Er. Milind S Patil et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol.

2(8), 2010, 3503-3509

Performance Test of IC Engine Using Blends of Ethanol and Kerosene with Diesel
Er. Milind S Patil1, Dr. R. S. Jahagirdar2, Er. Eknath R Deore3,
1. Sr. Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering 2. Principal 3. Asst Prof. Shri Shivaji Vidya Prasarak Sansthas Bapusaheb Shivajirao Deore College of Engineering, Dhule (MS) India

ABSTRACT 3.75 kW diesel engine AV1 Single Cylinder water cooled, Kirloskar Make was used to test blends of diesel with kerosene and Ethanol. Engine test setup was developed to carry the trials using these blends. This paper presents a study report on the performance of IC engine using blends of kerosene and ethanol with diesel with various blending ratio. The engine performance studies were conducted with rope break dynamometer setup. Parameters like speed of engine, fuel consumption and torque were measured at different loads for pure diesel and various combination of dual fuel. Break Power, BSFC, BTE and heat balance were calculated. Paper represents the test results for blends 5% to 20% Keywords: IC Engine, Diesel, Blends, fuel properties, heat balance, engine performance

Introduction Increase in petroleum prices, threat of global warming has generated an interest in developing alternative fuels for engine. Technologies now focusing on development of plant based fuels, plant oils, plant fats as an alternative fuel. Biodiesel is described as fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel and ethanol can be produced from feedstocks that are generally considered to be renewable. Since the carbon in the biodiesel originated mostly from CO2 in the air, the full cycle CO2 emissions for biodiesel contribute much less to global warming than fossil fuels. Although biodiesel cannot entirely replace petroleumbased fuels, biofuels and diesel fuel blends can be used on existing engines to achieve both environmental and energy benefits. Ethanol is a low cost oxygenate with high oxygen content (35%) that has been used in ethanol diesel fuel blends. The use of ethanol in diesel fuel can yield significant reduction of particulate matter (PM) emissions for motor vehicles (Ahmed, 2001;Lu et al., 2004; He et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2004) However, there are many technical barriers to the direct use of ethanol in diesel fuel due to the properties of ethanol, including low cetane number of ethanol and poor solubility of ethanol in diesel fuel in cold weather. In fact, diesel engines cannot operate normally on ethanoldiesel blend without special additives (McCormick and Parish, 2001; Gerdes and Suppes, 2001). Experimental Setup Commercial diesel fuel used in India which was obtained locally is used as a base line fuel for this study. Ethanol used in this study is anhydrous ethanol (99.7%) purity. Fuel and its blends density and heating value were measured in a laboratory with hydrometer and bomb-calorimeter. Properties of test fuels were reported in Table 1.

ISSN: 0975-5462

3503

Er. Milind S Patil et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3503-3509

Sr. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Fuel Diesel 5%K+ Diesel 10%K+ Diesel 15%K+ Diesel 20%K+ Diesel 5%E+ Diesel 10%E+ Diesel 15%E+ Diesel 20%E+ Diesel

Density 822 821 820 819 818 822 821 820 819

CV 42188 42348.6 42509.2 42669.8 42830.4 41398.6 40609.2 39819.8 39030.4 Table 1

% change in Heating Value +0.38 +0.76 +1.14 +1.52 -1.87 -3.74 -5.61 -7.49

All experiments were performed with Kirloskar make single cylinder diesel engine. Table 2 shows the engine specifications. All experiments were performed after ensuring the full warm-up. Engine Specifications Make Kirloskar AV1 Number of Cylinder 1 Number of Stroke 4 Bore 85 mm Stroke 110 mm Power 3.75 Compression Ratio 25:1 Table 2 The engine performance tests were conducted with a rope brake-diesel engine set up. The parameters like speed of engine, fuel consumption and torque were measured at different loads for diesel and with various combinations of dual fuel. Brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency was calculated using the collected test data

ISSN: 0975-5462

3504

Er. Milind S Patil et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3503-3509 Results and Discussion Fuel Consumption The influence of fuel consumption on break power for various blends of fuel is represented here under. It is observed that the fuel consumption for low % of mixture of kerosene fuel consumption was higher than pure diesel. Ethanol blend and the pure diesel are having the consumption which is almost same. It is observed that for 15 % and 20 % fuel blend (ethanol and diesel) fuel consumption was about 0.67 and 0.66 kg/hr. where as for kerosene and diesel blend it is observed as 0.64 and 0.62 kg/hr. for a constant output of 2.138 kW. For pure diesel the consumption was 0.62 kg/hr. which is lower than other fuel blends. However for a output of 00 to 1.614 kW ethanol blend is having fuel consumption lower than pure diesel and that of kerosene blend.

0.800

0.800

Fuel Consumption (kg/hr)

0.700 0.600 0.500 0.400 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.000 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

Fuel Consumption (kg/hr)

0.700 0.600 0.500 0.400 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.000 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

5%K+D

5%E+D

Brake Power(kW)
10%K+D 10%E+D D

0.800

0.700

Fuel Consumption (kg/hr)

Fuel Consumption (kg/hr)

0.700 0.600 0.500 0.400 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.000 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

0.600 0.500 0.400 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.000 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

Brake Power(kW) Brake Power(kW)

15%K+D 15%E+D D 20%K+D 20%E+D D

ISSN: 0975-5462

3505

Er. Milind S Patil et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3503-3509 Break Thermal Efficiency The effect of break thermal efficiency is represented here. It is observed that the break thermal efficiency of pure diesel is almost higher than any other blend upto 15 % of mixture. (both for ethanol and kerosene) Also BTE for ethanol with 20 % mixture in diesel is more than that of pure diesel for a given break power.

35.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 BTE(%) 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138 30.00 25.00 BTE(%) 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

Brake Power (kW)

Brake Power (kW)

5%K+D

5%E+D

35.00 30.00 25.00 BTE(%) 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

35.00 30.00 25.00 BTE(%) 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00

10%K+D

10%E+D

0.000

0.545

1.083

1.614

2.138

Brake Power (kW)

Brake Power (kW)

15%K+D

15%E+D

20%K+D

20%E+D

Volumetric Efficiency Volumetric efficiency of ethanol and diesel blend is higher for any % mixture compare with pure diesel or kerosene blend except for 5 % mixture for which it is almost same for all blends. For 20 % ethanol blend volumetric efficiency decreases from 73 % to 68.44 % which is quiet better than diesel which varies from 71.58 % to 67.34 % for a given output

ISSN: 0975-5462

3506

Er. Milind S Patil et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3503-3509
72.00 71.00 70.00
73.00 72.00 71.00 70.00 69.00 68.00 67.00 66.00 65.00 64.00 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

Vol (%)

69.00 68.00 67.00 66.00 65.00 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

Brake Power (kW)

Vol (%)

Brake Power (kW)

5%K+D

5%E+D

74.00 73.00 72.00 71.00 70.00 69.00 68.00 67.00 66.00 65.00 64.00 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

10%K+D

10%E+D

74.00 73.00 72.00 71.00 70.00 69.00 68.00 67.00 66.00 65.00 64.00 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

Vol (%)

Vol (%)

Brake Power (kW)

Brake Power (kW)

15%K+D

15%E+D

20%K+D

20%E+D

Exhaust Gas Temperature Exhaust gas temperature for kerosene blend from 5 % to 20 % was observed as highest compare with any of the other blends. Highest gas temperature for all fuel blends were recorded as in the range of 200 to 225 Degree Celsius. Minimum exhaust gas temperature were observed for pure diesel

ISSN: 0975-5462

3507

Er. Milind S Patil et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3503-3509
250 200 150 100 50 0

Exhaust Gas Tempreture ( 0C )

250 200 150 100 50 0 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

Exhaust Gas Tempreture ( 0C )

0.000

0.545

1.083

1.614

2.138

5%K+D

Brake Power (kW) 5%E+D

10%K+D

Brake Power (kW) 10%E+D

Exhaust Gas Tempreture ( 0C ) 250 200 150 100 50 0 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

Exhaust Gas Tempreture ( 0C )

250 200 150 100 50 0 0.000 0.545 1.083 1.614 2.138

Brake Power (kW)

Brake Power (kW) D

15%K+D

15%E+D

20%K+D

20%E+D

Conclusion For all fuel sample tested it is observed that with the loading of the engine at 2.138 kW (@57 %) BTE of pure diesel and blend of diesel and ethanol was almost same. That of kerosene BTE was low compare with diesel and ethanol blend. For 20 % mixture of ethanol blend with diesel has a very good efficiency compared with pure diesel and blend of kerosene. Also it is observed that the 20 % ethanol blend is having higher volumetric efficiency compare with diesel and kerosene blend. Exhaust gas temperature for ethanol blend has not shown any substantial increase compare with pure diesel. Hence blending of ethanol at about 20 % can lead to a better performance of engine compare with pure diesel. References [1] Investigation on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine with Jatropha Biodiesel and Its Blends, D Ramesh and Sampathrajan, Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR journal. Manuscript EE 07 013 Vol X March 2008. [2] A study of some fuel Properties of Local Ethanol Blended with Diesel fuel, Ajav, E. A. and O. A. Akingbehin Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR journal. Manuscript EE 01 003 Vol IV March 2002.

ISSN: 0975-5462

3508

Er. Milind S Patil et. al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3503-3509 [3] Experimental Study of DI Diesel Engine Performance Using Three Different Biodiesel Fuels, J. Patterson, M. G. Hassan, A. Clarke, K Hellgardt and R Chen, 2006-01-0234, Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering Loughborough University UK [4] Exhaust analysis and Performance of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Run on Dual Fuels, V. P. Sethi, K. S. Salariya, IE (I) Journal MC, Vol 85 April 2004

ISSN: 0975-5462

3509