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Code: 9A21703 B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMICS (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 2 Explain the development of CFD as a research and design tool with examples. Explain conservation and non-conservation forms of governing flow equations with illustrations from continuity equation. Comment on integral versus differential form of the governing flow equations. Write short notes on the following: (a) Strong and weak conservation forms of governing equations. (b) Shock capturing method. Discuss the mathematical and physical behavior of flows governed by parabolic equations with an example of unsteady thermal conduction in two and three dimensions. (a) Explain the implicit formulation with an example. (b) What is the use of Thomas algorithm? Explain the need of transformation of equations in CFD. Transform Laplace equation into computational system. What is grid? Explain briefly how curvilinear grids in physical plane are transformed into rectangular grid in computational grid. Discuss about the adaptive grid with an example and neat sketches. *****

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Code: 9A21703 B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMICS (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) (b) 2 Why computational fluid dynamics is important in the modern practice of fluid dynamics? Illustrate with an example. Define and derive the physical meaning of divergence of velocity. Differentiate between conservation and non conservation form. Derive the momentum equation in conservation form. (a) (b) Discuss with a neat diagram shock capturing method along with its merits and demerits. Explain why conservation form of governing equations is important for calculations using shock capturing method. Discuss the mathematical and physical behavior of flows governed by hyperbolic equations with an example of steady, inviscid, supersonic flow over a two-dimensional circular-arc airfoil. (a) (b) What is stability and its importance in CFD? Construct FTFS, FTCS and FTBS explicit schemes for the wave equation and comment on the stability of these schemes and indicate their accuracies. What is grid adaption? Its need in a flow domain. Role played by it on the numerical solution with an example for two dimensional steady flows in a pipe. How does transformations are helpful to reduce non uniform mesh into uniform mesh such that the finite difference schemes can be applied for computation? Explain the modern developments in grid generation according to the practical world of aerodynamics. *****

(a) (b) (c)

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Code: 9A21703 B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMICS (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) (b) (a) (b) Write about different types of fluid models and its impact on governing equations. Derive and define the physical meaning of substantial derivative. Derive the continuity equation assuming appropriate flow model. Convert this

equation to conservation form. What are the different types of temperature boundary conditions that are generally prescribed on the surface of a body in viscous flows? Enumerate different approaches to handle shock waves with neat sketches. Classify the following partial differential equations according to their nature as elliptic/parabolic or hyperbolic.

3 4 (a) (b) (c) 5 (a) (b)

Unsteady thermal conduction equation: Laplaces equation: Second-order wave equation: .

What are the limitations of finite difference method? Explain von Newmann stability analysis with an example. What are the available structured grid generation techniques and explain the conformal mapping method? Consider viscous flow over a flat plate obtain the stretched grid in computational plane using inverse transformation. Compare and contrast elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic grid generation techniques. *****

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Code: 9A21703 B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMICS (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) Explain any two applications of computational fluid dynamics in civil industry. (b) Describe the different steps involved in the process of computational fluid dynamics. Derive the energy equation in terms of internal energy for a viscous flow on the basis of flow model of infinitesimally small fluid element moving with the flow. Why integral forms of equations are considered more fundamental than the differential forms explain with examples? Write short notes on the following properties of numerical solutions of fluid flows: (a) Stability. (b) Consistency. (c) Accuracy. (d) Convergence. Consider the function . Using first order forward, rearward differences and second order central differences, with x = y = 0.1, to calculate approximate values and at point (1,1). Calculate the percentage difference when compared of with exact solution and comment on it. Explain briefly about body-fitted grids like C-type and H-type with neat sketches and application. Discuss about the general transformation of the equations from physical domain to computational domain and give comments. Distinguish between compressed and adaptive grids with its merits and demerits. *****