Space Exploration (A) Since ancient times, people have dreamed of leaving their home planet and exploring

other worlds. In the later half of the 20th century, that dream became reality. It began with the launch of the first artificial satellites in 1957. A human first went into space in 1961. Since then, astronauts and cosmonauts have ventured into space for ever greater lengths of time, even living aboard orbiting space stations for more than a year. Two dozen people have circled the Moon or walked on its surface. At the same time, robotic explorers have journeyed where humans could not go, visiting all but one of the solar systems major worlds. Unpiloted spacecraft have also visited a host of minor bodies such as moons, comets, and asteroids. These explorations have sparked the advance of new technologies, from rockets to communications equipment to computers. Spacecraft studies have yielded a bounty of scientific discoveries about the solar system, the Milky Way Galaxy, and the universe. And they have given humanity a new perspective on Earth and its neighbors in space. (B) On the Moon, on July 20, 1969, American astronaut Edwin Buzz Aldrin, Jr, became the second person to walk on the moon. Aldrin stepped onto the moon shortly after fellow Apollo 11 astronout, Neil Armstrong. While millions of people on earth watched a televised broadcast of the event. Armstrong and Aldrin. Spent two hours exploring the lunar surface, gathering samples, taking photos, and setting up experiments. (C) The first challenge of space exploration was developing rockets powerful enough and reliable enough to boost a satellite into orbit. These boosters needed more than brute force, however; they also needed guidance systems to steer them on the proper flight paths to reach their desired orbits. The next challenge was building the satellites themselves. The satellites needed electronic components that were lightweight, yet durable enough to withstand the acceleration and vibration of launch. Creating these components required the worlds aerospace engineering facilities to adopt new standards of reliability in manufacturing and testing. On Earth, engineers also had to build tracking stations to maintain radio communications with these artificial moons as they circled the planet. (D) It was inevitable that humans would follow their unpiloted creations into space. Piloted spaceflight introduced a whole new set of difficulties, many of them concerned with keeping people alive in the hostile environment of space. In addition to the vacuum of space, which requires any piloted spacecraft to carry its own atmosphere, there are other deadly hazards: solar and cosmic radiation, micrometeorites (small bits of rock and dust) that might puncture a spacecraft hull or an astronauts pressure suit, and extremes of temperature ranging from frigid darkness to broiling sunlight. It was not enough simply to keep people alive in spaceastronauts needed to have a means of accomplishing useful work while they were there. It was necessary to develop tools and techniques for space navigation, and for conducting scientific observations and experiments. Astronauts would have to be protected when they ventured outside the safety of their pressurized spacecraft to work in the vacuum. Missions and hardware would have to be carefully designed to help ensure the safety of space crews in any foreseeable emergency, from liftoff to landing. (E) After the Apollo program, the emphasis in piloted missions shifted to long-duration spaceflight, as pioneered aboard Soviet and U.S. space stations. The development of reusable spacecraft became another goal, giving rise to the U.S. space shuttle fleet. Today, efforts focus on keeping people healthy during space missions lasting a year or morethe duration needed to reach nearby planetsand in lowering the cost of sending satellites into orbit.

Are these true or false? Show in what paragraph you can find a proof. 1. Twelve people have travelled around the moon so far. (paragraph..) T/F 2. Human can walk on every part of the moon. (paragraph..) T/F 3. Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin traveled to the space in different spacecraft. (paragraph..) T/F 4. On earth, a lot of people watched Armstrong and Aldrin when they landed on the moon. (paragraph..) T/F 5. Armstrong and Aldrin were on the moon for a long time. (paragraph.) T/F 6. Travelling to the space is very risky. (paragraph) T/F 7. After Neil Armstrong, Apollo 11 was used by other astronauts to travel to the space. (paragraph.) T/F Answer the question based on the text. 1. What are the results of the space exploration? 2. What did Neil Armstrong do on the moon? 3. Mention some challenges of space exploration! 4. Mention some difficulties of piloted spaceflight! 5. Why must astronauts carry the Earths atmosphere? Find the reference of these pronouns 1. Their in paragraph A line 1 refers to 2. It in paragraph A line 3 refers to . 3. Its in paragraph A line 7 refers to 4. Them in paragraph C line 3 refers to .. 5. Their in paragraph C line 4 refers to . 6. Its in paragraph D line 5 refers to 7. Their in paragraph D line 13 refers to