,cumulative) create column P(X<=x) and create
column Probability and Expected Frequency using P(X<=x)

X
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

P(X<=x)
0.012434
0.053443
0.163237
0.363119
0.610634
0.819136
0.938607
0.985158

Class
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90
90-100

Probability
0.04100934
0.10979375
0.199882
0.24751533
0.20850231
0.11947071
0.04655125

Expected
Frequency
4
11
20
25
21
12
5

Graphical Representation of expected Probability of Normal distribution

0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
30-40

40-50

50-60

60-70

70-80

80-90

90-100

11. Calculation of cumulative distribution function for Normal distribution

Classes
f

0-10
31

10-20
25

20-30
45

30-40
78

x
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
85
95
SUM

f
31
25
45
78
85
65
51
24
12
5
421

fx
155
375
1125
2730
3825
3575
3315
1800
1020
475
18395

fx^2
775
5625
28125
95550
172125
196625
215475
135000
86700
45125
981125

40-50
85

50-60
65

60-70
51

Solution
Class
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90
90-100

Mean = =

=1

Standard Deviation =

=
1

18395
421

=1

= 43.69359

981125
421

43.69359

= 20.52641

70-80
24

80-90
12

90-100
5

=> = 43.69359 ; = 20.52641

Using function =NORMDIST(x ,mean ,standard_dev ,cumulative) create column P(X<=x)
Cumulative Distribution for Normal Distribution
X
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

P(X<=x)
0.0166
0.0503
0.1242
0.2523
0.4286
0.6207
0.7865
0.9000
0.9615
0.9880
0.9970

12. Fitting of Exponential distribution and graphical representation of probabilities

Classes
f

0-10
5

10-20
7

20-30
22

x
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
85
95
SUM

f
5
7
22
25
18
8
7
5
2
1
100

fx
25
105
550
875
810
440
455
375
170
95
3900

Solution
Class
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90
90-100

30-40
25

40-50
18

50-60
8

60-70
7

70-80
5

80-90
2

90-100
1

Mean = =

=1

3900
100

= 39

Since: Mean =

=> = = 0.025641
Using function =EXPONDIST(x,lambda, cumulative) create column P(X<=x) and create column
Probability and Expected Frequency using P(X<=x)
Expected
X
P(X<=x)
Class
Probability
Frequency
0
0.0000
0-10
0.2262
23
10
0.2262
10-20
0.1750
18
20
0.4012
20-30
0.1354
14
30
0.5366
30-40
0.1048
10
40
0.6414
40-50
0.0811
8
50
0.7225
50-60
0.0628
6
60
0.7853
60-70
0.0486
5
70
0.8339
70-80
0.0376
4
80
0.8714
80-90
0.0291
3
90
0.9005
90-100
0.0225
2
100
0.9230
Graphical Representation of expected Probability of Exponential distribution

0.2500
0.2000
0.1500
0.1000
0.0500
0.0000
0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100