Bi tp ln i s tuyn tnh -2013

Hnh thc nh gi

1.1

Phn 1: Lp trnh 2 cu (5im)

.
Chy c chng trnh: 3 im.
Hi cc lnh trong chng trnh: 2 im.

1.2

Phn 2: Gii bi ton c th bng cc lnh matlab trn Command window.

(5 im)

Phn lm 2 phn
3 cu loi 1: mi cu 1 im
1 cu loi 2: 2 im (cho lm trong 5pht, chm theo mc hon thin cng vic).

Bi tp lp trnh

ti 1
1. Nhp vo ma trn A. Kim tra xem A c vung hay khng? Nu c, dng lnh rref tm
ma trn nghch o. Khng c dng bt c lnh no tnh trc tip ma trn nghch o.
2. Nhp vo mt h vc t dng ma trn ct. Kim tra xem h vc t c c lp tuyn tnh
hay khng? Nu c, dng cng thc Gram-smith trc chun h vc t. Dng lnh norm v
dot tnh di v tch v hng ca 2 vc t. Khng c dng lnh qr.

ti 2
1. Nhp 2 h vc t E, F di dng ma trn ct, vung cp n. Xt xem 2 h vc t c l c s
hay khng? Nu c, nhp ma trn ca axtt f trong c s E v tm ma trn ca f trong c
s F .
2. Nhp vo ma trn A. Kim tra A c vung v i xng hay khng? Nu c, tnh cc cc nh
thc con chnh ca A v suy ra A c xc nh dng hay m : nu cc nh thc con chnh
dng th A xc nh dng; nu cc nh thc con l m v chn dng th A xc nh m;
trng hp cn li khng kt lun c g.

ti 3
1. Nhp 2 ma trn A, B. Kim tra iu kin ca php nhn A.B. Nu tha, hy tnh tng
phn t ca ma trn tch AB theo nh ngha v xut ra ma trn tch.
2. Nhp vo ma trn A. a A v dng bc thang. Xut ra ma trn bc thang ca A v hng
ma trn A. Khng c dng lnh rref, rank.

 ti 4
1. Nhp h vc t E dng ma trn ct. Kim tra xem E c l c s hay khng? Nu c nhp
ma trn ca nh x tuyn tnh f trong c s E v vc t x. Tm f (x).
2. Nhp vo ma trn A. Kim tra xem A c vung v kh nghch hay khng? Nu c, hy tnh
cc phn t b i s Aij , lp ma trn ph hp v suy ra ma trn nghch o. Khng c
dng bt c lnh mc nh no tm ma trn nghch o.

ti 5
1. Nhp ma trn A, b. Xt xem h Ax = b c l h Cramer hay khng? Nu c, hy tm nghim
ca h theo cng thc Cramer.
2. Nhp ma trn A. Kim tra A vung v dng lnh rank hoc det kim tra A kh nghch hay
khng? Nu c, hy tm ma trn nghch o ca A bng php bin i s cp. Khng c
dng lnh rref hay lnh mc nh tm ma trn nghch o.

ti 6
1. Nhp a thc f (x) v ma trn vung A. Kim tra xem A c vung hay khng? Nu c, hy
tnh f (A).
2. Nhp 2 khng gian con dng ma trn ct (KG con sinh bi cc vc t ct). Kim tra xem
2 KG con c tng thch v s chiu hay khng? Nu c, hy tm c s GK giao ca 2 KG
trn. c dng tt c cc lnh ca Matlab.

ti 7
1. Nhp 2 ma trn cng s ct A, B. Kt hp vi lnh null, tm c s v s chiu ca giao 2
khng gian nghim ca h thun nht Ax = 0, Bx = 0.
2. Nhp cc vc t tp sinh ca V dng ma trn ct v vc t x. Tm mt c s ca V v tm
hnh chiu vung gc ca x xung khng gian con V .

ti 8
1. Nhp 2 tp vc t dng ma trn. Kt hp lnh rref tm c s v s chiu ca tng 2
khng gian con sinh bi 2 tp trn.
2. Nhp vo ma trn A v vc t ct b. Gii h phng trnh Ax = b.
Hng dn: Dng lnh rank xt xem h c nghim duy nht, v nghim hay v s
nghim. Trong trng hp h v s nghim, ta tm nghim tng qut dng
xtq = xr + xtn .
Trong , xtn l KG nghim ca h Ax = 0 c tm bng lnh null.
Tm xr : dng lnh rref a v bc thang v tm cc n c s. Cho cc n t do bng 0, ta
c h Cramer gm r pt , r n s. Tm nghim h ny ta c nghim ring.
Xut ra c s ca xtn v xr .

ti 9
1. Cho nh x tuyn tnh dng ma trn. Tm c s v s chiu ca Imf v ker f .
2. Nhp 2 ma trn cng s ct A, B. Kt hp vi lnh null v rref, tm c s v s chiu ca
tng 2 khng gian nghim ca h thun nht Ax = 0, Bx = 0.
2

 ti 10
1. Nhp vc t x v tp sinh ca V theo ma trn ct. Tm c s ca V , suy ra c s trc chun
ca V bng lnh qr(A). Xut ra vc t hnh chiu.
2. Nhp vo ma trn A. Kim tra xem A c vung hay khng? Nu c, hy tnh nh thc A
bng php bin i s cp (c th a v ma trn tam gic hoc kt hp vi phng php
khai trin). Khng c dng lnh det.

Cc cu hi lm trn command window

3.1

Nhm cu 1 im

1. Tm argument v modul ca s phc

1+i 3
(a) z =
.
1+i

(b) z = (1 + i 3)(1 i).

1 + i 3
(c) z =
.
1i
2. Tm s nghim ca h phng trnh sau
(
|z + 1 i| = 1
(a)
|z 1 + 2i| = 2
(
|2z i| = 1
(b)
|3z 3 + 2i| = 2
3. Gii phng trnh trong phc
(a) z 2 = z.
(b) z 2 = z z.

1 2 1
3 4 5
v dng bc thang.
2 7 4
2 3 1




Cho A = 2 1 4 5 ; B = 1 2 0 1 . Tnh vt ca ma trn BAT .

0
2
4
1 4
5
. Chng t r(A) = r(AAT ) = r(AT A).
Cho A =
3
1
7
0
5 10



1 2
2 1 0
1 2 1
Cho A =
, B = 0 2, C = 1 1 1 . Tnh 2AC (CB)T
1 1 2
1 1
0 2 1

2 1 1
Tm ch s ly linh ca ma trn 3 1 2
2 1 1

1
2
4. a ma trn
3
1
5.

6.

7.

8.

3 4
9. Tm chun Frobenius ca 2 1
2 5

1 1 1 1
2 3 1 4

10. Cho A =
1 1 0 2 . Vi
2 2 3 m

11. Tm ma trn nghch o ca

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

2 1

3 1
Cho A =
1 1


 2 3 2


Tnh  3 1 4
2 3 2

 a+x
x

b+x
Tnh  x
 x
x

3 2

5 1
Cho A =
3 1

1 3
Cho A = 2 1
4 3

6
7
3

gi tr no ca m th A kh nghch?

1 0 2
0 1 0

1 0
1 1 .
0 1

1
2 . Tnh f (A), vi f (x) = x2 2x 3
0


x 
x 
c+x 

1 1 1
6
5 . Tnh det(2AB).
4 ,B = 0 2
1 2 7
1

2
0 . Tnh det(A2 ).
1

1 2 1
1 1 1
Dng nh thc bin lun tnh kh nghch ca ma trn 2 3 m . 2 3 2
3 2 1
5 7 5

2 3 1
Cho ma trn A = 3 4 2 . Tm PA .
5 3 1

19. Gii phng trnh ma trn



 
2 1
2
(a)
.X =
3 1
3

(b) X.

3 2
5 4


=

1 2
5 6


5 6
(c)
.X =
7 8

0 8 3
25 23 30
(d) 1 5 9 X = 36 2 26
2 3 8
16 26
7

3 1
5 2

x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 4x4

2x1 + x2 + 2x3 + 3x4

20. Tm S nghim ca h phng trnh
3x

1 + 2x2 + x3 + 2x4

4x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 + x4

=
=
=
=

7
6
7
18

21. Tm

22. Tm

23. Gii

24. Tm

25. Gii

x1 + 2x2 3x3 + 5x4 = 1

x1 + 3x2 13x3 + 22x4 = 1
S nghim ca h phng trnh
3x1 + 5x2 + x3 2x4 = 5

2x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 7x4 = 4

x1
2x2 +3x3 4x4 = 2

3x1 +3x2 5x3 +x4 = 3

S nghim ca h phng trnh
2x1 +x2 +2x3 3x4 = 5

3x1
+3x3 10x4 = 8

x1 + 2x2 x3 = 12
h phng trnh theo phng php Cramer 2x1 + 3x2 3x3 = 4

3x1 + 2x2 + 5x3 = 8

x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 1

2x + x + 3x x = 2
1
2
3
4
m h phng trnh c nghim duy nht

3x
+
4x
+
2x
=
6
1
2
3

2x x + mx = m 1
1
2
4

x1 + 3x2 + 3x3 + 2x4 + 4x5 = 0

x1 + 4x2 + 5x3 + 3x4 + 7x5 = 0

h phng trnh
2x1 + 5x2 + 4x3 + x4 + 5x5 = 0

x1 + 5x2 + 7x3 + 6x4 + 10x5 = 0

26. Tm hng v h con LTT cc i ca h vc t M = {(1; 1; 1; 0), (1; 2; 1; 1)(2; 1; 2; 1)}

27. Tm c s v s chiu ca khng gian con V =< (1; 2; 1; 1), (3; 1; 0; 5), (0; 5; 3; 8) >
28. Tm c s v s chiu ca khng gian con V =< (1; 2; 1; 1), (2; 1; 1; 3), (5; 5; 3; 2) >.
29. Tm c s v s chiu ca khng gian con F = hx2 + x + 1, 2x2 + 3x 1, x2 + 2x 2i.
30. Tm c s v s chiu ca khng gian con
V = {(x1 ; x2 ; x3 ; x4 ) R4 x1 + x2 x3 = 0 2x1 x3 x4 = 0}
 

 

5 2
1 1
2 1
,
,
.
31. Xt s LTT, PTTT ca h vc t M =
2 3
1 0
1 1
32. Trong R3 v c s E = {(1; 1; 1), (1; 1; 2), (1; 2; 1)} v [x]E = (1; 3; 2)T . Tm x.
33. Trong R3 v c s E = {(1; 1; 1), (1; 1; 0), (1; 0; 1)}. Tm to ca x = (1; 2; 1) trong c s
E.
34. Tm m M = {(1; 2; 1), (2; 1; 3), (1; 2; m)} l tp sinh ca R3 .
35. Tm m M = {(1; 2; 1), (3; 1; 1), (m; 0; 1)} l c s ca R3 .
36. Kim tra tp M = {x2 + x + 1, 2x2 + x + 1, x2 + 2x + 2} c l c s ca P2 [x]?
37. Trong R3 , cho 2 c s E = {(1; 1; 1), (1; 0; 1), (1; 1; 0)} v E 0 = {(1; 1; 2), (1; 2; 1), (1; 1; 1)}.
Tm ma trn chuyn c s t E sang E 0 v ma trn chuyn c s t E 0 sang E.
38. Tm m x = (1; 0; m) l t hp tuyn tnh ca M = {(1; 1; 1), (2; 3; 1)}.
Hng dn: tm hng ca M v hng ca {M, x} bng nh thc.

39. Trong R4 , cho 2 khng gian con

x1




1
1
1
1
x
2
4

F = xR |
=
0
, G =< (2; 1; 0; m) > .
1 1 3 1 x3

x4
Tm m G F .
40. Trong R4 , cho khng gian con
V = {(x1 ; x2 ; x3 ; x4 ) R4 |x1 x2 + x3 = 0 x2 + x3 + x4 = 0}.
Tm dim(V ).
41. Trong R4 , cho 2 khng gian con
V1 =< (8; 6; 1; 0), (7; 5; 0; 1) >, V2 =< (1; 0; 8; 7), (0; 1; 6; 5) > .
Kim tra xem V1 V2 hay khng?
42. Trong R4 , cho 2 khng gian con
V1 =< (2; 0; 6; 5), (1; 1; 1; 0) >, V2 =< (2; 1; 1; 2), (1; 3; 2; m) > .
Tm m V1 V2 .
43. Trong khng gian R3 vi tch v hng chnh tc, cho u = (1; 1; 2), v = (2; 1; 1). Tnh
cos(u, v).
44. Trong khng gian R3 vi tch v hng chnh tc, cho u = (1; 1; 2), v = (2; 1; 1). Tnh d(u, v)
v tm 1 vc t w vung gc vi 2 vc t u, v.
45. Tm c s v s chiu nhn ca nh x tuyn tnh
f (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ) = (2x1 + x2 3x3 ; x1 4x2 ).
46. Tm c s v s chiu nh ca nh x tuyn tnh
f (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ) = (2x1 + x2 3x3 ; x1 4x2 ).
47. Tm c s v s chiu nhn ca nh x tuyn tnh
f (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ) = (x1 + x2 ; x2 + x3 ; x1 x3 ).
48. Tm c s v s chiu nh ca nh x tuyn tnh
f (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ) = (x1 + x2 ; x2 + x3 ; x1 x3 ).
49. Cho axttf : R3 R2 , bit f (1; 1; 0) = (2; 1),
Tm f (2; 0; 3).

f (1; 1; 1) = (1; 2),

f (1; 0; 1) = (1; 1).

50. Cho axtt f : R3 R2 bit ma trn ca f trong cp c s

E = {(1; 1; 1), (1; 0; 1), (1; 1; 0)}, F = {(1; 1), (2; 1)} l AE,F



2 1 3
=
.
0 3 4

Tm f (1; 2; 3).
51. Cho f (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ) = (x1 + x2 ; x2 + x3 ; x3 + x1 ). Tm vc t x sao cho f (x) = (1; 2; 3).


 
 
1 6
6
3
52. Cho A =
v u =
,v =
. Xt xem vc t no l VTR ca A.
5 2
5
2


3 4
, 1 = 1, 2 = 3. S no l TR ca A?
53. Cho A =
6 5
6

3 1 1
54. Cho A = 2 4 2. Tm tt c cc TR v VTR tng ng ca ma trn A.
1 1 3

0
8 6
55. Cho A = 1 8 7 . Tm m A c tr ring bng 2. Tm tt c cc TR v VTR
1 14 m
tng ng ca ma trn A vi m va tm c.

3.2

Nhm cu 2 im

1 2 3
1. Cho A = 2 5 4 . Tm ma trn nghch o ca A bng cc php bin i s cp.
3 7 8
2. Trong R3 , cho M = {(1; 2; 1), (3; 2; 1), (0; 2; 1)}. Tm m (3; 8; m) l t hp tuyn tnh
ca M .
3. Trong R3 , cho V =< (1; 2; 1), (3; 2; 1), (0; 2; 1) >. Tm m (3; 5; m) V .
4. Trong R4 , cho U = h(1, 2, 1, 1); (2, 1, 0, 2)i v V = h(1, 5, 3, 5); (3, 0, 1, m)i. Tm m
U V.
Hng dn: Kim tra v1 U . v2 U th r(u1 , u2 , v2 ) = 2 suy ra mi ma trn con cp
3 suy bin. Chn ma trn con cp 3 c cha m, tnh nh thc suy ra m. Th li suy ra kt
qu.
5. Trong R4 , cho V l tp nghim ca h phng trnh

x1 + x2 x3 = 0
2x1 + 2x2 + x3 + x4 = 0

x1 + x2 + 2x3 + mx4 = 0
Tm m dim(V ) ln nht. Tm c s v s chiu ca V vi m cu a.
6. Trong R4 , cho U = h(1, 2, 1, 0); (2, 1, 1, 1)i V = h(1, 1, 2, 1); (2, 0, 4, m)i. Tm m dim(U +
V ) b nht. Tm c s v s chiu ca U + V .
4
7. Trong
 R ,
1
U:
1
Tm m

cho 2 khng gian

 di dng
 tp nghim ca hphng trnh
1 2 2 2 0
1 2 0 0
,
V :
.
1 1 2 0
1 0 1 m 0
dim(U V ) ln nht. Tm c s v s chiu ca U V .

8. Trong R4 , cho khng gian con

V = {(x1 ; x2 ; x3 ; x4 ) R4 |x1 x2 + x3 = 0 x2 + x3 + x4 = 0}.
Tm mt c s ca V .
9. Trong R4 , cho khng gian con
V = {(x1 ; x2 ; x3 ; x4 ) R4 |x1 + x2 + x3 = 0 x1 + x2 + x4 = 0}.
Tm mt c s ca V .
10. Trong R4 , cho KG con V =< (2; 1; 1; 0), (2; 1; 0; 1) > v x = (1; 1; 0; 1). Tm P rV (x).

11. Trong R3 , cho 2 KG con

V1 =< (1; 2; 1), (1; 0; 1) >, V2 = {(x1 ; x2 ; x3 ) R3 |x1 x2 + mx3 = 0}
Tm m V1 V2 .
12. Trong khng gian R3 vi tch v hng chnh tc, cho F =< (1; 1; 2), (2; 1; 1) > v vc t
x = (1; 2; 3). Tm hnh chiu ca x xung F .
13. Trong R3 , cho tch v hng (x, y) = x1 y1 + 2x2 y2 + 3x3 y3 x1 y3 x3 y1 . Tnh gc v khong
cch gia 2 vc t u = (1; 1; 2) v v = (2; 1; 1).
Hng dn: Nhp tch v hng di dng ma trn i xng A: (u, v) = uAv T .
14. Trong R3 , cho tch v hng (x, y) = x1 y1 + 2x2 y2 + 5x3 y3 2x1 y3 2x3 y1 . Tm khng gian
b vung gc ca F =< (1; 2; 3) >.
15. Cho axttf : R3 R2 , bit f (1; 1; 0) = (2; 1),
Tm f (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ).

f (1; 1; 1) = (1; 2),

f (1; 0; 1) = (1; 1).

16. Cho axtt f : R3 R2 bit f (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ) = (x1 + 2x2 3x3 ; 2x1 + x3 ).

Tm ma trn ca f trong cp c s E = {(1; 1; 1), (1; 0; 1), (1; 1; 0)}, F = {(1; 3), (2; 5)}.
17. Cho axtt f : R3 R3 bit nh ca mt tp sinh
f (1; 1; 1) = (1; 2; 1), f (1; 1; 2) = (2; 1; 1), f (1; 2; 1) = (5; 4; 1)..
Tm ma trn ca f trong c s E = {(1; 1; 0), (0; 1; 1), (1; 1; 1)}.
18. Cho axtt f : R3 R2 bit ma trn ca f trong cp c s
E = {(1; 1; 1), (1; 0; 1), (1; 1; 0)}, F = {(1; 1), (2; 1)} l AE,F



2 1 3
.
=
0 3 4

Tm ma trn ca f trong c s chnh tc.

19. Cho axtt f : R3 R3 c ma trn trong c s E

1 0
A = 2 1
1 1

= {(1; 2; 1), (1; 1; 2), (1; 1; 1)} l

1
4 .
3

Tm ma trn ca f trong c s chnh tc.

20. Cho axtt f : R3 R3 c ma trn trong c s E

1 0
A = 2 1
1 1

= {(1; 2; 1), (1; 1; 2), (1; 1; 1)} l

1
4 .
3

Tm ma trn ca f trong c s E 0 = {(1; 2; 3), (2; 3; 5), (5; 8; 4)}.

21. Cho axtt f : R3 R3 c ma trn trong c s E

1 1

AE = 2 3
1 2

= {(1; 1; 1), (1; 0; 1), (1; 1; 0)} l

1
3 .
4

Tm c s v s chiu ca Imf .
22. Cho axtt f : R3 R3 c ma trn trong c s E

1 1
AE = 2 3
1 2
Tm c s v s chiu ca ker f .

= {(1; 1; 1), (1; 0; 1), (1; 1; 0)} l

1
3 .
4

Ch :
Nhng bi tp c th trn ch i din cho mt lp cc bi ton tng t. Do vy, mi tnh ton
cc em phi dng matlab m khng c tnh bng tay.