CHEM 1A Discussion 9 Thermodynamics and Heat Capacity

Week 9

Using your knowledge from the reading and lecture, complete the following exercises in small groups. As a group, decide on an answer and justify how you came to that answer. Please be aware that this weeks discussion has many involved problems, so it will likely require more than an hour to complete all of them. 1) How cold must a ball of copper (radius 4cm, 2.5 kg) be such that dropping it into a 500 mL glass of room ! temperature (25!C) water will freeze the water solid? Specific heat of water: !!!" !!. Specific heat of copper: !!!"# !!. Latent heat of fusion of water at 0!C: !!" !. 2) What volume of molten copper at 1358 K would be sufficient to vaporize 1 L of 0!C water? Melting point of copper: 1358 K. Density of liquid copper: 8.02 g/cm3. Latent heat of fusion of copper 13.26 kJ/mol. Latent heat of vaporization of water: 2.26 kJ/g. 3) If you drop 200g of ice (at 0!C) into 300g of 75!C water, what will the final temperature be? 4) A calorimeter consists of 500g of copper and 1kg of water. After a reaction is carried out at constant pressure in thermal contact with the calorimeter (which is, in turn, adiabatically insulated from the rest of the surroundings), the temperature of the water increases by 15!C. What is the enthalpy change for the reaction? Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? 5) If you burn 0.5 grams of glucose and use the energy to heat 10 grams of ice at -15oC, what temperature will the ice reach? Will the glucose supply enough heat to boil the ice? The heat of combustion of glucose is ! 2805 kJ/mole. The heat capacity of ice is !!!"# !!. 6) Using the information given below, write balanced combustion reactions and determine the enthalpy of formation for each molecule. Formula D-glucose Benzene Methane Buckminster fullerene Water Carbon dioxide C6H12O6 (s) C6H6 (l) CH4 (g) C60 (s) H2O (l) CO2 (g) !H c (kJ/mol) -2808 -3268 -890 -25937 -285.8 -393.5 !H f (kJ/mol)
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7) The heat capacity of molten basalt is !!!" !"!!and the density is about 2.6 grams per milliliter. Solid basalt has a heat capacity of about !!!" !"!! with a density of 2.9 grams per milliliter (the latent heat of fusion is
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about 400 J/g at the melting point of 1000!C). A volcano in Hawaii erupts and spews lava (molten basalt). The lava reaches the ocean at a rate of 100 liters per minute at a temperature of 1200!C. The ocean is 26!C. How much water evaporates after an hour of the eruption? Assume all of the lava sinks when it hits the ocean and that the water boils instantly.

8) A GSI spills 10g of 100-proof vodka on his arm. The vodka is 50% water and 50% ethanol (CH3CH2OH). The foolish GSI then accidentally sets his arm on fire while trying to teach you chemistry. How much heat does the burning ethanol release and how much is absorbed by the water (and how much goes into the GSIs arm)? Assume that the ethanol, water, and GSI can be considered separately, and that the liquid is at room temperature before ignition. The heat of combustion of ethanol is -1300 kJ/mol.

9) Lets say you mix solid barium hydroxide octahydride with solid ammonium thiocyanide. You run this reaction in a small reaction vessel. The vessel is surrounded by water. The reaction spontaneously yields barium thiocyanide, liquid water and gaseous ammonia. The water surrounding the reaction vessel freezes soon after the reaction finishes. Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? Does entropy increase or decrease in this reaction? Ba(OH)2 . 8H2O (s) + 2NH4SCN (s) => Ba (SCN)2(s) + 10H2O(l) + 2NH3(g)