Assignment No.

Submitted to: Mr. Rehan Mehmood Submitted by: Ali Raza (100201044) M. Khurram Khalil (100201045)

Institute of Space Technology Islamabad

Question:
An educational institute has decided to launch a small satellite having mass and volume according to CubeSat specifications i.e. mass of 1.33kg and volume of 10 cm cube. Due to some launch constraints, there are three options for the target orbit of operation. i. 600 Km circular orbit with 40 degree inclination ii. 650 km Sun Synchronous orbit iii. 700km apogee and 200km perigee elliptical orbit with 30 degree elevation

You are required to do the feasibility study of the above orbits to find, compare and comment on the following parameters (You have to submit a formal report) i. Orbital Period ii. Maximum eclipse time iii. Radiation effects iv. Orbit decay due to atmospheric drag v. Illumination time

i- Orbital Period:
Circular Orbit 600Km Orbit type: general Apogee: 600.00 km Perigee: 600.00 km Inclination: 40.00 R. A. Ascending Node: 0.00 Argument of Perigee: 0.00 True Anomaly: 0.00 Period: 1.61 hrs Circular Orbit 650Km Orbit type: heliosynchronous Apogee: 650.00 km Perigee: 650.00 km Inclination: 97.99 R. A Ascending Node: 24.23 Argument of Perigee: 0.00 True Anomaly: 0.00 Period: 1.63 hrs Elliptical Orbit Orbit type: general Apogee: 700.00 km Perigee: 200.00 km Inclination: 30.00 R. A. Ascending Node: 0.00 Argument of Perigee: 0.00 True Anomaly: 0.00 Period: 1.56 hrs

As, it is clear from above entries that the orbital period of the circular orbit of 600km duration is maximum which give least charge/recharge cycles for the batteries.

ii- Maximum Eclipse Time

Circular Orbit 600Km 35.03 minutes Circular Orbit 650Km 35.44 minutes Elliptical Orbit 36.44 minutes

The eclipse time of circular orbit with 600km altitude is minimum which is the most suitable one.

iii- Radiation Effect

Radiation sources
a- Trapped proton and electron fluxes Average spectra of trapped protons:

The 2nd orbit has the best curve for integral + differential proton flux .

Averaged spectra of trapped electrons (Third orbit has a best curve)

Trapped proton flux as a function of orbital time (Third orbit has a best curve)

World Map of the Trapped Proton Flux (Third orbit give the minimum effected area for trapped proton flux))

b- Trapped proton anisotropy Trapped proton unidirectional flux

c- Long-term solar particle fluencies

Solar heavy ion fluence spectra(orbits 1 and 2 both are suitable)

d- Galactic cosmic rays GCR ion spectra(third orbit gives the best suitable values)

e- Shielded flux Averaged spectra of shielded protons (third orbit gives the best suitable values)

Averaged spectra of shielded electrons(first orbit gives the best suitable values)

Averaged spectra of shielded neutrons(2nd orbit gives the best suitable values)

f-

Long-term radiation doses

Ionizing dose for simple geometries(first orbit gives the best suitable values)

Non-ionizing energy loss for simple geometries(2nd orbit gives the best suitable values)

Shielded trapped proton fluence spectrum(third orbit gives the best suitable values)

Relative degradation(2nd orbit gives the best suitable values)

Effective dose analysis (2nd orbit gives the best suitable values)

EFFECTIVE DOSE ANALYSIS Planet: Earth Source spectrum: Trapped particles and Solar protons Tot. shield thickness: 5.3 [g/cm2] Dose: 3.9 3.7 [S]

EFFECTIVE DOSE ANALYSIS Planet: Earth Source spectrum: Trapped particles and Solar protons Tot. shield thickness: 5.3 [g/cm2] Dose: 0.0 0.0 [Sv]

EFFECTIVE DOSE ANALYSIS Planet: Earth Source spectrum: Trapped particles and Solar protons Tot. shield thickness: 5.3 [g/cm2] Dose: 0.5 0.5 [Sv]

Ambient Dose Analysis(2nd orbit gives the best suitable values)

AMBIENT DOSE EQUIVALENT ANALYSIS Planet: Earth Source spectrum: Trapped particles and Solar protons Tot. shield thickness: 5.3 [g/cm2] Dose: 9.3 6.9 [Sv]

AMBIENT DOSE EQUIVALENT ANALYSIS Planet: Earth Source spectrum: Trapped particles and Solar protons Tot. shield thickness: 5.3 [g/cm2] Dose: 0.0 0.0 [Sv]

AMBIENT DOSE EQUIVALENT ANALYSIS Planet: Earth Source spectrum: Trapped particles and Solar protons Tot. shield thickness: 5.3 [g/cm2] Dose: 6.7 6.7 [Sv]

g- Single event effects

Short-term SEU rates and LET spectra(third orbit gives the best suitable values)

Spacecraft shielded ion (GCR+SEP) spectra(3rd orbit gives the best suitable values)

iv- Satellite illumination

a- Direct illumination (third orbit gives the best suitable values)

b- Earth infrared radiation (1st and 2nd orbits give the best suitable values)

c- Earth reflected sunlight (third orbit gives the best suitable values)

d- Total radiation (third orbit gives the best suitable values)