Antennas and Propagation (Assignment-II) 1.

A horizontal infinitesimal electric dipole of constant current is placed symmetrically about the origin and directed along the x-axis. Derive the a) Far zone fields radiated by the dipole. b) Directivity of the antenna 1b) Repeat this problem for a horizontal infinitesimal dipole directed along the y-axis. 2. An infinitesimal magnetic dipole of constant current and length is symmetrically placed about the origin along the z-axis. Determine, a) Spherical E and H field components radiated by the dipole in all space. b) Directivity of the antenna. 3. For an antenna of maximum linear dimension D, determine the inner and outer boundaries of the Fresnel region so that the maximum phase error does not exceed a) radians b) radians c) d) is given by

4. The current distribution on a terminated and matched long linear antenna of length where is a constant. Derive expressions for

a) Far zone spherical electrical and magnetic field components. b) Radiation power density. 5. A thin linear dipole of length is placed symmetrically about the z-axis. Find the far-zone spherical electric and magnetic components radiated by the dipole whose current distribution can be approximated by a)

b) ( 6. A center fed electric dipole of length is attached to a balanced lossless transmission line whose characteristic impedance is 50 ohms. Assuming the dipole is resonant at the given length, find the input VSWR when a) b) c) . 7. The radiation field of a particular antenna is given by,

The values of and depend on the antenna geometry. Obtain an expression for the radiation resistance. Determine the polarization of the antenna. 8. Determine the far zone electric and magnetic fields radiated by a magnetic dipole of length aligned with the z-axis. Assume a sinusoidal current with maximum value .

9. A center fed electric dipole of length `l is attached to a balanced loss less transmission line whose characteristic impedance is 50 ohms. Assuming the dipole to be resonant at the given length, find the input VSWR when a) 10. A resonant center-fed dipole is connected to q 50-ohm line. It is desired to maintain the input VSWR=2. a) What should be the largest input resistance of the dipole to maintain VSWR=2? b) What should be the length (in wavelengths) of the dipole to meet the specification? c) What is the radiation resistance of the dipole? 11. Determine the smallest height that an infinitesimal vertical electric dipole of length must be placed above the ground plane so that its pattern has only one null (aside from the null towards the vertical), and it occurs at from the vertical. For that height, find the directivity and radiation resistance. 12. A very short vertical electric dipole is mounted at a height `h above the ground, which is assumed to be flat, perfectly conducting and of infinite extent. The dipole is used as a transmitting antenna in a VHF ( ground-to-air communication system. In order for the communication system transmitting antenna not to interfere with a nearby radio station, it is necessary to place a null in the vertical dipole system at an angle of with the vertical. What should be the shortest height (in meters) of the dipole to achieve the desired specifications? 13. Write the fields of an infinitesimal linear magnetic dipole of constant current length positioned along the z-axis. Use the fields of an infinitesimal dipole ( as determined for an infinitesimal electric dipole and apply the principle of duality. Compare these results with the fields obtained for a small electric loop. 14. Design a loss less resonant circular loop operating at 10 Mhz so that its single turn radiation resistance is 0.73 ohms. The resonant loop is to be connected to a balanced ``twin-wire 300ohm transmission line. a) Determine the radius of the loop in meters and wavelengths. b) Closest integer number of turns the loop must have to minimize the reflections at the loop transmission line interface. c) For the loop of part b), determine the maximum power that can be expected to be delivered to a matched load if the incident wave is polarization matched to the loss less resonant loop. The power density of the wave is 15. A very small circular loop of radius and constant current is symmetrically placed about the origin at and with the plane of its area parallel to the y-z plane. Find the a) Spherical E and H-field components radiated by the loop in the far zone. b) Directivity of the antenna. 16. Three isotropic sources with a spacing `d between them, are placed along the z-axis. The excitation coefficient of each outside element is unity while that of the center element is 2. For spacing of between the elements, find the

a) array factor b) angles (in degrees) where the nulls and the maxima of the pattern occur. 17. A three element array of isotropic elements has the following phase and magnitude relationships: Element -1 (top element):-1, Element -2 (middle element):-j, Element -3 (bottom element):+1 (elements are arranged along z axis). a) Find the array factor b) Find all the nulls. 18. Repeat the above problem when the excitation coefficients for the three elements are respectively +1, +j and j. 19. Show that in order for a uniform array of N elements not to have any minor lobes, the spacing and the progressive phase shift between the elements must be a) b) for a broad side array. for an ordinary end-fire array. between the elements does not

20. Show that a three element binomial array with a spacing of

have a side lobe. 21. Five isotropic sources are placed symmetrically placed along the z-axis, each separated from its neighbor by an electrical distance . For a binomial array, find the a) excitation coefficients b) array factor 22. Design a four element -40 dB side lobe level Dolph-Tschebyscheff array of isotropic elements placed symmetrically about the z-axis. Find the a) amplitude excitation coefficients b) array factor c) angles where the nulls occur for . 23. Repeat the design of problem 22. For a six element -20 dB Dolph-Tschebyscheff array. 24. Design a element uniform planar array so that the main maximum is directed along = . For a spacing of between th elements, find the a) Progressive phase shift between the elements in the x and y directions. b) Directivity of the array. c) half-power beam-widths (in two perpendicular planes) of the array.