Aunya Rice Chapter 13 Open Book Quizzes

1. Myths about old people are that they are sick, cannot learn new things, cannot change their lifestyle, genetics are the main factor, not sexual, a drain on society, senile, isolated from their families, live in nursing homes, poor, and unhappy. 2. The biologic clock is one theory that states that the body cells are programmed to function for a specific length of time, after which they break down and die. Free-radical meaning that cells are damaged by toxins, ions break off form ion pairs, and the resulting free radicals are unstable. The wear-and-tear theory states that the body cells and organs eventually wear out like machinery. In the immune system failure theory, the system loses its ability to protect the body from disease. The autoimmune theory is similar; here the body no longer recognizes itself, and begins to attack itself and break down, as occurs in some types of arthritis. The disengagement theory, since rejected, suggests that it is normal for older people and society to withdraw from each other. The activity theory states that people who remain interested and active will continue to enjoy life and to live longer. In the continuity theory, each individual continues to live and develop as the unique person he or she is. 3. A major contributor to longer life is that people are healthier throughout their lives now than they were 100 years ago. The optimistic, happy person generally lives longer. 4. Benign senescence (normal physical changes of aging) begins occurring early adulthood, but often goes unnoticed until a problem develops. 5. Cardiovascular- increased heart size Respiratory- thickened alveolar walls, causing less elasticity Musculoskeletal- Thinned intervertebral disks, decreased bone calcium Integumentary - Thinner and drier skin Urologic- Decreased bladder capacity and tone Neurologic- Vision: Presbyopia, hearing, touch, smell, taste, balance, reflexes Endocrine- slowed production of all hormones Gastro- Decreased secretion of saliva and other digestive enzymes Reproductive- Decreased hormone production, atrophy of ovaries, uterus, vagina 6. Hypertension is the most common; 51% of older adults have hypertension. Arthritis is second; with 48% of older adults have some joint stiffness. Heart disease is third, with 31% of older adults having some cardiac problems. 7. One behavior that helps delay physical aging is eating a healthy diet.

8. Schaies stage of cognitive development for older adults is called the reintegrative stage. This states that older adults are more selective about how they will spend their time. 9. Behaviors that help with successful cognitive aging are the same behaviors that are encouraged throughout life. Having a positive attitude remains important. Active involvement in a job and community during earlier adulthood often carries into continuing involvement in hobbies, religious and service groups, and volunteerism in older adulthood. 10. The parent may need encouragement to discuss alternative living arrangements or other changes that may be needed. Plan ahead, include everyone, and find important information.