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Culture Documents
SUJATHA
ASSOC.PROFFESSOR ASSISTANT.PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT
AURORA PG COLLEGE AURORA PG COLLEGE
RAMANTHAPUR, RAMANTHAPUR,
HYDERABAD HYDERABAD
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MARKETING PROBLEMS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
ABSTRACT
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs ) also known as small and medium scale
enterprises are the essential part of healthy economy. The SME sector represents
40-60 percent of the total output or value added to the national economy.
SME sector in India is the key driver of the nation's economic growth with a
employment it is a very crucial sector being the second largest sector after
agriculture. In recent years the SME sector has consistently registered higher
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In the current economic slowdown SME sector has been hit very hard due to
raising interest rates and financial crunch. The small size and capacity of the
firms and their lack of awareness have bred many hindrances to their growth.
In this backdrop this paper tries to throw light on the problems related to
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INTRODUCTION
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), also known as small and medium scale industries
or businesses, are the essential part of a healthy economy. The SME sector represents
over 90 per cent of enterprises in most of the developing countries and contributes 40-60
per cent of the total output or value added to the national economy. In recent years the
MSE sector has consistently registered higher growth rate compared to the overall
industrial sector. The major advantage of the sector is its employment potential at low
cost.
World wide the Micro, Small and Medium enterprises have been accepted as the engine
to economic growth and for promoting equitable development. MSEs contribute over
90% of the total enterprises in most of the economies and are credited with generating
highest rate of employment growth and account for a major share of industrial production
and exports.
In India, the MSEs play a major role in the overall industrial development of the country.
It is estimated that in terms of value the small and medium enterprises account for 39% of
the manufacturing out put and around 33% of the total export of the country. As per the
available statistics this sector employs an estimated 31 million people spread over12.8
million enterprises and the labour intensity in the sector is almost four times higher than
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The president under notification dated 9th may, 2007 has amended the Government of
India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 Pursuant to this amendment Ministry of Agro
and Rural Industries and Ministry of Small Scale Industries have been merged into a
single Ministry, Namely, “Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises”. As per
the Micro, Small and Medium enterprises Development Act, 2006, in the manufacturing
sector an enterprise with investment in plant and machinery upto Rs. 5 crore in termed
as a small enterprise, and an enterprise with investment upto Rs.10 crore is defined as a
medium enterprise. In the services sector enterprises with investment in equipment upto
Rs, 2 crores are classified as small enterprises and those with investment upto Rs.5 crore
Small and Medium Enterprises are a major contributor of the GDP of a country and an
even larger contributor to the segments of exports and employment. The SME growth
has been propelled by fresh investments in heavy and basic industries, The contribution
to exports and employment has been significant in the wake of increased manufacturing
activity and the increasing prominence of service sector companies in this space. The
major thrust is on industries like garments, spices and metals, which are net revenue
earners for the country rich in its mineral reserves. The government of India has given
small enterprises an important place in the economic planning for ideological as well as
economic measures, As a result of these efforts the small sector has achieved an
impressive growth in the number of units. In infers, inter alia more chances for
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Thus, SMEs serve as a seed-bed for the emergence of entrepreneurship of the country.
The development of small scale industries contribute to the increase in the per capita
income and contribute to the economic growth of the economy. It provides for more
equitable distribution of the income of the nation. Further they make effective
mobilization of the untapped capital and human skills and leads to dispersal of
small scale enterprises by way of various support measures adopted from time to time,
they are facing several problems in practice. According to the third census of SSIs
(2001-02) out of the 105 lakh registered and un registered SSIs over 95% are tiny units
with a low capital and managerial base. With intensifying competition many SMEs
especially in the consumer goods sector would find it difficult to survive. Items reserved
for SSIs will now face competition from similar products produced by large scale global
manufacturers, imported freely at low tariffs. When the domestic market is fully open to
global competition, the low labour cost advantage that our SMEs claim to enjoy may not
work beyond a point. Low end products will also face competition from export oriented
developing countries.
In the current economic slowdown SME sector has been hit very hard due
to raising interest rates and financial crunch. The small size and capacity of the
firms and their lack of awareness have bred many hindrances to their growth
such as
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Under-utilization of capacity,
The problem which continue to be a big hurdle for the development of the sector is the
lack of access to timely and adequate credit. The Abid Hussain Committee on
restructure the industries in the context of the current global economic challenges. It
Financial Corporations and tapping of other resources funding for the SMEs, addressing
credit rating services to small units. The Nayak committee recommended a desirable
norm of 20% of the value of production to be made available by way of working capital
through term lending institutions, and commercial banks as against the existing 13% of
the value of production (AIMA figures) .Another major problem that is hindering the
Marketing Problems:
The nature of marketing is ever changing so does the problems associated with the
marketing. The Indian SMEs are facing a lot of problems related to marketing in the
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national and international arenas. This is mainly due to the fact that these organizations
belong to rural or semi urban areas where the resources are easily available to them and
cheap labour is associated with . But when it comes to selling of these products the SMEs
have to face a difficulty in creating an impression and awareness in the minds of urban
and other potential buyers about the quality and related aspects of their products and
services. The main marketing problems of the SMEs in marketing their products and
• Most of the SMES established in the developing nations provide products and
services with moderate quality largely applying outdated technologies. Thus they
are faced with tough competition with the high quality products of the MNCs at
lesser price. With the increasing globalization the situation is further worsened.
• Reduced protection has already lowered the SMEs competitive strength. The
sector may face dumping by foreign competitors like China . The cost of anti
• The sector is mostly consisting of family run businesses which generally employs
these people lack professional knowledge and wisdom needed to market their
products and services. They are continuing with the age old ‘hunch decision ‘
making and use of no modern tools. As well taking the help of professional
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• Most of the times the SME sector end up with wrong marketing strategies and
these are not aware of the modern techniques like supply chain management, just
adopt any publicity and advertisement strategies. Most of their products are sold
through word of mouth publicity and direct selling. Sometimes the government in
products of these units. Still the small enterprises are unable to utilize this
opportunity because of the low levels of literacy and shortage of working capital
needs.
• It was often complained that the host country distributors that despite providing
the SMEs with full actual samples of the product at free of cost, they fail to give
product. They learn only when the importer chokes them up in terms of the non-
• Many companies fail to get buyers or even enquiries because they had never
developed the unique selling point. (USP) of their products. Many enterprises are
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not sure about how their products were different from those of the market. Since
they were unaware of their vital aspects, they were unable to understand the needs
• Most of the SMEs don’t market themselves enough because they think that they
can’t afford it. They give up easily if a particular marketing activity does not
• The SMEs particularly in the field of exports lack in awareness about the
• The companies in this sector have a difficulty in explaining clearly the product
features and their utilities they are selling and are inconsistent in their
another for no valid reasons. This confuses the prospective buyers and also
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• Several enterprises have the notion that one has to be a big company to enter the
online arena to market their products. Most of the SMEs are yet to realize that
online marketing can and is the only be the cost effective, measurable and
• Individual SSI units are scattered throughout the country and their resources are
• The cost of production of these units is relatively high because these units tend to
purchse the raw materials in small lots and through middlemen, which results in
high pricing of the goods. By, contrast large organizations are offered raw
• The emerging challenges to the small scale sector are to come from the impact the
of the agreements under WTO> The agreements under TRIPS calls for tighter
• Majority of the SMEs are unable to participate in the Industrial exhibitions and
Expos organized nationally and internationally. This is due to the high cost
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associated with transportation of the produce and traveling costs of the
entrepreneurs themselves. Further these units are not aware of the formalities to
be completed for registering their firms for these fairs. So, the SMEs are finding
In most parts of the developing world, the problems being faced by the SMEs are more
or less similar in their nature, and are due to shortcomings in policy and legal frame
technology. Most of these units are heavily dependent on the imported technologies and
skills for the maintenance of the plant and operations. Adaptation to the local needs has
always been the least priority and national budget allocation for technology transfers is
quite low. In fact, it vital for the developing nations to examine and understand the
nature of technology transfer process and give effort to execute them successfully in the
development of SMEs.
At times, when major markets are shrinking down consistently, each and every SME
should have a marketing strategy not only to show-case their products, but also to easily
get inquiries form other markets. Some suggestions have have been proposed in this
regard to find solutions to the marketing difficulties faced by the SME sector.
1. There must be some programme on making these organisations aware of the modern
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business tools. SMEs can be greatly benefit if they recognize the power of internet for
2. They should develop their websites in English language for spreading their reach
beyond India. Bodies such as CII, Trade India can take up awareness programmes for
need to think beyond conventional marketing practices of large companies and search for
B2B portals, E-Commerce tools, Business Networks and Industry and Marketing
networks.
4. SMEs should realize that on the Internet, a big company will have the same chances as
an SME to make an impact on the buyer. With the correct techniques any SME can make
5. Indian SMEs have to take note of technical barriers to trade(TBT) in view of technical
6. Good planned strategic approach, if adopted by SMEs can help them to overcome
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Institutional support
India has already recognized the importance of its SME sector is providing a a wide array
of assistance programmes to this sector to reduce the barriers to the development of this
sector. Policy and implementation bodies along with IDBI, SFCs and Commercial Banks
are working at national and state levels and sometimes at the local government also.
of certain items for government stores, price preferences and support in joint
Medium Enterprises (MSME) to encourage exports from this sector and to increase the
access and development of overseas markets to these units. The scheme offers funding
for participation in international fairs, study tours abroad, trade delegations, publicity etc.
Direct assistance is given to individual sales cum study tours, participation in fairs,
SIDBI operates a scheme for direct assistance for financing activities related to marketing
of the products of MSME sector. The financing referred to so far is available for a wide
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range of activities and purposes. Additional financing is available to the purchase of
MSMEs announced on 30th August, 2000, it was decided that the Small Industries
scheme similar to the one obtaining in the Ministry of Commerce. This scheme will
operate in addition to the SIDO scheme for participation in the international fairs will
cover all activities for which direct assistance is given under the existing scheme MDA
to and fro air fare within the permissible limits. Special assistance programmes are also
in the backward areas . These organizations are providing marketing assistance to the
To conclude Indian SMES are Presently incapable of developing the right perspective as
SMES. It is essential to reposition Indian SMES in some strategic sectors with some
proven comparative advantage. Clusters should be the future strategy for SME
marketability
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REFERENCES
Dr. Jain PC, “Government and Business Policy” Galgotial Publishing House, 2001
Dr, Parameshwaran KP “Institutional support for Small scale rural processing enterprises:
The case of India”, Corporate Document Repository
Vidyanathan A, “Reviving the economy, Problems and Prospects” EPW, Feb 7-13, 2009
Dr. Yeram Raju B. “Small and Medium enterprises( SMEs) , Issues in the changing
global economic environment” banknetindia, 31-1-2009
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