DISEASE

- It is a term for an abnormal condition that impairs the normal functioning of the body. TYPES OF DISEASES 1. COMMUNICABLE/CONTAGIOUS - These are infectious disease capable of passing from one person to another. TYPES: a. DISEASES TRANSMITTED THROUGH FOOD AND WATER (Cholera and hepatitis) b. Vector-borne Diseases (Malaria and Felariasis) c. Diseases transmitted by animals (Leptospirosis and rabies) d. Killer diseases of the New Millennium ( Meningococcemia, SARS, Bird Flu and Influenza A

2. NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Are those diseases which are not infectious which may result from genetics or lifestyle. TYPES: a. Nutritional Diseases (Scurvy: lack vit. c , Goitre: lack of iodine, Kwashiorkor: lack of protein, beri-beri: thiamine, Obesity) b. Genetic Diseases (down syndrome, Progeri: rapid ageing) c. Cancer d. Auto-immune Diseases (Lupus, Coeliac and Crohns disease, Eczema) MORBIDITY vs. MORTALITY Morbidity- refers to the degree of severity of a disease. Mortality- used to determine the measure of the number of deaths. CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO DISEASE 3. ENVIRONMENT 4. POLITICS

1. ECONOMY 2. CULTURE

5. EDUCATION

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES - These are illnesses sourced from pathogens which spread from living thing to another. Types of Pathogens: 1. Bacteria 3. Fungi 5. Protozoan 2. Virus 4. Rickettsiae 6. Parasitic Worms

Chain of infection
CAUSATIVE AGENT

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

RESERVOIR

PORTAL OF ENTRY

PORTAL OF EXIT

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

Prepared by: MR. JOWELL OANA, MAPEH Teacher DEGMNHS SY 13 - 14

Philippines Major infectious disease

TYPE OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

DISEASE 1. Tuberculosis (Kochs Disease)

Sign/Symptoms Low-grade afternoon fever Night sweating Loss of appetite Weight loss Easy fatigability due to increased oxygen demand Temporary amenorrhea Productive dry cough Kopliks spots whitish/bluish pinpoint patches on the buccal cavity Rashes Rice watery stool

PREVENTION Give BCG BCG is ideally given at birth, then at school entrance

EPI DISEASES

2.MEASLES (Morbilli Rubeola)

Measles vaccine

DISEASES 1. Cholera TRANSMITTE D THROUGH FOOD AND 2. Hepatitis A WATER

Fever Anorexia (early sign) Headache Jaundice (late sign)

Proper handwashing Proper food and water sanitation Immunization of Chole-vac Proper handwashing Proper food and water sanitation Proper disposal of urine

ERUPTIVE DISEASES

1. Chickenpox (Varicella)

Vesiculo-pustular rashes

2. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

VECTORBORNE DISEASES

1. Malaria

DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY ANIMALS

2. Filariasis (Elephantiasis) 1. Leptospirosis (Weils Disease or Mud Fever)

Cold Stage: severe, recurrent chills (30 minutes to 2 hours) Hot Stage: fever (4-6 hours) Wet Stage: Profuse sweating Affectation of male Genitalia a.Fever g. cough b. headache c. myalgia d. nausea e. vomiting f. chest pain a. Headache and fever b. Spasms of muscles of c. deglutition on attempts to swallow d. Fear of water/hydrophobia e. Paralysis f. Delirium and convulsions High grade fever in the first 24 hours Hemorrhagic rash Shock Death Fever (>38 0C) and Chills Malaise Myalgia Headache Infectivity is none to low

Concurrent disinfection of throat and nose discharges Exclusion from school for 1 week after eruption first appears Avoid contact with susceptibles Chemically treated mosquito net Larva eating fish Environmental sanitation Antimosquito soap Neem tree (eucalyptus) CLEAN Technique

CLEAN Technique Protective clothing, boots and gloves Eradication of rats Segregation of domestic animals Awareness and early diagnosis Improved education of people Have pet immunized at 3 months of age and every year thereafter Never allow pets to roam the streets Take care of your pet High grade fever in the first 24 hrs Hemorrhagic rash Kernigs sign Brudzinski sign Shock and Death Utilize personal protective equipment (N95 mask) Handwashing Universal Precaution The patient wears mask Isolation

2. Rabies (Lyssa Hydrophobia Le Rage)

KILLER 1. Meningococce DISEASES OF mia THE NEW MILLENNIUM 2. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / SARS

3. Bird Flu Other Name: Avian Flu

4. Influenza A (H1N1) (Swine Flu)

Fever and Cough Sore throat indigestion Sore eyes Body weakness and body a. Fever b. Headache c. Fatigue d. Lack of appetite e. Runny nose f. Sore throat g. Cough h. Vomiting or nausea i. Diarrhea

Isolation technique Vaccination Proper cooking of poultry

Cover your nose and mouth when coughing and Sneezing Always wash hands Use alcohol- based hand Sanitizers Avoid close contact with sick people Increase your body's resistance sleep Eat nutritious food