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Outline Introduction Definition of corruption (a) Types of Corruption (b)Various forms of corruption (c) Incidence of corruption Scenario of corruption

ion in Pakistan (a) Transparency International ranking (b) Transparency International Pakistan report (c) Corruption in Islamic teaching (d) Quaid-i-Azam on corruption Causes of corruption (a) Dismal performance of Institutions (b) Poor governance (c) Absence of political will (d) Lack of effective accountability (e) Lack of Transparency (f)Meagre income Impact of corruption (a) Deteriorate the quality of governance (b) Moral degeneration (c) Shamble the economy (d) Retards economics growth (e) inflation (f) Unemployment (g) increase poverty (h) Injustice to people (i) Widening the gap between rich and poor Remedial Measures (a) Rule of law (b) Effective accountability (c) Role of transparency agencies (d) Mass awareness (e) Adherence to Islamic principles Conclusion Our society is facing a very grave problem of corruption that has threatened the basic foundation of our society. It is no figure of speech to say that the problem of corruption is hanging like a sword of Damocles on the head of the state. This is one of the most serious threats which are dragging us to the brink of disaster. Increase in corruption in any society is directly proportional to the political instability in the country. Corruption is the misuse of entrusted power for private gains. Conceptually it is a behaviour which distracts a person from ethics, morality tradition, law and civicvirtues. The corruption is of various types. It is a petty, grand or political. The petty corruption is linked to the low salaried employees. This type of corruption usually exists to fast track the administrative bureaucratic procedure and regulations. Therefore, it is generally referred as facilitating payments. The general perception about this kind of corruption is that people indulge in order to meet their living expenses. Thus the need a reason is applied to this form of corruption. The grand

type of corruption is associated with high level bureaucracy. The greed and lust for power is the main factors behind this type of corruption. The political corruption is related to politicians. The expensive election campaigns, dispense the political favour from the colleagues and to keep the sub-ordinates happy, cooperative and loyal, and lust for power is few factors which inspire the politicians for corruption. The incidence of corruption varies in rate of existence in society. It may be rare, widespread and systemic.The corruption which is not deeply rooted in the entire edifice of the government known as rare corruption. Further, it is easy to detect and control, and the culprit can easily be punished, whereas, the corruption which is permeated in all the sphere of life is called as widespread corruption, and it is difficult to detect and control. However, in case of systemic corruption, it becomes the way of life and it is very difficult to overcome. In Pakistan the prevalent corruption is perceived as widespread and systemic. It has deeply ingrained in society and government at all levels. Corruption in Pakistan comes in as many forms as there could be. It comes in the form of bribery receiving and giving. It exists in the show of power and influence through real or concocted relationships with people in authority and the gains they obtain from others. The worst form of corruption is intellectual and professional dishonesty to please or benefit a few individuals at the cost of others. The corruption is perceived as universal. It exists in all countries i.e. developed and developing, in all sectors i.e. public and private, autonomous or semi-autonomous as well as in non-profit and charitable organization; however, it varies in magnitude and frequency. In some countries it is infused in lesser scale than the other countries. In Pakistan the corruption has become systemic on large scale. Pakistan has remained the prey of corruption since its inception, despite that fact that Quaid-iamb Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder as well as the first Governor General of Pakistan denounced the existence the corruption. Therefore, due to the continuity of corruption it has become the way of life now. In a country over a period of years particularly during 1990s many government became the victims of the rampant corruption. In a recent report presented by Transparency International, Pakistans corruption perception index declined to 2.3 in 2010 against 2.4 in 2009 and out of 178 counties, its ranking as most corrupt country jumped from 42 in 2009 to 34 in 2010. Land and property and police remained the two most corrupt departments of the country in year 2011, while education and military remained the two least corrupt departments during the said year, the National Corruption Perception Survey 2011 announced by Transparency International Pakistan (TIP) revealed on Wednesday. The survey, which remained distinguished as the military was included for the first time in it, also rang alarm bells as a massive increase in corruption of income tax, customs, contracting and tendering was reported, ranking at third, sixth and seventh most corrupt departments in 2011,whereas they were eighth, tenth and ninth in the NCPS in year 2010. Another noted feature was a significant increase in corruption of judiciary and courts, which slipped from sixth most corrupt department to fourth most corrupt department in NCPS 2011,which has been conducted this year by Gallup Pakistan. Moreover, corruption in the power sector was visibly reduced as the sector saw a slide from number two in year 2010 to number five in 2011. The report claimed that corruption had reached an unprecedented level in Pakistan and lack of accountability, being witnessed due to delay in punitive action by state organs in corruption cases like Pakistan Steel, NICL ,Bank of Punjab, rental power plants, Haj 2010,KESC,PIA,Pakistan Railways and WAPDA were harming the country the most. Judiciary is being confronted by deliberate defiance of Supreme Court orders and unwilling attitude of prosecution agencies. When 26 of 40 vacancies of judges are vacant in the Sindh High Court, how can efficient justice be provided and delay in punishing corrupt persons by the judiciary is one of the causes of lower ranking of the judiciary, the report quoted TIP President SohailMuzaffar as saying.

Islam provides complete code of life. It is replete with moral standards, ethics, values and norms of behaviours which facilitate the Muslims to run the daily affairs of personal, professional and business life in more disciplined way. Islam condemns the corruption in its every form i.e. bribery, unlawful hoarding and earning, extortion, embezzlement. Hazart Muhammad (PBUH) said about the hoarding; Whoever withholds cereals that may become scarce and dear is a sinner (Mishkat-12:8) Furthermore, Islam lays great importance on the lawful earning. Hazart Muhammad said in this context; Earning of lawful livelihood is a duty only next to importance to the duty (of prayers) Islam explicitly condemns the existence of corruption in every form. Hazart Muhammad (PBUH) declared that; Damned is the bribe giver (or corruptor)-the bribe taker (the corrupted) and he who goes between them. Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah has strongly condemned the presence of corruption. He avowed a strict action against such mal practices and their doer. In this regard, he said that; One of the biggest curses is the bribery and corruption. Thats really is a poison, we must put it down with iron hand. The major factors are responsible for the pervasive corruption in the country is the poor governance on and the dismal performance on the part of institutions. It is a fact of matter that the very foundation of any institution lays in the process of appointment. If such process is carried out transparently, the institution becomes the model of efficiency and performance. However, in Pakistan the appointments are being made on the basis of favouritism and nepotism at a great extent. Therefore, the development and innovation in these institutions remain stagnant; rather these become the hub of politics. Consequently, the institutions become the burden on the countrys exchequer. In Pakistan there are many profit -earning institutions which have been running in a loss during many years. These include; steel Mill, Pakistan Railway, WAPDA, etc. Though the governments have made efforts for handling the corruption like Pakistan penal code of 1960, the prevention of corruption Act of 1947, and the National Accountability Ordinance, however, these efforts remain elusive on the side of implementation due to absence of a political will to carry out this gigantic task. Mr.Shoukat Ali Tarin, former Finance Minister publicly acknowledged and pointed out about the existence of 500 billion rupee corruption in Federal Bureau of Revenue (FBR), tax collecting institution. But the government does not seem to take any strong measures to nip the corruption in the bud. The root causes of the rampant corruption in the country are lack of effective accountability, poor performance on the part of respective institutions, unchecked and unlimited power of feudal for vested interests. The presence of corruption and corrupt practices play a pivotal role to deteriorate law and order, shackle the economy which leads to the inflation, unemployment and poverty in the country. Its presence distracts a man from ethics, humanely attitude, tradition and civic laws. The pervasive corruption in the country can be checked by applying certain measures. The government should ascertain the rule of law; it means equal application of law, equal protection by the law and equality before law, effective and impartial accountability, active role of media to eradicate the corruption are the few factors which can play an active role to diminish the corruption. Other factor conducive to such a rampant corruption in a country is the meagre income of the employees. The minimum wages set by the government, and salaries given to lower grade employees do not keep the body and soul together. The government increases pay at once in a year; however, the prices of consumer goods soar on the daily basis. In a recent year it is recorded that the prices rose on 18 months high. Pays and prices tend the employees to the corruption to make both ends meet. This gap in the prices and pays engender the corruption. The presence of corruption a country has extensively and

devastating effect on society and country. The existence of corruption weakened the very foundation of society and country. The presence of corruption and corrupt practices in a society distract a man from ethics, humanely attitude, tradition, civics and laws. It degrades the morality of the people which leads to violence or dissension among the people. It deteriorates the quality of governance. The corruption and corrupt practices are indicative of breaches in the governance edifice. They pose serious threats to the sanctity of ethical and democratic values and weaken the administrative, social and political institutions. The economic reform in a country demand greater transparency, accountability, free and fair competition, however, the corruption and corrupt practices place restraint on the countrys capacity to undertake economics reforms and make some substantial progress in the development of a country. Corruption has also adverse impact on the private investment, both domestic and foreign which are considered very harmful to a developing economy. This impact on the economy lead to inflation and unemployment in the country. The direct impact of corruption in Pakistan could be witnessed in the rise of food commodities, which according to the Federal Bureau of Statistics, had increased up to 120 percents in the last one year. According to the Labour Force Survey 2010-2011, unemployment rate in the people at the age of 10 and above is 6 per cents. It plays significant role in widening the gap between the rich and poor. According to a report, there are 49.4 per cents population of Pakistan is facing multi-dimensional poverty.A current Survey conducted by United Nations Human Development Program (UNDP), reveals that Pakistan stands at 145 in the list of 187 countries of the world, in terms of human development. The pervasive corruption cannot be eradicated in a day, however, it requires well-woven plan along with effective implementation. Government is required to ensure the rule of law in a strict sense. The law of rule means equal application of law, equal protection by law, and equality before law. Without rule of law, the institutions get weak and become hatcheries of corrupt practices. The government must provide the effective mechanism for implementation of rule of law without any discrimination. The application of rule of law in a letter and spirit requires political will to carry out such a colossal task to eradicate the corruption. The government has already made serious efforts to combat the scourge of corruption; however, all these efforts are in vain due to the absence of political will. Taking power on 12 October 1999, the current government decided to cut the root of corruption and gather the peoples broken faith in the country. Speedy ways were announced to improve matters, and accountability (Ehtasab) was given priority. On 16 November 1999, National Accountability Bureau (NAB) was established to lead the accountability process. Pakistans comprehensive National Anti-Corruption Strategy, published in 2002, takes into account that in Pakistan, corruption can only be eliminated through a many sided approach that includes poverty reduction, improved literacy, and reorganising the administration.A group of government officers representing the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA), lower judiciary, Central Board of Revenue (CBR), the Auditor Generals Department, Police and other stakeholder institutionswas gathered to undertake the project. Once the people are convinced that the government is serious about fighting the corruption, they will provide their support in resolving the problem. A publicity campaign to create awareness among the people on the adverse effects of corruption is indispensible to combat the corruption. A responsible press to gather, analyse, organize and disseminate the information is vital to create the great public awareness

and to provide the impetus for undertaking reforms to overcome the corruption. Moreover, Islam obviously condemns the corruption and provides means and mechanism to curb the corruption. Therefore, the corruption may be eradicated on adherence to Islamic teaching. The problem of problems i.e., corruption is multi-faceted and we will have to combat it on all fronts. The road to salvation lies in acquiring sincerity with the purpose. If we want to be among the developed and leading nations of the world we will have to tackle this monster; otherwise history will mention us as a rotten nation. Let there be prosperity rather than losses. Let there be productivity rather than inefficiency. Let there be fair play and honesty rather than corruption. Hang a thief when he is young and he shall not steal when he is old. Do not allow the corrupt people to drink like a fish the whole the blood of our country. This burning issue (corruption) must be on the carpet of the Parliament and dealt with iron hand. Only proper planning and strictly implemented policies with public support can put a halt to this growing menace.

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