HIST 115 / MEDVL 115: Week One: Overview Lecture Handout Crusading in the Middle Ages Fall 2013

Mondays and Wednesdays, 1:30-2:50 STJ 3027 St. Jeromes University at the University of Waterloo Instructors Contact Information Instructor: Dr. K. Walker Office: 3010C Office Hours: Thursdays, 1:30-3:20 Email: k8walker@uwaterloo.ca Lecture Outline: I. Introduction: Multiple Crusades II. Just cause III. Penance IV. Marketing the Crusades V. Joint Ventures: Crown and Gown Cooperate VI. Crusade Events a. Crusades in the Near East b. Other crusades Key Terms: Pope Urban II Augustine of Hippo (354-430) Just cause St. Bernard Indulgences, plenary indulgences Doctrine of the Treasury of the Church Stephen and Nicholas, Childrens Crusade (1212) Papal legates Franciscan and Dominican friars Battle of Manzikert (1071) Alexius Comnenus (1048-1118), Byzantine Emperor Pope Gregory VII (r. 1073-1085) Council of Piacenza (1095) Clermont

Peasants Crusade Adhmar, bishop of Le Puy Outremer: County of Edessa Principality of Antioch County of Tripoli Kingdom of Jerusalem Zengi, 24 December 1144 Bernard of Clairvaux Saleh ed-Din, or Saladin (1138-1193) Horns of Hattin Richard the Lionhearted Philip Augustus Frederick Barbarosa Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216)

Reminders: The compulsory Essay Writing Workshop will be held following the remainder of this units lecture on Wednesday. Readings for This Weeks Tutorial: There are no required readings for this week.

Readings for Next Weeks Tutorial: It is important to finish the readings in advance of tutorial in order to be prepared to actively contribute to the discussion. Bring notes on the readings to the discussion. Pope John VIII: Indulgence for Fighting the Heathen, 878 (1 page) eReserve item. Annalist of Nieder-Altaich: Great German Pilgrimage of 1064-1065 (3 pages) eReserve item. Tyerman, Christopher. Chapter 5: Holy War. In Fighting for Christendom: Holy War and the Crusades. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. (22 pages) eReserve item. Here are some questions to consider when analysing a primary document: When was it written? (Is it a contemporary account, or was it written years after the events it describes?) By whom was it written? To what tradition does the author belong? (monasticism, scholasticism, another intellectual movement, etc.) To what genre does the document belong? (Historical, theological, medical, etc.) Who is its intended audience? On what sources does it rely? (Eyewitnesses, other primary sources, second-hand accounts, etc.) In what context was it written? Would certain events have inspired its production? What is the subject of the document? How does it compare with similar documents from this period? How do language and rhetoric construct its message? Does the source suffer from any biases? Why is it important to my subject of study?