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Not quite rock bottom: Nautical depth can only be established by surveying the density of the fluid mud
hard
soft
density < 1200 kg/m3 navigable depth density > 1200 kg/m3
source and a detector. The degree to which the radiation is absorbed depends on the density of the material around the probe. These nuclear (or nucleonic) density probes have a number of disadvantages. Since radioactive materials are involved they must be handled with care and their use raises environmental and marine safety concerns. They are usually very expensive and unwieldy, and require periodic recalibration. What is more, accuracy may be seriously affected by pollutants in the silt, including heavy metals, organic materials or dissolved gases. Tune in An alternative is to use the tuning fork principle. Here the frequency of vibration of a fork-like sensor varies with the density of the surrounding medium. With the traditional design, however, granular material can get trapped between the tines (legs) of the fork, producing unacceptable errors in the readings. The Hydramotion MudBug was developed to fulfil the clear need for an instrument capable of measuring the density of silt or fluid mud easily and reliably while avoiding the problems that have dogged earlier systems.
echo from the interface between the sea water and the top of the fluid mud. The safe navigable depth lies somewhere between the these two, but can only be established by conducting a hydrographic survey of the density of the fluid mud. How is it done? In the early 1970s the UK Atomic Energy Authority at Harwell developed a mud density gauge containing a radioactive
Hydramotion
innovators in fluid measurement
1 York Road Park, Malton, York YO17 6YA, England Tel: +44 (0)1653 600294 Fax: +44 (0)1653 693446
www.muddensity.com