BACKGROUND

Electrical energy is one of the most important needs for today. The supply of electrical energy is depends on the electric power transmission and distribution (T&D) and for which the Substation is one of the most important part. To ensure the proper supply of electricity, the functions at substation level is the key for all. But the task for ensuring the proper function of substation is very complex in nature and is also very difficult to be handle manually. Hence for a better control Substation Automation (SA) is a much better alternative. Having the background of the concept of power system and its analysis a theoretical electrical engineer needs to know about the concept of substation, its basic function and the automation in substation. These entire concepts are required for getting the understanding of Substation Automation System (SAS). The Substation Automation System (SAS) is also known as Digital Control System (DCS) and it is used for easy control in the substation. There is always a well defined role for the substation in the main grid and for the substation automation the role of it in substation is also well defined. The benefits of the substation automation in today scenario can be easily observed and justified by giving practical examples. The knowledge of its functions and working help us to find the various solution and by this we can get an idea of what it is all about. There are various function that are performed by Substation Automation System and the knowledge of all these functions help us to understand and implement the SA in a much better way. The entire concept related to SA is used in industries in some way or the other. There might be the different terminologies used in different industries related to these concept but the basic concept will remain same. These concept start with the Datapoint, which tells the form of Data in the substation, it can be measurement , status, or control and these datapoints are processed according to the need. One of the major task of SA is monitoring, supervision, control and protection. For this SA uses Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition system (SCADA). The Substation Automation in its own is very vast hence it is divided into various levels for easy understanding of the process flow. The hardware units that are involved in this process, esp. that of Schneider Electric are the Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) and its components. The RTU used by Schneider electric is C264.

All the devices in SA works on specific standard protocol like IEC 61850, MODBUS, T101, T104, T103, DNP3 etc. The platform/tools used by the Schneider electric is PACIS which means protection, automation, control integrated solutions. To understand the basics of the SA and how SA is implemented in Schneider Electric should be start with the electrical network & its working and then definition of substation and terminologies used in it. The knowledge of the devices in the used in the substation and their working, symbols used measurement process by CT/VT etc will develop the deep understanding about the process that are taking place in substation. For the further understanding of the components in the SA the terminologies like substation, voltage level, bay, module, and datapoint are used. The datapoints are the basic electrical part there are various type of Data point like Single Point Status(SPS), Double Point Status(DPS), Single Point control(SPC), Double Point control(DPC), measurement value(MV) , counters and various type of indicators etc. The use of these datapoint differs according to the condition and requirements. In the R&D department of the Schneider Electric, there is a specified process and a specific way in which the problem is tacked and the interface of different department with the R&D. The process flow and workflow taken place when new delivery comes. In this department there is a special concept of Change Request(CR)and Fault Report (FR) and the main work is carried out on these CRs and FRs in the R&D. As the main platform used here is PACIS so it is needed to understand this one. The devices and tools used in the PACIS are hardware devices like C264, switches etc. and the software tools are SCE(System Configuration Editor), SMT(System Management Tool), OI(Operator Interface),GTW(Gateway) etc. These PACIS components are used for the proper functioning and implementation of the SAS. The communication is build between the different part of the Substation Automation components using standard protocol and various type of BUS at different level. The concept of tele BUS(T BUS) ,Station Bus(SBUS) and the Legacy bus(LBUS ) , all these are used at different level and according to the specific area. The RTU of Schneider i.e. C264 contain various boards and interface units for the measurement, interface, computation, input and output operations. The C264 can also be used as an

interfacing device, as a IED (intelligent electronic device) etc. Its inbuilt HMI and alarm allow easy control and interface. The SCADA is the HMI of the whole system, this hmi can be designed and configured as per requirement and then the controls and its behavior can also be modified in this way also. The OI tool and the SCE in the PACiS help us in achieving this one. The SCADA used the data transmission and this one is done via help of Bus and the various protocols involved in this. The most widely used is the IEC 61850 protocol. In every case there is some specific type of inputs, outputs, measurement and control sequence involved in the process. There is also some predefined logic base for the particular algorithm to work, for this interlocking, slow automation, fast automation, PSL logic extra are provided. This logic work on the devices like IEDs. Furthermore the logic can be built for the built in automation. These built in automation are not like that is already built and can be used directly as generally inferred from its name but it is more complex that. It involves the designing, logic making, and the defining these in such a way that it represents and use for the required functionality. These are synchrocheck, autoreclosure, AVR, ATCC etc. For managing this RTU (in SE it is C264) in Schneider the tool used is CAT (computer administrative tool). This manages the database in the RTU, gives the board status also, IED status monitoring, Database Management and setting the RTU, event log management and boot install the C264. PACiS SMT is System Management Tool which is used for the downloading and managing the database for all the component used in a system. The Gateway is like a routing element in the network and is used for Gets process data, Transmits data to Remote Control Point (SCADA),Receives controls from Remote Control Point (SCADA), Sends controls to SBUS devices. The SCE is a System Configuration Editor is a tool for the creation of the database , it configures all the component of the system in a defined manner and also creates relation between different datapoints.
System configuration editor is an essential tool for the initial database design and also for the evolution of the system throughout its lifetime. Its purpose is to provide a consistent set of information references distributed within the various components of the system. PACiS System Configuration Editor (SCE) provides an extremely efficient way to create a database.

For the protection purpose automation functions like autorecloser, AVR, transformer tap control, synchrochecks, etc are used. These component are used a basic automation components/ function in every bay controller unit of the substation. The practical testing, result, and observation out of these tests and finally the conclusions and then key learning that results out of the whole training. These entire things are going to be discussed in this report in details.