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ACI 318-08 Example 002 - 1
ACI 318-08 Example 002

P-M INTERACTION CHECK FOR COMPRESSION-CONTROLLED RECTANGULAR COLUMN
EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
The Demand/Capacity ratio for a given axial loading and moment is tested in this
example.
A reinforced concrete column is subjected factored axial load Pu = 398.4 k and
moments Muy = 332 k-ft. This column is reinforced with 4 #9 bars. The total area
of reinforcement is 8.00 in
2
. The design capacity ratio is checked by hand
calculations and result is compared.

GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING
Pu=398.4 kips




















Material Properties
E = 3600 k/in
2
= 0.2
G = 1500 k/in
2





Section Properties Design Properties
fc = 4 k/in
2
fy = 60 k/in
2

b = 14 in
d = 19.5 in


A
10
Section A-A
14"
2.5"
22"
A
Muy=332k-ft

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ACI 318-08 Example 002 - 2
TECHNICAL FEATURES TESTED
Tied Reinforced Concrete Column Demand/Capacity Ratio

RESULTS COMPARISON
Independent results are hand calculated and compared.
Output Parameter SAP2000 Independent
Percent
Difference
Column Demand/Capacity Ratio 1.000

1.00 0.00%
COMPUTER FILE: ACI 318-08 Ex002
CONCLUSION
The computed results show an exact match with the independent results.
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ACI 318-08 Example 002 - 3
HAND CALCULATION
COLUMN STRENGTH UNDER COMPRESSION CONTROL

fc = 4 ksi fy = 60 ksi
b = 14 inch d = 19.5 inch
Pu = 398.4 kips Mu = 332 k-ft

1) Because e = 10 inch < (2/3)d = 13 inch., assume compression failure. This assumption will be
checked later. Calculate the distance to the neutral axis for a balanced condition, cb:

Position of neutral axis at balance condition:

( )
87 87
= = 19.5 =11.54
87 + 87 +60
b t
y
c d
f
inch

2) From the equation of equilibrium:

= +
n c s
P C C T
where
= 0.85 = 0.85 4 14 = 47.6 - -
'
c c
C f ab a a
( ) ( ) = - 0.85 = 4 60- 0.85 4 = 226.4 -
' '
s s y c
C A f f kips
Assume compression steels yields, (this assumption will be checked later).
( )
4
s s s s y
T = A f = f f < f
= 47.6 +226.4- 4
n s
P a f (Eqn. 1)

3) Taking moments about As:


( )
1
=
2
( | |
+
| (
\ .
'
n c s '
a
P C d - C d - d
e

The plastic centroid is at the center of the section and
"
d = 8.5 inch
=10 +8.5 =18.5
' "
e =e+d inch.
( )
1
= 47.6 19.5 226.4 19.5- 2.5
2
( | |
+
| (
\ .
n
a
P a -
18.5

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ACI 318-08 Example 002 - 4

2
= 50.17 1.29 +208
n
P a - a (Eqn. 2)

4) Assume c = 13.45 inch, which exceed cb (11.54 inch).

= 0.85 13.45 =11.43 - a inch

Substitute in Eqn. 2:
( )
2
= 50.17 11.43 1.29 11.43 + 208 = 612.9 - -
n
P - kips

5) Calculate fs from the strain diagram when c = 13.45 inch.


19.5-13.45
= 87 = 39.13
13.45
| |
|
\ .
s
f ksi
=
s t s s
= f E = 0.00135

6) Substitute a = 13.45 inch and fs = 39.13 ksi in Eqn. 1 to calculate Pn2:
( ) ( ) = 47.6 11.43 +226.4- 4 39.13 613.9 =
n2
P kips
Which is very close to the calculated Pn2 of 612.9 kips (less than 1% difference)
10
= 612.9 510.8
12
| |
=
|
\ .
n n
M = Pe kips-ft

7) Check if compression steels yield. From strain diagram,
( )
13.45- 2.5
= 0.003 = 0.00244 > 0.00207
13.45
c
| |
=
|
\ .
'
s y
ksi
Compression steels yields, as assumed.

8) Calculate | ,
= =19.5
t
d d inch, c = 13.45 inch
c
t
(at the tension reinforcement level) =
19.45-13.45
0.003 = 0.00135
13.45
| |
|
\ .


Since 0.002 c <
t
, then | = 0.65

( ) = 0.65 612.9 398.4
n
P | = kips
( ) = 0.65 510.8 332 | =
n
M k-ft.