DISCRETE MATHEMATICS ECE MATH 311

TOPIC 4: BASIC LOGIC APPLICATIONS

By: Edison A. Roxas, MSECE

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the topic, the students should be able to: 1. Apply basic knowledge in Logic for solving problems in Probability and Progressions. 2. Appreciate Quick Logic Applications and IQ Tests. 3. Apply broader reasoning skills in solutions of different problems.

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Basic Logic Applications

TOPICS COVERED
CLEVER LOGIC COUNTING PRINCIPLES & DISCRETE PROBABILITY PROGRESSIONS A. Arithmetic Progressions B. Geometric Progressions C. Harmonic Progressions
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CLEVER LOGIC
Problem 4.1:

If 3 cats can kill 3 rats in 3 minutes, how long will it take 100 cats to kill 100 rats?

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Basic Logic Applications

CLEVER LOGIC
Problem 4.2:

A little Indian and a big Indian are walking down a path. The little Indian is the big Indians son. The big Indian is not the little Indians father. Who is it?

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Basic Logic Applications

CLEVER LOGIC
Problem 4.3:

A monkey is at the bottom of a 30 foot well. Each day he jumps three feet and slips back two. At that rate, when will the monkey reach the top of the well?

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Basic Logic Applications

CLEVER LOGIC
Problem 4.4:

The number of eggs in a basket doubles every minute. The basket is full of eggs in an hour. When was the basket half full?

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Basic Logic Applications

Clever Logic
Problem 4.5:

A boat will carry only 200 pounds. How may a man weighing 200 pounds and his two sons, each of whom weighs 100 pounds, use it to cross a river.

earoxas @ UST 2013

Basic Logic Applications

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COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND DISCRETE PROBABILITY

4.6 In how many ways can a ten question true false examination be answered? 4.7 In how many ways can seven trees be planted in a circle? 4.8 In a mathematics examination, a student may select 15 problems from a set of 20 problems. In how many ways can he make his choice?
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COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND DISCRETE PROBABILITY

4.9 There are 10 teams in the PBA. If each team plays every team twice, how many games are played? 4.10 How many different three digit numbers greater than 400 can be formed with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 if no repetition are allowed? 4.11 In how many different ways can 5 person be seated in an automobile having places for 2 in front and 3 in the back seat if only 3 can drive?

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COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND DISCRETE PROBABILITY

4.12 How many ways can 4 boys and 4 girls be seated alternatively in the row of eight chairs? 4.13 In how many ways can 4 persons be seated in consecutive seats in a row of 7 seats? 4.14 How many different committees of 6 can be formed form 12 boys and 20 girls if each committee is consisting of 4 boys and 2 girls? 4.15 A team of 5 students is to be chosen for a math contest. If there were ten male and eight female students to chosen from, what is the probability that three team members will be male and two will be female?
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COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND DISCRETE PROBABILITY

4.16 How many different signals each consisting of 6 flags hung in a vertical can be formed from 4 identical red flag and 2 identical yellow flag? 4.17 How many 4 digit number can be formed from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 if repetition is allowed? 4.18 If A and B are complimentary events and the probability of occurrence of event A is zero, then P(B) is 4.19. Determine the probability of throwing a total of 7 in a single throw with two dice.

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COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND DISCRETE PROBABILITY

4.20 In one parlor game, nineteen tickets from 1 to 19 are in the box. If two tickets are drawn at random. Determine the probability that both are odd. 4.21 A box contains 4 red, 7 white and 5 blue balls. Two balls are chosen at random with replacement. What is the probability that they are both red? 4.22 What is the probability of drawing a either an ace or a king in a single draw from a deck of 52 playing cards? 4.23 What is the probability of drawing a either an ace or a heart in a single draw from a deck of 52 playing cards?

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COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND DISCRETE PROBABILITY

4.24 From a bag containing 4 black balls and 5 white balls, two balls are drawn. Find the probability that one is white and the other is black. 4.25 Two cards are drawn at random on an ordinary deck of cards. What is the probability that both cards are either a king or a diamond? 4.26 Two red books and 4 blue books are placed at random on a shelf. What is the probability that the two red books will be together?

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COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND DISCRETE PROBABILITY

4.27 A number from 1 to 10,000 inclusive is selected at random. What is the probability that it is a perfect square? 4.28 What is the probability of drawing 3 face cards in 3 draws from an ordinary deck of card?

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PROGRESSIONS
4.29 The fourth term of the geometric progression is 216 and 6th term is 1944. Find the 8th term. 4.30 Find the sum of all the positive integers divisible by 13 between 100 and 1000. 4.31 If the first term of a geometric progression is x2 and the common ratio is x4, which term is x22?
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PROGRESSIONS
4.32 Three numbers are in arithmetic progression. Their sum is 15, and the sum of their squares is 83. Find the lowest number. 4.33 A body is dropped from a height of 1,600 ft. If the body fails 16 ft during the 1st second, 48 ft during the 2nd second, 80 ft during the 3rd second and so on, when will it reach the ground?
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Seatwork No. 2: Probability and Progression

1. 2. 3. In how many ways can we get the product using two or more of the following factors given as: {2, 3, 7, 9, 11} What is the probability of getting a value divisible by 7 between 10 to 100? If 1/6th of a 6 liter alcohol solution is replaced with water; how much of the alcohol solution is maintained after 6 cycles? Find the 10th term of an arithmetic progression when the first term is 3 and whose 1st, 4th and 13th terms form a geometric progression. The geometric mean and harmonic mean of two numbers are 12 and 7 1/5 respectively. What are the numbers?
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4. 5.

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