Tutorial TheRoboticsClubSNIST

2011

Wireless Remote Control Using RF (Radio Frequency)

The present radio frequency wireless remote control is made by using TWS434 (transmitter), RWS434 (receiver), HT640 (encoder), HT648L (decoder) and other passive components. For any signal transmission we need a transmitter to transmit the signal. To code the required data on the transmitting signal we need a coder. So we use an encoder to code the data on the signal. An encoder codes data and sends to the transmitter which transmits the signal. To receive the transmitted signal we need a receiver. Since the data is in coded form in the received signal (the signal transmitted from the transmitter) we need to decode the encoded signal. So we use a decoder to decode the encoded signal to get the required output. The sequence is:

The functioning of various components is described below:

Encoder:
To code data on our signal we use an encoder. An encoder is a device used to change data to a code. In the present wireless system the encoder used is HT640. HT640 is capable of encoding 18 bits of information.

The pins (A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, and A9) are called address pins. They are input pins to select our required address in the transmitting signal.

What is Address?

Tutorial TheRoboticsClubSNIST

2011

Address is a combination of bits. These combinations of bits are called address bits. Address bits are selected using address pins. Address bits are used to distinguish the signal. Ex: If 100100100110101010 is the coded information then from first in the code 1001001001 is the address and 10101010 are the data (the above information is valid if we use a decoder of 10 address and 8 data else if the decoder is of 14 address and 4 data it will take 10010010011010 as address and 1010 as data). So if two signals have the same data then the two signals can be distinguished by using address i.e. if two signals contain the same data 10101010 ,to distinguish them we use address pins. The addresses can be externally set to VDD or Vss i.e., binary 1 or 0. The pins (AD10, AD11, AD12, AD13, AD14, AD15, AD16 and AD17) are input pins for either address or data. These pins can be used to set either address or data. They can be externally set to VDD or Vss. VDD is positive power supply. For any IC to work we need some power. So VDD is the positive power supply given to the IC to work. It ranges from 2.4 to 12 Volts.VSS is negative power supply or ground. TE is transmission enable pin. We enable this pin by setting it to VDD. It is like a switch. If we enable it the coding will start else the coding will not start i.e. the encoder will be active if we enable this TE pin. DOUT is Encoder data serial transmission output. It gives the coded output for the given input.

TWS434: It uses 433.92 MHZ frequency to transmit the signal. It transmits 18 bits of information in which first
N bits are address bits and remaining (18-N) bits are data bits.

The first pin is ground, second pin data input pin i.e. input from encoder output, pin 3 is positive power supply pin (VCC) and the fourth pin is RF output i.e. the signal will be sent from this pin. (We can use an antenna for long ranges and better results). The range of TWS434 is approximately 50mts. NOTE: The pins VDD, VSS, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, OSC1 and OSC2 work in the same fashion for both encoder and decoder

Transmitter Flowchart:

Tutorial TheRoboticsClubSNIST

2011

TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT:

In the above circuit all the address pins are connected to ground. So the address is 00000000 and the data can be selected by connecting the data pins to +5v.

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RWS434:

2011

Pin 2 will be connected to the DIN pin of the decoder.

Receiver Flowchart:

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Decoder:

2011

The signal received by the receiver will be transmitted to decoder through DIN pin. The Decoder will check the address of the signal received and the address of the decoder set using the addresses pins of the decoder twice. If the addresses match then the decoder will transmit the output through Data pins. Like encoder the decoder did not have address or data pins because the decoder will receive a signal which is already coded with address and data. So it will check the address and if the address matches it will transmit data. VT is valid transmission.

Receiver Circuit:

Tutorial TheRoboticsClubSNIST

2011

Here all the address pins are set to ground. So the address will be 0000000000 which is same as the address of the encoder and the data from the encoder will be transmitted out from D0, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, and D7. ENTIRE CITCUIT:

OSC1 & OSC2:

Tutorial TheRoboticsClubSNIST

2011

The oscillator frequency can be externally set by connecting a resistor across OSC1 and OSC2 pins. The above graph shows the oscillator frequency Vs supply voltage and resistance (Rosc).If the resistance across pins OSC1 and OSC2 is 330kilo ohms then the oscillatory frequency will be approximately 100KHZ.

The recommended oscillator frequency is 100KHZ for Rosc equal to 330kilo ohms.
Appendix AM is amplitude modulation. Audio frequencies (20HZ to 20 kHz) are not capable of transmit signal to long distances. Amplitude modulation is superimposing our signal on a carrier wave which can travel long distances. The carrier wave will be of high frequency (few 100 MHZ).